ACLU 2004 Remand Documents

CIA OT.G Le!çases

L. TQOA CIA OIG RePort

2. A7 March 2003 CIA business Plan
díscussing RDI Program IOIG Vaughn #
Other-2 9 l
3. 31 January 2003 Draft psychological
assessment of Abu Zubaydah IOIG Vaughn #

Other-3 9 l
4. 2A November 2OO2 Spot' report díscussing
interrogation of *l-Ntuhiri IOIG Vaughn #
Other- 63 l
5 . 24 ,July 2AOZ Draft psychological
assessment of Abu Zubaydah IOIG Vaughn #
Other- 7L l
6. Undat'ed certsifieatíon sheet used in
ínterrogation lraíning toIç Vaugihn #
Other- 93 l
T.Undatedblank.'EnhancedPressures',sheet
used for waterboard training [OfG Vaughn
Other-1031

8. 17 JuIy 2003 intervÍew wíth a senior CIA

officer regarding CIÃ' RDI Program IOIG
Vaughn # rnterview-B3l
9. 22 January 2003 Email with att'ached spot
rêport regarding interrogation of a1-
NaEhiri IOIG Vaughn # Emai1-L96l
 :t: l t1:'"'¿ ìi'!'
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A rffi-'ffi,#s#

l
cfA toAN col'Y
'ê,. DONOTCOFY

Centr al Intellígence
"4gency
Inspector General

SpscIALRnvluw

COUNTERTERRORISM DETENTION AND

INTERRO GATION ACTIVI'IIES
(SEPTEMBER 2001 _ OCTOBER 2OO3)
Qaas-7723-lGl

7 Dl.fay 2A04

copy !
 TABLE OT CONTENTS Page

""""1
INTRoDucrION."""""""""""""""¡
"""""2
SIJMM4RY..,.....,.....r"""""'
9
BACKGROUND T¡¡'¡¡¡¡'r"¡r'¡"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'
1L
DIS CUSsToN .'.......,.,"""""""""""'r"""r"'r """"r"r"""""""""
GT¡¡NS¡SOFPOST}IITAGENCYDETEI\rfiONANDJ.I.J1'ERROGÁfiON
""'i'r""¡""' """""17
ACîNTI1.,S""""""""""t""r"."'r

TTTE.vAPTLTREoFÁBuZunnwattltN"DEVËLoPMENTorEITS,,.',,,,,,.'12
"""^16
Dol rccal.4.N'{LYsrs
NorrcrTOAI.IDcoNstIlTÁrIoNwrrr.IExncurlwÁNDCoNGRESSIONÁL
""""'23
OFFICL{LS """""""""
Gu¡p¡¡¡croNcrr-Iryu[RE/DETENnoN'^ANDINTERRoG'{floN""""'t"""'24
.......,.....,...25
,..,.,,,,,.27
DCI Confinernent Guidelines"""" """"
""'29
DCI Interrogation Guicl'e1ïnes""""""""
Medical Guidelines """"""""
Training for Interrogatíons"" """""""""""31

n" rrrxuo N a^,n arrrRJto G'{uoN o P ER'4TI o¡¡s A' rf L-

TÕ'r-sÊeI{FT/
:::?',a.r'a.:ì i..:'.:.--ir::;.:.:..1 -; I

,,.,..,.,.46

57

58

61.

65

67

Sp..iii. Unauthori ze#, orUndocumented Techniques ..,""',""69

TöFEÊeRBI/
 õFsËsgr/

t"t"t"'82
" "' " " " " " "'
-.ã^\¡6oNs "
GATI ¡ r "
r

tL suPPo RT To INTERRo
'\w ;itvnc """t'Qr
aÉ.

Errr,crwnllr.çs """"'
"""""""""""91
PotrcycoNslDEfutTÏoNslr}II)coNCEItIvsREG.ARDIT\¡GrrrrDerrvr¡o¡l
¿¡vufrsreRnoc'afloNl)Rocrt'q,lr"' """"""""'92
Policy Consideratione
ConcerneoverParticipationintheCTCPrograrrr.,.'..'....,......'.'94
""""95
ENl:e¿.¡,tn, """""""""
""""L00
CONCLUSIONS"""""""':
"" 106
RECOMMENDATIONS"""""""""¡"
APFENDTCES

A. Proceclures ancl Resortrces

Events
B. Chronology of Significant
Rizza,Acting cene¡al coursel of the
C. Menrorandurn for Joh,¡ -

ceniral Intelligence A geircy,

î", lr'trätro gation of an Al-Qa',ida
OPerative, L Attgust 2002

D.DClGuidelinesonConfurementCorrdirionsforCl,\Detainees,
28 JanuarY 2003
oq! ations Cond,,tludPM
E. DCI Guideiines

I
á
:a

s
: ÌõPsessr/
ffiH--Ë¡¡g;$¡'1g¡:;=:a..:.:.r.ffil|#.*sË:i¡it¡?$:i*-".**í-:.:¡I,:,i:ii::.,..:;.:-'','.:..,Ê=¿.:Égæ#:'¡,r.^.'**:-...¿...

TCTr,.sË$REt/

F. Draft office of Medical services Guidelines on Medical and

Psychological tupport to Detainee hrterrogations, 4 September
2003

io%BBeRBr/
 l!--.::.,.+'.:t -- ,.
,lt*i - : - :,t.-, :l:.*"t'
{*F*¡=x.W¡,|ff+Æl Y:i.í;i{;!i,.i:+:r",;x:';r::'ti

CTAR GEMER'AL
OFNCEOF INSPË

SpgctAL REvIEw
I o N AN"
couNTERTERRo RI
sM
:J"l*t
iü;titiö.anoNagY¡3t3,1
t #;äffi"tilt t1 : 9 g.t
ER B 2oo3 )
(
(2003-7123'IG)

7 MaY 2004

INTRODUCTICIN

"'

",*"Hl;Grrff îil*jikii:åîtrffi
tnät tlt" Agency had estabusneq
ñ ;ä;" i:::::i"';;.';;
Cent e r to de tain i: î:i Til*"uc*u
s.^T-X1lî
ubro^d ('the CTC
:::"î o
"
u
;;;;'^*'). He
"*:qt:ï:13
isnatc

triffi
,Abd
;ä;;ä;**ätechninues,fff
uoot',.rJoreign
1;f ';:'
site, ancl requested
that
AI-Rahim ¿r-ÑåsÌ.riri, ^t

TursË$llsu
 :#ì:i:rl::l ii;t:¡.ade:i.:î.:.:...::-.i
:::iÉ;r::lË:i:ïl l.ij;i.'i:.;.., .. _,
-,

j_.t:.-;*ä:é.:'¿'rr'::.ii;'.i?.;...::i:..:i:&4-í:-
i Ë:åï-r ii:#l%iTt¿_¿.ì*,:irr:i+1 ;i:1!!ål
-i,#iìl*lã--ã¿:Ëã:¡:¿èììçiL:::!i:ii":

îõ%=ne*s-r/

that Some
oIG i¡rvestigate. Separately, oIG received in.forrnation
emPloyeeswereconcernedthatcertaincovertAgencyactivíties.atanof
overseas detention and interrogation site
night involve violations
review of ABencY
hrunari rights, In ]anuary 20A3,OIG initiated a
counterteirorism deteltion angj tion activities!
and the incident rvith
Al-Nashiri.l T -lQ

SUMMARY

;igrr-td resPonsibilitY fo r
the
ímplementi4g*p.--tGadetentiona-ufl ':1gnlf"i:-î"1f
öti..iå, ä; $i'.;b Counterte'rorist Center (D/CTC). Wheit
U'S'
, -,- r^r^r*:--.i-.1ir¡{Árr.:le in Afc.hanistan affd at
rrríIitary forces u"e* dçtgililg$$li9l3%iå
Guantanatno EaY,

'lll and i*terrogate

directly ññb-.t-"f suspät"á teriorists. The caph'e andjnitial
Agency int rrogution of the firsi high value detainee' Abu Zubaydah'

ro-\QAppendixAaddressesthePioceduresandResourcesthatolGemployedin
rendition^s condttcted by the Agency or
conducting this Review. The Review does not address

2 (" epp*dixB is a chronology or6iriã"t e"."ts th^t occurred dqrÍng the period of this

TõrsËe*sf,/
i4
 TõÏ\:E$RETJ

the Agency with

a t'tf"'lÏ:t dilernma'a
*'
inMarch2002' presented
iil" ;s. ^:r *^, å'å'ä;*'*:
;i*""*1-'* î'å'ö Ëi
be obtaine$
l-l'I: ?*il"iår*ítui .o"r¿ notju,,.vc¡f
additional terronst ^ icials f

"dÏîrîtîi'".äH:,tHIüiö#i.ä¡-.'ä".,n
*;;; robttst "ttãt"*y
to elicit tlueat
sentor
believed that a "pP;tit;u' from other
i¡forrnatio" r'o^'eîîZ*"iatn *a fottiuly

;,:ffi
ït-q"rã; hi gh value detainees'

:,,f:j;å:,Hïi'*'iiffi ::'""
iå:ffiil."ä:Ëi:iäïä*f '"t;5-;;g#if;;'^ii'
Qa'i d a
¿
ï'"ø,ri" :ff
1: ::
interrogation
il:,:ffi,ifl
at
;:ffi
at A! ; í. á; e rh

u'u of in the
oersorurel tl"a uîå" ""*edra.y.¡r åìã'- u" rll: ï
"iittance'techniques/
- r"
äno ther .r.,, u.,ïJ"
îä,,. ltil"oJlii"l'.il

ffi ::Iåi:ffi ]¡tflç$;t*ifu::f,*Ïm1".*

ää'"nå-tot"',iîf.ä":ÅiïlË*;ä"'ra-"ti*tookplaceagainst
use on [tbuZt

m*kr#***;';k$ ¡ön* r;:"':r':r."

n*J f omm'n*Y
:îiH:'?1* ii * ;iì;'"*u
6,*,t-ïi-"?åï-"å:'äïil;JtröiËä{-
in determiniug and
d( research
the lead ted iìaËpendent
consfrainrs f år interrogations.'åää;fu
I

I
{ t.
i
I
t
t
I

{i
i,
ll "l"i;i;iåg" such threats' but
to have u

It_
{i

ii
"f
targets/detainees'

t'-
l;
;,
':'

t=
TæEËgEI/
i;:
 hsne*su

and consuitecl extensivêly with Department of Ïustice (Dof and

National security cou¡rci (NSC) legal and policystaJf. working with
DoJ,s Office of Lâgal Counsel (OLC), OGC determi'ed that
in inost
instances rele'raníto the coqg!1!rror!n detention and
interro gation activities lhe crimiiral prohibition
againsitorh*e,18 U.S.C. 2940-n408, is the conholling legal
. const¡ai:rt on interrogations of detainees outside
the United States' In
August Z1gZ,DoJ prõvided to the Agency a legalopinion in which it
detãrmined that 10 specific "Enhanced InterrogationTechniques" -
(Ems) would. not'vioiate the torfu¡e protribition. Jhis workprovidecl
the foundation for the policy and adminislrative decisions that guide
Lhe CTC Progranr.

By Novemb et 2002, the AgenSY had Abu

:lr- value detainee,'Abd Al-Rahj¡t

Al-Nashiri, in custod

provided medical care to the detainees'

 ;ffikx
[""ãt*" ãr autuLtes in ca]rles'
deviatrons
ro,tlsË with one
from aPProvecl Proceaur.:re
aPprovecl Proceci
tl^"j-,1-^ñr1%,"rv
respect to two
descriìred
notable exception ^ of one'Elt, the
ä:ffi :r:;ffiåiñ:::ï"ï:,äJ"'q"::'¿?í:äîffiá*:
detair-rees at those slres/
beyoncl
Ltr'E upv "'^'-
*d"r"
th:,P:"lt:l-^., óf tt',u technique as
nîuãl¡ourd, went ?e 2003, secu:
LJoJ' rrÌe #bvr'r-Jå"r ^n
ffiFåiîïå'"Hil::iüåiii'..^s*inïîf:Jif ï#íf."trifi
originally describect to
that der .t. 'u1v
""t
significant for
oral Do] concurrence ¡ef1l
oPinions'
of DoJ's legal
;;0.;t
 1-5. Agency efforts to provide systematic,
clear *.a ù*@ to thoseinvolved inihe CTC. Detention
and Interrogatiori Program was jnadeqult_e at firstbub have
improved cãnsiderabfly a*tg
the life of the Program as problems
have been id.entified. and. adclressed. cTC implemented fraining
prograurs for interrã guto6 and. d.ebriefers.6 Ñf oreover, building uPon
ãp"ätiot al a¡d legaiguidalce previouslysent to the field,the DCI

The use of these te¡ms has

terrns infezroga tion/interr'olgatüiÃa lnU"rf' gldebríeJer intercttang""Uly'
A debriefer engages a
since evolveã and, today,-C1C more cbárlf distinguishes their meanings'
is person rvho completes a
detai¡ree solely througtr-questiott and aruruer. An interrogator a
designed to tfain, quali$r, and certif a
lrvo-week interrogâtionsir**g program.which is
during an,interrogation of a
pefson to adminis-terEnr: Arüånrtator canadminjstãr EITs
the detainee as
äe!inee only after the field, in coordi¡iationwith I'Ieadguarte¡s, asæsses
to a
rvitlrholcting inJormation. An inteúogator tlansitions üre detainee from anon'cooperative
cooperativJphase in order that a debäefer can elicit actionable intelligence throùgh
a detainee
ror,-uggr.rrí.re techniques duringdebrÍefing sessionË. An interrogator may debrief
du_rin[ãn intenogation; howevei, a debriefer may not interrogate a detainee.

TÕPEEeB*TI
l:i:-'-' .:¡1, '7 -', -,. 'i-.êË
.#-.r,,É!=ë1,#î*iÆl
'
\V¿;'t-::' :t.::r'+-z:=:.'
,:''æ i'

on28Januarvzooas,q.,l*,,1#,î;Ir":î",irÎ'rf iffiåffi
for ClA DrE

ñr'sUpporting interrogo*t'"- -r--- of

-tlie

ääJäî
Headquarters
fi"ld tg obtain specific
oracÉce of
"óT;;"-î*i#¡f:ff
r.qoffi,il
f
"
Guidelines are'an room for
* tu*t ;*
Guicleline,
'n"iåJ';-""
"'uttantïal
misinterpretationPaïJäï";;;;'äÃ;'vcletentiona^d
'¡,#fî*1":i:'ffi
lt tuttogãdon activities'

ffi
"r,.-tt,
:fl* n:H +lltx:u':ågï:itr i:iËi'r'"
* ¿
th3usa'ds or
"¿
îi
rhe crc nr"g'"åîoî
t*,,#;;;;' of
supporting the
reports arrd ffi]õroclucis
'ã'J'"¿
i*dividuaf irrr.ffiäï*u u's' p outy*uteis an
d military
*''ir
counte rteuo'i"ou"=rtã'

F#ffi
commærders'

tT
I-nterrogatîon Pro
#î',îî,'ål ffitiffi
;'';'Pii
# ** gency
previous A
ot aiu., /ä l "^*
Adminis E aÉon "ffi;
*r*yandruresff;;"îäil""itrå'tri1¡"åfr ïllllllllllllll:?,äiff"'

trSî'ff ïi#tr'å,::i':'.T'iilffi
*"ü; üilt;tPúo'i* í"d
l#:î:'::ers'personar
eÏfectiveness of
the Agenry
reputation', "'
itself.

tA. t definitely if approPnâre

rar

:*î'.1å.*';:"t':mî:ïiËî*i;i5i+5å'*å#iä
:fr:ri;il:ni"i'*",i,:iåi:ffä:in'î'öandamonsNsc'

ÌõrsË$n'Eu
i'.#=;i!ç--rt.¡¿.:îg:i:.:,,.i1.:i11t¡åìrî:. j j:,.:: j.,

îÕPsEeREr/

Defense Deparlmenf, and. ]ustice Deparlment officials, no decisions

on any "endgarne" for Agency detainees have been made. senior
Agency officíals see th.is as a policy issue for the U.S. Government
tuth.t thun a CIA issue. Even wTth Agency inítiatives to address the
endgame with policymakers, some detainees who carmot be
prosecuted will likely rernain ín CIA custody indefinitely.

19. The Agency faces potentially seriou.s

long-term polìtical and legal challenges as a result of the CTC
Detention anci Interrogation Program, particularly its use of EITs ancl
the inabiliby of the U.9. Gover:rrment to decide what it will ultimately
clo with terroristsrdetainect by the Agency.

24. This Review makes anumber of

recomlnendations that are designed to sfrengthen the managenrent
and conduct of Agency detention and intefrogation activities.
Atthough the DCI Guideljnes were an in'rportant step forward, they
rvere only designed to address the CTC Pro
 tt':*'-'-'&.'
.!+¡:' :. ii:. ir-*:*.,' ''#, " 'á*#*i{*;*r"-'ft=¡

TöT"sË$"ErJ

BACKGßOUND

22 rq q:
inrcrrogation of i¡ åråT*îiii"*:ä,,î'Ëidiä"å''äi:"*
w;' Ag:"q pe¡sorrrrel
rhe urúted states.
îi*vi"E ,l-" "*
ii:ï*î#ä.*::*îîä*Tf#È*:iä{"*îil'ïöï'd-"
teachingi,lterrogoatiäiùl*'i""11t:îi:t"å31i.*i";ipãri*i'ur.
liaison re
;"ìil;d; to foster foreign

I
T,;;ur¡i.rål*
sensitivitiesthe'r"îö6D*":iili"'#t.**ä:ru.:':Ëî
officers from usmf
iotU^¿" AgencY

haining Progra.:r1 cLe%r6'rrvu

intero gãtion techniques'
" -
tr'
{ on
allegationt':f Tittonduct

ffi
I
I
I
23. lS) !í\ 1984' O19,j'*t'-1T1"U
rt: -^-at ""t
i
q

à
Ë

,'
rl
fr,.
bl
li¡ .--r
t.,

å:
år
 Hea d'quar ters
interr o gations, debrie f in gs, an d hum an rights issues'
cable guidance
sent officers to brief statiäns and Bases and provided
to tlr.e field.

24. lS) In 1986, the Agency endçd the HßE-training Program

because oi ailee"Uons of human rights abuses in Latin America'

which iemains in effect, e¡Plains Á-gency'sgeneralinterrogation

policy:

.l

lr
 :*13i, ::F1å++t::tææ:'":'-:"*rê¡
l.ii:,:.., .t.: -. -'- .. '

õp"sÊ$Rçr/
I

I DISCUSSION
N
¡IND T{IEXRO G,4TIO
11 AON¡ICY DETEÑTTON
GTNESTS OF PO ST
9I

ACTTVITTES
vernent

ffi¡ÏØg!*dd

responsibiüry for
zZ. [57f$R) The DCI delegated *''
impie meniä:,':'
ät¿.#ij:i:il.!@ ;¡"=
"
*"
i"u":
-er ;*:; :;:; å::i J A s encv co rnp onents'

inclucling OGC, C

7 (u//Eouo) DoI takes thepositionth::::-c,:ffi1;i#;:Xl*ïJ,Ë'"i'$äìi'äli*-t

to oraer
n"äiå e-toJJ I cónstitrttional authoriry

îö%-sËÊREs/
 *
28.
understand the sco 1'.åiffit3ä%l
To assist Agut çy. offlçiulg

researchecl, analyzed, and

wrotè "draft" papellon mglg issues. These included
dísctrssions of

n'
shared these
"draft" papers rvith Agency officers

Trrr c¿¡nrn¡ orá.ru ZwAw,+H At:{D DEwLoPME¡vr or EITs

30. Fqn) The caphrre of senior Al-Qa'ida operative

Abrr Zubaydah on 27 March 2002 presented the Agency with the
opportunily to obtai:r actionable intelligence on fuh¡re threats to the
United States flom the nrost senior AI-Qalda member in U'S. custody
at that !ime. This accelerated CIA's deve ent of an intenosation

TöFsË${rgv
 TörËaRsrJ

31. lTsl-." *:::-

'Io treat the severe wotrnds.thatAbu
.dedhim
."ãffih*iTÏî3:'i:f
Zubaydah suffered
Zubaydah,of f upon rtrs {-avru*ii""lã"f.åËa his ouestioning
å:äi¡iffi questior
i";åi"" meclical carefrom 9*":T^*, ,r'rro Aøencv *tJt utt.*uri
Jö"yrr::s:iî.hiåî:.,1
ä:.ffiïffiff1;xiJill"ff
a Ã9u
non
Ï":ï=ffi tìît.*'ig"te 3ub lvgil
non-PhYsical elicitation
vcl

ffi-rwithho ffi ent thrã at information'

h"dJ,T" i;lH^
r
uo-rs'¿a--;' -
#;;:*d;;;æ. iãrn¡l 'T"-"ã Prosraln'
io iritu"ogation teclmiques'l3
rvrite a paper "^äöìä;;;sirtuo.å

ä##fififf
Cor-nte¡meastlr(
ñ;i'ã; r'oininsffi;:": j:'sequentiv' ElTs
the
rechnïques: A new and more aggressive
åïtJ"Ped a[sÍof
two psychorg"ì' ininterrogations'
ru.o***áud fär use
that they

i: "o#,ï11îî"'u.1o,,u, o,

egency (rpRA). [tr]'.$:ìîiilT"3#ïìrJàï "rr*.a

lu,*,,ìî,îäì*'uÌ"'toi^i*'io*

u,1ri"l1-^':ffi ,ll.i;1mnr;¡';çåq"H{i;,tïfly.fr î'*î:il',"iî}-

onerations forces $'ho
a
terr
;iriffi;;t"ught hò* to sü¡vive invadous
to preve'
äË;;;"1Ñ, aird conduct themsel'es
vJar.
:J-:il rr¿.9:---:1'....
¿ì¡ê¡,i.-=iì :, :¡,
L=i_-V-zjt¡L;--;.¡'¡¡ i !;í,.t¡r.î .,,, u,...
-¿1
ääl i;g*í:j::åi::r:ssi:=ÉÉ.:Ë:;jr_iiri,.:ii'ifti :::::-:.:. *

Ur. ÈgE) CIA,'_OTS obrainect data on tiæ use of the

prCI posed otential l ong-terrn P-sTchglogical ef fects on
Em#ãÌftili from
ãetai¡rees. OTS input waibased in part on information solicited
a number .of psyct oloSisæ and knowledgeable acaclemics
in the area
of psychopathologY.

i:ffiiJå ?:3if il
P
":,å;Hffi ä.':åïå
",, training aIlcl'aty subáequent psy,choiogical effects on sbudents'
SERE
DoD/IpRA cãnciudeá no long-terni psychological. effects resultecl
from use of the EITs, including the most taxing technique' the
waterboard, on SEIì,E students-.r¿ The OTS analysis rvas used by OGC
in evaluating the iegality of teclrniques'

35. tlS[ Eleve. EITó were proposecl for adoption

i¡ the CTC Interrffi%rogram. As proposed, use of EITs would
be subject to a co*jpete^t eva'Íuadon of-themedical anct psychological
state oi the d.etaineã. fnu Agency elirninatecl one proposecl
t.J*iqn.*rio t"ttttir.g rroT n9l mi.tfr::?::ld
detay ti u t"fiGiãiliËfoilowing textbox identífies the l0 EITs
the Agency described to DoJ.

14
l\lccorcling to in<livíduals with authoritative knowledge of_the SEITE program, the
waterl¡oa¡d waS used for demorshation purposes on a very imall numbcr of shrdents in a class'
Excepl for Navy SERE training, use of thå wàterboarcl was discontinueclbecatue of its dramatic
effect on the sh¡dents rvho were subjects.
 .l:l-!í':: '':::.:.'

Techniques
Enlran cecl Interrogation

åri:,'íi!'trfis ü^ïfr'trîx#ft:äf :;":ili:'

H:åîi"i::ili#ïffgrasp, the detainee
dlal

#k**ig;u*¡**;;**t***,*It #
ag the
same motior,r .r ^...r lhpn ouickly i

" :,--i:
firnrlY Pushcd into

*",lå,#iï:Ïäf':':{
- ö;Ïi*
Places an oPen Pal
ht gettips are kept
weu
*ï.;"*'***'*"'
awa)'
-^..^.,r arrart. The

o with rrre raciar

"i:"*fflXt"'-i:Jîìffi"ri:,1f1..:tJ'".t"f'f"'Iiiiuuäut"i"""t
rrob e'
onci in ea
s
'iltr'åi iiiiïÎ"ru.tt'u "o"u'p
'Xj:î"$::ÏT;*
,rncrarnpe'r':*ï:ffi
" ,äïlì "i r?'gt Plo'I.,ours lff "i'"',îiî:'itåjåÏüii'ï'f,
and in une rarglr
t-piäùit" ta¡t uP to 18 hotus'

no than rw insect ìn the box

''tore a hanrrless
in'uolve placíng
a confinementìrox
o Insects place{ in

. ;T,iïii"*
hìs feet sPread aPP
*:ff :îfu ,.r,jft""ffi m,å***1""i't
ä";;ìli;' not*'.1",#îï:ö:Ïåff
allc
oi iuu t
cletainee is 'T;o.d,
i the detainee sit o* the Jloor
' - -: ^ r'arrin ø r'i'
tã ä'u ou u
+
"
.r
e a pp rica rionoiåiå.;J"ïljl
h iii ä? ff ïì1*"l"ii
extended:Tï::j,ä-"iir* #jtangle'
il";t 45ffclesee
;i,h ñi' legs on the floor lvhile
leanl
a

l-read or toreelin6
11' clays at a tiare'
wiJl not exceecl
Sleep cleprivation

: ffi"iil; ; ñ:Î :'^Ïob'íz

i"il;;::;,h:--i,î:r:rli:Tä:ì:il:[î:,î",]",ffi
r d": :';.,:'iïtï;"';:
n:i';.iä;.:;;:il*l.:13åffiXS;
e cr

' 'rhe a p p t ic a tio n.o

iÏiifi'ililt"'
;ffiií,;ti*srã" ele;';:ïï:11
feet erevated
¡ççr
oencrr wlut ru% --1n.", arrove ffiTä:ì
his
- -ì^d, n*er
p-laces- a cìoth
ovlr tl¡e
o1a
1ä:::'ïoi"*ir
"llllli.,for ?'0r, to
Airftow rsrestricted
rr.\$
".i:;;.:;",'....uo'
and an interrogator 1¡]:'l5:ììed
Û'e ctoth in a controlle"
mumer' - r strrfocation'
^,'rr,
:iiffiä'"Jo
;îiäil1,"^îJ,'::i:]1:i';Tj:knf produces
T;';ï oiîtu*il.'g and
U"l,l;*"ordrownirrgands'lrrrocation
i0 anci the tecnniclue
seconds " '""
I
 Dal rccaLlrNÁLYSIS

36, CIA's OGC sought gtddance from Do]

of EITs vis-à-vis indivicttrals detainecl
The ensuing legai opirúons focus on
an'd OtherCrttel' I'humane a*d
Degrading Treatnient or Punishme.lt (T9rture. Convention) '2
2340'
U.S'C' ^o
esp"ecially"as iinplemented in the U,S. criminal code,lB
23404.

g7, (J / /FoUo) Tlre Torttrre Cor.rverrtion specifically prohibits

"torture," which it clefines in Article 1' as:

any act by wlúch seaere painor suffering, whether physical or

as
mãntal, íí íntentionally inflicted on a pers.on for sucJ'r purPoses
information or a confession,
obtaining from hÍm or a third person
or is
punistrin-g him for an act he or a third person has comrnitted
ä,rspectuã of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or
a third Person/ ot f#t *y reasonbased on cliscrimination of any
kinci, rvhen such pain oi suffering ís inflicted by or ai the
instigation of or lvith the consenior acquiescence of a pu6lic official
u, oiiu, prrson acting i¡r an official ca¡''ädry' It does not ind'de
pain or slffering arisfig only from, in¡ere.nt in or incide*ial tr:
iawful sanchión. [Emphasis added']

A¡ticle 4 of the'Iorture Convention Provides that states PaIty to the

Convention are to ensure that all actì of "tortalre" arc Offenses turder
their criminal iaws. Article 16 adclitionaliy provides tl-rat each state
parfy "shall untl.ertake to preveni in any territory utder its
h'eatment or
iurisdiction other acts of cruel, inhutnan or degrading
!lrtrittl**t lvhich d<¡ not amount to acts of torture as defined in
Article 1."

is (U//FOUO) Adopted 10 December Treaty l)oc. No. 100-20 (198S) 1465 U.N.T.S' 85
1984, S.
(entered into force 26 June 1984. The Tolture Convention entered into force for the United States
'i-f-- on 20 November 1994.
 .,)t=é:-t ;" "
:,....+-:.::-l 1

i,'ai t!:;'!:t!""

38.(U//FoUo)TheToritulConventionan'rriltotheUnitecl
the' re;;;;;;;
uod ut'attstandings
States only in utt
oîJått with- explainecl
qu rt*:ii;än;.ti?l''1,4s
macle by the u^it;,ffi;,;, "* Brancl-r prior to ratification:
to thr: Senate oy ã'àtoti""
'nî U'S' las'' 'l'he pluase
broacler than existing
Article 16 is arguably
" cruel, inhu ma*
"'
o'äãäì,'å treaünen
t
l:liÏl:Iîii "Î'i'^'n'
meÏüäilä
iriternat ion al in
str u
,'ää;ä ;;"'"' o rr r i #ou en
cov
Intemati'onal "'''unt
u^iversar Decraratiol'"îiìïã* tug1]:_lï
I^ä*ü"^a'.':.11i:i:ï;iî$*îllïXlfil",:l,l','J;".,''"
i;trffi
::îitî :iTli:;appears be
;'
Ë:åltî,r l*ffiî-iïffål,";
roughì{:1"1"åïh.'i,f,tt-,
uunrshment
to
in the united states
tvuji**ä E'ighth a^d
iiÏ;il;r A*u''d*u''ts' "De gradii g- :ïh
uär.¿ i,ioirt*.',t,
ilffi ;ììühas been interpreted Tl'.9tttt:1i inclu cling h ea*nent

h'wever, J.."îï
c"îruttttion.
ñ robabrv "oi b' P':)l::Tii :L: ;;; i"d"'idua* s
,iJ ;; ;'r
lXl+;+1,,i¡ifrii:rr:,lxä*'":L'U;m;t;,i1';i1i$"" to lrp
gerrcìer charrge TB1,.^,,^^ qlâtêq corìstrues the pÌrrase
äake ctear that the
is
ffiäñiîñ"d;stancling

trre
"rhe uniterl states rrncìerstands frm '1.;efitllì:iåi'"åt
.tü^äü;eatme¡rt ": t ::ï::i"ll"ilTli-*s-r"ot**
ilre Converrti<¡tr, eF
iitution of tl'te

ffiphasisadded'l

treaties' ìrut
#o"u'ntio'' on
16(U]viennaConventiorront]reLarvofTreiìties,23May1969,ll55UNTs'331(e¡rte¡edinto
Ine urutur¡ urrr'"- - -
1e80)' rte.unit:'f:1"','^11l;; .i
ø,ìu)t
lorce27 JanrLary
JantLary 1980).
iis provisiors
ntiÏl':í$ii;;*a
as customarv r¡rtc
larv,
lnrational
lä;;itü;;gärds 100-20' at 15-16'
1? iu / /Fouo) s. Treaty Doc' No'
 ji' "".i:-Ì*i,".iÊ¡.rîi.:.:;¡

39. (u //Fouo) ln accordance with tl're convention, the

United States criminaíized. acts of torture in 18 U.S.C. 23404(a),
wlúcl'r provicles as follows:

whoever outsicle the united states comrnits or attenrpts to comlnit

torhue shall be fined under tlús title or irnprisoned not more than
20 years, or both, anct if cleath results to anyperson irol conduct
pt.,hibitud by this subseclion, shall be punished by death or
irnprisonect ior any term of years or for life'

The statute adopts the Convention definition of "torttue" as "an act

committedby a person acting urder the color of law specifically-
intenclec{ to infh#t sel'ere physical or mental pain or suffering (otl'rer
than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanci-ions) uPon another
purror. withjn his cuJtocty or physical conh-ol."l8 "severe physical
acicled a
!ain and suffering" is ¡roifurther clefined, but Congress
ãefinition of "severe mental pain or suffering:"

[T]he prolonged nrental harnr caused by or resulting

from-

(A) the intentional infliction or th¡eatened infliction of severe

physical pain or suffering;

(B) the achnfurishation or application, or tht'eatened

a ct ministra tton or' applica tio¡r, of n'Lin cl'altering sttbs
tanc es or
other procedwes calèulatecl to disrupt profoundly the senses or
the personalily;

(C) the th¡eat of ùnminent deathi or

ÇD) the threat that another person ].ill imminently be subjected

to death, severe ptrysical pain or sufferirrg, or the administration
or application of rninct-aliering substances or other procedures-
calctrlatecl to clisrupt profounclly the senses or pe.sonality. . . .19

T'hese statutory clefi¡ritions ale consistent rvith the ttncl.erstandilgs

and reservations of the United States to the'llc¡rtLrre Conventio¡l.

18 (u//Fouo) 18 US.C. æ40(1).

le (u//Fouo) 18 U.5.C. æ40(2).
 '
ii'¿i-'-l':'-'" "'
nitr!-', ;ffig':!;!u¡1{#t : -'ìií':El

îoTsÊeR,Er/

of the
prosecuted' a violation
(u/ /Fouo) DoJ has
40. "tu:: i' 1ìo caset^ï
rorr're statute, ra ïls1i#äá+q' 1"a 'rL'á of its researc
fr:tä.Tå'.,
the'restrlts
its provisio"'' oCäiltt*t-¿ f.* tã DoJ's OLC in
the suntmer
issues under U.S.¡aïiffi.ä*ä**t th:.:l:tttunts of the
of 2aa,zurd receiväa preliminrrr:"***
*Fv
"t
J";i^ssified 1 August 2002

torture statute r'Jïoí¿

the
tlt ':Ë:'*
orc t ãndusions r.egarding
ot-c lesat *t*"":åãä;;i of the torture sìäit t"a conclucled that
Droper interpretatän
isuô.io,.,2340A nï:::ä;'^.o
*a tr'n' ure specifically
or
"rit.,ì"ä, rvhethermental
intencleci t" ¡''niti 'u"u'u Ptl :' :*""*
"extreme
äJItímust be of at.,
ohvsical."' AL:"oLä;;J"'I g: Uï true]' ¡u'tuTill or degrading'
i-,uí.rru" and' thai "'certain ^to*uy intensity to
of fl-t
bot still "ot p'oäott
p1ilu"*t'trãiog it'l:til"
alrw'1rins""iäilsä04'spros*tåäffitr:tïH;;Jï*.'
f
of intenoeo Po*" ",.
ä;;itt* the reqrrisite level
^',ï:ilîî:åïfräi ::l'l, Ë:1*
plry si ca rp a in am o u n,iie j" ::,
to the paitt trcconp*y]"s':::":Ïi.i;i,;;;uJ" For purelv
t:läîï.,.i";ture áuotb'.'Secdon 2340'
of bodíly tt'
failure, impairment to aÑrunil:^i"il;;;
uncter
pti''t o* suffering
gical har nr ooitig.,'ttfit'^"'
ment'aì gr
g", ri ;1fi , R"v.t',oto I :t "
,,.,r., r,, r,TT';i ri years'"
"r for mónths or even
durah<¡n' ä;i;:ft

a violation of
Section'331["":$::'llålTt'
oLC determjnecl that ot t'l:iefendant's "Precls(
irrfuctiorr "f J;;;;"
o' äu- d ef eru e
* us ti [v i

o concloata ä-u i'"'ttt "úgl tion 2340 v iõt a tå sec

al s "ity
¿s rhar *."ffi;il;*dtt ^'22
inrerr o garior., äu
tr-,o anv other
opilion äääi;äã*tt.whether
rhe Augrist zo;ä óic iî'i" J""111"' treatment' arrd
provision' í;; 'i' 'i11"î flre Uiríted States'23
interro ga
";ü;'
tio''t ãf ãtoi""uu ot't'iãu
urcle¡
Conduct for lnterrogation
Re: $andarcls of
20 tU¡ /fOUO) Legal \'lenrorandum'
2oü2)' (1August
;; ù:J.å.äo-æloÃ
21 çu¡lFouo) Ibid-, P'1'
22 (u I /Fouo) Ibid', P' 39'
'*ïi*r'
rsí*qï,î*"*n',+i'i*l*:***,ffi :rîriirîî'f
L
for victinrs tortltre'
of

To?sÊenssJ
 ::";Íi i##ï-:*'!*.':'-:¡¡r,:'--- r-¡;o

41..(s//FoUo)Asecondunclassifiedl.August2002oLC
opinion aàclressed the international law aspects of such
me lhods
illt"oo gutions,24 This opinion concludecl that iirterrogation
the Torhrre
that clo not violate tg U.S.C .2g4}wou1d not violate
of the
convention an<i would not conre within the jurisdiction
lnternational Criminal Corut'

42. Lr aclclition to bhe two unclassified

opinions, orÇilffiã-*lother legal opinion :" 111ry::"??:'
t'
tff'"d;';
I
;a#IA.zs (Appendl
\- r t. c ;f ffi:
"f T]-" .?1dï::'^1 l:
CIA's Acting General bottot*t, rliscussed whether the çr1gLs,:1Ït"
of EITs i:r interrog"ti"g Abu ZubayclahrvouJ'{.violate
et,l*t tU-
prohib i bi on on toitr¡r'u I ft,u opiniol conclude d ütul 1t : :{"TÏ::1
ibrr Zubayduh would rìot víolate the torh-rur-e statute.bei..lTt?:j11ilg
other .thingu, Agur,.y pu.roo,tel : (1) woulcl l: t tq :tilitly ilf:1.1:
. *ff.ting, and (2) rvould not Ìn fact inflict severe
pain or suffering.
"i

43. %sEl[ This oLC opiniolwas based uPol't

specific ,.pr"ãæ/ cIA con.ce*it g the marmer ínwhich EIl's
ôodd be àpplied in the irrterrogation of Abu Zubaydah' For "no
last
example, Of.C rn¿as told that the EIT "phase" lvould,iikely
,,rore than several days but corricl lasf up ¡o thirty dl't."
The EI'Is
..
woulcl Lre used on "arr as+reeded basis" ancl ali would not necessarily
"in sc¡me sort of
be used. Further, the Eil-s \Â,ele expecteci to be trsecl
not
escalaiing fashion, cuiminating with the wateÏboard though
the ElTs
nu.urrurñy encüng with this te-chniqtte." Although some of

of conduct, although a single incident coul<l constihtte tolttlre'

ol'c aiso noted that coults may
the level of "severe pain and
be willing to find , *ia" ,i"!u of physical p.T l.n rise to
only acts "of art
rrffÃgi' Ultima tely, f,å*J".r, öf.ê conåudecì fhat the cases show that
renedy for tclrture"' lYhite House
extreme nature have be!¡r reclressed under the TVPA's civi'l
Counsel Memoranclum at22 -?-7.
24 p / lriouo) olc opinion by John C. Yoo, Deputy Assistant Attorney General oLC
(1Ausust2002).
,utu*EN{e¡norandumfor}olrnRizzqActingGeneralCotrrrsetoftheCentral
fr,teìngm[ã-.Ç, "Interrogation of ai Qaida Operatiye' (1 August 2002) at 15'
 ,;i'{''_- .'
::.t-r

îÕp-s$e*år/

I
i" ;il;;
rnightbeusedmorethanonce'.'Tu'repetitionr¡'illnotbesuìrstantiaì
l" J
ar ter ti"""' s ev er a

b e c ar', e tr''. t.'n'ii'q'åö;; 1q

that:
it rvas explained
*utu'to*d'
repetidonr." witttî;;J;"
tr-tu

. ' . tire incrividuar

is bouncr ::'"fÏåi:ff:tr*iîi:t';;;'Ïìi
ir,¿i"i¿''¿'s feet are 8:ne1tttg""ili;i,iin' ãi'i' t"
is then apli:'åiti.';t;Ïì:ä ^untir it
forehead
""iï;;'-\i/^ter
cont¡otied *unnu''
As this O
1'-""å;ä tää"t¡ is saturated ar"td
.

:Ïå: iî*"'Til"h i"î"' îr.I" ão now is sri ghtlv -

i:ffiì#lï io'u'on¿'.¿""'å til P;tt:"" "l llå;:ilïöi
* '"Jöìå iì ã"ü"" ¿':ä:ÏJï:;5;ålllllÏ;;u .'n"
reshictecl
car*es
"'iJå'i
Iti::riilirïäij+r:ipåru***rf
"suffocation and inc\:ient Poil?
:Ì:iå-"å,:
îrrngr. During those
*.iår'i",i t",
u-re indivic{rral does ""lb':1t::;i;i;;;;il.¿ rl.il l lreight of It2
it
20 to 40 secónds'-wa'.": ::,11äi"-.tå,i'tå tified' and thc
erro:/.
io 2+j inclres' After this f

iî,Hif#llitr"g$
w a ter is""' :i::ä)åï
usuallv o pp-lild ft

""io*"ti "
3-

iåËiää'i'ff
cirowning' [Ilt
i$;ffii'ffi'*Håiîfr:
tlr is likelY that
applicatioir'
¡'t u"y ott"
than 20
'it'*ltt
Finally,.theAgenqP':Ì:1ì::1:Jf#åhîi:î,îli':t;it'":-:::,,.
*t-tol:'Ë;;"#;;
¿t ., /rtruy,tal-t and rvitln rhat the use of E1'fs
the SERE program
psychologi"î'î*ttted with oiC reliecl on these ot
*t"tii"h-;:
æ'*
that no oirvsical lra¡n
woulci. cause no iong
its cäctusion
representutioï] toìîpport on him.f the
run.rraï."ii frorn t'e uit
j|.ir., r.ãiå
orotonged z¿

Ë;;;;itl"ding tne waterboard'

ffi
IT"äi.àtîn;iìnt ieportea sophistication
as
,i:i,':*îitîl:!:tlii*:!ï*:#Ë:,
'.*¡ ì"ìr* oLC opínion' 'ln retrospect' based on u ç -i.-ry arr
or uÌ:
l. of t¡rs EIT was"uit*llutu
*¿ that the powerr-H'j
it retared to the warerliorå, exp
aPPre.ra ouurr,ored in rhe

ir* snnn !åyaorofistliruerrogators

otr

olufs contends thatthe

ilËï;,ñimore,
 -1:i-i-ii i,lai.-.

44. %Smj oGC conrinLlecl to consult ivith DoJ as rhe

CTC Interrogation frogrâm and the trse of EITs expandecl beyoncl the
interrogatioñ of Abu Zubaydah. This resulted in ihe producfion of
or, ondutud and unsigneddocu:nrent er-rfitled, "Legai Principles
Applicable to CIA Dãtention and Inte'rogation of Capture
Aî--ea,ida persorur.e1."27 According to OGC, ihis analysisryas 91f
coordinated witlr ancl drafted in substantial part by OLC. In adclidort
to'reaffirmilg the previous conclusions regardíng the torhrre stafute, '

ihe analysís ånciúdes that the federal lVar Crimes statute, 18 U.S'C'
2441, does not appty to Al-Qa'ida because members of that grouP aÎ--e
not entitled to ptito.t.t of war status. The anllysis adds that "the
[Torh:r'eJ Convention permits lhe use of [cruei, inh'uman,
or
degfacling treaffirentl in exigent circtrmstances/ such as a national
u*lutgut^t.y or waf." It also states that the interrogation of Al-Qa'ida
tlu*b"rs d.oes not violate the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendrnents
because those provisioru clo not aPPly extrater:rítoria!, nor ctoes it
violate the Eighth Amendinent because it only applies to persons
upon rvhom.ti*irrut sancLions have been irnpclsed. Filrally, the
anatysis states that a wirle range of BITs a¡rcl other techniques rvould
not ccxrstituie concluct of the type that woul.d be prohibitecl by tl-re
Fifth, Eighth, or Fou¡teerr'ûr.Amencltnents evelÌ lvere they to be
applicable:
'Iihe use of the following techniques and of comparable, approved
techniques cloes nOt violate any Federal statute or other law, s'here
the CIÁ interrogators do uot specifically íntend to cause the
detainee fo urclergo severe physical or mental pain or suffering
(i.e., ihey act with the good faitl'ì.lreltef that their conduct rvill not
cause such pain or suffering): isolation, reduced caloric infake (scl
long as the amount is calculated to maintain the general health of
the cletainees), deprivation of reading material, loud music or lvhite

the waterboard v,¡as probably nrisrepresented at the time, as the SERË rvaterboa¡cl experience is
so differcnt from the snbsequent Agency usage as to make it al¡nost irrelevant. Consequently,
according to OM$, there rvâs ao a príori reason to believe thaf appllng the waterboard wiih the
frequency ancl intensity'rvith rvhich it'r.r'as usetl by the psVchologist/irrterrogators was either
eflicacious or med.ically safe.
,zhqm..LegalPrinciplesAppIicabtet<lÇI,¡!Qe!n!!onandlnterrogationof
aop*rffii rersonner, ¿rracneu,o-ilffi*.r u J ur is ¿uvJi.

bnspensv
 avoid damage t9
tle
level calcullt-di
noise (at a decibei

tlffñ$$,firåg¡5$ii#j*gr+-#-
diaPers, the ul

G C' this an a $ T-:it itî ;åt:iîiäliiä: î^

Acco r crirrs,g g t?¿l "
fä#;ãJt,*i,r,econcritiorrsthat
f*äå:lg,::i;i:î'"1fi
in that oPinion'
;J;;;.iried
wrfl Exncurwr¿'vo Co¡¡cREssIoNÂL
Norrcr ro /1¡lD colvsutrÂTloN
OETTCTALS

45:
fiåiob' Tht uct
üre legatitY of E ;äJ#tratioriof
p"uóä'ri ánd senio' legal o f f icìals on
the
wìth NSc ï^.r"*äîäiitv *1
'

brief ed un n, "n
ï"î* åiiå
proposed*"'Ifr ioärulioruoo'"i*öi'"îÏ'{îå3:i"#iin"t
Oversight Comrn
Ïntelligerrce
ãf tflu Congress'""^f and EITs'
both standarcl iåtfrrliqots
tltgiîÎî,#;ïîf:it
*a Fs# F
early ?'90?'
tontinueó to inform
tury9
of the G"ou'utffiill'
t t"t"*'l ;;
i; tÌt; cT c ? r o g r am' Th
officïals^^u*lîäilüor.r.îcã"g'essionalOversight
e

c o mmitteu' " iuì t:tr''ä'''-

actions'
of and apProve CIA's
Agency'p"t'f'JuTy*uotø*ti''"î'uürattheseofficialsandthe
u*ä.
Conrmitre.,åffir;J* ir. Hotrse
**l"twithwhite
TTre Gener^r #ä;iãigg^iî" rpîr.
co'nser*d;ff;;,,¡äñsci:iiär;;.*l'-iiffiål?iîil'ir.u
co*tr beøirning in Decern
and offict ;;;i Detention and
"f u"¿ u'u"¿'r1uJrlilu"crc's
them on the
"oit
lnterrogation Prb granr'

EsE)
¿2.
t'"t'""ï;;;;iÃfruiß
.tt-??* L:
Representatilel :f and the General
e s ence
::i
1i'-
;:i ñ;i' l:o"
*"
pru,.,i..år*I"ui'.:::"",::_::ii##;i,ilrnterigelc:,-.
ä. *tt '"**;iltïTærd o r,t\e

bo.o*el,continu' .,
'Co.u.wel, :corrtinued
P-r
to bner "J*'r"p
--^ ^for"n.
use o detentions1n I
deteptions.n February
on the "ncl
õ;;;ùi t Comrnittees
,.ïË.1 iffiæ,æ:'":g:=l rÊi1!.*-;:-Ér-rri

and. March 2003. The General Counsel says that none of the
participants expressed any concem about the techniques or the
Prograrn.

48. On29 Jrtly 2003, the DCI anct the General

Corrnsel proviclecl a-¿ãtaiied briefing to selected NSC Principals on
CIA's deiention and interrogation efforts involving "lúgh value
d.etainees,,, to include the expanded use of EIfs.2S According to a
Memorandum for the Record.preparedby the General Counsel
followin¡5 that meeting, the AttorneyGeneral confirmed ihat DoJ
of the expanded use of various EFfs, including multiple
^pptonuà
a!!hcations of theìvatêrboard.2e The General Counsel said he
bãiieves everyone in abtendance was aware of exactly what CIA rvas
doing with réspect to detention and interrogation, ancl approved of -
the effort. According to OGC, the senior officials were again briefecl
regarcling the CTC Program on 16 September 2003, anc{ tl're
lnieltigence Committee leactership was briefed again in September
2003. Ág.ain, according to OGC, none of those involved in these
ìrriefürgs expressed any reservations about the! program.

G wn nN cnoru c/uÏruRr/ "ETEMrroN/,{ND INTERRo GrtrIoN

49, Guidance ancl traÍning are Éunclarnental

to the success and integrity of any endeavor as operationally,
politically, and legalLy complex as the Agency's Deterrtion and
Irrterrogation Program. Soon afterg /tI, the DDO issued Fuid
the standards for of terrori

50. The DCI, in Janua.ry 2003 approved

formal "Guidelines on Confinement Conditions for CIA Detainees"
(Appenctix D). and "Guidehnes on hrterrogations Conducted

(U//FOUO) Memorandurn for the

Tü¡SE$RE.I/
 t-ì::E -+:!t ^-"

-!-;..tirl r;.3::1--:::j';-'r:'

Tõr,:st¡er+gl/

ffiH
briefings ancl eì r'-'c trt'** ::
tieltt
;ï:ì"':Ï;'
Håuaqi.^rters, to the

t
.orrrr.rroi@

rroi-sr.etur;
I
I
I
:

i
I

!
I
 ;;
manage detentior.

Tffi*'or,v 2oo?'

iõrsr-lffiFr-'
 '[hey urus[
review uideli.nes and si grnerrt thattheyhave
done so.

. 59. !s¿El Th* uCI Gricleli*es s^pcr:ifv legal

"mirtimums" alcl reqtrire th¡t "dr.rc proi'ision ¡nrr$t be takcn to protect
the health and safety ol'alì CIA clel¿rinees." I'lio C,r.rideli.nes clo not
require ûrat conctittons ci f co rrf i rrt-:¡rrcrt t ;r t tirt: cle tr:¡r l i on facil.i ties
conform to U.S. prison or other stancl¿rrcls. At a rni:ü¡nuur, itolvever,
detention facilihes are to provicle'basit: levels of rrre.ciical care:

Further, the guidelines ¡:ror,ide thai:

 D CI lnterrogation Guideline$
cTc and oGc
to
60. (È/Ê{'EI Prior Ianyat12003'
disseminatuag,,iåi;.Jïi^å^ur",:.äi|.,îffi ilf ;lå:ffi ;T{i"-"
o g a dons
äJ-to^u u' *', îS;ääitråi* A;;. *uã w ¿ i'.rsintoo d' o r
u
terr

Ç"ttty *^i'19::" qement *o"t *lv"il"J

t"1 a,. urd,e
;;""s" an atlÎ; *itÉ ti',. g*¿*'åT'åiTj"¿" No1 did the
led Agencv

agreed to comPlr
rnaintâin"'"#:il:T'i:.i'-:T:"-ti"ái"i¿"^tswhohadbeen
cedu'es'
iìiätii"" i'iioi s gu tion pto

engaged

üle aPyßLqv¡Y ffi:f;

ã,,i¿.ü*.,,,.."Jî*offi:ilrr';ffi * å;iff,i*entation'
and have completed

6z (sfÊffir rhe DCI Ii:T^:îåf"åfäïöïn1;ff .,,

ï,iffi"',f :;in::';fi*ffi'w * "'î'îi

ana o ürer

personneiacrinsä;J'*ùl;-!*liliiiå:fäJ-:'iîiffi -".,
l#n::; J;ff'ä:' ä "i'rrhanced
::*:f,'åI"åf

EïtrE#REll
 ìöpseengÏ/

Techrrtiques."33 EITs require advance approval from Headquarters, as

clo standard techniques whenever feasible. The field must d.ocument
the use of both standard techniques.and EITs.

63. h$,f rhe DCI Intenogation G*idelines define

"standard interrogátioñtãcluúques" as techniques that do not
incorporate significant physical or psychologicai pressure. 'Ihese
techLrriques include, but are not iimited. to, alllawful forms of
questioning employed by U.S.Iaw enforcement a-nd military
interro ga tion p ers orurel, Amon g s tærdar cl interrogation tecluiques
are the use of isolation, sleep deprivation not to exceed 72 hours,u
reduced caloric intake (so long as the arnoturt is calculatecl to
maintai¡r the general health of the detainee), deprivation of reading
.material, rtse of loud music or white noise (at a decibel level

T
calculated to avoid damage to the detainee's hearing), the use of
for limited not to exceed 72 hours
moderate
Ps Pressure. fion Guidelines do not
specifically prohibit irnprovised actions. A CTC/Legal officer has
saicl, however, ihat no one may emplgy any technique outside
sp ecifically identified stand ard tecluúques without Headqu arters
approval.

0¿.ìæD Efi-s inelude physical actions and are

defined as ."techniques tlrat do incorporate physical or psychological
pressure beyond Standard Tedmiquès." Headquarters must approve
the use of each specific Em in advance. EITs may be employed only
by trained and certified interrogators for use with a specific detainee
ancl with appropriate medicai and psychological monitoring of the
Process.3s

33
!¡fte 10 approved EITs are descibed in the textbox on pãge 15 of thls Réview'.
,u̡s[AccordingtotheGeneraICourrsel,inlateDecember2003,theperiodfor
sleep deprivation was reduced to48 hotus.
35
lrs¡[¡ BeforeEffsa¡e ad
 r';t "'^"' - '
j: :i'r: :
tnr!-',F r" ':i¿ri;>{
!:î,?::.1 ttíE-â!s.=)::: '

Meclical Guidelines idelines for'

gutoeutrso '"-
OMS prepared.draft
65. ,oororr-t@
medical a+d

;ñFF)
gations
Training for Interro
t

66.
f:n btroveinb:t 11T" fi
1
certifY

'-

!i

. -:.¡
inclucling a for¡lrer SËRE inslrttctgr, clesignecì the crtrriculttnr, tr'irich
i:rcluded a u'eek of cl"ìssroon'r instt¡lqtion foliorvecl
"hancls-ott" hailring i.¡r EITs,

Onie certified, an
interrogato¡: is .1u=gg4 ualifiecl to corrcluct 4nfnlgrrogalion
lovins EITs.
 l!i¡tt::-:;:':"'.
+F-.æ?i!rç{ftl

comPly

acknow te*$' tcr "'lttogutio" Guidelines'

vs---
rvith the DCI's lnterrogartu*

6s
course for Agenc
#n";if i'ii*!,p he,å a debriefing
är"'u*r'u

.üä;;.,-d:1,.ff)îft1'#il:+Ë"u'Ti"*li:å"li^*
deemed "comPlt
non-interr"s{"äti'åu"L'ti:L1|;:il'g1:ffif
dv' rhe cou* -
åft#*i:"'
ää.i,.ã; *" cp us i tr-,. I,s*",ï.f; i:ll*. o. t
to
c

i:Ë*;;i'*:;;ilJil"f.ï::; "rt

Interrogatio+ L
illiåiiiï¿^*+@

I
t

ÎõPsÊeFr{U
Ê
t.¡:,.';r.'è!3!i!ü"iì !;;t

ri-irrstgagJ

@ffi**rt'l{,W't

15 Notcrnìrer

":'::'ll:i
alithori
tïre lrecess¡rt¡ I le¡'lc'ìlt¡rtcrs

1:.I1.

fP-\"c+Elr
 îöPST!RËIJ

psychologist/interrogators began Al-Nashiri's intenogation Phg

his itttr,idiately rrpóo his arrival. At-Nashiri pnovided lead
infor¡nation on otler
inJor¡nation terrorists dllrqg
other terronsts IISI oay
ruq first
during his day or interrogation'
of utler'
On the fwetfth day of interrogatio"npsychologtstl
interrogators adnijnistered two appGtions of the waterboard to
Al-Nasiiri during two separate inierrogation sessions. ffig:^.g¡
in år Xr-Ñ"tr.[i.o"ut tiuough 4 Decernber 2002f
".d

Videotapes of Interrogations

zz. tFs[¡ Heaclquarters had intense interest in

"'\'*-r - r
keeping ab¡eàst of all aspects of Abu Zubaydah's interrogationf
Üincluding compliance with the guidance provide{ !o ltte
ï"iffi
;ite to the uãe of Éns. Apart ftgE l$grlgguY.tl TÍ before
äi ;:'åi;d,; äJ #i;öffi ï;;,äËË; e cided ro

videotape the interrogation sessions. One initial purpose was to

ensure a record of Abu Z;.fuayda'n's medícal condition and freahnent
should he guccumb to his wo-unds and questions arise about fhe
medical care provided. to himby CIA. Another puqpose was to assist
in the pteparåtion of the debriefíng reports, although the team
advised itCTfegal that they rarely, if ever, were gtgd for that
pirrpose. There ireg2videotapes,L2 oÍ,whicS ínclùde EIT
ãpp1icaUons. An OGC attorney revíewed the videotapes'in
Ñovember and. Decembet 20t2to ascertain compliance with the
August2002 Do] opinion and compare what actuallyhappened with
what'çvas reported to Headquarters. He reported that there was n0
deviation from the DoJ grridance or the written record'

78. OIG reviewed the videotapes, logs, and

cables ffi-.y 2003. OiG identifiect 83 waterboarcl
alrlr]ications most of which lasted less than L0 seconds.rr

ålJk"î,iii.Yï;î;;i*tifli""ål]'åi:nccnstit'lrtedeacrr

TCIr"sË!Rnt/
 iüÌÎ:;i:"' "'
i=+;iå!ã'¿';';;ål

ît'-r--errl

gauon

fu*um::
'"ffii'r;ffi:ï:i
fi*íl;:ilfïffi
& ZI-ßuu¡¡ yvr¡v--
YYeÙ not
.flell was
that
[ffi3^":1"'.-waterboar"sessions'
LrL!' videotapes.
olr the
Y-'- l¡ed. on
rrvv captureo
Y^e-- -

*n**;,ffi #:Hfr:ï"î'ffi
gru*mç¿t*ä:îili"rrrru;tly;'xn*'-
o:"* ío'hu

"d;
á*ä Ë:Yoäff ':itr#ii #,"'-. r{ i:f#ffJi iiå'
ïlå:ff ""í,tr#Jï..^rrqu,,ug*th"iotu"or"";ïå;îtrasltrr3^
rur-;"nît'*.
olwater to a cloth,that-co::rr:1J:;räJ*g"cl that'the
ir.'"f'v"ry'?ri'J'ä:åå"å:'ff ïåï;;5EREï.o*'u"d
:irffi:.'"5$ä
Agency's use

it is "ror
of the teclrniqut ilÍ';*tbecause
explained rn* *îïä"-ry' "tdö;
'àrrcl i* tutd c'onvincing'
real"
^oiå"po!ant

80.
2003
f,Septembut
a

ñ"-ftt-*-oClContinemeru"**I!å;t*"sspecif
drat
icaily
äitÏ"*ã, the addítional
"oa

îü'w#Rgil
 ItlP-ffit,,

addressing reqrrirements ior OñfS persr-lmel. This servec! to

strerrgthen the conìr)r<ìhrl .r.ncl conh'ol e:tercisc,J over the (lTC
Program.

Baclcgro uud ¿lrci fJ e t,ri ne cs

T-OFSEGRST/
 !
i

lorst!*Pr/

,l i

--:
4 .. __

=
Torst*ErJ
.*-ä i#l*-ã-1Íå;Ërä*ìïi;"ä=: l#i'.-:ês-':::,::.,..-- - ...i:;?::.¿t t::.i:.:-'L.n:--...,...

îöTrñ!REri

Guidance Prior to DCI Guiclelines

89.
nth.As"gEIJgg¡
briefings and cables
¡g.viding legal and operational
that contained HeadÇluartersl
guidance and dÌscusseãEe toirure statute and the Dof legal opinion.
CTC had alqo established a precedqnt of detailecl cables between
and Headquarters regarding th9
inees. The written guidance did
not address ihe fou¡ standard interrogation techniques that,
according tCI CTC/Legal, the Agency had identífied as early as
November20A2.sß Agency persorurel were authorized to employ
standard interrogation techniques on a detainee without
Headquarters'prior approrral. The guidance did not specifically

ælSf+¡eUne four standa¡d interrogation tecÌrniques ¡.¿ere: (1) sleep deprivation not to
exceed 72 hours, (2) conhnual tae of light or clarkness Ín a cell, (3) loud music, and (4) white noise
ftackgouncihun),
 adclress the use
of props to imprv "
ÏHï:*$:ïÏî i*ryi*-f
i¡f i#ffi*t;**Xnru"ffixl;",flms.'miäJu
to enstue that'9er111
were in place
orr rhe existing
roinr*a poli.y guidance'
ed Techni ques
d' or U ndocument
S p ecif ic Un authorize

f"ffi äîirfftryp'åff.",:r:;l:"
iÏi*?äoieïiiååff ä;*f;*iåruççïffi :'å:'"å'."f."
durirrg the Revi
,**x***r*çgg$ffiffi"*ry;"e
'î::i:tr;#':iT#r,tr"l,TtrË:äry:*'['rlil"s11..,
\
I

\
ïij"
tf-tãy aia not
ra¡alraut separate

Drill
u
".

Handgun and' Power

t
I,
(

t ffiessAl-Ì'Jashiri'
;lh
': ol-Yi$f;
i
*.^fl 'I'he debrier"t-39:::¡:É
u-^'
{i withholding in f orrna
norl¡ ir L w -G. r
ffiffi. between
I
handcuJ
i',re. and'
ryil..'
.)
''l ",.ì
Ë
4

*tz
i
28 Decemb et2}02aIrd l January 2003,the debriefer used an
unload.ed serrLi-automatic harrdgun as a ProP to frighten Al-Nashiri
into disclosing informafion.¿+ Àfter discussjng thiJplan withE
EU.u ctebi{efer entered the cell where Al-Nashiri sat shackled ancl
t^ck"d fhe handgun once pr twice ciose to Al-Nashiri's head.as On
rvhat was pr'obabty the same day, the debriefer used a Power drill to
frighter"r ei-i.ttasniti. WithEI consent, the debriefer ente red
the detai¡ee's ceil and rewed the clrillwhile the detainee stood
naked. and hooded. The debriefer clid not touch Al-Nashiri lvith the
power dri1l.

93. ìS!NRI Theiland

clebriefer clicl uot request
authorization or reporl the use of these unauthorized bechniques to

ruï#îHïï'#Hif; 3,3illa:i*ä'.ï:åRå1i'*"
-Headquãrte?s. OIG investigated and refen'ed its findings to ihe
Criminal Division of DoJ. O¡ LL septerfibet 2003, DoJ declined to
prosecute a¡rcl tumecl. these matters ovet to CIA for disposition.
These fircidents are the subject of a separate OIG Report of
lnvestigation.a6

Threats

94,
same Headquarters debriefer
was present, tlueatened Al-Nashiri by saying that if he clid not talk,

in here." Th del¡ riefer reportedly wanted Al-Nashj.ri

to infer, fot p@g"ìËsons, that tñe debriefer mightbil
ElinieLiiÊenceofficer based on his Arabic ciialect, an¿ UraiRt-
Nashiri was in custody because it was ividely beiieved in
Middle East circlës-iñat interroga Lion tectur-ique involves

44 (S7fN¡FJ This individual was not a trai¡red interrogator and rvas not autho¡ized to we EITs'
a5 {U//FOUO¡ Racking is a mechanical proceclure used wjth firearms to cha{r¡ber a bullet or
simulate a bullet l¡eine cñambered.
a6 pl/Nü) unauthoiized lnterrogation ru.noit r.rf, 29 october 2003'
'''.t.:t.
:) i?il:È:.i':'¿r. :ti :

fror-rt of the detai¡ee' The

relativglin familv' rhe
sexually abusing femaie
ctebriefer denjed
#ätÑ he ias
,niîuîã ^l-l'l1i*;h;*ennis "'ii:i::Tiito
**",***iffi ftffi
oruo ^ã'-'*31u0ï*''o
debrierer ;;tt" ffi'; but let
from
l're
is or¡tn c
Ai-Nas

tor, one
"l-th"-

ffiætt"T erePott
t¡uf .ePort did not
-t* of the Ë
iiffi-. . hacl been
EffieatT

"*ãi"^,á-*hat the law

Srnoke
r Aiencl

r claime c,

ffiffi'ö"üiliî,,ïö'f,Ì:xxffi
"åî;'ã; ,ã".o" il'ñ; ;ü T9"1l*3*:iJi:t
nrev clicl this to sarc
This irttertogator
;
i'.térrogu*" ¿tqli":å î;'t'**¡1 *riatm''
"iJJrt' turolher Agency
d.o this aguirt uu'åiä du¡ine two sessrons
interroga,o' u¿"Iää
t{;nt ut'o''äoîtJtiguts
wiihAr-Nashiritomaskry',11'{X$:i;;Ï;*u¿u:i*u¿hedid
f ace

îå||fi#ïffi ;ï.;ili-"i,,,o,qr-srasrriri's

'{iT'í
 a?F¿ | i#-?ãgriår.ì*.-;-ir::.*î:Li ti*j-¡:¡:-i:,i-::,: :.;

Stress Positions

97. OIG received reports that interrogation

team membeñìñ!To¡ !otentially injuriorrs sfress positions on
Al-Nashiri. Al-Nashiri ivas required to kneei on the floor ancl lean
back. On at least one occasion, an Agency officer reportectly pushecl
Al-Nashiri backward whjle he lvas i:r t!js stress positio4.-On another
occasl0l'ì sa.id he had to intercede afte
xpressed concern the!:\I-Næhili's arms might be
dislocated from his shoul<t"tt.Eexplainecl thai, at the time,
the intenogators were attempting to put Al-Nashiri in a standing
stress position. Al-Naslúri was re!ortedly lifted off the floor by his
arms while l-ris arms were.bound behind his back with a belt'

Stiff Brush and Shackles

98. terrogator reported that

l-re wibress ashiri that the
ínterrogator k¡rew were not specífically approved by DoJ' These
includecl the use of a stiff brush ürat was intended to induce pain on
Al-Nashi¡i and standing on Al-Nashiri's shackles, which resulted in
cuts and bruises, VViren questioned, an interrogator who was al'
nacknowledged^that they usecl a sliff ü'.rsh to bathe
Al-Nashiri. He described the brush as the kíncl of brush one uses in a
batlr. to remove sfubborn dirt. A CTC nranager who had heard of the
incident atflibuted the abrasions on.Al-Nashiri's ankies to an Agency
officer accidentally stepping on Al-Nashiri's shackles while
repositioning hirn into a stress position.

Waterboard Technique

99. The Revíew determined that the

interrogators used the waterboard on Khalid Shaykh Muharnmad in
a manner inconsistent with the SERE application of the waterboard
¿rnd the description of the waterboard in tl're DoJ OLC opinion, in that
the technique was used on ]Cralid ShayldrMuhammad a large
number of tinnes. According to the General Coursel, the Attomey
-...r./
Genera,".*î'tf,îË,[ijiïì';åi';:î:ï'*;Ï{:'#i;J'i:"
and tl
waterboard
u',ijî"u"1::lylå:å'*:ïå.:il"':$f:r*l:"1':$ii'sona
lfttonrLtrcr rrr" "
-- '
Genéra] was
single individual'
¿g|Tqtr) ïhet:l-(.ürrn!(.',íi.1¡tt.JIÅuti¡riltr.ì1 s:.¡te¡.'¡cth-,'..'.ll:ì,r,ir¡.1\
informerl us ih¡t it is trl:rly rhat tiris etJu¡t" 1..ç¡terL.Lr.¡¡(ìl ',tculd ñrìt l,ìJt r'¡',ùie tit¡¡r lÜ r:',rn,.¡tes
in anv one aoolic¡tion."
 i=
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53 hç.I l'l.,e írrsr ses:¡on ¡:f the i¡',i*i¡..g¿rioìì cûirrs¿'regi:r in ì\-o'trni['tr ?i:02 :'t'tr
paragrapìrs ó,i-03
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153,

154.

É:' 1r

-ïûfrÈJ-R
 ,;-,.'Èj: i#j+É1,-;;:.o.È'-.;Í:: ::1ì:l-' !:ar':Í; ¡ ; jj i:. ..
i;"*;:î¡-+i+=ri+,q+g,,.1¡t;'a+ili:;!t:-.::'i,:,,,¿-¡' ;

T(.li-si*i¿
'i

i'.
¡l
^l
:l t,
I
ì
î.t
.11

ii. i:
;r
.::i!
j;:il
:¡.il
:ìl

ri.;
ìili
titìl
iti$

irit
lllìli

O
\o
a¿
CI.
u-)

: r'l:--lili

irli iì1
I

!
 Specifïô Unauthorized
or U"ry
as brtt

,ou,tss . ti that '

out"tt't investigations
irtto

165.
TL oIG opened separate

ata fla-seql":
iffi¡*
lffirx"ruiäí".ö,'i:î
cases
In other " Tiä"u.Jo*, or
^g_t-l rakenby emproyees
äï:"lJ,t'åiååffi:il"re*Y:::,i:*'Ãå.*r.tå"J'ål,neacrions
îãiC^**' "l tolffåïåï'å::iiiä'äo u:tio'ív' o"
managernenthas

Pressure ?oïnts

166.

ffiåIi."
tedlY

õ¿ a "Prêsoute
dgta¡rrcc !
detainee's rr"v^r'-rF
neck'
tid artery,
to restrict the det¿

*
Hæ iåä**-:#;¿:ttl¡f{-ãËl !ä?#j'.'.+::¡;,:+-r:=,'¿+''¿r lf-:t'" 'ii:i;':i.'L

ho was
t67.
facing
taLAL! the
Llle shackled detairtee,
s¡(sv¿\wr
his eyes to the Point
the
that the detainee would nod anã s¡¿rt to pass ouf then,
hook the detainee to wake hirn' This
td of tty": uP.Pli'11:".: 1:tÏl',';
":,fl':
ledgøito oIG that he laid \ands
he was going to lose
o noted"thatie hafl
íecäntly haã never been instTi¡cted how to conduct interrogations'
reportréd
16S. (!risg) c{c management now a\4¡are of this
js

incident, the severiÇ of which rias disputgd' TlTT.of Pt:t:llT ., -

advised the
is not, a.rrd had not beçry authorLed, and CTC has

Mock Executions

=- --
-

ffib1T1o.j*.,1J:1"
fire handgun outside
a interrt the
was ínterviãwine a deteuee.l¡iho.was thought tobe withholding

ä:ää;'il"ffi
*t"."^ Uor',. rt Es ta ge d the incident, which incl¡¡$$
äiü'";h;; ån ä¡r''ài" " ap
ftn*
guard.s, ihe gu"ards moved the d.etainee from the'interrogation
íoo*, they passed ã grrard who was dressed as ahc¡oded detainee,
tying motionless on úu gto..*d, and made toappear as if he had
been shot to death.
 r*irk
it.
u?t"t incident' L1"lli-1"äì,i"-n¿:e.*"q"e t9 indt

ffiil+s*ä',*äî:i
in fronr 'ru *-trrrir"d notify Ïl
(rr
to
believe he rvas ret d mocr
ä*:;
:iting ;h;
the eatlier'
earuer¡ trLurv¡z----
iuaePorte
. ^_^oorinn* otfi.arG

-rHå
î:n#m*i'*'r**iåtrååJJ:i,!*^.:."^n
î:i,iiiüJ#"'ï:E-:*"1,^iåiffii1ffi:uii!/L'git'
and
o "T:11
admitted staging to the
rzz. ("¡/¡ffIJhe ii"Ë';ãigor$s
,
ä..":ÈE¡ryof showing'^":",iïìr^;äiõinterrogato'¡ii

.iåffi;ut eorploving,i"lffi *"rd;i ã..rrrt"d. or ir

,'iãG--uo¡t¡ornlovtnsa'Y^';;tä;i.::":L:1;J.'jJ:y;Tur,.,o,
^.,
it *.1:,
.

I
ä".*,*f i;î'il:äffi'äåi'ä'lä;.';itecnvet
;
believable'
I
I

i
:

'I
it

5i
 .,:"ä i 1ffi5-.'":*::¡:-:+::G:i:r:Êi1

173.
o were interviewed admitted

described staging a mock execution of a detainee.

Repo ! a cletainee who wihessed the "body" in fhe aftermath of
the ruse "sang like a bird.:'

L74, revealed th4t approximateiY

stated he
had conducied a mock October or
Noverr.rbe r 2002, Reportgdly, rhd ffiã discharged outside of
the building, and it was done because the detainee reportedly
poSgggqgd .;tical threat information+stated
that he told
not to do it a He stated that he has not heard
of a sirtila¡ act occturing ince then.

Use of Smoke

175. ctA

cigarefte smoke was once as an interrogatíon teelrnique in

\,LL(JL,EI LVV¿-. I\'-T,'UILELLI-V, AL LILE IçL]LTgùL -'-

ffie frorn a thin cigarelte/cigar in the detainee's

face for aboutfive minutes. The detainee stqrted talking so the
smoke ceasecl, heard that a different
officer had used smoke as an interrogation technique. OIG
questioned numerous personnel whã hacl workedlFrbout
the use of smoke as a technique. None reported any knowledge of
-{he use of smoke as an interogation technique.
176.
Emitte d that he has personally used smoke
i¡halation techniques on detaine'es to make them ill to the point
where theywould start to "purge." After this, in a weakened state,
 iffiffi-*ri'. ti:':';n\

thes e detaineesgg¡|flS¡
informatioo/" o has'
abusing detainees

Use of CoId

Inlate
d.etainee*u''ilt"='*o*"0

**n**n+X*it'"ffiå*.ffigîffiï'npran
period' The plæt
lrtÇrLrçtç*
*.ä*o-week
VcI ab.v ' ..'i *'
Lev et D eprivali::"äj|rï;.o,|:
physi cal c omlott î'îiË
í"äJ,ä"üui'*".rplrvsicar
:TffiË#.1,ïiff:ïJ:H'ff
ä;;*î;'-P5,'5l:#äfiå:::
merltal/traine

crcLes'.fï:*"åäåiË:Ë^:î'î:iäî,äåf #f11i{:"
empl oying the "tïä'rä; r' ¡tev'--'
ooil. o,
detainee'sldis.comrorr crtr'ço :

I
ì

ì
 j r

:'"""'"";ëjæJ \iÉii¡¡"ai''r3-.
11'

if##:t'::
;

;*Êr#-'ær'ai:*æ:l;g+;

,æ.ffi
the use of cold sht

ä:lir:*:ffi1¡fi:^ff;,
ö*"ti..*Tn_t* the ;ä;t"gttot't
u::^o:Plished two
'
;å' u't'o*ur with
ul cooperative, the
a detaineewas
soats
o, .e*o'^'f'{ {î}"vg:*::$*
cold showe¡'
äl;il*ss or ã

1e
784.
s and naked,
dtoom'
er ätion'
;Ïtüi'.-uä;;' trut' d cooP

.iff;
#jm_ :î.*?i:ïLTffi;i*ä ...
uuu,,j,î1
"

asked rhetoricat
I-Ie stated that
ct
fuv^'r'
showers were administel*d * a
feateo ,"frwas left to its
:ftf"ryffiç; fii
the
äîä1ffi-
o" ot-ffi*ation or
e
the
is a cable

îÏå#.ii't*tins Guiu:]*1}Ío "ot

. _L

-- \úr¿rfl Although the Dcr

r¿o. #-*."
a
s.pll*.t2ouc o'a¡r '.-,1':;
rnention cold as
ä,riautiou,o'l¡'r'åiJuìäansv'1*q$:ffi":',:i"ti'i:i"'"r\F )
*'u""'
I
("ppundix
r*:#tr *:';;;Sl¡1t3i:ä'iJ'ì
I
i
:

I
when
{
rheoMs"*0"'i'"i;':"f :::l*n'*:::1ï'Jl":'J:whena
ffi ;;mp ature ranse er
a

#xr*#::'ïiJåi;
J

!
I
{i
I

I
;;;t." wet unclothed'
is or

i ..'

>ì
ii
 iiãåÍtä:Ëå+:';=-..".- :i:ç{+!

Water Dousing
ancl
187.
;Wutut d.*u¡tg" has been used
others who have
ficer introduced
ü..iffiõ;e to Lhe fäcility. Dousing involves 11{*q " **:Tuu
L0 to
down on a!hstic sheet anâpouringwater owerhirn for
maintained
L5 mir.ruter. ¿r..otfrur officerãxplain"ed that the foomwas
at room
atTA d.egrees or more; the gUards trsed water that was
temperaîme while the interrogator questioned the detainee'

TrgE A reviewnlllfiom April arrd

rur
1BB.
O
g,à;"ry õu glìt p ermiss íon"l":l
¿Tfito
^y2O employ r!ffiq"es for a ntrmber of detainees'
lnclucled. in the Uåt o? requested iechniques was water
dorying'zz
techrúques by
1

of the
Subseqrrent cables ¡eporie,t the use and du¡ation
detainåe per interrogutiot session.T3 One ce¡tified interrogator'
noting thät water dousing appeared to be a rnosj effective technique,
,uq.ruîtud CTC to confirm guidulit es On watef dousing' A
rehrn
or sheet,
cable ,ci¡ected that the d.etainee must be placed on a towel
may not be placed naked on the bare cement floor' and the air
temperature must exceed 65 degrees if the detainee.will
notbe dríecl
immediately.

*,,",T3;ffi :L:#ffi :i3;,ï"#än"J

Guid.elines, !owever, ider*ify "water dõusing" as one of L2 standard
as the
measures that OMS listed., inascending degree of intensity,
Llth stand.ard measure. oMS did not further address "water
dousing" in its guidelines.

water dousing as a technique wed, but

in a later parâgrâp
 t :':: ii'':i ¿'::'':::
I t\'':+'': :
'
::l-g¿#:1, ty''t#:>t':':' "'

Harci Takeclorvn

'x3;*, * :nïw
a detainee to the
lïäp'äài1":ln JHffiff"i'ï*'.",case
or

dfitr**,ïuËËËqÍffi î'ï{riåi,:".F..
;;ätty t;
ùã
concrete'. The
Ïux"dgrv 1 rçift
6turyolg$lgi
E*""'uo;;.' used atffi;
;ä;;;á *n¡,11y1*'.iiff :ffi ií ;;ã
"o'i'*o. - . to^ od
*uers
h ar ïr
^.,, that r

ËT1;t mg åïål*:i:iiJåi"lo-

'¿

-.i

.:

t:i
he was going to do a harcl takedown, he mrrst report it to
Headquarters. Although the DCI and OMS Guidelines address
physical techníques and treat them as requiring advance
Headquarters approval, they do not otherwise specifically address
the "hard takedown."

192. tated that he was generally

fasúliar with the technique of hard takedowns. He asserted that they
are authorized and beüeved they had been r¡sed one or nrore times at
Ein ord.er to intimidate ã detaine;. Estated
that he
would not necessarily know if they have been used a¡rd díd not
consider it a serious enough handling tedmíque to regtrire
Headquarters approval. Asked about the possÍbility that a detainee
may.have !gq* dragged on the $ound during the course of a hard
takedownf,respor"rded that he was unaware of that and did

ffi"ndthepointofdraggingsomeone.aIongt1recorridorin
orher Locarions outside of rhe crc
åfrîlffar
not within the scope of the
Ç'I'U lrrogram, fwo other ínciclents
2003.

- As noted above, one

Base76

i57lNilhr ]une z}Ïg,the U.S. milirary sought an Afghan

194.
citizen who had been implicated in rocket attacks on a joint u.s.
A*y and CIA position in Asadabad located in Northeast
Afghanistan. on L8 June 2003,this individuat appeared at Asadabad
Base at the urging of the local Governor. The individual was held in
a detention facility guarded by u.s. soldiers from the Base. During

76
ì$, For more than a year, CIA referred to Asadabad nrruorf
 i ¡ J- '
r'
''¿'t+!ì¡¿l li!¿¿fi:'t"'i'''"-'"'i
!#';i'i';'.';t:"'"' "'*' -
lf,l):: ?-'t: ::
'iã;,;;!:t¿i::-¿' iffiiffiææl*B:'pA

an Agenc¿inde?endent .

individual Y?.'1:"*tcl'
the four days the
conÍractor,who#;;;;u*'rit"v;jf ;ffi ::il*::'-S;ererv
irfr 'tr"1i:tr*!ffiiä:i*",frr:TËi:äîî:"å:ä,.his
d' p er ro rme
;; ;tJ" ùtl' " ".1ït"* o't*t
ín s date *it*'oit
* autop sy
familY on the totl

#,r*-'ffiå!*'x$$ffffi5s¡1;
;"ï;;i;oo" ufi"r tt''e incident' L

.ä.tt*ithDoJ'zz
a
InJulY2003
195.

1:96.
A teacher being *-':."1*F
nrayy,"t--'
inaPPrÇ-riate$'
lG ,<
smiled 4¡51 stocl of his rifle
used thebutt
torso'
PTt asttwice
to strike or "butts r'i"*i'o' rlús
rorrowed uv ,"'uiÏä"ätn5' 'o ""iî:JíT"'ioo'rv^

x*îr*i:;"st4i*******'m:*n:'-'
@ignment'

'i.
,l
i

ji

¿,
t'cir
 t'-i:Û'i l:"-:': '¿::' -!

.-.t.lE-:\
.,..:;':ä.'
A¡'¡¿lvn c LL s [II]P o tìT' To lN'rtn R o c.{ I'f o Ns

zo+.FilL)irectclr¡ter:f]rrtelljqr:trce¡ltl"t]r.sts
assignecltocrcp'o'i.lea'talt'tic.lStr¡r¡rçr¡¡toiltterrLlqati(ltìti..'.ttllsin
the lielcl. A¡ali si.s are l'esp(rrrsihle i1¡¡'¡levelo¡:t-n¡< retlLrireltrcrtL5 ior
the quesiiorlti"rg o! çlutq!'',"àt ut t"ull ut .
some cases,

Analvsts, horvever. dr:¡ noi

@tion of in.terroga iion tr:cluriqltes'
 t,+.!:..,-:... ...,:'- -.'
--.-
\,!llil:;r:.h,:"r:¿iÌ¡i!¡:|:.:':i'

**J:i'hä#'ll:.*ffJå'ä='î':;;"*1::9:S
priorìo initiation
".:it ttäö, *^1r.r
the and experts
was limit"a 1'"slih^;oåi,iä"r" *.
în; ;s;.y ti:Yd adequate
,tr:?t"wlecrse
ffir/*r: to'P
*"1 #:üii:#inx'ftt'm ioãï ;' ui."
Ied "*1:^1:,ÎT:iåäi"ii'ä-"fu
anarvsts
@
åiffiåä"ilk"t@
know'
did

g back

and knew molT:-

.l
 2[:8.

evidencerl in the final rvaterbuard sessiotl o¡ .'1trrr Ztrb¡r'dah.

Accortli¡ß
á\ccoI(¡.ulg to ¿ì ofiìcer, the
CTC oIilcef,
senior ulL
¿r Selliot trÌe irttr:Lrogatiorr teainl
llll-ettull(ttlult tuctlrtl
Itorisiclerecl ;\L.u ZtrLrayctah to Lre conrplialrt ¡ncì t4';'rttetl ir:r

termlnate lllT*c elievecl Abu Zubat'clah coufinr¡ecl to

withhold i n fornration,
 i'.1! lr:Z::: ì,'- -.1.
' )-r'; '

,.,.,.æ) æËÉ

ZubaYdah'

2l

Errrcrrye¡vrss prevented
-ã ts has

rhen-,Jå.t ;".
interrogation hat

i::#:î:lnn**c[$$:*åTç;ffiîg'çtu*,^
äffi:lå"t*"å::*n¡ç6;ç*g¡g*t,*tr'iäiË
th.*ì;;; do"Pt rhat stogt?Ï^ñrïsuuiutti.,e
thé not process and
ts
ä;ä;;tss of EITs' however'
without sorne concern'
caPtuling
When the AgencYbegan
ztz. (
Jå'd'J..Ju'*tn';r*M
!rrorists, managemg!
them off the sheets

e
i##Æl¡;*';.È'F. J,#:;=i#:*{¿*d:::.=;"i,!*:':: ::a:ä; ! ;¿Ë=í=1=jê-:*|¿+9r!..c¡¡_.r: j:-rb
'

mucn more
access to
significant, actiOnable information, the rneasure of success of the
Program increasingly became the intelligence obtainèd from the
detaínees.

zm. "sf, Qúantitatively, the Do has significantly

ineeased the number of counterterrorism intellígence repoftS with
the inclusion of info¡mation from detainees in its custody. Betwee.n
9 /\L and the end of April 2003, the Agency produced over 3,000
intelligencerepÓrtsfromdetainees,Mostoftherepoj1@

t
intelligenqe providecl by the high value detainees at

214. CTC frequently uses the

inforsration from one d.etainee, as as other soutces, to vet the
i::rformation of another detainee. Alttrrough lower-level detainees
provide less information than the high value detainees, information
from tlrese detainees has, on many occasions, supplied the
information needed to probe the high value detainees fuuther.

irtelligence "rovidesì fuller knowledge of AI-Qa'ida activities than

would be possible from a single detainee. For exan-rple, Mustafa
Ahmacl Adam al-Hawsawi, the Al-Qatda financier who was
captured with Khalid Shayl<h Agency's
first furtelligence pertaining to
participant in the 9 /ll tercorist plot. Ffawsawi's
information to obtain additional details abon frorn
Khalid kh Muhammad

215. Detainees have provided

attacks in the
 i:ia!:'-- : - ;_,-::,,:-:.:l:ì :.-:'
'.'1'Èi i&#¡ri?,ï¿i;+:#*;:; :''¿"
¡.:!¡;i;ii'',,+i:t *d¡'; ;; i,

-'

iclentification of
tr
'ffi;îäär,¡lped lead to {he idennr'"ot p* todetonate a
;*'il Y*.#ñ5ffi ii'il:;:d"'Gltlro;'' ^a or New

uranium-toPPeo
î*ü Ci'r, n*ay'ï'ä;*;+"
t'tffiiffiL'iiËi#$,f,:Ëa
lecl to the arrest
of PrevioustY TY
*K;,;;1',31f iJãtt'A'"*',ïiË?:i::HÏimgÈllJ?;""
States' MT{::
inside the Unite'd

iiîî:î;Ë¡¡r*'ï,îüy#ffiflifr ç'=trH'ir^,,
f åånY*Ëü'trx'i'Ttr"'rriii#.ffi f :#i'iåäî;
! jtiöÏ{}:i",ïiXi'*5T:iä{','.'::ï1"^,.
i:"'l3iåir:'."ö'r'å1lt:theuniteclstates;ï';;,^*ewho
i
sreeper"'"'* 'äiiää;tt*v*traYf
]t
i

in Ohio'
uiî* *ttu"a i" ãutfy 2003
Farjs, the truck
i.
-2

*
 Æ. ,Æ#'i:s:¡*"?i

217.
oth Piarmers
D etainees, b

ffi.y aware of several Plots

planned for the !E l4Élglg9gg
Pukistutt; hiiack ai¡craJt
iooser-t
to f1y into Heathrow AirPort
traci< spikes in an attempt to derail a h?in in tt're United Sta

up sweral
d f{Y an airPlane
into the tallestbuilding intalifornia in a west coast version of F*
W*fa tt"àe Center atiack; cut t¡e lines of suspensionbridges in
New York in an effort to make thç* tollopt";

2lB,
ffitiotrrces f

for the most senior policymakers'

In an intewiew,
 .-r1:'3:. tziig¿¿-r¿:¿"

i#ií";¿;*rl:'
!---.1':l l

t#i:
saidheberievesthe'se.",låi-Ï;i,i!:i'AÏ"t$fË'llJf
from any harrn safe
in obtainlng enorl
cletainees whohad ":lt^Ïo" "nt"å'J*åy;;t
ililh*ds of Americans'

2001
since August
value detainee' th

råirt*f:!11i1p¿rt*t'*ii;;tr{ä'lrïÏ,ïuï'.
whetheriiffiú;î L uuit'g applied l l^'-
iT'nr'.d oy th* results'

ï*äfff'*u.dglgffiiTffî:
;;.;;;;""' äõu' rlr.have been taken
tg'Pi"tiä
ttiat their use Poses
risks'

"""=;;,"fu
tt rrr" of arl uti;"t*"iätîtt
"
-- ^É aa¡rr
::'ì"
i iitr.,tr#,:'Ë:'iqä::=*îff
lons' lvreas uring
tlre
EIT is imPortant äho;'-
which technique"
:i::ä;; ;"'ã Ti
;ä"rd: It)ï,tË
T" ä,,r, "*ffii:¡1'155ffi
"rr. 9¡' 1*'îïîì-Ërc ',
íì;'
iiil#.:i*"#:JåfiäHii#*.;**errosatorì-iovr'u"u
th
apPücation of
ã*Ëïdilt¿El i¡?!i??ë'irc¡ri-*¡.rr..::r-i*.*i:l i-::s:liit::.:.:;***i:-.!¡r+j:--,:;,;..l t:'?i.::--.=-

different results;

detainees: Abu Zuba

possessed perishable information about inrnrinerrt th¡eats against the

United States.

223, Prior to the usg of EITs, Abu Zubaydah

provided informa tion fo intelligence repofis. Interro gators
applied the waterboarcl to Abu Zubaydah atleast 83 times during '
August 2002. During the periocl between the end of the use of the
waterlroard and 30 April 2}03,he provided ínformation for
approximatelytadiitional repórts. It is not possible to say
definifively that the waterboarcl is the reason for Abu Zubaydal-r's
increasecl prqductiory or if another factor, such as the length of
detentiory was the catalyst, Since the use of the waterb
hówever, AbuZubaydah has appeared fo be cooperati

åffi
which the ps ydrolo gis t / interro gato rs dutet*i.ed
However, after beÍ
*i'J;ff 'J;:,:iiî:Hm,,,.,
thu t Al-N4rhiri

Al-Nashiri was thought to be withholding

nnation. Al-Nashiri subs equently received additional EITs,
but not the waterboard. The Agency then
-Naslriri to be "compliant." Because of the litany of
 ,,:à.,â-l t trtt" 't
i'ÉÌ;r'¿*':: :i'
:j"
It:::r. :: .a:'- . '':";Et'w-ZíÉ-¿s"çsi,,;::;s:
"fç-i.,,,-ii':'*':"'
.--ã

different in!rrogatäö
Lecluriques used.br¡ -t y Al-Nashjrï
tecru,iquesusedbvl*lî:ìÌii,i:iilr#:åîï';ü'îirÑ'J"*i-
1íy*îl:i;3ffiym"l ryl:::; il:J
trffi:ääîîtffii
perïo d of time,
[tit3"ç5;f$"$H;:ru;ru;;-**riäT:
ffiil,.u"
lli:ni*rjmx"n*
ö;;d;J*"'i:s"*|
*æn:"u
-1
Erts
CLô11

225' t

Vrlr-I1a'u"clL' F¡-
l*Ti AT:ïli;'i "
Ïå,äu anarvs is ot o r

:s priãr to tir'e ":ï:i;;^'î"'aottd' inaccurate'

H$fiffill;;T"ffiiiii*1ì-Jäor*was"*,u^'.{'i1;'g;"r¡'
ffItfr"Jifi ::iËiJt;*:ffii"resisrance,^:T:ir*ff :,
äi"trtrlåîî,ï.î':4åiï.itr*wn-¿æË
x#jii:áà1"*,nffiï'smi

" vr nNrr o N
ar GilrDrN o run
ffigj:*^î:NcER^rs

s¡- rrlirtto'
- I'u rtugrcr'ul ãk.rl regarding hurnanp ersonnell-.--oolued
in' wilh tire
iäi* :i*i "xi"iåi i""*;
I
I ;'sencv
I
It
Program'
 Policy Considerations

?27. (U / /FOUO) Throughout its history, the United States has

been an i¡rternational proponent of huna:r rights änd has voiced
opposition to torfure and mish'eatrrLent of prisoners by foreign
counhies. This position is based upon fundamental principles that are
deeply embedded in the American iegal sbuctr.re and jurisprudence.
The Fifth and FoUrteenthArnendments to the U.S. Conslitution, for
example, require due process of law, wlúle the Eighth Amendment
bars "ctrlel ¿ind unusual puúslunenb."

228. (V / /FOUO) The President advised the Senate wi"ren I

I
submitting the Tortu¡e Conveirtion for ratification thab ihe United
States would consfrue the reqtrirernent of Ariicle '16 of the Convention
to "tutdertal<e to prevent in any territory under its jurisdi.ction other
acts of cruel, inhurnan, or degrading treatment or puníshment which
do not amor¡nt to torhrre" as "xoughly equivaleni to".and "coextensive
with the Constifirtional guara¡tees against cruel, unusual, ald
i¡rhrrmane keatrnent,"8lTo this end,lhe United States sril:mitted a
reservation to the Tortule Convention statrng that the United. States
considers itself bou¡d by Arficle 16 "only insofar as the terrn'cruel,
i¡hnman or degrading heatrnent o¡ purrishment'means the cruel,
t-urusual, and i¡rhumane treatment or punishment prohibited by the
Sth, Bth and/or L4th Amendments to the Constitution of the United
States." Alfhough the Torture Co.nvention expressly provides that no
exceptional ci¡cumstances.whatsoevery including war or any other.
public emergency, and no order from a superior officer, justifies
torfure, no sj¡ri.lar provision was includecl regarding acts of "cruel,
inhuman or degrading treai'ment or pr:nishinent."

81 (U//FOUO) See Messagc fronr the President of the United States Transmíttùrg the
Contention AgajnstTortu¡e ancl Othcr Cruel, Inhrrman or DegraclingTreatment or Punishment,
Sen- Treaty Doc. 100-20, 100th Cor g,, 2d Sess., at 15, lvfay 23, 1988; Senate Cornmittee on Foreign
Relations, Execntive Report t01-30, August30, !990, at2s,29, quoting sumlnary anclanalysis
submifted by President Ronalcl Reagarç as revised by Presideni George I-LW, Bush.
 :"
t:..?;:t:'.\ t!:'i:i¡'
l,

ï.È:r

zzs (l¿ / / Fo-uo)

Annuar
Y
Pt":lii?reci
lr'^lî,iîifåËff"Ï'íiffii r
Reports on Human Rightl
bv foreign gov ",
q'e'''11'J''Jo
iliJ ä;;r' o s u ti o" te chni
RePort' issuect rn ïó rl ¡] t'ãt' a'
:äffi;u''ãäooz
rrheunited-srareslh*äP::lìRiräff :iiåîï"l*öfii"
äT1'î'J"üi :: ffiinî:iift ,ïi#J iimry;'
i5ä:'i;ï:å1i"åî"Sì:iiä:ää
u g";gu rot
serl,e as
i,,lÏÏffI"' -, ;
our internailon*ää* à-t"*,ts¡ [e nelv anct
an<
l
to arãas of Progress
Pointïng
iootittoittg d;rallenges'

iôüüq;i*"ff
Wehave t
,:"ïil=i#åiîåi'îäï:f*îF'ä*:T:ï'
-"tiJ'iät"'t'o"
'r''u'n*o"ïiiet'''ï"1*"*::1,"1îto,"'iå:iif
iHiål'i'"i**'
*Hr:åï l,tn:xli

îlå:#ï,::rïff Ëiffi ;:Fffiil"J'î,,îlËi{lîi:'å:il"

;;;;;.,,*uiÏåîï'*:I"'ri:'ffi iliüi:,iïä''''"j,t'å.,fl.,
:*l*; äiJ;T',"îi'ä'åffå stripping pr:Ï;;; nakecì
iilí depr ivecl
uod
reports r'ut'J äil.ä;änooaiog

s
zsa
YJJ,:3il,
ratemen,'1:b
i i:' öïrîiiË
?:i Ti"":il ï; rïJu*u"t
rtr
!îliïffiîf^i
aid in p ar s
t :
"
Torturt
ä;ö"" oi vittinrs of
rrreunitedstates*"1::Ttr#;lîï:îËî";j'".'ffir1ffi
t*Yt;;{.äìäottr¿t"s." *
across the wortd'
ar.e 9"Ï:*,J
even/where' We ùy the rirle of law'
and P
rights are resPected

:
 '' :.?Æ'. i#-å-Ei:í';:':i ¡¿!-,r.:,"r lil*.r i;:!'i ?i -
l#!?l+**u"¿î-:3-!lL-#;jj;:1l*gäs;r';:.r:¿i)çtt"'=..*;.'. : ; I

Freedom frorn torhue is an inalienable human right ' ' ' ' Yet
torture continue¡i to be practiced around the lvorld by rogue
regimes whose cruel methods match their determjnation to cIt$l'I
the hrrman spirit. .. .

Notorious hunran rights abusers . . . have sougìrt to shield their

aliuses frorn the eyes of the world by stagíng elaborate deceptions
and denying access to international human rights monitors ' ' ' '

The United States is committed to the worldrvide eliminaüon of

torhrre and tve are leading this fight by example. I call on all
goverrunents to join with the unitecl states and the community of
la*-ubidi¡g trations in prohibiting, investigating, and'prosecuting
all acts of tõrttue and in turdertaking to prevent other suel and
. unusual "unishment . . .'

Concems over Participation in tire CTc Program

23'1.. è#¡FlRt Duiing the course of this Review, a nirmber of

Agency officers expressed r¡nsolicited concern about the possibility of
reérimiration or legal action resulting fro¡n thei¡ pariicipation in the
CTC Program. A number of officers ex"ressecl concern that a httman
t pwsue them for activities
tionally, they feared that the Agericy
not them if tl'ris occtlüed.

2g2.ts-7r$.iEtOne officer exPressecl concern that one day,

Agency gfficers willwind up on some "wanted [st" to aPPg3r before
ttre WórU Court for war crimes steruning from activitiei!
E Another said, "Ten years frorn now wete goinæ be'sorry
æffig ilris . . . #ut] it has to be done." He expressed concem
that the CTC Program will be exposed irr the news media and cited
particular concern about the possibility of beingnamecl in a leak.
.
-ii.
I
i-:+:r-r:-:.:'15å¿tæ':{iiÊi.:-it

'l'he numLrel of c{etainees m CIA ctrstody

237.
is relativetyr*ãi@p.risorr çvith those i¡r IJ.S. militaw custody.
Nevertheless, the Rgency, like the I'rrilitarv, has an interest in thc
disposition of detainees an,l parlicurlar i.nterest i-n those who, if not
tcept in isolation, woulci likely cÌivulge jnformation about the
circunstances of thei r cle Lenfion,
 t;=+¿+ '+
+'.::r.
l:l;--:,

'':l-:+,
; .:.'.1.::¡:,.,...
:,,:.'.-j:;.11:.
:::'"::.
- ....¿"1:{; t#:;;le*,?iæ'.,;Å
: '::-'::a:

242.

243.

| .1't
I
'

to prosecutiotì .ts ¡ r'i;rble pr'rssttr!ìit', .,ri ic.i:I f,rr ,.r,r't.r;l .lr'{.ìilt r

date, hotn¡evt,r, lrr:r tleei¡iott lra¡ l.(.t,tr trr¡tle tr., l)r'titt,,-,ii r'.'lih tlris
option,

93 rullrr:ui:,
sscr.
 t: 1;-
i:.:--:.::;:a). []t;a:::'-
:
' "

.ígt:,

Turffi!*.lr
 ]=:-E :ffi,,¡ft+ir+*-A+9,¡f¡,tæ. jfi=,:i¡:,,..'" .... ):.i,t.t i -ai3¡:;+,

CONCLUSIONS

250j ìrgll rhe Agency's cletention,and

interrogdtíor, o?ãñffias provided intellìgence that has enabled
the identification ancl apprehension of other terrorists and warned of
terroristplots planned ior the United States and around the world'
The CTCDetention and hrterrogation Program has resulted in the
issuance of thousands of indiviãualintelligence reports and analytic
products supporting the counterterrorisrn efforts of U'S'
!oücymakeis and *itit*y commande's. The effectiveness
of
that might
!urti..ttar interrogation téchniques in e[citing information
not otherwise havebeen obtained carurot be so easily measured,
however.

2sl. Fqu Af!r LL september 2001, nume¡ous

Agency .o*pffi d"ividuals invested immens e time and
efiort to i*pi**ent the CTC Progrdm quickly, effectively, and lvithin
fhe law, Tlie work of the Djrecto¡ate of Operations, Counterter¡orist
center (cTC), office of ceneral cou¡sel (oGC),, oiice of Medica!-
Services (OMS), office of Technicut i.wiàu tOfblff
thas been especially. notable. In effect, they began wiih
ffio founctatiorì-/ as the Agency had díscontirmect virturally all
involvement in írrterrogations after encountering dífficult issues with
earHer interrogation progr4ms in Celrt¡al America and the Neal East.
Inevitably, theie atso trave ùeur, ro*e problems with current
activities.

. 252. (s7/Ntrl OGC rvorked closely withDo] to ctetermine the

legalify of the measures that.came bo be known as enhancecl
interrogation techniques (EITs). OGC also cclnsulted with \^Ihite
House and National Security CounciJ officials regarding ttré
proposed techniques. Those efforts and the resulting DoJ legal
opinion of L August 2002 are well documeutecl, That legal opinion
was based, in substantial part, on OTS analysis and the experience
and expertise of non-Agency personnel and academics conceming
whether long-terrn psychological effects would result from use of the
proposed techniques.
 ::)ti: t*q:>")":

i.-;: '.

t;. ;:,:,'.i;i-.:'.'1;

:îtäËffi åi'å?
!7Ê'[Er
zb3
ä*:låT#[Hî {{

!ff;i¡=f;-i
'#::;îtr*tr"'ilä:s::î**iî,ïäåiiifr1å"öry'v

orohibitiott of toil* î.s.. tornue,nää,

:lï :ä",, i, Ëo;,,1,
;;;;súon
*: oppir_:^u_.nr
wirh rhe
^,-
im:X'n: .ffi u,u u r e gar
dur g

T.*tr#,':ffi?ä::iffiiil*i *l*r i,ï' *;an'r

*'" ràr rure c"Îl':Ïl
Ïi#ïåi'o"u;ätä .''
Punishment
grading

r*ffi"
de

,- u
t
J"ffi åff-JfJåiî åfîffi '"i'il'
reaffrrmaúon

fåä*'J:'.:-?i:ffi
*xdAir:mxg'g#!'

äF expanded^T:"i't'" ;ãnd''"t
on the Agency's 'u*
ä".", J ärr'"'i''.¿
äiiåiiìå ïpi*o "
scope of the ffil *"_-
1 AltgL¿"'
sui
of various
, -_ ^t À crerìcv officers
Lrttslr-#-
zss. [r1i,ff-, ,.d with detenúon ¿tÍì'o

rä år;¡i:ffi r;rïå:'Jffi ,l""il+'"m'"rltltn:*;

ga*:îïriffi iäi,iå""*i,'H*.ï;ä*i*.*:,#',',ï
ãåi"r,uoo a*d interr
o gabon
o år,i,"
upqt ou
l,rl ir:iffi "' jjf
a.d Administranon ^r
review
As:l:vlÎii* î *j;r;;å.:tï..,r,ent ofrïcers,- ..
rrom previous
uyu's'
*älaw enfor':'l'it "jll'l*u'.
*:tiääirrt** publtc
ir-,t"rrog*rior,' of State, and
î ):-*.J' o1
U'S' PolicY
statements of

ff-tgh
iffi--#gx,çi,çl*ær

stateurenb by very senior U.S. officials, including the Presiclent, as

well as the policies expressed byMembers of Congtess, other
Western goverîments, intemational organizations, and human rights
grot¡ps. In addition/ some Agency officels are aware of ilterrogation
activities that lvere outside or beyonci the scope of the written DoJ
opinion. Officer's are concemed that fufure public revelation of the
CTC Program is inevitable and will seriously damage Agency
officers'personal reputations, as well as the reputation and
effectiveness of the Agency itseif.

-256' bs,E rhe Agencyhas generally prov itled

good guidance and support to its officers who have been de

In particular, CTC did a the

intenogatiorrs of high value detainees at
At these foreign locations, Agency persorrnel-with one notal¡le
exception clescribed in this Reviêw-followed guictance and
procedures and docurnented their activities well.

zsz, ffs(n By disrincrio*, rhê Agency-especially

in the.early months of the Program-failed to provide adecluate
statÍing, guidance, and support t
a:rd interroßation of detainees in

dentwillb.e ihe
 t'i-iií¿)
i
g¿;3¡:':i'.*:':a-' :
"'

rur. U.
srr!ect of a

General'

xm'"rur;"år:öiil
::åi:iffi ;;;¡;:"*ili':"::ii:
äåî;ïårerroga.rionsatthaiioca'-*;@s,üainif
tg,

.^ f ;ffi
tl aia t exer cis e s
":f Y:ly'*ir:î'"i-
d no
;?ä:åiåiä"-är^.reddmerv,a1åi:iÏ:if
inv
cers
o ffi
olv e
authortz "xe*iseso'nd
supervision'' or
experience,
jud.grnent'

\vided to
f '+iä|:i"åål;3Ïii1,ffi'Ë':J'ïJ::
fr îää;îH::If
.f"}"tråfårftffiiffi qiäå'
r#*,Hil*:rff
ffi:ï'fi äx,u:un:*::l*¡;'çgt*ttt,^*1 of the
nXns*:låîff Hiiîlrt":*:äîiry
trtrHiï#ä,1Ëîå::iåiiÏrtåî.tr*;rr*"'Jå'Jff
'*

- -';lârì¡ê as d'oes exist to

. G{-,L *'*---^
und.ertaken by ager ta v r! ¡v- - -
-_z6a
, , .-l]l^ì,r.,ffi arrd interrogaqort"
""tio* ,-^¿oortate. The

ffi:;r* õonhinq ¡

it',itt t"t and Protec

interrq

:'îäåå':î1tr"Tffi ä"':tïT*iuil*"
a*toi*.r, tt. * tu",^{]:iffffi ö.ir."a sÉpulated that
.t
L Augt rö;.
I

îti-;;õoJ legal oPinion of

:5:'
i
 ,.-,..':.:r.es:,,.1?*i i#*,të:-:e-s-+.,æ+¡;::;:.:+i

its advice was based upon certain facts that the Agency had
submitted to DoJ, observing, for examplq that "' . .yoo (the Agency)
have also o¡ally ínfonned us that althoughsome of these techniques
may be used wíth more than once [sic], that repetition will not be
substantial because the techniques generally lose their effectiveness
after several rêpetitionà.'l One kuy êl
to the waterboard at ieast 1-83 times
Edwasdenied uis'
In this and another instance, the technique of application and volurne
of water used ctifferecl from the DoJ opinion.

262. OMS provided hensive nredical

attention to de where EITs were
with value detainees

did not issue fonnal medical guidelines

@r tlre advÌce of CTC /Legal, the oMS Guidelines
were thert issued as "draft" and remain so even after being re-issued
in September 2003.

264. Agency officers report that reliance on

analytical assessments that were uruupported by credible intelligence
may have resulted in the application of EITs without justification.
Some participanb in the Program, particularly field interrogators,
judge that CTC assessments to the effect that detaineeb are
a'-ì
withholding information are not always supported by an objective
 ' .1?;i -'':¡':'

,ffi"t:e:-#i:::*:'at

î*Ï**ffi ås#ryffiry'l'-Ti**"'

ä*iffr;ä*tffi'rdäìi
Biå:ïä'J;Tiffi;"p"u:r:î
ilre ä"bilry
*"* u'*tainedby
inanurf,Y ovrr the I :s, -G^",ilffiil*.,.."r'
the Agency.
do with terrorists
ii [.,:ffi:::.+,e¡+;ri.el..*æ

R ECO \{i\'{ l: N D Al IO N S
\l)
,Jl
,!t
t
rì
lu
l'

t,

-'1fií'11
. .^--..-^ô'.-r' il'lr
 .l
d
./Y
rrt
Ir
t,:.J!:
rüiri

illtr
Íiiiit.
.ifilìì

lijili
,,1.r
hjt.
f.:

jì ii

it
lr:l

¡¡
 $ï
$ìtJütì rail.

.'i:d
:\
itì J

il[üir
''j'-*'S

lìi,ltf
tifiii
ii$*:
1,ti)tii
il:;i::i
lri i::
l:i¡ ii
ulrü

iilll'
:,.iÈ
i 'J¡r'
i;:il;

ii.
,ì'

:lit¡'

'iil
Appendix A
 .,, .....'-''-,.'...j. ' .-s:Li:ÈJ
.! tt;:Æ':!""';':""
iif:Ì:iË'"Í:":';':"
,,:'#:, l:iæ,#---#*¿:*È*:;*':æ'¿

Ëì i#¿*græ:".',tii!!i]'*l

ÀN! RESOURCES
PROCEDURES

n",."år
I¡ves$gations, thr :î*îïrc
jlTd"*"fr
â1

rnvesrigari"^rstriiüä^æ1,rlue1^J'*úg^t""'T-?
and a secretary Partlcll '^"
Auditor, t n"'u'ir'"iäìti"lt'
Review.

ä._
comPonents PY
orGconcructedJiî,ioiî'"*"-åTi1#ffi äî';J*ï;.ïiî'u
ãåi**uy relevant lnformatïo" .i"#i:ii* ö.p.wDirector of
jlï,i"%ïr#iåiffi''*
ä#äT*ffiiiËr.1rËîi,îl
iä
inrorm
ueputy
ûre Depuq,
une """".ä :il*:X;å;
"u*
"oåiåi ru"utär inclividuals'
olG te-ínterview'
isi'ts to the
^ >*fl OIG personn"t.]1:dt ItTu-.,".*,uI
orG pers o*er ars
o
l"Î.t"t"Ë:ffÏàiiü;;' of ittttttogations
îisíted
I to review 9z vrdäåioput
Appendix B
 cttìGrralo.y: ccur{.,r'rË8rìcn6r*'efr'Tr'¡{A},f¡l¡rT.n'0G/ì1to¡i/¡trìu,rts

::j
I
.,-]

r97,3r'taí .iß>J,:; ;¡,:¡tjil{¡¿ú f C

llìÊ lf¡ltr,úf¡ati4{¡ ftofl ¡¡trr