Smart Antenna

Rashmikanta Dash
Regd.no:0601209202
ETC-A-52
OUTLINE
Introduction
What is Smart Antenna ?
Why Smart Antenna ?
How Smart Antenna works ?
◦ ULA
◦ UCA
Conclusion
Introduction
Rapid growth of wireless
communication
Multi-services requirement
Effective usage of frequency band
Classic antennas are omni-directional

 smart antenna
What is Smart Antenna ?
Concept of SDMA system
Arrange in a particular geometric form
Use few methods to change EM wave pattern
◦ Switched beam system
◦ Adaptive antenna system
 Switched beam system

。 select one of several beams to enhance received

signals
 Adaptive antenna
system

。 adaptive beam system can adjust its antenna pattern

to enhance the desired signal
。 null or reduce interference
。 collect correlated multipath power
Why Smart Antenna
Higher capacity (traffic/area)
Better transmission quality and/or
coverage

Standard Coverage

Extended Coverage
Why Smart Antenna
 Reduction of transmitter power
 Reduction of delay spread
 Accurate user position estimation

Fixed cell shape Dynamic cell shape

Limiting effects of the wireless
channel
Multi-path propagation gives rise to
fading
inter-symbol interference
time variation of signals

Co-channel interference gives rise to

increased noise level and hence greater
errors
 Multi-path propagation
 Multipath components
suffer different delays
 This gives rise to ISI
Smart Antenna
 reject or stimulate
multipath components LoS
by changing their
radiation patterns MP
Mobile
 significantly reduce the
requirements of
equalization and/or
increase CINR
 Co-channel
interference
 Interference from
other directions than
wanted user Smart Antenna
 suppress unwanted Mobile 2

user by placing nulls LoS Interference

in directions of MP
Mobile 1
unwanted signals
 improved transmission
quality and/or system
capacity
How Smart Antenna works

Uniform Linear Array geometry

Uniform Circular Array geometry
Uniform Linear Array
geometry
rl = [ (l − 1)d 0]
T

T
aULA ( )  g ( )  1 e  jkd cos
.....e  j ( L 1) kd cos

M
Base-band signal x(t ) = ∑ a(θ m ) sm (t )
m =1
Uniform Circular Array
geometry
 T
 2π (l − 1) 2π (l − 1) 
rl = R cos sin 
 L L

 2π ( l − 1) 2π ( l − 1) 
ϕ ( l , θ ) = kR  cos cosθ + sin sin θ 
 L L 

 j ( L 1, ) T
aUCA ( )  g ( )  e  j (0, )
e  j (1, )
..... e 
 M
x(t ) = ∑ a m (θ )s m (t )
m =1

s(t ) = [ s1 (t ).......sM (t )]
T

A(θ ) = [ a(θ 1....a(θ M )] ( L x M )

X(t ) = A(θ )s(t ) + n(t )

Conclusion
SmartAntenna offer new ways to
combat and/or exploit the spatial
channel

Smart Antennas reduce co-channel

interference, improve BER
performance and hence capacity
THANK YOU……………..