Ambroxol

Pharmacodynamic Ambroxol: Ambroxol (group of benzilamides) belongs to secretolitical and secretomotoric medicinal products. It possesses expressed expectorant effect. Mechanism of action of the medicinal product is stipulated by stimulation of serous cells of tonsils of bronchial tubes' mucous membrane, increasing of mucous secretion content and changing of correlation of serous and mucous components of phlegm, breached under pathological processes in lungs. Under this hydrolyzing ferments acti ate and releasing of lizosoms from !lar"'s cells strengthens, that causes decreasing of iscosity of phlegm. Ambroxol increases content of surfactant in lungs, #hich is dealt #ith strengthening of synthesis of the last and secretion in al eolar pneumocytes, and also #ith breach of its disintegration. $he medicinal product increases mucociliar transport of phlegm. It suppresses coughing insignificantly. Ambroxol #ell penetrates through the placenta barrier, impro ing synthesis of surfactants during uterine life of foetus, and also it has an ability to #arn syndrome of insufficient breathing in ne#born. $he medicinal product does not cause immense creating of secretion, reduces spastic hyperacti ity of bronchial tubes% one of the main factors of de eloping of bronchial asthma under allergy. Ambroxol is more effecti e, than its predecessor % &romhexine' it is non%toxic one and #ell endured by patients. Action of retard form of Ambroxol is "ept in (%)* hours after administration inside.

Pharmacokinetics Absorption:

Ambroxol is rapidly absorbed (+*%,*-) after oral administration. $he time to reach pea" plasma concentration is approximately . hours. Distribution: $he distribution half%life of ambroxol is around )./ hours. Metabolism: Metabolite is dibromoanthranilic acid (acti ity unspecified). Excretion: 0xcretion is primarily ia the "idneys. 1enal clearance (rate) is approximately 2/ ml3minute' approximately 2%4- of a dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. $he elimination half%life of ambroxol is biphasic, #ith an alpha half%life of )./ hours and a beta half%life of ,., hours.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS !are to be ta"en to a oid contact #ith eye, s"in, serious ingestion or inhalation.

UNDESIRABLE E

ECTS

Under indi idual hypersensiti ity to Ambroxol allergic reactions such as s"in rash, nettle%rash, and angioneurotic oedema are possible. Under the prolonged administration in large doses pain in epigastrial area, nausea, omiting can appear.

O!ERDOSAGE Acute potential health effects include s"in irritation, eye irritation, respiratory tract irritation, gastrointestinal tract irritation #ith decreased motility or constipation,

ulceration or bleeding from the stomach or duodenum, peritonitis. It may e en affect beha ior3central ner ous system (tremor, con ulsions, ataxia, and somnolence), respiration (dyspnea, respiratory stimulation), li er, blood (changes if #hite blood cell count), and urinary system. 5o data a ailable on chronic potential health effects.