Topic

ACCELERATION IN

MECHANISMS
 CONTENTS

1) Define mechanism
2) Acceleration diagram for a link
3) Acceleration of a point on a link
4) Acceleration in the slider crank mechanisms
5) Coriolis component of acceleration
 INTRODUCTION

The acceleration analysis plays a very

important role in the development of
machines and mechanisms.
 MECHANISM

A mechanism is used to produce

mechanical transformations in a machine.
This
transformation could be any of the following.
3)It may convert one speed to another speed.
4)It may convert one force to another force.
5)It
may convert one torque to another
torque.
6)It may convert force into torque.
7)It
may convert one angular motion to
another angular motion.
8)It
may convert angular motion into linear
motion.
9)It
may convert linear motion into angular
motion.
EXAMPLE OF MECHANISM

Can crusher
Simple
press

Rear-window
wiper
6
 EXAMPLE OF MECHANISMS

Rowing type exercise machine

Conceptual design for an

exercise machine
7
EXAMPLE OF MECHANISM
• A good example is a crank, connecting rod and
piston mechanism.

• If the crank is turned, angular motion is converted

into linear motion of the piston and input torque is
transformed into force on the piston.
CONSIDER THE NEXT MECHANISM USED IN
SHAPING MACHINES AND ALSO KNOWN AS
THE WHITWORTH QUICK- RETURN
MECHANISM.
ACCELERATION DIAGRAMS

 It is important to determine the acceleration

of links because acceleration produces
inertia forces in the link which stress the
component parts of the mechanism.
 Accelerations may be relative or absolute.
INERTIA FORCE

 One of the reasons for finding the

acceleration of links is to calculate the
inertia force needed to accelerate or
decelerate it. This is based on Newton’s
second law.

 Force = mass x acceleration F = M a

 Torque = moment of inertia x angular

acceleration T = Iα
ACCELERATION DIAGRAM FOR A LINK
ACCELERATION OF A PARTICLE WHOSE VELOCITY CHANGES
BOTH IN
MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION AT ANY INSTANT HAS THE
FOLLOWING TWO COMPONENTS :

The centripetal or radial component, which

is perpendicular to the velocity of the
particle at the given instant.

2. The tangential component, which is parallel

to the velocity of the particle at the given
instant.
CENTRIPETAL OR RADIAL
COMPONENT

This radial component of acceleration acts

perpendicular to the velocity VBA, In other
words, it acts parallel to the link AB.
TANGENTIAL COMPONENT
 This tangential component of acceleration acts
parallel to the velocity VBA. In other words, it acts
perpendicular to the link AB.
ACCELERATION OF A POINT ON A
LINK
 THE SLIDER-CRANK
MECHANISM
Another mechanism that is commonly
encountered is a slider crank. This
mechanism also consists of a combination
of four links, with one being designated as
the frame. This mechanism, however, is
connected by three pin joints and one
sliding joints.

17
 SLIDER-CRANK MECHANISM

Ken Youssefi
The mechanism has a stroke
B1B2 equal twice the crank
length r2.

Locations B1 and B2 are called

UC Berkeley
the extreme positions (limiting)
of the slider

In-line slider crank mechanism

18
ACCELERATION DIAGRAM FOR SLIDER
CRANK MECHANISM
CORIOLIS COMPONENT OF
ACCELERATION

When a point on one link is sliding

along another rotating link, such
as in quick return motion
mechanism, then the Coriolis
component of the acceleration
must be calculated.
OR
the Coriolis effect is an
apparent deflection of moving
objects when they are viewed
from a rotating reference
frame.
CORIOLIS COMPONENT OF
ACCELERATION
THE CORIOLIS COMPONENT OF
ACCELERATION IS PRESENT IN

(a) 4-bar mechanisms with 4 turning pairs

(b) shape mechanism
(c) slider-crank mechanism
(d) Scotch Yoke mechanism