Energy Statistics in Asia and The Pacific (1990-2009)

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific (19902009)
Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific (19902009) is a compilation of energy supply and
demand data of the member economies of the Asian Development Bank in Asia and the
Pacific. The data include the latest 4 years of energy balances of 47 of the 48 ADB members in
the region, and historical summary tables that present data on electric power generation, as
well as macroeconomic and basic energy indicators.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation was established in 1989 to further enhance economic

growth and prosperity for the region and to strengthen the Asia-Pacific community. APEC has
21 members, referred to as member economies
APEC operates as a cooperative, multilateral economic and trade forum. It is the only
international intergovernmental grouping in the world committed to reducing barriers to
trade and investment without requiring its members to enter into legally binding obligations.
APEC achieves its goals by promoting dialogue and arriving at decisions on a consensus basis,
giving equal weight to the views of all members.
About the Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre
The Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre (APERC) was established in July 1996 in Tokyo as an
affiliate of the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, pursuant to the Action Agenda adopted
by the APEC Economic Leaders at the Osaka Summit in November 1995. The Government of
Japan generously agreed to host and finance the center.
The primary objective of APERC is to foster understanding among APEC economies of
global, regional, and domestic energy demand and supply trends, energy infrastructure
development, energy regulatory reform, and related policy issues in view of regional
prosperity. APERC advocates rational energy policy formulation and enhances capacity
building in energy research in the region, following APECs Non-binding Energy Policy
Principles for furthering energy security, economic growth, and environmental quality.
About the Asian Development Bank
ADBs vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing
member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite
the regions many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the worlds poor: 1.7 billion
people who live on less than $2 a day, with 828 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day.
ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally
sustainable growth, and regional integration.
Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main
instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity
investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance.
Asian Development Bank

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Printed on recycled paper
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About Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Energy
Statistics
in Asia and the Pacific
(19902009)
October 2013
Energy
Statistics
(19902009)
October 2013
2013 Asian Development Bank

All rights reserved. Published in 2013.
Printed in the Philippines.
ISBN 978-92-9254-153-8 (Print), 978-92-9254-154-5 (PDF)
Publication Stock No. BKK125195-3
Cataloging-In-Publication Data
Asian Development Bank.
Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific, 19902009.
Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2013.
1. Energy.
2. Asia and the Pacific.
I. Asian Development Bank.
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they
represent.
ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for
any consequence of their use.
By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term
country in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any
territory or area.
ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper
acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for
commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB.
Notes:
In this publication, $ refers to US dollars.
ADB refers to Taipei,China. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation refers to Chinese Taipei.
The energy unit used in this publication is ton of oil equivalent (toe) or its multiples such as thousand tons of
oil equivalent (ktoe) and million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe). One toe is equivalent to the following:
1.4286 tons of coal equivalent (tce)
107 kilocalories (kCal)
3.96832 x 107 British thermal units (Btu)
6.8 barrels of crude oil equivalent
4.1868 x 104 megajoules (MJ)
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Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Geographical Coverage
1.2 Energy Data
Chapter 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Overview of the Energy Demand and Supply Situation in Asia

and the Pacific
Definition of Energy Products
Analysis of Energy Supply and Demand in Asia and the Pacific
Analysis of Energy Supply and Demand by Type of Energy
Regional Energy Trends
v
vi
vii
1
2
2
7
8
10
28
41
Chapter 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
Central and West Asia

Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
55
71
87
102
117
132
147
162
177
192
207
Chapter 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
East Asia
Peoples Republic of China
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
223
239
254
269
284
299
Chapter 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
315
331
345
360
374
388
402
416
431
446
461
476
491
506
iii
iv
Contents
Chapter 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
521
537
552
567
582
596
611
Chapter 7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
627
643
658
673
688
703
718
733
748
763
778
Chapter 8
8.1
8.2
8.3
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
793
809
824
839
Appendixes
1
Definition of Columns and Rows of the Energy Balance Table
2
Conversion Factors
3
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Carbon Emission
Factors for Fossil Fuels
References
854
861
862
863
Preface
his report compiles the energy statistics of the Asian and Pacific member economies
of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) from 1990 to 2009. Energy data for 47 member
economies in the region are presented as energy balance tables and historical summary
tables. The energy balance tables use an accounting framework that traces the flow of energy
from source to final consumption expressed in a common energy accounting unit (in this case,
thousand tons of oil equivalent), reflecting the equivalence, and sometimes the substitutability, of different energy types. The historical summary tables present some information from the
energy balance tables, as well as macroeconomic indicators, electric power generation data,
and basic energy indicators.
This report updates ADBs first attempt to consolidate available energy balances and other
energy and energy-related data for Asia and the Pacific, Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific,
19902006. Data coverage has been expanded up to 2009, which is the most recent year for
which energy data are available. The years 2007 to 2009 were significant for Asia and the Pacific
in terms of energy security and sustainable development, with the region witnessing increases
in investments in clean energy development, including renewable energy, energy efficiency,
and access to modern forms of energy.
This report also includes improvements from the previous publication by providing data
on latest electrification rates, energy reserves, and four of the latest energy balance tables
of the member economies; expanding the summary tables with the addition of carbon
dioxide emission indicators, and supplementary macroeconomic indicators; and adding
supplementary graphs in each regional and economy profile, including an energy supply and
demand flow chart that details the flows of energy from source to final consumption.
The availability of accurate energy data vary across the different regions and member
economies. To address this, ADB intends to build the capacity of its members in collecting and
generating data for energy statistics by developing and making available training packages.
This report is among the outputs of a regional technical assistance grant, Energy Sector Strategy and Development 2007. The grant aims to increase support for ADB energy sector operations, and provide stakeholders with comprehensive updates on recent energy issues, policy
requirements, and the energy outlook in the region. It is hoped that this publication will be
valuable not only to ADB operations but to members governments and institutions, for the
availability of accurate and timely energy data for use in energy planning and the design of
policies, interventions, and programs.
S. Chander
Director General
Regional and Sustainable Development Department
Acknowledgments
his publication is among the outputs of Energy Sector Strategy and Development 2007,
a regional technical assistance grant from the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
A team of consultants from the Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre of the Institute of
Energy Economics of Japan, led by Shigeru Kimura, was engaged by ADB to compile energy
data from various sources and to prepare this report. Other members of the team included
Momoko Aoshima, Edito Barcelona, Naoko Doi, Sichao Kan, Tomoko Matsumoto, Takuya
Miyagawa, Junko Ogawa, and Zheng Lu. Kenji Kobayashi and Yukari Yamashita provided
overall guidance to the team.
From ADB, Jun Tian was the overall supervisor for the report, with support from Aiming Zhou.
Ashok Bhargava, Douglas H. Brooks, S. Chander, Robert Guild, Gil-Hong Kim, Bindu Lohani,
Pil-Bae Song, Rune Stroem, and WooChong Um provided guidance and support in the various
stages of the report.
Staff who provided comments on the report include Priyantha Cabral Wijayatunga,
Bouadokpheng Chansavat, Andrew Jeffries, Anthony Jude, Rehan Kausar, Jong-Inn Kim, Lin Lu,
Rafael R. Nadyrshin, Kaoru Ogino, Pradeep Perera, Zulfiyya Safarli, Martina Tonizzo, and Yongping
Zhai. Pei Ling Koh (young professional) and Vahan Sargsyan (consultant) also reviewed the
report drafts. Staff support was provided by Patricia Calcetas, Diana Marie Hernandez, Ruth
Mangrobang, and Jake Padua. Research and technical assistance was provided by Charito
Isidro. Valuable inputs were also provided by Len George and Ma. Priscila del Rosario.
ADB and the consultants also thank the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Secretariat,
particularly Sun Tao, members of the APEC Energy Working Group, and Kenji Kobayashi for
endorsement on the use of their energy information database.
Special thanks also go to the Government of the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic,
International Energy Agency, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, United Nations
Statistics Division, World Bank, and World Energy Council for the use of their energy-related
and socioeconomic data in this report.
vi
Abbreviations
AAGR
ADB
APEC
APERC
CIA
CO2
DMC
FEC
GDP
IEA
JAMA
LPG
Lao PDR
NCV
NGL
PES
PPP
PRC
SAARC
TFEC
TPES
UNFCCC
UNSD
WEC
average annual growth rate

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre
Central Intelligence Agency
carbon dioxide
developing member country
final energy consumption
gross domestic product
International Energy Agency
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
liquefied petroleum gas
net calorific value
natural gas liquid
primary energy supply
purchasing power parity
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
total final energy consumption
total primary energy supply
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
United Nations Statistics Division
World Energy Council
Weights and Measures

Btu
C
GWh
kCal
kg
kt C
ktoe
kWh
MJ
Mtoe
tC
tce
TJ
toe
TWh
British thermal unit

Celsius
gigawatt-hour
kilocalorie
kilogram
thousand tons of carbon equivalent
thousand tons of oil equivalent
kilowatt-hour
megajoule
million tons of oil equivalent
ton of carbon equivalent
ton of coal equivalent
terajoule
ton of oil equivalent
terawatt-hour
vii
Chapter 1
Introduction
Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific
his report illustrates historical energy trends and the latest energy structures of 47 of
the 48 regional members of the Asian Development Bank (ADB).1 It contains regional
energy demand and supply analyses, energy profiles of the ADB member economies,
and energy data tables for each of these member economies in Asia and the Pacific.
1.1 Geographical Coverage

This publication covers six groups for these 47 regional members, which are based on geographical locations for the developing member countries/economies (DMCs) of ADB plus one
group covering the developed member countries. The groups are as follows:

Central and West Asia. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyz Republic, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan;
East Asia. Peoples Republic of China (PRC); Hong Kong, China; Republic of Korea;
Mongolia; and Taipei,China;
The Pacific. Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati,
Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands,
Timor-Leste, Tonga, and Vanuatu;
South Asia. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka;
Southeast Asia. Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao Peoples Democratic
Republic (Lao PDR), Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
Viet Nam; and
Developed group. Australia, Japan, and New Zealand.
These 47 member countries cover 26.2% of the worlds total land area and about 55.7%
of its total population. Notably, in 2009, the region contributed only 30.0% of the worlds
gross domestic product (GDP) but consumed 37.7% of the worlds total primary energy
supply (TPES).
1.2 Energy Data

This report contains two kinds of energy data tables: (i) energy balance tables and (ii) historical
summary tables.
Energy Balance Tables

Data sources. Energy balance tables of the 47 regional members were used for this report;
however, only the four latest energy balance tables are actually published here. These energy
balance tables are based on several sources.
Tuvalu was not included due to unavailability of energy data.
Introduction
The energy data of the following Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies were
taken from the APEC Energy Database:2 Australia; Brunei Darussalam; PRC; Hong Kong, China;
Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Philippines;
Singapore; Taipei,China; Thailand; and Viet Nam. These data are from 1990 to 2009.
The energy data of the following members were taken from the Energy Balances of NonOECD Countries:3 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Georgia, India, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and
Uzbekistan. The data cover 1990 to 2009, except for those of Cambodia, which cover 1995
to 2009. In addition, except for Pakistan, data from 1990 to 1993 of the other eight Central
and West Asian countries (i.e., Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) are not used, as these countries had only just declared
independence from the former Soviet Union during that period.
The 2008 Energy Balances and Electricity Profiles4 was the source of energy data for Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Maldives, Nauru, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands,
Timor-Leste, Tonga, and Vanuatu. The data cover 1990 to 2008, except for those of Palau, which
cover 1992 to 2008, and those of Timor-Leste, which cover 2002 to 2008.
The energy data of the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia were obtained
from a survey commissioned by ADB5 in 2008. The Marshall Islands data cover 2003 to 2008,
while those of the Federated States of Micronesia are from 2000 to 2008.
Lastly, Lao PDR energy balance tables are estimated from energy information obtained from
the Lao PDR Ministry of Energy and Mines,6 from 1990 to 2009.
Notes. The tables use 1,000 tons of oil equivalent (ktoe) as the reporting unit for energy.
The energy content of fossil fuels is reported in net calorific value (NCV). The relationships
between NCVs of various fossil fuels and their gross calorific values (GCV) are given by following formulas:
(i) Coal. 0.95 x GCV
(ii) Oil. 0.95 x GCV
(iii) Gas. 0.9 x GCV
The following conversion efficiencies were assumed for conversion from nonthermal sources
to primary energy.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
3
4
5
6
Hydro. 100%
Nuclear. 33%
Geothermal. 10%
Solar photovoltaic and wind. 100%
Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre. APEC Energy Database. http://www.ieej.or.jp/egeda/database/database-top.

html. (accessed 29 February 2012).
International Energy Agency. 2011. Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries. Paris. CD-ROM.
United Nations Statistics Division. 2011. 2008 Energy Balances and Electricity Profiles. New York.
ADB. Unpublished. 2008 Survey on Energy and Energy-Related Information in the Pacific.
Government of the Lao PDR, Ministry of Energy and Mines. Unpublished. Energy Balances of Lao PDR from 1990
to 2012.
Historical Summary Tables

The historical summary tables include some information from the energy balance tables, as
well as socioeconomic data, such as GDP at constant 2000 US dollars, and population. Several
indicators, such as the TPES per GDP, are also included. Each table includes data on
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
indigenous production by type of energy;

primary energy supply by source;
final energy consumption by sector and type of energy;
data on electric power generation, including electricity output by type of power
plant, and fossil fuel inputs in electricity generation;
(v) carbon dioxide emissions;
(vi) macroeconomic indicators, such as population and GDP at constant 2000 US dollar
values; and
(vii) basic energy indicators, such as the TPES per capita, total final energy consumption
(TFEC) per capita, energy intensity, carbon dioxide intensity, electricity consumption
per capita, vehicle ownership, and import dependency.
The process used to produce the energy balance tables and historical summary tables is
shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1 Flowchart of the Production
of the ADB Energy Data Book
Data Sources
Estimation
Energy Balance Tables

Macro Data
Historical Summary Tables

Source: APERC.
Introduction
Special Notes
The users of this report should take note of the following.
Gaps between the data from 1990 to 2003 and the data from 2004 to 2009. With
APERC (APEC Energy Database), the use of a different reporting format from the 2004 data
collection resulted in significant gaps in the data from 1990 to 2003 and from 2004 to 2009,
especially in renewable energy for Indonesia; Taipei,China; Thailand; and Viet Nam.
Residential and commercial sectors. Before 2004, APEC energy data combined the energy
consumption of the residential and commercial sectors into one sector (i.e., residential/
commercial sector), rather than residential and commercial sectors separately. Some
economies, including Brunei Darussalam; PRC; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Malaysia;
Philippines; Taipei,China; and Thailand, submitted energy consumption of the residential and
commercial sectors separately.
Electricity output by fuel type. Before 2004, only the total thermal power generation was
reported in the APEC data. Therefore, power generation by fuel type (i.e., coal, oil, and gas)
from 1990 until 2003 has been estimated based on IEA (2011b).
Availability of data. Available energy data from most of the 47 member countries cover
1990 to 2009 except for the following 15 countries:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Maldives, Nauru, Samoa, Solomon
Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu, which cover 19902008;
Palau, which cover 19922008;
Timor-Leste, which cover 20022008;
Federated States of Micronesia, which cover 20002008; and
Marshall Islands; which cover 20032008.
In 2008, these 15 countries, collectively consumed only 0.09% of the regions total primary
energy consumption, 0.11% of the total final energy consumption, 0.26% of the indigenous
energy production, 1.36% of the total oil production, 0.12% of the total oil consumption, a
negligible percentage of coal production and consumption, and still smaller percentages of
natural gas production and consumption.
Chapter 2
Overview
of the Energy Demand
and Supply Situation
2.1
Definition of Energy Products
Chapter 2 summarizes the energy supply and demand situation in Asia and the Pacific using
the energy balance tables of member countries.
Energy products may be classified into various categories: (i) primary and secondary products,
(ii) renewable and non-renewable products, and (iii) combustible and noncombustible
products. Primary and secondary products can also be classified as renewable or nonrenewable and combustible or noncombustible. Figure 2.1 shows how energy commodities
are classified.
Figure 2.1
Classification of Energy Products

Secondary
Primary
Coals
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Liquids
Natural Gas
Oil Shale
Petroleum Products,
Manufactured Solid Fuels
and Gases
Wastes
Renewables
Biofuels
Biofuels
Any Fuels Derived from

Renewable Sources
Heat and Electricity
NonRenewables
Nuclear
Combustible
Heat and
Nonthermal
Electricity
Source: IEA (2004).
Primary products are energy commodities that are either extracted or captured directly
from natural sources, such as crude oil, coal, and natural gas (IEA 2004). Hydro, nuclear, and
geothermal energy that are used to produce electricity (i.e., a secondary product) are also
primary products. All other commodities that are produced from these primary products are
secondary products. Secondary products can also be produced from secondary products like
electricity produced using secondary oil products such as gas or diesel oil.
Non-renewable energy products are mostly derived from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is also included in this category. Renewable energy products are those
that come from current or recent flows of constantly available solar and gravitational energy.
An example, other than biomass, is solar energy that is harnessed as electricity generated in
solar photovoltaic panels.
Combustible energy products, like biomass, need to be burned to generate practical energy
for uses such as cooking or heating. Petroleum products are also combusted to produce
Overview of the Energy Demand and Supply Situation in Asia and the Pacific
mechanical power to run vehicles and steam to turn turbines and to generate electricity. Noncombustible energy products are those that are not combusted to provide practical energy,
like electricity, solar, and wind energy.
Coal and Coal Products

Coal and coal products are both combustible and non-renewable. Primary products of coal
are coking coal, anthracite, other bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. Secondary
coal products include patent fuel, coke oven coke, coal tar, coal briquettes, gas works gas,
blast furnace gas, and oxygen steel furnace gas.
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products

Crude oil and petroleum products are also combustible and non-renewable. Primary products
are crude oil, natural gas liquids, refinery feedstock, additives or oxygenates, and other
hydrocarbons. Secondary products are refinery gas, ethane, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha,
motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, gasoline-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel, other kerosene,
gas or diesel oil, fuel oil, white spirits and special boiling point industrial spirits, lubricants,
bitumen, paraffin waxes, petroleum coke, and other products.
Gas
Natural gas is also a primary energy commodity. While liquefied natural gas is still natural gas but
liquefied to enable economical long-distance delivery, it is considered a secondary product in
this report.
Hydro and Nuclear

This category covers all nonthermal heat and/or electricity generated from nonfossil energy
resources, such as hydro, nuclear, geothermal, and solar and wind energy. The amount of
primary energy is calculated from the heat and/or electricity output from these sources.
Biomass
Biomass includes wood; wood waste; black liquor; industrial and municipal waste; charcoal;
and other biomass such as bagasse, rice hull, and various other agricultural wastes. Except for
charcoal, all of these biomass products are primary products.
Other Products
This category includes new energy products and all other energy products not included above.
Liquid biofuels fall under this category, although they are derived from biomass.
2.2 Analysis of Energy Supply and Demand in

Asia and the Pacific
Primary Energy Supply
The TPES in 2009 reached 4,578 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe), accounting for 37.7% of
the worlds total (12,150 Mtoe) . The TPES increased by 4.0% from the 2008 level of 4,402 Mtoe
(Figure 2.2.1).
Figure 2.2.1 Total Primary Energy Supply by Type, 19942009
5,000,000
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
ktoe
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
500,000
1994
10
Others
ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent.

Sources: ADB (unpublished), APERC (APEC Energy Database), IEA (2011b), Lao PDR Ministry of Energy and Mines (unpublished), and
UNSD (2011a).
From 1994 to 2009, the TPES had an average growth rate of 4.5% per annum, in contrast with
the annual 3.4% growth in real GDP over the same period. As a result, elasticity of demand was
calculated at 1.3 for this period, indicating that for every 1% growth in GDP, primary energy
consumption grew by 1.3%. Consequently, the regions energy intensity increased from 331
tons of oil equivalent (toe) per million US dollars (constant 2000 prices) in 1994 to 385 toe per
million US dollars in 2009.
11
In comparison, the world TPES grew from 9,009 Mtoe in 1994 to 12,150 Mtoe in 2009, increasing
at an average rate of 2.0% annually (Table 2.2.1).
In regard to the TPES by type during 19942009, coal supply rose at an average rate of 5.8%
per annum to reach 2,230 Mtoe. The growth rate was even faster from 2008 to 2009 at 6.5%.
Oil supply rose at an average rate of 2.7% per annum to reach 1,199 Mtoe from 1994 to 2009.
Gas supply increased by 5.5% per annum to reach 547 Mtoe. The remaining primary energy
supply (comprising hydro, nuclear, etc.) grew by 3.4% per annum from 1994 to reach 601 Mtoe
in 2009.
Figure 2.2.2 Production, Trade, and Supply of Primary Energy in Asia
and the Pacific, 2009
5,000,000
4,000,000
4,577,539
3,922,397
3,000,000
Biomass
and Others
Nuclear
ktoe
2,000,000
Hydro
1,747,586
Natural Gas
Oil Products
1,000,000
Crude Oil
Coal Products
Coal
1,000,000
2,000,000
935,456
Indigenous
Production
Imports
Exports
Total Primary
Energy Supply

UNSD (2011a).
12
Table 2.2.1 Total Primary Energy Supply in Asia and the Pacific, 1990, 1994, and 2009
ADB DMCs in Asia and the Pacific
Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
TimorLeste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Total Asia and the Pacific (A)
Total World (B)
A/B (%)
1990a
ktoe
% Share
1,353,756
71.6
1,352,097
71.6
44,051
2.3
1,224
0.1
42,827
2.3
806,626
42.7
654,004
34.6
10,643
0.6
93,088
4.9
3,415
0.2
45,477
2.4
341,731
18.1
12,735
0.7
900
0.0
316,742
16.8
48
0.0
5,789
0.3
5,517
0.3
159,689
8.5
2,071
0.1
53,252
2.8
1,199
0.1
20,972
1.1
10,657
0.6
28,309
1.5
9,896
0.5
27,918
1.5
5,414
0.3
1,659
0.1
7
0.0
491
0.0
7
0.0
43
0.0
866
0.0
61
0.0
130
0.0
0.0
26
29
0.0
535,957
28.4
86,847
4.6
435,096
23.0
14,014
0.7
1,889,713
100.0
8,782,276
21.5
1994b
ktoe
% Share
1,791,171
75.3
1,789,216
75.2
197,295
8.3
782
0.0
1,366
0.1
15,921
0.7
4,717
0.2
57,898
2.4
2,795
0.1
51,319
2.2
2,477
0.1
13,526
0.6
46,494
2.0
998,705
42.0
793,572
33.4
13,035
0.5
132,245
5.6
2,709
0.1
57,144
2.4
391,976
16.5
14,612
0.6
920
0.0
364,049
15.3
70
0.0
6,508
0.3
5,817
0.2
201,240
8.5
2,392
0.1
3,373
0.1
61,190
2.6
1,351
0.1
31,375
1.3
11,380
0.5
31,385
1.3
11,898
0.5
42,536
1.8
7,732
0.3
1,955
0.1
7
0.0
627
0.0
7
0.0
34
0.0
45
0.0
44
0.0
63
0.0
957
0.0
60
0.0
127
0.0
62
0.0
36
0.0
27
0.0
586,874
24.7
91,620
3.9
479,669
20.2
15,585
0.7
2,378,045
100.0
9,009,197
26.4
2009c
ktoe
% Share
3,966,605
86.7
3,964,335
86.6
242,832
5.3
751
0.0
2,601
0.1
11,967
0.3
3,190
0.1
65,832
1.4
3,008
0.1
85,521
1.9
2,320
0.1
19,584
0.4
48,809
1.1
2,471,056
54.0
2,117,844
46.3
13,400
0.3
232,007
5.1
3,237
0.1
104,568
2.3
724,674
15.8
29,598
0.6
1,366
0.0
675,832
14.8
292
0.0
9,961
0.2
9,283
0.2
525,773
11.5
2,679
0.1
5,181
0.1
203,005
4.4
2,759
0.1
65,996
1.4
15,062
0.3
38,554
0.8
26,775
0.6
111,440
2.4
54,322
1.2
2,270
24
0.0
635
0.0
10
0.0
33
0.0
41
0.0
47
0.0
72
0.0
2,270
0.0
75
0.0
141
0.0
72
0.0
59
0.0
53
0.0
610,933
13.3
126,941
2.8
465,288
10.2
18,704
0.4
4,577,539
100.0
12,150,193
37.7
AAGRd
%
5.4
5.4
1.4
0.3
4.4
1.9
2.6
0.9
0.5
3.5
0.4
2.5
0.3
6.2
6.8
0.2
3.8
1.2
4.1
4.2
4.8
2.9
4.2
10.7
2.9
3.2
6.6
0.8
3.1
8.3
4.9
5.1
1.9
1.4
5.6
6.6
13.9
8.9
0.1
2.6
0.7
1.2
0.5
0.9
5.9
1.6
0.8
2.4
3.6
5.0
0.3
2.2
0.2
1.2
4.5
2.0
2.4
= no data or not applicable, AAGR = average annual growth rate, ADB = Asian Development Bank, DMC = developing member country, ktoe = thousand tons of oil
equivalent.
Notes: Energy values are rounded to the nearest ones, while percentage values are rounded to the nearest tenths. Figures may not add up to total because of rounding.
a
Data of the former republics of the Soviet Union in Central and West Asia in 1990 are not included, as these countries had just declared independence from the former
Soviet Union during that period.
b
Column entries for Cambodia are for the year 1995; for the Marshall Islands, for 2003; for the Federated States of Micronesia, for 2000; and for Timor-Leste, for 2000. These
values are not included in the regional totals.
c
Values for Afghanistan, Bhutan, Maldives, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, TimorLeste, Tonga, and Vanuatu are 2008 data. These values are not included in the regional totals.
d
Growth rates are estimated from 1994 to 2009, if data are available. Growth rates for Afghanistan, Bhutan, Maldives, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa, Tonga, and
Vanuatu are for the period from 1994 to 2008, while those for Cambodia are from 1995 to 2009; for the Marshall Islands, from 2003 to 2008; for the Federated States of
Micronesia, from 2000 to 2008; and for Timor-Leste, from 2002 to 2008. The growth rate in the Pacific was not calculated, as only Papua New Guinea has data for 2009.
Sources: ADB (unpublished), APERC (APEC Energy Database), IEA (2011b), Lao PDR Ministry of Energy and Mines (unpublished), and UNSD (2011a).
Figure 2.2.3
13
Indigenous Energy Production by Type, 19942009
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
ktoe
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Others

UNSD (2011a).
Asia and the Pacific depended on sources outside of the region for 14.3% of its primary energy
needs in 2009. Although the region produced 3,922 Mtoe of energy during that year, its primary
energy requirements reached 4,578 Mtoe. The region had a net energy import of 812 Mtoe,
importing 1,748 Mtoe of coal, crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas but exporting
935 Mtoe of coal, crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas (Figure 2.2.2).
Indigenous Production
The total indigenous energy production in Asia and the Pacific in 2009 amounted to
3,922 Mtoe (Figure 2.2.3). Of this total, coal accounted for 57.8% or 2,268 Mtoe. Crude oil and
natural gas comprised 13.9% (544 Mtoe) and 13.0% (510 Mtoe), respectively. Biomass had an
8.7% share, while nuclear contributed 3.7% (145 million toe), and hydro 2.2% (88 Mtoe). Other
renewable energy, such as geothermal, solar, wind, and liquid biofuels, accounted for 0.7%
(27 Mtoe). Figure 2.2.4 shows the composition of indigenous production in Asia and the Pacific
in 1994 and 2009.
14
Figure 2.2.4
Indigenous Energy Production in Asia and the Pacific, 1994 and 2009
1994
Geothermal
0.5%
Nuclear
5.0%
Hydro
2.3%
2009
Others
0.1%
Geothermal
0.6%
Biomass
10.8%
Others
0.1%
Biomass
8.7%
Gas
13.0%
Gas
12.8%
Oil
19.8%
Nuclear
3.7%
Hydro
2.2%
Coal
48.8%
Oil
13.9%
Coal
57.8%
1,947,289 ktoe
3,922,397 ktoe

UNSD (2011a).
East Asia, being the largest consumer of energy, was also the largest energy producer and
was responsible for 50.1% of the total energy production in Asia and the Pacific in 2009. This
increased from 42.8% in 1994 (Table 2.2.2).
In 1994, Southeast Asia was only the third-largest energy producer among the six country
groupings in Asia and the Pacific. Yet with its average growth rate in energy production of 5.6%,
this region already surpassed South Asia in energy production by 2004, and in 2009 accounted
for 15.9% of indigenous energy production in Asia and the Pacific.
By country, the PRC still had the largest share in energy production (48.4%) in 2009, followed
by India (12.8%), Indonesia (8.6%), and Australia (7.6%).
15
Table 2.2.2 Indigenous Energy Production in Asia and the Pacific, 1990, 1994, and 2009
Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Total World (B)
A/B (%)
1990a
ktoe
% Share
1,322,727
84.3
1,317,781
84.0
34,740
2.2
564
0.0
34,176
2.2
741,929
47.3
705,811
45.0
0
0.0
22,622
1.4
2,748
0.2
10,748
0.7
313,244
20.0
10,757
0.7
980
0.1
291,816
18.6
0
0.0
5,500
0.4
4,191
0.3
227,868
14.5
15,259
1.0
119,434
7.6
1,085
0.1
46,529
3.0
10,654
0.7
17,222
1.1
19
0.0
11,854
0.8
5,811
0.4
4,946
0.3
0
0.0
235
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
4,612
0.3
18
0.0
75
0.0
0
0.0
5
0.0
246,247
15.7
158,144
10.1
75,441
4.8
12,662
0.8
1,568,974
100.0
8,815,446
18
1994b
ktoe
% Share
1,670,554
85.8
1,664,201
85.5
209,050
10.7
447
0.0
303
0.0
14,936
0.8
1,030
0.1
70,856
3.6
1,465
0.1
39,522
2.0
1,537
0.1
32,850
1.7
46,104
2.4
833,540
42.8
800,991
41.1
0
0.0
19,419
1.0
2,325
0.1
10,805
0.6
344,543
17.7
12,455
0.6
1,035
0.1
321,067
16.5
0
0.0
5,989
0.3
3,997
0.2
277,068
14.2
16,886
0.9
2,901
0.1
146,142
7.5
1,221
0.1
56,516
2.9
10,954
0.6
16,473
0.8
53
0.0
17,586
0.9
11,237
0.6
6,353
0.3
0
0.0
370
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2
0.0
5,882
0.3
19
0.0
75
0.0
7,242
0.4
0
0.0
5
0.0
276,734
14.2
173,825
8.9
89,291
4.6
13,619
0.7
1,947,289
100.0
9,036
21,551
2009c
ktoe
% Share
3,515,501
89.6
3,512,752
89.6
381,573
9.7
483
0.0
825
0.0
64,558
1.6
1,258
0.0
145,813
3.7
1,161
0.0
64,858
1.7
1,502
0.0
40,904
1.0
60,694
1.5
1,966,083
50.1
1,897,388
48.4
65
0.0
47,139
1.2
7,689
0.2
13,801
0.4
541,215
13.8
24,837
0.6
1,720
0.0
502,470
12.8
0
0.0
8,822
0.2
5,086
0.1
623,881
15.9
19,905
0.5
3,668
0.1
335,475
8.6
2,368
0.1
84,469
2.2
22,358
0.6
23,295
0.6
121
0.0
66,024
1.7
66,199
1.7
2,749
0
0.0
240
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2
0.0
2,749
0.1
21
0.0
76
0.0
7,369
0.2
1
0.0
20
0.0
406,896
10.4
296,282
7.6
94,020
2.4
16,593
0.4
3,922,397
100.0
12,292
31,911
AAGRd
%
5.1
5.1
4.1
0.6
6.9
10.3
1.3
4.9
1.5
3.4
0.2
1.5
1.8
5.9
5.9
6.1
8.3
1.6
3.1
4.7
3.7
3.0
2.6
1.6
5.6
1.1
1.7
5.7
4.5
2.7
4.9
2.3
5.7
9.2
12.6
3.0
0.7
4.9
1.0
0.1
0.3
9.8
2.6
3.6
0.3
1.3
4.8
2.1
2.7
equivalent.
a
b
c
Values for Afghanistan, Bhutan, Maldives, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste,
Tonga, and Vanuatu are 2008 data. These values are not included in the regional totals.
d
16
Final Energy Consumption

The level of final energy consumption in 2009 of 2,917 Mtoe grew by 3.5% annually on average
from 1,746 Mtoe in 1994 (Table 2.2.3). This growth rate from 1994 was lower than that of primary
energy supply (4.5%), indicating that net energy consumption growth in the transformation
sector surpassed that of the final energy consumption sector. The faster increase in the
consumption of the transformation sector could be attributed to the faster growth of thermal
electricity generation than hydroelectricity generation. Thermal generation, which uses fossil
fuels, has lower thermal efficiencies as compared to hydro, which is assumed to have 100%
conversion efficiency.
On a sector basis, the TFEC of the residential/commercial sector increased by 3.3% per annum
on average, from 465 Mtoe in 1994 to 760 Mtoe in 2009. The transport sectors consumption
grew by 3.8% annually, on average, from 274 Mtoe in 1994 to 480 Mtoe in 2009, while the
industry sectors consumption grew by 3.6% from 1994 to 2009. Its total consumption of
1,277Mtoe was the largest for all sectors in 2009, with a share of 43.8% to the TFEC (Figures
2.2.5 and 2.2.7). The transport sectors share was 16.5%, while the residential and commercial
sectors combined represented 26.1%.
Figure 2.2.5 Final Energy Consumption by Sector in Asia and the Pacific,
1994 and 2009
1994
2009
Commercial
5.1%
Commercial
5.0%
Others
13.7%
Others
14.9%
Residential
21.0%
Residential
21.7%
Transport
15.7%
Industry
42.7%
1,745,749 ktoe
Transport
16.5%
Industry
43.8%
2,916,708 ktoe

UNSD (2011a).
By type of fuel, oil consumption increased by 3.1% per annum on average, from 634 Mtoe in
1990 to 1,004 Mtoe in 2009 (Figures 2.2.6 and 2.2.8).
Electricity consumption rose by 6.1% per annum, from 228 Mtoe in 1994 to 554 Mtoe in
2009. Gas consumption increased by 6.9%, from 120 Mtoe in 1994 to 324 Mtoe in 2009. Coal
consumption grew by 1.4%, from 523 Mtoe in 1994 to 643 Mtoe in 2009. The consumption of
other fuels (mostly biomass) increased by 3.0%, from 204 Mtoe in 1994 to 320 Mtoe in 2009.
Figure 2.2.6
Final Energy Consumption by Type in Asia and the Pacific, 1994 and 2009
1994
Heat
2.1%
17
2009
Others
0.0%
Heat
2.5%
Others
0.1%
Biomass
10.9%
Biomass
11.6%
Coal
29.9%
Electricity
13.0%
Coal
22.1%
Electricity
19.0%
Gas
6.9%
Oil
36.4%
Gas
11.1%
1,745,749 ktoe
Oil
34.4%
2,916,708 ktoe

UNSD (2011a).
Figure 2.2.7
Final Energy Consumption by Sector, 19942009
3,000,000
2,500,000
ktoe
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
500,000
Others

UNSD (2011a).
Figure 2.2.8
Final Energy Consumption by Type, 19942009
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
ktoe
1,500,000
1,000,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
500,000
1994
18
Others

UNSD (2011a).
From 1994 to 2009, Southeast Asia experienced the fastest growth in TFEC among the six
country groupings, with a 6.4% average annual growth rate (Table 2.2.3). Consequently,
Southeast Asias share of TFEC in Asia and the Pacific increased from 8.0% in 1994 to 12.2% in
2009. East Asia had the second-fastest annual growth rate at 4.7%, which resulted in an increase
in its share of the total from 43.2% in 1994 to 51.4% in 2009. The third-fastest annual growth
rate was in South Asia at 3.3%, followed by Central and West Asia at 1.0%. The Developed Group
exhibited a slight decline in consumption from 400 Mtoe in 1994 to 399 Mtoe in 2009, while
the Pacific had growth of 4.0% per annum from 1994 to 2008.
Table 2.2.3
19
Final Energy Consumption in Asia and the Pacific, 1990, 1994 and 2009

Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Total World (B)
A/B (%)
1990a
ktoe
% Share
1,012,928
73.2
1,011,889
73.1
36,810
2.7
608
0.0
36,202
2.6
593,798
42.9
489,928
35.4
6,689
0.5
64,908
4.7
2,972
0.2
29,302
2.1
274,089
19.8
10,972
0.8
317
0.0
251,694
18.2
43
0.0
5,760
0.4
5,304
0.4
107,192
7.7
417
0.0
33,956
2.5
1,092
0.1
13,146
0.9
9,376
0.7
19,474
1.4
5,322
0.4
20,196
1.5
4,212
0.3
1,039
0.1
3
0.0
226
0.0
1
0.0
36
0.0
613
0.0
44
0.0
82
0.0
19
0.0
15
0.0
370,912
26.8
56,459
4.1
304,760
22.0
9,693
0.7
1,383,841
100.0
6,292,529
22.0
1994b
ktoe
% Share
1,345,855
77.1
1,344,743
77.0
147,861
8.5
388
0.0
1,073
0.1
10,741
0.6
3,594
0.2
41,660
2.4
2,448
0.1
42,514
2.4
2,115
0.1
8,911
0.5
34,417
2.0
753,805
43.2
609,183
34.9
9,236
0.5
96,462
5.5
1,891
0.1
37,033
2.1
302,716
17.3
12,358
0.7
397
0.0
277,800
15.9
65
0.0
6,471
0.4
5,625
0.3
140,361
8.0
564
0.0
3,154
0.2
44,562
2.6
1,229
0.1
19,287
1.1
10,106
0.6
20,404
1.2
6,967
0.4
30,541
1.7
6,701
0.4
1,112
0.1
3
0.0
230
0.0
0
0.0
13
0.0
25
0.0
36
0.0
26
0.0
654
0.0
45
0.0
78
0.0
27
0.0
26
0.0
13
0.0
399,894
22.9
59,967
3.4
328,995
18.8
10,932
0.6
1,745,749
100.0
6,404,151
27.3
2009c
ktoe
% Share
2,517,343
86.3
2,516,181
86.3
170,374
5.8
661
0.0
1,914
0.1
6,575
0.2
2,520
0.1
37,426
1.3
2,666
0.1
69,850
2.4
1,991
0.1
11,573
0.4
35,859
1.2
1,500,363
51.4
1,279,634
43.9
6,887
0.2
147,438
5.1
2,413
0.1
63,990
2.2
490,298
16.8
23,136
0.8
1,335
0.0
449,271
15.4
249
0.0
9,881
0.3
8,010
0.3
355,147
12.2
955
0.0
4,664
0.2
137,153
4.7
2,368
0.1
38,244
1.3
13,806
0.5
22,926
0.8
16,114
0.6
72,143
2.5
46,775
1.6
1,162
8
0.0
434
0.0
7
0.0
14
0.0
27
0.0
38
0.0
45
0.0
1,162
0.0
55
0.0
109
0.0
37
0.0
47
0.0
29
0.0
399,365
13.7
77,082
2.6
309,778
10.6
12,504
0.4
2,916,708
100.0
8,352,767
34.9
AAGRd
%
4.3
4.3
0.9
3.9
3.9
3.2
2.3
0.7
0.6
3.4
0.4
1.8
0.3
4.7
5.1
1.9
2.9
1.6
3.7
3.3
4.3
9.1
3.3
10.1
2.9
2.4
6.4
3.6
2.8
7.8
4.5
4.7
2.1
0.8
5.7
5.9
13.8
6.3
4.6
21.6
2.9
1.1
0.3
4.0
3.9
1.5
2.5
5.4
4.3
5.7
0.0
1.7
0.4
0.9
3.5
1.8
1.7
equivalent.
a
b
c
d
Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fuel Combustion

Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion increased by 4.0% per annum, on average,
from 1994 to 2009 (Figure 2.2.9). However, this growth rate is lower than the 4.5% annual
increase of the TPES.
Figure 2.2.9
Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 19942009
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
-
kt C
1,500,000
1,000,000
Coal
Oil
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
500,000
1994
20
Gas
kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent.

Sources: APERC (APEC Energy Database) and APERC estimates.
Energy Balance Table

This section presents the 20062009 aggregate energy balance table for Asia and the Pacific
(Tables 2.2.42.2.7) along with a summary table containing energy, economic, and demographic data from 1994 to 2009 (Table 2.2.8).
Data of 15 countries (Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Maldives, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, and
Vanuatu), which comprised 0.1% of the total in 2008, were not yet available at the time of
publication, and are therefore not included in the 2009 energy balance table.
Asia and the Pacifics indigenous energy production in 2009 was only 85.7% of its TPES, making
it a net importer of energy during the year. Also, 55.7% of the coal supply was used for power
generation during the same year.
Likewise, in the same year, oil and petroleum products accounted for 34.4% of TFEC, followed
in order by coal (22.1%), electricity (19.0%), gas (11.1%), biomass (11.0%), and heat (2.5%).
The category Others consists mainly of waste and commercial renewable energy, which are
used to generate electricity and consumed directly in the industry sector and the residential/
commercial sector. It also includes solar, wind, heat, and imported electricity.
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
425,587
3,795,928
20,224
17,158
52,579
8,846
61,425
298,324
402,011
3.
4.
817,383
508,482
1,357
11,219
7,944
1,352
13,274
749
7,705
1,606
9,312
10,061
91,101
114,442
6,524
8,510
159,788
99,996
354,470
4,183
12
12
2,854
7,048
5,916
9,566
5,667
0 1,120,966
1,622
23,067
135,099 1,123,243
5,623 1,145,161
2,803
11,242 179,347
8,423
9,881
83,081
118,357
76,606
83,974
33,072
117,047
193,653
402,846
226,243
941,099
24,813
45,100
6,537
568
1,094,375
1,995
86,043
999,232
20,086
8,307
3,499
94,239
210,810
300,241
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
Products and NGLs Products
2.
4.2
4.3
159
12,806
3,534
3,377
6,911
19,717
163,665
6,052
189,594
538
724
183,235
10
183,225
5,568
987
176
29,423
30,596
21
99
3,450
34,096
3,788
37,884
41,334
104
5,844
47,381
551
201
48,444
296
48,148
27
12
1,995
2,827
4,834
1,168
349
48,304
2,690
7,719
10,409
58,713
188,422
52,027
299,511
2,060
4,477
338,125
19,695
318,429
194
16,695
1,438
4,289
62,525
48,682
0
0
3,288
1,026
43,390
8,275
51,664
52,691
9,099
16,265
81,343
595
2,234
45,917
1,144
663
44,106
9,278
29,598
615
5,113
35,327
LPG
4.5
187
1,165
7,464
263
9,843
10,105
17,569
18,091
57,625
94,450
5,826
6,549
21
174,291
134
57,327
116,809
772
10,756
2,143
57,317
43,796
92,501
4.4
Gas/Diesel
Gasoline Kerosene
Oil
Fuel Oil
4.1
GWh = gigawatt-hour, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, LPG = liquefied petroleum gas, NGL = natural gas liquid, TJ = terajoule.
Note: Figures may not add up to total because of rounding.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
78,583
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
14.
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
14.1
4,881
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
24,515
74,603
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Other
Transformation
8.5.
301,879
9.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
7,291
1,050,500
1,359,670
1,811,769
38
291,226
275,519
10.
Gas Processing
Refineries
8.2
Power Generation
8.1
8.3
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1,827,514
1.
Asia and the Pacific Energy Balance Table, 2006
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 2.2.4
Gas
160,187
450,423
5.
459,274
2,036
59,479
113,297
3,557
71
72
3,629
23,465
88,430
228,820
21,628
30,914
6,532
546
304,362
718
195,745
879,557
24,985
10,019
58,119
20,785
78,904
88,923
7,231
89,884
211,022
1,312
52,044
1,239
79
3,422
8,052 190,156
288,515 194,896
4,302
11,454
32,623
67,126 149,300
88,303
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
148,928
148,928
Nuclear
7.
867,109
571,483
74,562 148,928
74,562 148,928
74,562
74,562
Hydro
6.
17,200
14
14
14
20,596
20,596
20,610
20,610
Geothermal
8.
15
15
177
15
15
Solar
9.
13,415
989
989
988
988
Wind
10.
53,628
112
244,543
7,373
251,916
252,027
120
60,864
313,011
3,014
46
7,883
17,326
25,209
335,253
21
63
335,217
Biomass
11.
572,015
572,011
131
4,250
4,381
Electricity
13.
13,573
6,869
129
714
97
811
941
142
1,083
38,595
97,752
66,554
164,306
202,901
8,008
259,756
470,664
1,360
0 100,122
207
207
1,290
1,290
Others
12.
Total
9,754
94,239
8,867
0 3,984,051
0 846,182
0 1,566,197
0 3,368,029
14,330
26,591
9,991
2,059
181,023
149,543
562,572
140,003
702,575
852,118
423,179
744,782
0 6,644,269
6,163
17,178
1,663
18,841
25,004
88
36,749 1,065,916
61,841 2,522,235
1,497
13,970 303,960
0 142,738
77,307 971,012
77,307 1,164,667
Heat
15.
Unit: ktoe
14.
21
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
464,730
4,252,402
21,317
17,676
51,010
8,822
59,832
315,692
419,157
3.
4.
839,053
520,474
48
12,127
9,240
1,135
15,170
738
7,279
1,535
8,813
9,551
100,262
124,987
8,202
10,518
174,787
105,887
350,606
4,728
2,886
7,614
9,251
9,545
5,905
0 1,149,239
1,823
22,072
150,893 1,152,574
7,186 1,172,609
5,193
11,624 186,870
9,631
5,527
89,179
142,144
75,369
85,244
34,013
119,258
194,627
422,748
220,759
980,278
17,161
45,466
6,726
581
1,124,890
1,521
82,828
1,033,234
18,759
9,088
1,422
97,333
234,885
321,708
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
4.3
195
12,733
4,477
3,674
8,151
20,884
169,025
7,239
197,343
1,037
851
194,304
194,303
5,561
2,706
282
914
34,147
32,636
22
85
3,184
31,061
3,657
34,718
37,902
112
5,385
43,484
1,143
192
41,095
177
40,917
296
4,198
1,143
2,268
5,323
42
1,249
306
49,042
3,003
9,738
12,741
61,782
201,780
51,320
315,189
1,680
3,944
356,356
13
20,124
336,218
128
18,895
968
4,095
72,345
56,576
754
4,073
1,168
7,514
238
8,164
8,401
15,915
17,520
53,985
88,588
1,191
6,426
21
164,760
50
53,792
110,897
2,807
11,886
349
58,217
45,675
92,355
4.4
Gas/Diesel
Gasoline Kerosene
Oil
Fuel Oil
4.1
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
77,508
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
14.
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
14.1
4,640
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
8,819
51,569
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Other
Transformation
8.5.
309,675
9.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
8,070
1,142,918
1,460,663
1,940,208
8,239
311,072
299,882
10.
Gas Processing
Refineries
8.2
Power Generation
8.1
8.3
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1,959,637
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 2.2.5
3,908
1,360
46,465
8,550
55,015
56,375
9,172
17,575
87,030
1,890
1,956
48,263
967
696
46,596
11,126
29,375
228
5,623
34,770
LPG
4.5
Gas
169,624
475,891
5.
493,335
329
66,967
136,483
1,536
231
232
1,768
25,138
85,255
248,644
19,434
32,097
6,719
560
320,110
491
202,308
958,613
24,433
14,294
60,991
22,728
83,719
98,012
8,945
95,535
226,926
2,027
55,607
394
82
5,149
8,038 207,204
304,302 212,830
5,046
9,173
287
34,108
74,827 152,509
100,048
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
142,601
142,601
Nuclear
7.
909,127
547,202
78,184 142,601
78,184 142,601
78,184
78,184
Hydro
6.
17,084
16
16
16
20,806
20,806
20,822
20,822
Geothermal
8.
20
20
241
20
20
Solar
9.
18,296
1,395
1,395
1,394
1,394
Wind
10.
62,955
130
247,754
7,496
255,250
255,380
134
61,027
316,541
3,015
39
8,477
19,156
27,633
341,197
23
171
341,056
Biomass
11.
621,025
621,025
278
4,637
4,358
Electricity
13.
13,406
6,853
179
771
102
874
1,053
146
1,199
40,681
101,916
70,635
172,551
213,232
8,612
290,855
512,700
2,045
0 106,002
205
205
1,404
1,404
Others
12.
Total
11,752
97,333
6,631
45 4,175,268
0 901,604
0 1,644,428
45 3,541,528
16,562
24,350
9,692
23,652
207,792
155,760
572,600
147,116
719,716
875,476
445,183
1,884
793,741
0 7,213,693
6,693
17,627
1,777
19,404
26,096
100
42,066 1,129,229
68,262 2,657,680
1,720
11,481 290,227
0 135,551
81,419 1,024,185
81,419 1,210,340
Heat
15.
Unit: ktoe
14.
22
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
1,860,507
4,382,535
27,530
20,778
58,289
14,489
72,778
401,585
527,141
3.
4.
850,766
546,891
16,752
13,976
9,665
1,147
14,996
509
6,026
873
6,899
7,408
79,704
102,110
5,130
10,903
144,202
113,901
343,379
4,779
3,420
8,199
9,658
12,150
5,511
0 1,158,445
1,823
15,247
127,131 1,162,599
8,988 1,187,266
7,921
10,069 193,639
9,001
3,977
83,471
146,864
70,544
91,263
24,114
115,377
185,921
437,308
213,569
983,663
21,324
48,315
5,623
727
1,136,306
1,445
80,337
1,048,174
16,340
11,212
3,275
95,417
246,803
334,282
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
4.3
196
13,608
8,810
1,439
10,249
23,857
171,588
7,314
202,955
140
827
201,062
201,060
740
1,841
937
34,417
37,203
15
100
2,913
29,393
3,542
32,935
35,848
98
5,231
41,277
123
125
39,563
141
39,422
139
2,242
1,011
2,214
3,444
42
1,207
491
44,047
6,954
4,803
11,757
55,805
209,962
58,199
324,456
970
5,968
376,995
19,595
357,400
47
27,898
3,548
2,836
83,700
62,185
0
0
586
4,912
1,265
45,888
7,020
52,908
54,173
9,407
15,907
84,399
312
1,776
287
48,800
946
795
46,771
11,309
28,407
148
5,086
33,641
LPG
4.5
1,884
946
7,166
217
7,084
7,301
14,466
18,912
46,833
81,157
1,742
5,743
21
152,896
20
51,472
101,382
2,332
10,408
253
58,258
50,938
98,534
4.4
Gas/Diesel
Gasoline Kerosene
Oil
Fuel Oil
4.1
GWh = gigawatthour, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, LPG = liquefied petroleum gas, NGL = natural gas liquid, TJ = terajoule.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
93,556
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
14.
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
14.1
4,470
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
1,612
69,349
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Other
Transformation
8.5.
325,700
9.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
7,121
1,175,513
1,508,334
2,103,212
33,086
314,241
309,085
10.
Gas Processing
Refineries
8.2
Power Generation
8.1
8.3
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
2,141,454
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 2.2.6
Gas
175,951
513,917
5.
534,628
2,192
26,179
14,323
67,835
22,566
90,401
104,724
15,926
162,528
309,357
1,219
61,923
82
56,758
253,062
138,304
138,304
Nuclear
7.
530,715
86,066 138,304
86,066 138,304
86,067
86,067
Hydro
6.
68,605 1,007,866 1,000,766
140,220
1,545
226
227
1,773
27,341
80,085
249,419
20,258
33,876
5,336
706
316,992
479
8,333 221,244
302,139 164,568
6,809
5,395
95
34,316
70,448 153,048
99,274
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
18,115
12
14
14
14
22,791
22,791
22,805
22,805
Geothermal
8.
42
42
493
42
42
Solar
9.
21,141
1,615
1,615
1,615
1,615
Wind
10.
75,274
200
250,304
7,615
257,919
258,119
148
62,711
320,978
3,203
45
9,212
19,516
28,728
346,547
10
71
120
346,509
Biomass
11.
643,317
643,317
117
4,528
4,645
Electricity
13.
12,733
6,699
184
761
105
867
1,051
146
1,198
42,322
110,372
73,060
183,432
225,754
9,097
298,686
533,537
2,539
0 107,356
189
189
1,387
1,387
Others
12.
Total
63,234
95,417
2,364
43 4,401,833
0 922,399
0 1,683,850
43 3,799,033
46,369
22,138
9,326
14,231
220,348
155,548
603,775
144,716
748,491
904,039
467,050
1,800 2,245,981
0 7,471,599
6,687
18,912
1,892
20,804
27,491
99
42,460 1,264,810
70,050 2,856,247
931
10,433 320,474
0 182,306
81,370 1,045,842
81,370 1,213,244
Heat
15.
Unit: ktoe
14.
23
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
1,914,656
4,585,293
28,467
37,138
58,262
15,687
73,950
397,991
541,882
3.
4.
876,675
543,664
5,580
14,492
3,704
1,130
15,702
460
5,445
721
6,166
6,626
79,139
101,468
3,648
9,746
138,436
95,035
264,041
6,288
2,340
8,628
934
8,509
5,840
0 1,191,462
1,090
13,716
123,629 1,189,327
8,767 1,220,021
15,851
687 194,738
7,770
2,596
76,068
148,742
69,999
92,368
23,394
115,762
185,761
448,434
212,232
995,169
27,266
47,531
5,673
653
1,143,410
1,294
69,205
1,066,585
24,183
20,801
2,944
98,477
271,826
346,558
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
4.3
255
13,167
10,293
1,563
11,856
25,023
175,035
8,580
208,892
5,245
821
219,559
219,558
820
5,420
781
43,183
38,544
70
2,754
26,436
3,617
30,053
32,807
82
4,851
37,810
185
123
38,075
128
37,947
41
131
224
2,790
2,697
76
435
44,424
7,435
5,268
12,704
57,128
216,331
58,341
332,234
398
5,619
394,798
18,616
376,182
61
37,869
133
5,797
97,357
65,152
0
0
209
6,814
1,353
47,858
6,796
54,654
56,007
9,359
14,835
87,014
2,181
1,244
424
47,089
875
626
45,164
11,402
29,511
257
5,350
34,605
LPG
4.5
489
746
6,778
345
5,952
6,297
13,075
19,402
39,371
72,594
3,365
4,991
17
126,979
40,871
86,088
1,415
3,724
1,542
58,158
51,124
104,016
4.4
Gas/Diesel
Gasoline Kerosene
Oil
Fuel Oil
4.1
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
111,088
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
14.
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
14.1
4,337
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
80,776
51,914
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Other
Transformation
8.5.
328,441
9.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
6,681
1,228,973
1,564,095
2,238,667
40,786
333,903
344,929
10.
Gas Processing
Refineries
8.2
Power Generation
8.1
8.3
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
2,268,428
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 2.2.7
Gas
166,736
509,615
5.
547,037
737
26,674
11,270
66,564
23,260
89,824
101,094
17,649
179,000
324,417
6,014
71,970
67
75,781
244,729
145,454
145,454
Nuclear
7.
558,151
87,602 145,454
87,602 145,454
87,603
87,603
Hydro
6.
63,964 1,040,237 1,017,639
140,423
1,524
197
198
1,722
28,225
86,254
256,625
20,254
34,733
5,249
636
316,909
416
8,962 232,378
301,646 156,664
13,396
3,430
1,569
34,522
72,021 130,052
101,544
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
26,884
38
44
44
44
23,191
23,191
23,235
23,235
Geothermal
8.
78
78
922
78
78
Solar
9.
28,180
2,103
2,103
2,103
2,103
Wind
10.
94,513
192
251,056
7,785
258,841
259,033
164
59,031
318,228
2,746
9,573
15,582
25,155
340,637
24
179
125
340,666
Biomass
11.
662,222
662,222
720
4,072
4,792
Electricity
13.
12,824
6,670
286
768
113
880
1,166
152
1,318
46,900
117,387
75,707
193,095
239,995
9,485
304,325
553,805
2,311
0 106,827
193
193
1,511
1,511
Others
12.
Total
58,511
98,477
9,691
40 4,577,539
0 935,456
0 1,747,586
40 3,922,397
66,716
48,052
9,407
76,336
225,872
173,123
611,935
148,538
760,473
933,595
480,171
1,675 2,271,515
0 7,699,728
6,878
20,047
1,865
21,912
28,790
101
42,858 1,277,069
71,749 2,916,708
891
10,434 335,795
0 190,726
83,034 1,076,923
83,034 1,258,392
Heat
15.
Unit: ktoe
14.
24
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Final Energy Consumption by Sector (ktoe)
Solar
Geothermal
Nuclear
Hydro
Gas
Oil
1992
Coal
Primary Energy Supply (ktoe)
Gas
Oil
1991
Coal
1990
1993
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,451
209,939
18
10,300
96,936
44,356
249,447
385,371
1,501
219,996
46
11,492
107,061
46,321
278,430
397,032
1,521
220,236
80
12,529
113,178
45,602
294,152
407,565
1,539
224,648
91
13,805
120,136
46,501
292,767
409,951
1,455
226,906
100
16,194
125,189
49,575
295,851
425,355
1,368
231,097
136
17,790
127,537
47,751
319,668
421,207
1,375
235,085
162
19,694
131,404
49,376
348,625
444,222
1,336
238,053
224
19,457
132,747
54,211
340,740
445,273
1,297
242,209
277
19,592
135,893
54,762
363,317
462,428
1,241
245,842
384
19,268
120,799
57,312
389,877
468,735
1,301
320,485
484
11
20,013
137,739
64,147
411,758
490,157
1,306
329,960
717
12
19,881
144,738
68,313
439,561
492,527
1,290
335,217
988
15
20,610
148,928
74,562
450,423
508,482
1,449
341,056
1,394
20
20,822
142,601
78,184
475,891
520,474
1,430
346,509
1,615
42
22,805
138,304
86,067
513,917
546,891
1,551
340,666
2,103
78
23,235
145,454
87,603
509,615
543,664
949,470 1,024,453 1,054,243 1,024,101 1,006,991 1,027,410 1,063,271 1,132,130 1,182,133 1,338,917 1,554,198 1,691,072 1,827,514 1,959,637 2,141,454 2,268,428
1995
2,553
209,936
18
10,300
96,936
44,356
243,980
806,058
2,006
220,018
46
11,492
107,061
46,321
269,693
848,993
2,195
220,243
80
12,529
113,178
45,602
283,324
901,127
1,673
224,671
91
13,805
120,136
46,501
297,007
930,873
963,907 1,020,422 1,056,708 1,015,220
1,742
226,937
100
16,194
125,189
49,575
306,387
909,604
1,540
231,124
136
17,790
127,537
47,751
321,465
945,469
1,668
235,120
162
19,694
131,404
49,376
336,460
984,263
1,636
238,080
224
19,457
132,747
54,211
342,521
970,697
1,427
242,242
277
19,592
135,893
54,762
361,613
1,069
245,873
384
19,268
120,799
57,312
392,090
1,034
320,537
484
11
20,013
137,739
64,147
412,003
1,312
330,016
717
12
19,881
144,738
68,313
432,836
1,421
335,253
988
15
20,610
148,928
74,562
459,274
1,171
341,197
1,394
20
20,822
142,601
78,184
493,335
1,547
346,547
1,615
42
22,805
138,304
86,067
534,628
2,271
340,637
2,103
78
23,235
145,454
87,603
547,037
998,912 1,036,459 1,101,894 1,109,339 1,136,854 1,163,521 1,176,054 1,199,221
996,977 1,036,258 1,063,202 1,091,556 1,138,831 1,294,500 1,534,146 1,681,064 1,806,146 1,933,022 2,094,224 2,229,900
260,542
86,453
378,763
273,987
746,003
241,821
92,126
409,096
293,664
806,799
249,790
94,439
429,655
299,391
827,431
253,480
99,147
420,708
314,213
797,032
233,316
109,536
392,954
317,748
765,260
241,832
114,610
413,511
331,993
808,796
242,674
111,808
426,849
343,553
823,894
246,174
115,770
429,905
345,624
833,658
254,226
121,347
443,883
356,477
862,106
272,127
127,347
462,469
372,146
941,879
307,190
135,688
528,712
396,515
316,076
142,345
548,426
412,601
330,566
140,003
562,572
423,179
363,552
147,116
572,600
445,183
375,896
144,716
603,775
467,050
398,995
148,538
611,935
480,171
952,354 1,004,173 1,065,916 1,129,229 1,264,810 1,277,069
continued on next page
1,745,749 1,843,506 1,900,705 1,884,580 1,818,814 1,910,742 1,948,779 1,971,131 2,038,038 2,175,967 2,320,460 2,423,621 2,522,235 2,657,680 2,856,247 2,916,708
2,378,045 2,526,054 2,634,991 2,649,982 2,632,708 2,729,075 2,821,354 2,851,136 2,953,557 3,167,762 3,592,008 3,788,229 3,984,051 4,175,268 4,401,833 4,577,539
1,947,289 2,086,333 2,149,110 2,133,544 2,147,620 2,193,970 2,293,222 2,364,177 2,461,917 2,642,384 3,000,292 3,188,087 3,368,029 3,541,528 3,799,033 3,922,397
1994
Asia and the Pacific Summary Table, 19902009
Indigenous Production (ktoe)
Table 2.2.8
25
1990
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Oil
Gas
Total
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
CO2 Emissions (kt C)
Coal
Fuel Input for Power Generation (ktoe)
Own Use
Total
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Loss and Own Use of Electricity (GWh)
Total
Hydro
Thermal
Power Generation (GWh)
Total
Gas
Oil
1991
Coal
Final Energy Consumption by Type (ktoe)
Table 2.2.8 continued
1992
1993
1,331
202,477
36,863
227,750
119,935
634,609
522,784
1,311
211,204
33,411
241,001
135,271
675,450
545,859
1995
1,282
212,426
34,384
253,372
138,868
710,232
550,141
1996
1,285
215,150
33,931
270,300
135,334
734,769
493,811
1997
1,214
216,407
35,081
278,054
143,908
720,122
424,028
1998
1,138
220,345
41,187
290,951
145,811
786,315
424,995
1999
1,150
224,147
45,260
310,111
148,917
808,907
410,287
2000
1,121
226,504
47,057
323,535
152,882
811,829
408,203
2001
1,080
229,804
51,070
342,868
160,380
836,788
416,049
2002
1,017
232,574
54,010
369,906
171,310
863,218
483,932
2003
1,084
298,840
52,928
398,255
180,596
917,339
471,418
2004
1,098
308,893
60,467
429,757
192,877
930,258
500,272
2005
1,097
313,011
61,841
470,664
211,022
948,147
516,453
2006
1,215
316,541
68,262
512,700
226,926
987,892
544,144
2007
643,350
2009
1,212
320,978
70,050
533,537
309,357
1,362
318,228
71,749
553,805
324,417
991,862 1,003,797
629,251
2008
16,346
207
18
10,437
373,290
515,776
17,747
538
22
11,213
411,826
538,551
18,490
937
32
12,269
435,398
530,190
20,213
1,059
37
13,285
461,576
540,654
20,364
1,162
44
15,038
481,704
576,374
21,662
1,611
49
16,845
489,842
555,180
22,550
1,961
64
17,940
504,864
574,063
25,213
2,803
76
16,654
509,948
630,190
26,337
3,618
89
16,467
522,129
636,658
29,996
5,095
105
16,038
463,865
666,043
42,641
6,728
120
16,537
528,547
745,837
55,926
9,830
142
16,419
555,401
794,354
60,497
13,415
177
17,200
571,483
867,109
69,808
18,296
241
17,084
547,202
81,973
21,141
493
18,115
530,715
101,183
28,180
922
26,884
558,151
909,127 1,000,766 1,017,639
606,958
91,808
116,854
398,296
300,410
111,329
189,081
649,207
103,535
113,868
431,804
325,623
117,689
207,934
697,011
109,595
114,005
473,412
341,665
121,868
219,797
706,760
117,870
116,535
472,355
352,685
125,323
227,363
713,712
124,301
101,900
487,511
377,470
127,050
250,419
795,484
133,068
98,572
563,844
405,123
128,086
277,037
854,992
142,664
99,707
612,620
438,962
143,373
295,589
884,184
150,039
90,563
643,583
465,037
150,256
314,781
167,468
91,167
764,906
478,011
158,359
319,652
172,900
91,807
871,767
820,314
314,321
505,992
933,154
357,896
575,258
987,823
389,451
598,372
407,353
395,290
989,835 1,037,526
630,173
594,545
180,830
91,806
184,312
90,707
201,164
88,741
213,689
86,483
225,071
69,994
953,211 1,060,861 1,151,115 1,135,213 1,185,526
851,315
333,240
518,075
931,179 1,023,541 1,136,474 1,225,847 1,335,880 1,441,020 1,435,385 1,480,591
158,875
88,171
684,133
462,507
150,565
311,942
144,563
600,689
153,639
631,490
159,564
655,056
168,093
668,015
172,577
657,035
186,879
699,411
199,952
713,393
204,818
704,132
213,820
713,892
229,607
734,445
247,044
788,880
258,902
795,042
272,316
806,848
296,194
816,674
351,794
818,335
373,195
806,637
2,030,384 2,172,260 2,275,931 2,210,571 2,102,751 2,209,873 2,275,993 2,304,480 2,386,841 2,627,660 2,865,819 3,060,150 3,261,201 3,413,733 3,580,174 3,680,353
1,285,132 1,387,131 1,461,310 1,374,462 1,273,139 1,323,583 1,362,648 1,395,530 1,459,129 1,663,608 1,829,895 2,006,206 2,182,037 2,300,866 2,410,045 2,500,520
3,274,215 3,502,099 3,679,303 3,846,204 3,965,762 4,134,492 4,426,239 4,644,021 4,906,927 5,270,845 5,684,122 6,136,314 6,644,269 7,213,693 7,471,599 7,699,728
2,358,142 2,522,201 2,681,986 2,809,379 2,871,075 3,049,304 3,304,796 3,459,136 3,701,630 4,089,703 4,343,712 4,704,242 5,114,388 5,651,935 5,818,397 5,966,769
1,745,749 1,843,506 1,900,705 1,884,580 1,818,814 1,910,742 1,948,779 1,971,131 2,038,038 2,175,967 2,320,460 2,423,621 2,522,235 2,657,680 2,856,247 2,916,708
1994
26
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
32.9
33.4
33.9
34.5
35.0
35.5
36.1
36.6
37.1
37.7
38.2
38.8
39.3
39.9
40.5
21.9
GDP - Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
TFEC/capita (toe/person)
TPES/GDP (toe/constant
2000 $ million)
TFEC/GDP (toe/constant
2000 $ million)
Import Dependency (%)
Oil Import Dependency (%)
Electricity/capita (kWh/
person)
CO2 Intensity (t C/constant

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
33
22.3
1,874
2,168
35
21.9
1,989
2,195
36
21.4
2,182
2,215
0.85
0.64
283
836
52.2
18.1
243
331
0.55
0.75
37
21.3
2,400
2,259
0.86
0.67
290
869
53.2
17.4
247
338
0.57
0.78
39
21.8
2,665
2,319
0.86
0.70
291
901
54.8
18.4
243
337
0.58
0.81
40
22.1
2,548
2,388
0.83
0.67
274
948
56.0
19.5
234
328
0.57
0.80
42
22.2
2,420
2,433
0.80
0.63
262
962
53.2
18.4
227
328
0.54
0.78
43
21.8
2,164
2,385
0.81
0.65
268
993
55.4
19.6
232
331
0.56
0.80
43
22.0
2,368
2,417
0.81
0.66
264
1,045
54.9
18.7
226
328
0.56
0.82
44
22.6
2,515
2,496
0.81
0.66
262
1,077
54.1
17.1
224
324
0.56
0.82
46
21.9
2,313
2,517
0.81
0.68
263
1,128
53.7
16.6
225
326
0.58
0.84
49
21.9
2,333
2,563
0.83
0.74
279
1,204
54.8
16.6
231
337
0.61
0.89
51
22.8
2,550
2,633
0.80
0.79
290
1,283
55.5
16.5
235
363
0.64
0.99
52
23.3
2,858
2,739
0.81
0.84
295
1,370
55.6
15.8
234
365
0.66
1.04
54
23.6
3,035
2,841
0.82
0.88
299
1,485
55.3
15.5
231
365
0.68
1.08
56
24.0
3,226
2,963
0.82
0.92
295
1,602
55.3
15.2
229
360
0.71
1.12
59
24.5
3,639
3,113
0.81
0.95
301
1,651
53.5
13.7
240
370
0.76
1.17
61
24.7
4,098
3,165
0.80
0.98
309
1,714
54.7
14.3
245
385
0.78
1.22
64
23.5
4,209
3,139
= data are not available, CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatt-hour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatt-hour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil
equivalent, TPES = total primary energy supply.
Notes:
1. Figures may not add up to total because of rounding.
2. The following countries are excluded from the calculation of basic energy indicators due to unavailability of energy data: Afghanistan (2009); Bhutan (2009); Cambodia (1994); Cook Islands (2009); Fiji (2009); Kiribati (2009); Maldives (2009); Marshall Islands (19942002, 2009); Federated States of Micronesia (1994 - 1999, 2009);
Nauru (2009); Palau (2009); Samoa (2009); Solomon Islands (2009); Timor-Leste (19942001, 2009); Tonga (2009); Vanuatu (2009).
Sources: ADB (unpublished), APERC (APEC Energy Database), APERC estimates, Government of [Taipei,China] Council for Economic Planning and Development (2011), IEA (2011b), JAMA (2012), Lao PDR Ministry of Energy and Mines (unpublished), and World Bank.
TPES/capita (toe/person)
Basic Energy Indicators
32
1,721
GDP/capita (current $)
Car Ownership (car/1,000

persons)
2,121
GDP/capita (constant
2000 $)
8,515,029 8,883,313 9,283,865 9,728,694 10,268,635 10,875,193 11,520,949 12,032,881 12,120,764 12,664,741 13,360,764 13,862,122 14,532,733 15,376,102 16,407,341 17,537,514 18,870,349 20,466,740 21,461,369 22,281,833
32.4
5,093,987 5,639,597 6,076,520 6,790,589 7,575,924 8,536,004 8,276,749 7,970,209 7,225,123 8,008,567 8,613,753 8,077,432 8,244,630 9,110,423 10,320,348 11,073,297 11,890,954 13,545,400 15,406,706 15,978,030
31.9
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
31.4
GDP (current $ million)
30.9
6,315,965 6,566,550 6,750,349 6,936,755 7,181,184 7,478,480 7,813,111 8,070,886 8,022,213 8,237,381 8,611,723 8,792,226 9,059,271 9,409,832 9,890,762 10,366,548 10,923,249 11,589,590 11,898,344 11,917,372
30.4
2,988,211 3,038,364 3,085,814 3,132,462 3,178,775 3,225,235 3,271,565 3,317,749 3,363,265 3,407,568 3,450,771 3,492,731 3,534,084 3,573,253 3,611,396 3,648,826 3,686,132 3,722,693 3,759,412 3,796,286
1990
GDP (constant 2000 $

million)
Urban Population, %
Population (thousand)
Macroeconomic Indicators
27
28
2.3
Analysis of Energy Supply and Demand by

Type of Energy
Figure 2.3.1
Primary Energy Supply by Source, 1994 and 2009

1994
2009
Geothermal Biomass
8.8%
0.4%
Nuclear
Others
4.1%
0.1%
Hydro
1.9%
Gas
10.3%
Nuclear
3.2%
Hydro
1.9%
Geothermal
0.5%
Others
0.1%
Biomass
7.4%
Gas
12.0%
Coal
40.5%
Oil
33.9%
2,378,045 ktoe
Coal
48.7%
Oil
26.2%
4,577,539 ktoe

UNSD (2011a).
In 2009, the primary energy supply in Asia and the Pacific primarily came from coal (48.7%),
oil (26.2%), gas (12.0%), and biomass and others (7.5%). Hydro accounted for 1.9%; nuclear for
3.2%; and geothermal for 0.5% (Figure 2.3.1).
The composition of the TPES in the region changed during the 16-year span from 1994 to 2009,
with the increase in the share of coal from 40.5% in 1994 to 48.7% in 2009 and the decrease in
the share of oil from 33.9% to 26.2% during the same period. The share of natural gas and hydro
slightly increased, while that of nuclear energy slightly decreased. The collective share of other
energy, which includes biomass, geothermal, and other renewable energy, decreased from 9.4%
to 8.0%.

The supply of coal, which is equivalent to the total consumption of fuel, grew at an average
annual rate of 5.8%, from 964 toe in 1994 to 2,230 Mtoe in 2009. Its share of TPES was 40.5% in
1994 and increased to 48.7% in 2009.
East Asia had the largest consumption of coal75.3% in 2009 (Table 2.3.1). This is mostly from
consumption in the PRC, which was also responsible for 70.4% of the total coal consumption
of Asia and the Pacific. South Asia was the second-largest consumer, responsible for 12.8% of
the total, with Indias consumption accounting for almost all of the consumption in South Asia.
29
Southeast Asia registered the fastest average annual growth rate from 1994 to 2009 at 11.0%.
However, its share of the total coal consumption remained small at 3.3%, barely increasing
from 1.6% in 1994. This is attributed to the construction of coal-fired power plants in Indonesia,
Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam that began in the early 1990s.
The supply of coal in Asia and the Pacific was produced endogenously, as the region
registered net exports of the product from 1994 to 2009. Coal production in the region
amounted to 949 Mtoe in 1994 and 2,268 Mtoe in 2009, while the corresponding coal
consumption registered at 964 Mtoe and 2,230 Mtoe, respectively, during the same years
(Tables 2.3.1 and 2.3.2). Most of the coal consumption in Asia and the Pacific was for electricity
generation, accounting for 55.7% of the total supply in 2009 (Figure 2.3.2).
Figure 2.3.2
Coal Consumption by Major Uses in Asia and the Pacific, 19942009
2,500,000
2,000,000
ktoe
1,500,000
1,000,000
Power Generation
Other Transformation
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
500,000
Final Consumption

UNSD (2011a).
30
Table 2.3.1
Coal Supply in Asia and the Pacific, 1990, 1994, and 2009
1990a

Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Total World (B)
A/B (%)
ktoe
675,456
675,438
2,057
99
1,958
556,771
512,155
6,008
25,558
2,488
10,562
103,733
281
13
103,385
0
49
5
12,877
0
4,056
0
1,355
68
1,358
0
3,828
2,212
18
0
17
0
1
0
0
0
0
111,613
34,980
75,444
1,190
787,070
2,230,821
35.3
1994b
% Share
85.8
85.8
0.3
0.0
0.2
70.7
65.1
0.8
3.2
0.3
1.3
13.2
0.0
0.0
13.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.2
4.4
9.6
0.2
100.0
ktoe
846,744
846,730
39,997
4
16
3
229
35,011
859
1,937
30
0
1,908
661,712
612,647
5,553
25,615
2,236
15,660
129,410
29
17
129,296
0
68
0
15,612
0
0
4,268
0
1,563
17
1,350
3
6,120
2,291
14
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
117,162
37,083
78,864
1,215
963,907
2,164,422
44.5
2009c
% Share
87.8
87.8
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.6
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
68.6
63.6
0.6
2.7
0.2
1.6
13.4
0.0
0.0
13.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.2
3.8
8.2
0.1
100.0
ktoe
2,078,843
2,078,843
38,073
23
0
0
205
31,555
433
4,441
93
0
1,346
1,680,019
1,568,767
7,154
64,844
2,338
36,916
286,242
629
113
285,364
0
195
54
74,509
0
0
32,805
132
9,030
143
5,310
0
14,444
12,645
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
151,057
50,930
98,659
1,468
2,229,900
3,299,514
67.6
% Share
93.2
93.2
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
75.3
70.4
0.3
2.9
0.1
1.7
12.8
0.0
0.0
12.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.8
2.3
4.4
0.1
100.0
AAGRd
%
6.2
6.2
0.3
12.9
100.0
100.0
0.7
0.7
4.5
5.7
7.8
2.3
6.4
6.5
1.7
6.4
0.3
5.9
5.4
22.8
14.6
5.4
7.3
11.0
14.6
12.4
15.3
9.6
100.0
5.9
12.1
19.3
1.7
2.1
1.5
1.3
5.8
2.9
2.8
equivalent.
a
b
c
d
Table 2.3.2
31
Coal Production in Asia and the Pacific, 1990, 1994, and 2009

Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Total World (B)
A/B (%)
1990a
ktoe
% Share
669,100
85.5
669,100
85.5
1,196
0.2
99
0.0
1,097
0.1
550,469
70.3
539,952
69.0
0
0.0
7,576
1.0
2,663
0.3
278
0.0
104,694
13.4
0
0.0
1
0.0
104,693
13.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
12,740
1.6
0
0.0
5,785
0.7
0
0.0
70
0.0
36
0.0
649
0.1
0
0.0
3,603
0.5
2,597
0.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
113,459
14.5
106,103
13.6
5,933
0.8
1,423
0.2
782,558
100.0
2,240,689
34.9
1994b
ktoe
% Share
824,972
86.9
824,972
86.9
49,333
5.2
4
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
110
0.0
45,981
4.8
333
0.0
1,216
0.1
42
0.0
0
0.0
1,647
0.2
625,449
65.9
619,963
65.3
0
0.0
3,085
0.3
2,233
0.2
168
0.0
123,804
13.0
0
0.0
45
0.0
123,759
13.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
26,386
2.8
0
0.0
0
0.0
17,138
1.8
0
0.0
89
0.0
28
0.0
765
0.1
0
0.0
5,174
0.5
3,192
0.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
124,498
13.1
118,687
12.5
4,049
0.4
1,762
0.2
949,470
100.0
2,151,267
44.1
2009c
ktoe
% Share
2,042,888
90.1
2,042,888
90.1
47,377
2.1
23
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
138
0.0
44,281
2.0
217
0.0
1,366
0.1
86
0.0
0
0.0
1,289
0.1
1,565,778
69.0
1,557,291
68.7
0
0.0
1,159
0.1
7,328
0.3
0
0.0
244,687
10.8
500
0.0
87
0.0
244,177
10.8
0
0.0
10
0.0
0
0.0
185,046
8.2
0
0.0
0
0.0
150,835
6.6
304
0.0
1,171
0.1
761
0.0
2,474
0.1
0
0.0
5,021
0.2
24,480
1.1
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
225,540
9.9
222,226
9.8
654
0.0
2,661
0.1
2,268,428
100.0
3,449,466
65.8
AAGRd
%
6.2
6.2
0.3
12.9
1.5
0.3
2.8
0.8
4.9
1.6
6.3
6.3
6.3
8.2
100.0
4.6
4.8
4.6
13.9
15.6
18.7
24.6
8.1
0.2
14.5
4.0
4.3
11.4
2.8
6.0
3.2
2.7
equivalent.
a
b
c
d
32
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products

Oil supply, which is equivalent to consumption, increased by 2.7% per annum on average,
from 806 Mtoe in 1994 to 1,199 Mtoe in 2009 (Table 2.3.3). It represented 26.2% of TPES in 2009
(Table 2.3.3), falling from 33.9% in 1994.
East Asia was responsible for 44.6% or 535 Mtoe of the total oil consumption in Asia and the
Pacific in 2009 (Table 2.3.3). The region also had the second-fastest annual growth rate of 4.8%
per annum from 1994 to 2009 in view of the high rate of motorization in the region.
The Developed Group was the second-largest consumer, accounting for 20.4% of the total
in 2009. However, the consumption actually decreased at an average annual rate 1.5% per
annum from 1994, anchored by Japans demand contraction of 2.0% per annum.
South Asia had the fastest growth rate in oil consumption (5.3% per annum). Southeast Asia
came in third at 4.1% per annum. The share of South Asia in the total oil consumption of Asia
and the Pacific increased from 9.6% in 1994 to 14.1% in 2009. The share of Southeast Asia, on
the other hand, increased from 13.3% in 1994 to 16.5% in 2009.
Asia and the Pacific depended on energy imports, especially on oil. In 2009, crude oil
production was only equivalent to 45.3% of the total oil consumption (544 Mtoe of 1,199 Mtoe,
Table 2.3.4). Although Asia and the Pacific is a net oil importer, Central and West Asia as well
as the Pacific are net oil exporters. In 2009, Central and West Asia produced 147 Mtoe of crude
oil but only consumed 51 Mtoe.7 Although 12 of the 14 countries of the Pacific depend on
entirely on imports for their oil requirements, the region is a net oil exporter because of the oil
production in Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste.
In terms of final energy consumption, 45.1% of the petroleum products (major products being
motor gasoline and automotive diesel oil) were used in the transport sector. From 1994 to
2009, there was a marked increase in the consumption of diesel (Figure 2.3.3).
The net exporting countries in this area are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
Table 2.3.3
33
Oil Consumption in Asia and the Pacific, 1990, 1994, and 2009

Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Total World (B)
A/B (%)
1990a
ktoe
% Share
355,870
55.6
354,674
55.4
11,161
1.7
668
0.1
10,493
1.6
193,703
30.2
114,439
17.9
4,790
0.7
49,734
7.8
822
0.1
23,918
3.7
64,877
10.1
1,791
0.3
29
0.0
61,439
9.6
48
0.0
244
0.0
1,326
0.2
84,933
13.3
38
0.0
30,430
4.8
163
0.0
12,478
1.9
705
0.1
10,606
1.7
9,878
1.5
17,898
2.8
2,737
0.4
1,196
0.2
7
0.0
239
0.0
7
0.0
43
0.0
753
0.1
42
0.0
54
0.0
26
0.0
23
0.0
284,499
44.4
31,201
4.9
249,022
38.9
4,277
0.7
640,369
100.0
3,226,209
19.8
1994b
ktoe
% Share
500,879
62.1
499,582
62.0
49,671
6.2
324
0.0
340
0.0
8,451
1.0
1,951
0.2
12,779
1.6
402
0.0
13,932
1.7
407
0.1
3,120
0.4
7,965
1.0
265,021
32.9
146,158
18.1
6,923
0.9
83,417
10.3
363
0.0
28,160
3.5
77,576
9.6
2,167
0.3
32
0.0
73,019
9.1
70
0.0
444
0.1
1,844
0.2
107,314
13.3
499
0.1
472
0.1
32,092
4.0
196
0.0
16,855
2.1
1,137
0.1
14,548
1.8
10,714
1.3
26,649
3.3
4,624
0.6
1,296
0.2
7
0.0
243
0.0
7
0.0
34
0.0
45
0.0
44
0.0
62
0.0
784
0.1
41
0.0
51
0.0
62
0.0
36
0.0
21
0.0
305,179
37.9
33,034
4.1
266,993
33.1
5,153
0.6
806,058
100.0
3,294,286
24.5
2009c
ktoe
% Share
954,505
79.6
952,965
79.5
51,124
4.3
176
0.0
371
0.0
3,527
0.3
878
0.1
14,393
1.2
1,197
0.1
21,082
1.8
500
0.0
4,649
0.4
4,527
0.4
535,281
44.6
395,328
33.0
2,988
0.2
93,315
7.8
784
0.1
42,865
3.6
169,175
14.1
4,702
0.4
74
0.0
159,412
13.3
292
0.0
907
0.1
4,154
0.3
197,385
16.5
811
0.1
1,441
0.1
72,172
6.0
627
0.1
26,577
2.2
1,286
0.1
13,342
1.1
20,421
1.7
43,754
3.6
16,954
1.4
1,540
24
0.0
394
0.0
10
0.0
33
0.0
41
0.0
47
0.0
70
0.0
1,540
0.1
54
0.0
64
0.0
72
0.0
58
0.0
33
0.0
244,716
20.4
40,356
3.4
198,267
16.5
6,093
0.5
1,199,221
100.0
3,987,412
30.1
AAGRd
%
4.4
4.4
0.2
4.3
0.6
5.7
5.2
0.8
7.5
2.8
1.4
2.7
3.7
4.8
6.9
5.4
0.8
5.3
2.8
5.3
5.3
6.2
5.3
10.7
4.9
5.6
4.1
3.3
8.3
5.6
8.1
3.1
0.8
0.6
4.4
3.4
9.0
8.9
3.5
2.6
0.7
1.2
0.5
0.9
4.6
1.9
1.7
2.4
3.4
3.2
1.5
1.3
2.0
1.1
2.7
1.3
1.4
equivalent.
a
b
c
d
34
Table 2.3.4
Crude Oil Production in Asia and the Pacific, 1990, 1994, and 2009

Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Total World (B)
A/B (%)
1990a
ktoe
% Share
296,097
90.2
291,597
88.8
2,712
0.8
9
0.0
2,703
0.8
138,604
42.2
138,448
42.2
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
156
0.0
35,417
10.8
94
0.0
0
0.0
35,323
10.8
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
114,864
35.0
7,677
2.3
70,733
21.5
0
0.0
30,629
9.3
734
0.2
229
0.1
0
0.0
2,112
0.6
2,750
0.8
4,500
1.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
4,500
1.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
32,272
9.8
29,026
8.8
555
0.2
2,692
0.8
328,369
100.0
3,228,528
10.2
1994b
ktoe
% Share
355,227
92.2
349,518
90.7
42,155
10.9
0
0.0
0
0.0
9,609
2.5
46
0.0
20,374
5.3
88
0.0
2,864
0.7
34
0.0
3,613
0.9
5,527
1.4
146,143
37.9
146,085
37.9
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
59
0.0
35,735
9.3
39
0.0
0
0.0
35,696
9.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
125,485
32.6
8,676
2.3
0
0.0
73,146
19.0
0
0.0
32,798
8.5
700
0.2
221
0.1
0
0.0
2,716
0.7
7,228
1.9
5,709
1.5
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
5,709
1.5
0
0.0
0
0.0
7,242
1.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
30,144
7.8
26,739
6.9
764
0.2
2,641
0.7
385,371
100.0
3,315,234
11.6
2009c
ktoe
% Share
514,661
94.7
512,643
94.3
146,926
27.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
50,659
9.3
51
0.0
77,972
14.3
75
0.0
3,498
0.6
26
0.0
9,841
1.8
4,804
0.9
193,181
35.5
189,490
34.9
0
0.0
3,418
0.6
258
0.0
14
0.0
38,597
7.1
70
0.0
0
0.0
38,527
7.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
133,939
24.6
9,301
1.7
0
0.0
54,431
10.0
0
0.0
34,771
6.4
968
0.2
962
0.2
0
0.0
16,188
3.0
17,317
3.2
2,018
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2,018
0.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
7,369
1.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
29,003
5.3
25,503
4.7
798
0.1
2,702
0.5
543,664
100.0
3,994,479
13.6
AAGRd
%
2.5
2.6
8.7
11.7
0.7
9.4
1.1
1.3
1.8
6.9
0.9
1.9
1.7
8.9
0.5
4.0
0.5
0.4
0.5
2.0
0.4
2.2
10.3
12.6
6.0
6.7
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
2.3
1.3
1.1
equivalent.
a
b
c
d
35
Figure 2.3.3 Oil Consumption in the Transport Sector in Asia and the Pacific, 19942009
500,000
400,000
ktoe
300,000
200,000
Motor Gasoline
Gas/Diesel Oil
Fuel Oil
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
100,000
Jet Fuel and Others

UNSD (2011a).
Natural Gas
Asia and the Pacifics self-sufficiency level in natural gas in 2009 was relatively high at 93.2%.
The supply of natural gas increased by 5.5% per annum, on average, from 244 Mtoe in 1994 to
547 Mtoe in 2009. Natural gas represented 12.0% of TPES in 2009.
A significant amount of gas was consumed in the industry, residential, and commercial sectors.
In 2009, 49.1% of the gas supply was used by these sectors. However, the power sector was
also a major gas consumer, using 42.5% of the supply.
The largest natural gas consumer in Asia and the Pacific in 2009 was East Asia, which was
responsible for 23.6% (129 Mtoe) of the total consumption. This region surpassed Central and
West Asia, which was the largest consumer in 1994. Southeast Asia had the second-largest
consumption, accounting for 23.3% (127 Mtoe) of the total, closely followed by the Central and
West Asia at 21.1% (115 Mtoe) and the Developed Group with 20.3% (111 Mtoe). Table 2.3.5
shows the natural gas consumption in Asia and the Pacific in 1990, 1994, and 2009.
36
Table 2.3.5
Natural Gas Consumption in Asia and the Pacific, 1990, 1994, and 2009

Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Total World (B)
A/B (%)
1990a
ktoe
% Share
75,545
54.6
75,473
54.6
10,290
7.4
213
0.2
10,077
7.3
18,696
13.5
14,242
10.3
0
0.0
2,725
2.0
0
0.0
1,728
1.2
14,292
10.3
3,724
2.7
0
0.0
10,568
7.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
32,196
23.3
2,033
1.5
16,889
12.2
0
0.0
6,801
4.9
760
0.5
0
0.0
0
0.0
5,710
4.1
3
0.0
72
0.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
72
0.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
62,740
45.4
15,344
11.1
43,525
31.5
3,872
2.8
138,285
100.0
1,670,530
8.3
1994b
ktoe
% Share
172,639
70.8
172,559
70.7
78,339
32.1
174
0.1
706
0.3
7,283
3.0
1,622
0.7
8,122
3.3
726
0.3
12,384
5.1
648
0.3
10,634
4.4
36,040
14.8
26,686
10.9
16,347
6.7
0
0.0
6,866
2.8
0
0.0
3,473
1.4
19,497
8.0
5,145
2.1
0
0.0
14,352
5.9
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
48,037
19.7
1,893
0.8
0
0.0
22,201
9.1
0
0.0
12,392
5.1
1,088
0.4
5
0.0
1,129
0.5
9,307
3.8
23
0.0
80
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
80
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
71,341
29.2
15,922
6.5
51,367
21.1
4,052
1.7
243,980
100.0
1,759,165
13.9
2009c
ktoe
% Share
436,171
79.7
435,834
79.7
115,334
21.1
3
0.0
1,409
0.3
8,225
1.5
1,086
0.2
19,193
3.5
550
0.1
27,297
5.0
363
0.1
15,070
2.8
42,141
7.7
129,011
23.6
83,505
15.3
2,512
0.5
31,713
5.8
0
0.0
11,280
2.1
64,231
11.7
15,321
2.8
0
0.0
48,910
8.9
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
127,258
23.3
1,868
0.3
0
0.0
44,842
8.2
0
0.0
29,603
5.4
2,742
0.5
3,237
0.6
6,233
1.1
31,631
5.8
7,101
1.3
338
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
338
0.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
110,866
20.3
28,286
5.2
79,120
14.5
3,460
0.6
547,037
100.0
2,540,218
21.5
AAGRd
%
6.4
6.4
2.6
26.1
4.7
0.8
2.6
5.9
1.8
5.4
3.8
2.4
1.0
11.1
11.5
10.7
8.2
8.3
7.5
8.5
6.7
0.1
4.8
6.0
6.4
55.0
12.1
8.5
46.8
10.9
10.1
3.0
3.9
2.9
1.0
5.5
2.5
3.0
equivalent.
a
b
c
d
Table 2.3.6
37
Natural Gas Production in Asia and the Pacific, 1990, 1994, and 2009

Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Total World (B)
A/B (%)
1990a
ktoe
% Share
110,522
82.5
110,450
82.5
10,290
7.7
213
0.2
10,077
7.5
15,287
11.4
14,242
10.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
1,045
0.8
14,292
10.7
3,724
2.8
0
0.0
10,568
7.9
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
70,582
52.7
7,583
5.7
41,040
30.6
0
0.0
15,487
11.6
760
0.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
5,710
4.3
3
0.0
72
0.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
72
0.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
23,412
17.5
17,693
13.2
1,847
1.4
3,872
2.9
133,934
100.0
1,692,426
7.9
1994b
ktoe
% Share
220,546
88.4
220,467
88.4
88,966
35.7
174
0.1
0
0.0
5,168
2.1
2
0.0
3,636
1.5
32
0.0
12,376
5.0
26
0.0
29,237
11.7
38,315
15.4
17,074
6.8
16,347
6.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
727
0.3
19,497
7.8
5,145
2.1
0
0.0
14,352
5.8
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
94,929
38.1
8,210
3.3
0
0.0
53,230
21.3
0
0.0
23,068
9.2
1,088
0.4
5
0.0
0
0.0
9,307
3.7
23
0.0
80
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
80
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
28,901
11.6
22,817
9.1
2,032
0.8
4,052
1.6
249,447
100.0
1,784,661
14.0
2009c
ktoe
% Share
461,557
90.6
461,219
90.5
148,676
29.2
3
0.0
0
0.0
13,660
2.7
6
0.0
22,811
4.5
13
0.0
27,293
5.4
31
0.0
31,063
6.1
53,799
10.6
80,115
15.7
79,385
15.6
0
0.0
449
0.1
0
0.0
281
0.1
53,802
10.6
15,321
3.0
0
0.0
38,481
7.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
178,627
35.1
10,604
2.1
0
0.0
77,022
15.1
0
0.0
47,588
9.3
9,738
1.9
3,237
0.6
0
0.0
23,337
4.6
7,101
1.4
338
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
338
0.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
48,058
9.4
41,184
8.1
3,326
0.7
3,548
0.7
509,615
100.0
2,526,422
20.2
AAGRd
%
5.0
5.0
3.5
26.1
6.7
7.6
13.0
5.8
5.4
1.2
0.4
2.3
10.9
11.1
6.2
7.0
7.5
6.8
4.3
1.7
2.5
4.9
15.7
55.0
6.3
46.8
10.1
3.4
4.0
3.3
0.9
4.9
2.3
2.5
equivalent.
a
b
c
d
The largest natural gas producer in Asia and the Pacific was Southeast Asia, accounting for
35.1% or 179 Mtoe of the regions natural gas production in 2009 (Table 2.3.6). The secondlargest producer was Central and West Asia, having contributed 29.2% or 149 Mtoe during the
same year (Table 2.3.6).
Electricity
Power generation rose by 5.9% per annum on average, from 3,274 terawatt-hours (TWh) in
1994 to 7,700 TWh in 2009 (Figure 2.3.4). Thermal power generation increased by 6.4% per
annum from 2,358 TWh in 1994 to 5,967 TWh in 2009. As a result, the share of thermal power
generation increased to 77.5% of the total in 2009. Nuclear power generation grew by 2.7% per
annum on average, from 373 TWh in 1994 to 558 TWh in 2009. Hydropower generation rose by
4.6% per annum on average, from 516 TWh in 1994 to 1,018 TWh in 2009.
Thermal power generation, which uses fossil fuels, dominates electricity generation in Asia
and the Pacific. In 2009, 80.3% of the total fossil fuels consumed for electricity generation was
coal, with natural gas having a 15.0% share, and oil taking the remainder of 4.7% (Figure 2.3.5).
Figure 2.3.4
Electricity Generation in Asia and the Pacific, 19942009
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
GWh
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1,000,000
1994
38
Others
GWh = gigawatt-hour.
UNSD (2011a).
Electricity consumption per capita in Asia and the Pacific varied widely among the countries
and country groupings (Figure 2.3.6 and Table 2.3.7). For instance, electricity consumption
per capita in the Developed Group reached 7,858 kilowatt-hours (kWh) in 2009, compared
to 477kWh in the Pacific in 2008. Likewise, the electricity consumption per capita in the ADB
DMCs was only 1,451 kWh. For the whole Asia and the Pacific, the amount is 1,714 kWh. Yet Asia
and the Pacific electricity consumption per capita is only 69.7% of the worlds average, which
could be attributed to the very low electrification rates in most of the DMCs in the Pacific,
South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
Figure 2.3.5
39
Fuel Inputs for Electricity Generation in Asia and the Pacific, 19942009
3,000,000
2,500,000
ktoe
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
Coal
Oil
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
500,000
Gas

UNSD (2011a).
Figure 2.3.6
Electricity Generation in Asia and the Pacific, 1994 and 2009

1994
Geothermal
0.3%
Nuclear
11.4%
2009
Geothermal
0.3%
Others
0.5%
Others
1.7%
Nuclear
7.2%
Hydro
13.2%
Hydro
15.8%
Thermal
72.0%
Thermal
77.5%
3,274,215 GWh
7,699,728 GWh
UNSD (2011a).
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Others
40
Table 2.3.7
Electricity Consumption per Capita, 1990, 1994, and 2009

Asia
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East Asia
Hong Kong, China
Republic of Korea
Mongolia
Taipei,China
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
The Pacific
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Developed Group
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Total World (B)
A/B (%)
1990a
kWh
1994b
kWh
2009c
kWh
428
428
223
21
257
665
534
4,178
2,202
1,300
3,666
222
45
270
249
96
32
150
307
3,784
166
39
1,095
44
344
4,659
672
94
393
941
581
110
3,169
397
298
68
210
170
6,264
7,573
6,030
8,180
717
1,833
39.1
543
543
890
29
983
1,888
1,923
3,580
1,842
319
2,517
1,232
1,708
745
559
4,835
3,297
833
4,687
282
65
527
316
181
37
198
436
5,403
10
249
60
1,688
53
363
5,529
1,057
131
290
821
581
70
1,195
696
3,016
5,309
239
354
124
79
261
189
6,896
7,875
6,714
8,336
836
1,869
44.7
1,451
1,453
969
55
1,455
1,387
1,332
4,496
1,353
436
1,997
1,868
1,483
2,617
2,287
5,931
8,324
1,175
8,739
553
245
1,714
608
813
90
354
929
8,278
126
567
369
3,447
98
555
7,531
1,968
894
477
1,516
921
221
1,040
693
3,689
6,229
483
580
112
123
389
242
7,858
9,740
7,503
8,774
1,713
2,459
69.6
AAGRd
%
6.8
6.8
0.6
4.5
2.7
2.0
2.4
1.5
2.0
2.1
1.5
2.8
0.9
8.7
9.8
1.4
6.4
2.3
4.2
4.6
9.3
8.8
4.5
11.3
6.1
4.0
5.2
2.9
19.5
5.6
12.9
4.9
4.2
2.9
2.1
4.2
13.7
3.4
4.5
3.3
8.6
2.7
0.1
1.4
2.3
4.8
3.6
1.4
7.7
2.9
1.8
0.9
1.4
0.7
0.3
4.9
1.8
3.0
equivalent.
a
b
c
d
2.4
41
Regional Energy Trends
By region, from 1994 to 2009, Southeast Asias primary energy supply grew at the fastest annual
growth rate of 6.6%, followed by East Asia at 6.2% per annum, South Asia at 4.2% per annum,
and Central and West Asia at 1.4% per annum. Primary energy supply of the Pacific grew by
3.8% per annum from 1994 to 2008. Figure 2.4.1 shows the TPES in Asia and the Pacific by
region and group from 1994 to 2009.
Figure 2.4.1
Primary Energy Supply by Region, 19942009
5,000,000
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
ktoe
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
East Asia
The Pacific
South Asia
Southeast Asia
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
500,000
Developed Group

UNSD (2011a).
Of the total primary energy supply in Asia and the Pacific, East Asia represented the largest
share at 54.0%, followed by South Asia at 15.8%, the Developed Group at 13.3%, Southeast Asia
at 11.5%, Central and West Asia at 5.3% in 2009 (Figure 2.4.2). The Pacific had a share of at 0.1%
in 2008.
Figure 2.4.2
Primary Energy Supply by Region, 1994 and 2009

1994
2009
Central and
West Asia
5.3%
Central and
West Asia
8.3%
Developed
Group
Southeast Asia 13.3%
11.5%
Developed
Group
24.7%
Southeast
Asia
8.5%
South Asia
15.8%
East Asia
42.0%
South Asia
16.5%
East Asia
54.0%
The Pacific
0.0%
The Pacific
0.1%
2,378,045 ktoe
4,577,539 ktoe

UNSD (2011a).

The TPES of Central and West Asia increased from 197 Mtoe in 1994 to 243 Mtoe in 2009, at an
average annual rate of 1.4% (Figure 2.4.3).
Figure 2.4.3
Primary Energy Supply in Central and West Asia, 19942009
300,000
250,000
200,000
ktoe
150,000
100,000
50,000
Coal
Oil
Gas

Sources: IEA (2011b) and UNSD (2011a).
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
50,000
1995
1994
42
43
The supply of nuclear energy had the fastest growth rate that averaged 17.0% from 1994 to
2009. The second-fastest growing source was natural gas, which grew by 2.6% per annum,
followed by biomass at 2.2% per annum. Hydroelectric energy had a 0.1% annual growth
rate, while the supply of oil was the slowest growing at 0.2% per annum on average. Coal
consumption decreased at an annual rate of 0.3% on average during the same period.
In terms of the energy sources share in the TPES, natural gas had the biggest share at 45.7%,
followed by oil at 21.1% in 2009 (Figure 2.4.5 Primary Energy Mix in Central and West Asia,
1994 and 2009). Coal accounted for the third-largest share at 15.7%, followed by others (mainly
biomass) at 12.4% in the same year. Nuclear energy, despite its high annual growth rate of 8.7%
from 1997 to 2009 accounted for a small share of the TPES, at 0.6%.
Figure 2.4.4
Indigenous Energy Production in Central and West Asia, 19942009
450,000
400,000
350,000
ktoe
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
50,000
Others

In contrast, indigenous energy production increased at an average annual rate of 4.1%, from
209.0 Mtoe in 1994 to 381.6 Mtoe in 2009 (Figures 2.4.4 and 2.4.6). Coal production in 2009
(47.4 Mtoe) is slightly lower than the production in 1994 (49.3 Mtoe). On the other hand, oil
production increased from 42.2 Mtoe in 1994 to 146.9 Mtoe in 2009. Similarly, gas production
increased from 89.0 Mtoe in 1994 to 148.7 Mtoe in 2009.
44
Figure 2.4.5
Primary Energy Mix in Central and West Asia, 1994 and 2009
100%
Biomass 10.9%
Hydro 3.5%
80%
Others 0.3%
Nuclear 0.1%
Biomass 12.4%
Nuclear 0.6%
Hydro 2.9%
Geothermal
0.0%
Geothermal
0.0%
Gas 39.7%
60%
Gas 47.5%
40%
Oil 25.2%
Oil 21.1%
20%
Coal 20.3%
0%
1994
197,295 ktoe
20%
Coal 15.7%
2009
Others 0.1%
242,832 ktoe

Figure 2.4.6
Indigenous Energy Production in Central and West Asia, 1994 and 2009
1994
2009
Geothermal
Nuclear 0.0%
Others
0.1%
0.0%
Hydro
Biomass
3.3%
10.3%
Coal
23.6%
Gas
42.6%
Oil
20.2%
209,050 ktoe

Hydro
1.8%
Nuclear
0.4%
Geothermal
0.0%
Biomass
7.9%
Coal
12.4%
Gas
39.0%
Oil
38.5%
381,573 ktoe
Others
0.0%
45
East Asia
The TPES of East Asia more than doubled, from 999 Mtoe in 1994 to 2,471 Mtoe in 2009,
growing at an average rate of 6.2% annually (Figure 2.4.7). Natural gas was the fastest-growing
fuel, with an average annual growth rate of 11.1%.
Coal represented the largest share of the TPES, at 68.0% in 2009, increasing from 66.3% in 1994.
Oil accounted for the second-largest share, at 21.7% in 2009, decreasing from 26.5% in 1994.
This was followed by gas and nuclear at 5.2% and 2.7%, respectively, in 2009 (Figure 2.4.9 Primary Energy Mix in East Asia, 1990, 1994, and 2009).
Figure 2.4.7
Primary Energy Supply in East Asia, 19902009
2,500,000
2,000,000
ktoe
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
500,000
1990
Others

Sources: APERC (APEC Energy Database) and IEA (2011b).
Indigenous energy production increased slower than primary energy supply, at an average
rate of 5.9% per annum, increasing from 833.5 Mtoe in 1994 to 1,966.1 Mtoe in 2009 (Figures
2.4.8 and 2.4.10). On an absolute scale, coal production increased the greatest, growing from
625.4 Mtoe in 1994 to 1,565.8 Mtoe in 2009at an average growth rate of 6.3% per annum.
Figure 2.4.8
Indigenous Energy Production in East Asia, 19902009
2,000,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
ktoe
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
200,000
1990
46
Others

Figure 2.4.9
100%
80%
Primary Energy Mix in East Asia, 1990, 1994, and 2009

Others 0.0%
Biomass 0.4%
Nuclear 2.8%
Gas 2.3%
Hydro 1.5%
Nuclear 2.8%
Gas 2.7%
Oil 24.0%
Oil 26.5%
Coal 69.0%
Coal 66.3%
Others 0.0%
Nuclear 2.7%
Biomass 0.1%
Hydro 1.6%
Gas 5.2%
Hydro 2.2%
Oil 21.7%
60%
40%
Coal 68.0%
20%
0%
20%
1990
Others 0.0%
808,626 ktoe

1994
998,705 ktoe
Biomass 0.2%
2009
2,471,056 ktoe
Figure 2.4.10
47
Indigenous Energy Production in East Asia, 1990, 1994, and 2009

1990
Nuclear
3.0%
Hydro
1.6%
Gas
2.1%
1994
Biomass
0.4%
Others
0.0%
Nuclear
Hydro 3.4%
1.9%
Gas
2.0%
2009
Biomass
0.1%
Others
0.0%
Coal
75.0%
Coal
74.2%
741,929 ktoe
Nuclear Biomass
0.3%
3.4%
Others
0.0%
Oil
9.8%
Oil
17.5%
Oil
18.7%
Hydro
2.8%
Gas
4.1%
833,540 ktoe
Coal
79.6%
1,966,083 ktoe

The Pacific
The TPES in the Pacific increased from 2 Mtoe in 1994 to 3 Mtoe in 2008, growing at an annual
rate of 3.8%.8
Among the energy types in the Pacifics primary energy supply, natural gas grew the fastest,
with an annual growth rate of 10.9%, although the product is used only in Papua New Guinea
(Figure 2.4.11). Oil had the second-fastest growth rate of 4.4% per annum. The majority of
countries in the Pacific imports petroleum products. Oil constituted the largest share of TPES,
at 68.4% in 2008, followed by natural gas at 9.8%, geothermal energy at 9.3%, biomass at 8.5%,
hydro at 4.1%, and coal at almost zero (Figure 2.4.13).
Figures 2.4.12 and 2.4.14 show the indigenous production of energy in the Pacific. The sudden
jump in indigenous energy production in 2002, which is quite apparent in Figure 2.4.12, is due
to the addition of Timor-Leste to the roster of ADB members in the Pacific. In 2009, indigenous
energy production in the Pacific amounted to 10,562, with oil making up the biggest share
(89.7%).
The TPES growth rate considers only 11 of the 14 members in the Pacific, which have data for 1994 and 2000
(excluding the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Timor-Leste, and Tuvalu). As previously noted, not
all of the countries in the Pacific have data for 1994. The variability in the availability of energy data among the
Pacific countries also explains the sudden jumps in primary energy supply (Figure 2.4.11) and indigenous energy
production (Figure 2.4.12).
Figure 2.4.11
Primary Energy Supply in the Pacific, 19902008
3,500
3,000
ktoe
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1990
1991
500
Others

Note: The real growth of primary energy supply in the Pacific is exaggerated in this figure, as not all of the countries have data from
1990 to 2008. Palau data are available only from 1992; Marshall Islands, from 2003; Federated States of Micronesia, from 2000; and
Timor-Leste, from 2002.
Sources: ADB (unpublished), APERC (APEC Energy Database), and UNSD (2011a).
Figure 2.4.12
Indigenous Energy Production in the Pacific, 19902008
12,000
10,000
8,000
ktoe
6,000
4,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2,000
1990
48
Others

Note: The sudden jump in indigenous energy production in the Pacific is due to inclusion of Timor-Leste data, which are available
only from 2002. As it became a sovereign country only in 1999, before 2001, the production of its oil was lumped with that of
Indonesia.
Figure 2.4.13
Primary Energy Mix in the Pacific, 1990, 1994, and 2008
100%
Biomass
18.0%
80%
Geothermal
0.0%
Hydro 4.5%
Gas 4.3%
Biomass
23.3%
Biomass 8.5%
Geothermal Geothermal 9.3%
0.0%
Hydro 4.1%
Hydro 5.6%
Gas 4.1%
Gas 9.8%
Oil 66.3%
Oil 68.4%
60%
40%
Oil 72.1%
20%
0%
20%
1990
Coal 0.0%
Coal 0.7%
Coal 1.1%
1994
1,659 ktoe
2009
1,955 ktoe
3,451 ktoe

Figure 2.4.14
Indigenous Energy Production in the Pacific, 1990, 1994, and 2008
1990
1994
Gas
1.5%
2008
Hydro
1.7%
Geothermal
0.0%
Gas
1.3%
Hydro
1.5%
Geothermal
0.0%
Hydro
1.3%
Gas
3.2%
Biomass
7.2%
Biomass
2.8%
Biomass
6.0%
Oil
91.0%
4,946 ktoe
Oil
89.9%
6,353 ktoe

Geothermal
3.0%
Oil
89.7%
10,562 ktoe
49
South Asia
The primary energy supply of South Asia increased from 392 Mtoe in 1994 to 725 Mtoe in 2009,
at an annual rate of 4.2% (Figure 2.4.15).
From 1994 to 2009, the natural gas supply grew at a fast rate, with an average annual growth
of 8.3%. Nuclear energy had an identical annual growth rate of 8.3% in view of the increase in
the nuclear electricity-generating capacity in India. Coal also had a rapid growth rate of 5.4%
per annum, while oil closely followed at 5.3% per annum. Hydro also increased, although at a
slower growth rate of 1.7% per annum. Notably, other energy, which constitutes solar, wind,
and liquid biofuels, increased at an average annual rate of 29.9%, although its share to the total
primary energy supply constituted a mere 0.2% in 2009.
Coal accounted for the biggest share of the primary energy supply at 39.5% in 2009, followed
by biomass at 25.9% and oil at 23.3%. Natural gas had an 8.9% share in 2009. Figure 2.4.17
Primary Energy Mix in South Asia, 1990, 1994, and 2009 shows the primary energy mix in South
Asia in 2009.
Figure 2.4.15
Primary Energy Supply in South Asia, 19902009
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
ktoe
400,000
300,000
200,000
Coal
Oil
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
100,000
1990
50
Others

Indigenous energy production in South Asia grew at an average rate of 3.1% per annum, from
344.5 Mtoe in 1994 to 541.2 Mtoe in 2009 (Figures 2.4.16 and 2.4.18). Incremental growth in
coal production , which amounts to 120.9 Mtoe, accounted for bulk (61.5%) of the 196.7 Mtoe
growth in indigenous energy production. This is followed by the incremental growth in gas and
biomass production, which amount to 34.3 Mtoe (17.4%) and 31.3 Mtoe (15.9%), respectively.
Figure 2.4.16
Indigenous Energy Production in South Asia, 19902009
600,000
500,000
ktoe
400,000
300,000
200,000
Coal
Oil
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1990
1991
100,000
Others

Figure 2.4.17
Primary Energy Mix in South Asia, 1990, 1994, and 2009

Others
0.0%
100%
Others
0.0%
Others
0.4%
Biomass 25.9%
80%
Biomass 44.0%
60%
Hydro 2.0%
Gas 4.2%
40%
20%
0%
20%
Biomass 39.9%
Oil 19.0%
Nuclear
0.5%
Hydro 2.0%
Gas 5.0%
Oil 23.3%
Oil 19.8%
Coal 30.4%
Coal 33.0%
1990
1994
341,731 ktoe
391,976 ktoe

Nuclear
0.4%
Hydro 1.4%
Gas 8.9%
Coal 39.5%
2009
724,674 ktoe
Nuclear
0.7%
51
52
Figure 2.4.18
Indigenous Energy Production in South Asia, 1990, 1994, and 2009

1990
1994
Hydro Nuclear
2.3% 0.4%
Nuclear
0.5%
Hydro
2.1%
Gas
4.6%
Oil
10.4%
Oil
11.3%
Biomass
48.0%
Coal
33.4%
2009
Coal
35.9%
Oil
7.1%
Gas
5.7%
Biomass
45.3%
Hydro
1.8%
Nuclear
0.9%
Gas
9.9%
Coal
45.2%
Biomass
34.6%
Others
0.0%
Others
0.0%
313,244 ktoe
344,543 ktoe
Others
0.3%
541,215 ktoe

Southeast Asia
The primary energy supply in Southeast Asia, excluding biomass, increased at an annual rate of
5.8%, from 181 Mtoe in 1994 to 422 Mtoe in 2009. Biomass was excluded in the analysis because
data collection for this type of energy in three (i.e., Indonesia, Thailand, and Viet Nam) of the 10
Southeast Asian countries started only after 2003. As shown in Figure 2.4.19, the portion of the
graph of biomass demonstrated a sudden jump in 2004 compared to its 2003 value, as four of
the 10 Southeast Asian countries started to report biomass data during this year.
The primary energy supply that experienced the fastest growth during this period was coal,
with an average annual growth rate of 11.0%. This is due to the construction of coal-fired power
plants in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam that began in the 1990s.
The fast growth rate of natural gas is attributable to the installation of natural gas-fired power
plants in the same five countries as well as Singapore during the same period. Geothermal
energy grew at an average annual rate of 5.9% per annum, which is attributable to geothermal
developments in the Philippines and Indonesia.
In 2009, oil still formed the bulk of the TPES in Southeast Asia with a share of 46.8%, down from
59.2% in 1994 (Figure 2.4.21). The main reason for this decline is the replacement of old oil-fired
power plants with coal- and natural gas-fired generating facilities in most of the 10 countries
in this region.
In 2009, coal share stood at 17.7% while gas had 30.2%; geothermal, 3.8%; hydro, 1.5%; and
others, 0.1% shows the primary energy mix (excluding biomass) in Southeast Asia in 1990,
1994, and 2009.
On average, indigenous energy production increased by 5.6% per annum from 1994 to 2009
(Figures 2.4.20 and 2.4.22).
Figure 2.4.19
53
Primary Energy Supply in Southeast Asia, 19902009
600,000
500,000
ktoe
400,000
300,000
200,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1990
1991
100,000
Others

Note: The big jump in primary supply of biomass is due to the unavailability of biomass data in three of the 10 Southeast Asian countries
before 2004. From 2004 onwards, these countries had been reporting consumption of biomass. There was also a sizable jump in
the data from 1994 to 1995 due to unavailability of data in Cambodia before 1995.
Sources: APERC (APEC Energy Database), IEA (2011b), and Lao PDR Ministry of Energy and Mines (unpublished).
Figure 2.4.20
Indigenous Energy Production in Southeast Asia, 19902009
700,000
600,000
500,000
ktoe
400,000
300,000
200,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
100,000
Others

54
Figure 2.4.21
Primary Energy Mix in Southeast Asia, 1990, 1994, and 2009

Others 0.0%
Others 0.1%
100%
Geothermal 4.1%
Hydro 2.1%
Geothermal 3.8%
Hydro 2.0%
Geothermal, 3.8%
Hydro 1.5%
80%
Gas 23.2%
Gas 26.5%
Gas 30.2%
Oil 61.3%
Oil 59.2%
Coal 9.3%
Coal 8.6%
60%
40%
Oil 46.8%
20%
0%
20%
Others
0.0
1990
138,511 ktoe
Coal 17.7%
1994
2009
181,403 ktoe
421,895 ktoe

Figure 2.4.22
Indigenous Energy Production in Southeast Asia, 1990, 1994, and 2009

1990
Biomass
9.3%
Geothermal
2.5%
Hydro
1.3%
1994
Others
0.0% Coal
5.6%
Gas
31.0%
Oil
50.4%
Biomass
7.2%
Geothermal
2.5%
Hydro
1.3%
Gas
34.3%
2009
Hydro
1.0%
Geothermal
2.6%
Others
0.0%
Coal
9.5%
Gas
28.6%
Others
0.0%
Oil
45.3%
Oil
21.5%
227,868 ktoe
Biomass
16.7%
277,068 ktoe
Coal
29.7%
623,881 ktoe

Note: These pie charts take the indigenous production of biomass into account. However, the charts for 1990 and 1994 do not include indigenous production of biomass
for Indonesia, Thailand, and Viet Nam, as no data are available.
Energy Statistics 55
Chapter 3
Regional Profile (2009)
Energy Reserves (year-end 2008)
Total Surface Area (square kilometer)
5,637,260
Coal (million ton) - Recoverable
281,152
Gas (trillion cubic feet) - Proven
GDP (constant 2000 $ billion)
225.3
Electrification Rate (%)
39,187.0
550.1
Oil (billion barrel) - Proven
31,356.0
= no data or not applicable, GDP = gross domestic product.

Sources: ADB (2011 and 2012), APERC estimates, World Bank, and WEC (2010).
2009 Energy Supply and Demand Flow (ktoe)

Geothermal: 44
Coal: 3,528
Oil: 13,575
Gas: 5,876
Oil: 171
Imports:
22,979
Biomass: 30,075
Others: 40
Hydro: 7,031
Gas: 148,676
Oil: 146,926
Coal: 47,377
Nuclear: 1,404
Indigenous Production: 381,573
Stock Changes: 171
PRIMARY COMMODITIES: 404,723
Transformation: 109,390
Stock Changes:
424
Transformation
Losses: 39,234
Imports: 18,153
Coal: 402
Oil: 16,182
Electricity: 1,569
(Discrepancy: 3,947)
Coal: 40
Exports:
164,078
Oil: 3,581
Loss and Own Use:

20,797
Others: 3,621
70,156
SECONDARY
COMMODITIES: 91,930
65,879
(Discrepancy: 270)
Transfers:
1,477
104,455
Loss and Own Use: 8,229
Heat: 11,476
Electricity: 20,631
Gas: 64,694
Oil: 31,825
International Bunkers: 2,149
Coal: 12,219
Exports: 15,403
Biomass: 29,485
Final Consumption by Type: 170,374
56
Others: 30,300
Commercial: 11,459
Residential: 58,806
Transport: 24,727
Industry: 45,082
Final Consumption by Sector: 170,374
Others: 44
Table 3.1
57
Key Data and Economic Profile

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
196,626
218,618
241,139
262,028
281,152
122.3
105.6
124.1
176.0
225.3
GDP (constant 2005 PPP $ billion)
452.6
379.9
449.3
654.0
843.8
Socioeconomic Data
GDP/capita (constant 2000 $)

GDP/capita (constant 2005 PPP $)
622
483
515
672
801
2,548
1,937
2,088
2,496
3,001
GDP = gross domestic product, PPP = purchasing power parity.

Note: In the computation of GDP/capita (constant 2005 PPP $) for 1990 to 2000, the population of Afghanistan was not included in the denominator due to unavailability
of GDP data.
Sources: ADB (2011) and World Bank.
Table 3.2
Energy Supply and Demand

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

205,218
249,868
328,896
381,573
Net Imports
19,686
64,009
111,684
138,741
Total PES
185,532
185,859
217,213
242,832
Coal
32,530
23,387
33,978
38,073
Oil
45,723
46,242
42,571
51,124
Gas
77,912
84,082
103,787
115,334
Biomass
22,525
25,091
27,930
30,075
Others
6,842
7,058
8,946
8,226
TPES/capita (toe)
0.85
0.77
0.83
0.98
TPES/GDP (toe/constant 2005 PPP $ million)
488
414
332
288
Industry
40,362
33,354
46,416
45,082
Transportation
16,233
19,055
21,427
24,727
Other Sectors
86,176
80,438
88,138
100,565
Total FEC
142,771
132,848
155,981
170,374
Coal
13,719
6,462
11,980
12,219
Oil
29,968
28,773
30,736
31,825
Gas
48,999
48,734
54,773
64,694
Electricity
15,765
15,234
19,753
20,631
Biomass
22,055
24,609
27,387
29,485
Others
12,265
9,036
11,353
11,520
Final Energy Consumption (ktoe)
= no data or not applicable, FEC = final energy consumption, GDP = gross domestic product, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, PES = primary energy supply,
PPP = purchasing power parity, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total primary energy supply.
58
Figure 3.1
Final Energy Consumption by Sector, 1994 and 2009

1994
2009
Others
17.8%
Industry
24.8%
Others
40.8%
Residential
19.3%
Industry
26.5%
Commercial
6.7%
Transport
10.7%
Transport
14.5%
Residential
34.5%
Commercial
4.4%
147,861 ktoe
170,374 ktoe

Figure 3.2
Final Energy Consumption by Type of Energy, 1994 and 2009

1994
2009
Others
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Biomass
14.3%
Coal
7.2%
Coal
9.9%
Heat
9.6%
Biomass
17.3%
Oil
21.7%
Electricity
11.1%
Oil
18.7%
Heat
6.7%
Electricity
12.1%
Gas
33.4%
147,861 ktoe
Gas
38.0%
170,374 ktoe
Figure 3.3 Total Primary Energy Supply, 1994 and 2009
250,000
Geothermal 44
Biomass 30,075
Other, 689
Biomass 21,571
Hydro 6,895
200,000
150,000
Hydro 7,031
Nuclear 1,404
Nuclear, 133
Geothermal 0
Gas 115,334
ktoe
Gas 78,339
100,000
Oil 49,671
Oil 51,124
Coal 39,997
Coal 38,073
50,000
Others 253
50,000
1994
2009

Figure 3.4
Indigenous Energy Production, 1994 and 2009

1994
2009
Geothermal
0.0%
Geothermal
0.0%
Biomass
10.3%
Nuclear
0.1%
Others
0.0%
Nuclear
0.4%
Biomass
7.9%
Coal
12.4%
Hydro
1.8%
Hydro
3.3%
Others
0.0%
Coal
23.6%
Gas
42.6%
Oil
20.2%
209,050 ktoe
Gas
39.0%
Oil
38.5%
381,573 ktoe
59
60
Figure 3.5
Electricity Generation by Plant Type, 1994 and 2009

1994
Nuclear
0.2%
2009
Others
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Nuclear
1.8%
Hydro
27.2%
Hydro
33.0%
Thermal
66.8%
Thermal
71.0%
243,257 GWh
300,315 GWh
Figure 3.6
Electricity Consumption by Sector, 1994 and 2009

1994
2009
Others
18.0%
Others
31.7%
Commercial
6.6%
Industry
37.4%
Commercial
7.9%
Industry
42.9%
Residential
27.9%
Residential
20.5%
Transport
3.8%
Transport
3.2%
190,745 GWh
239,895 GWh
Figure 3.7
Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 1994 and 2009

1994
2009
Coal
28.7%
Coal
34.5%
Gas
36.7%
Gas
46.9%
Oil
28.7%
Oil
24.4%
150,366 kt C
130,342 kt C

Source: APERC estimates.
Figure 3.8
180,000
160,000
140,000
ktoe
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
61
62
Figure 3.9 Final Energy Consumption by Type,

19942009
Figure 3.10 Total Primary Energy Supply,

19942009
180,000
250,000
160,000
200,000
140,000
150,000
ktoe
ktoe
120,000
100,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
0
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Coal
Others
Gas
Oil
Hydro

Figure 3.11
19942009
Figure 3.12
19942009
Geothermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Nuclear

Indigenous Energy Production,
1999
1998
1997
1996
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Coal
1995
50,000
1994
20,000
Others
Electricity Generation by Source,
350,000
450,000
400,000
300,000
350,000
250,000
300,000
200,000
GWh
ktoe
250,000
200,000
150,000
150,000
100,000
100,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro

Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
Others
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1994
50,000
50,000
Figure 3.13
19942009
Fuel Input for Electricity Generation,
63
Figure 3.14 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fuel

Combustion, 19942009
60,000
180,000
160,000
50,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
30,000
kt C
ktoe
40,000
80,000
20,000
60,000
40,000
10,000
Coal
Oil
Figure 3.16
19942009
180
1,800
CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, TFEC = total final energy consumption,
TPES = total primary energy supply.
Note: Indices are measured relative to the base year 2000 (2000 = 100).
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity
t C = ton of carbon equivalent , toe = ton of oil equivalent.

2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2003
2002
2001
2000
2004
CO2 Emissions
2001
200
TPES
400
400
1999
1998
600
200
TFEC
600
800
20
1998
1997
1,000
2000
40
800
1999
60
1,200
1998
80
1,000
1,400
1997
100
1,200
1,600
1996
120
Energy and Carbon Intensities,
1995
140
1997
Gas
1,400
1994
160
1996
Oil
Carbon Intensity (t C/constant 2000 $ million)
2,000
Energy Intensity (toe/constant 2000 $ million)
200
1995
1996
Coal

Figure 3.15 Growth of GDP, TFEC, TPES, and CO2

Emissions (indexed to year 2000), 19942009
1994
1995
Gas

GDP
1994
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
20,000
20
Exports
International
Bunkers
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
Other
Transformation
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
14.1
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
Non-Specified
Others
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
14.2
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
4.1
480
49
49
50
1,685
2,215
16
1,703
1,703
496
20
522
95
95
2,707
1,536
43,969
1,144
45,113
500
49,951
363
82,393
15,041
116,940
9,797
44,092
1,819
5,257
879
536
1,415
6,672
16,825
5,127
30,443
518
1,781
41,940
10,378
31,562
666
522
68
2,162
11,446
13,019
36
37
7,784
65
7,890
22
7,645
7,645
268
73
1,254
1,595
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
Products and NGLs Products Gasoline
2.
258
140
51
191
449
117
566
492
483
84
17
97
Kerosene
4.2
306
31
2,787
188
217
405
3,192
8,585
2,181
13,989
117
13,879
151
13,728
387
31
19
4,921
5,296
0
0
420
549
207
756
1,176
95
10
1,281
858
858
1,234
810
27
1,017
234
LPG
4.5
1,046
61
61
1,107
26
2,313
3,450
475
210
11,799
10,211
1,588
568
2,165
110
83
2,313
4,451
Fuel Oil
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
0
4.4
4.3
355,962
52,230
139
20
214
14.1.2 Residential
234
7,140
7,513
125
829
4,440
23,231
27,671
36,138
122
12,793
3,544
Imports
2.
45,265
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
Central and West Asia Energy Balance Table, 2006
1.
Table 3.3
28,174
1,780
710
711
335
441
3,267
54
1,431
7,267
7,260
2,616
23
2,060
1,924
1,345
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
130,503
114,428
3,415
7,508
21,227
8,027
29,254
36,762
4,322
15,695
60,194
15,708
34,092
34,092
109,994
603
58,799
18,997
150,399
Gas
5.
90,731
7,803
7,803
7,803
7,803
Hydro
6.
4,928
1,284
1,284
1,284
1,284
Nuclear
7.
14
14
14
14
14
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
90
24,852
24
24,876
24,966
3,012
27,978
554
554
28,533
28,530
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
3,583
6,512
1,514
8,025
11,608
582
8,847
21,037
5,215
26,351
26,351
99
2,186
2,087
Electricity
13.
4,777
1,834
17
1,851
6,628
88
3,994
496,261
306,409
5,948
21,430
55,380
10,124
65,504
86,934
21,817
45,500
160,199
2,295
10,710
26,214
4
554
2,737
2,029
39,730
45,050
166
233,592
70
2,162
167,623
53,213
350,235
Total
15.
1,145
11,851
11,851
Heat
14.
Unit: ktoe
64
25
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.1.1 Commerce and Public

Services
11
Non-Specified
Others
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
523
87
87
1,875
3,903
26
1,254
44,408
1,286
45,694
192
51,130
119
94,788
15,969
129,830
2,399
1,868
1,868
505
44
553
4.
4.1
4.2
5,359
44,205
2,266
6,259
822
559
1,381
7,640
19,344
3,892
33,142
368
1,900
43,260
9,443
33,817
375
1,219
463
2,029
12,314
15,099
39
42
9,064
72
9,183
16
8,371
8,371
837
88
1,304
2,053
325
161
21
182
507
131
638
523
515
124
11
113
Crude Oil Petroleum

and NGLs Products Gasoline Kerosene
3.
6,250
42
343
17
3,213
114
256
370
3,583
9,799
1,961
15,360
138
59
14,735
286
14,449
1,108
183
13
5,312
754
3,870
1,221
69
69
1,290
23
1,696
3,018
49
327
11,167
9,142
2,025
582
1,951
107
117
2,552
4,513
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
397,955
59,095
120
22
339
14.1.2 Residential
14.2
364
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
14.
9,201
Industry Sector
12.
9,696
Discrepancy
Total Final Energy

Consumption
3,369
10.
Loss and Own Use
9.
4,185
22,112
26,297
39,358
385
11,609
4,428
46,154
Coal
Products
Coal
11.
Coal Transformation
Other Transformation
8.4
Refineries
8.3
8.5.
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total Transformation
Sector
7.
Total Primary Energy

Supply
6.
8.
International Bunkers
Stock Changes
4.
5.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
2.
1.
1.
Table 3.4
565
543
213
756
1,321
61
1,385
909
909
1,337
856
14
1,131
261
LPG
4.5
4.6
30,860
2,234
896
897
397
30
3,558
169
1,495
7,555
7,548
380
1,946
60
1,899
2,015
1,908
Other
Petroleum
Products
132,973
112,014
3,213
9,596
21,687
9,662
31,349
40,945
4,936
15,635
64,729
22
16,223
25
34,486
34,511
115,485
512
58,678
10,664
164,011
Gas
5.
85,985
7,394
7,394
7,394
7,394
Hydro
6.
5,630
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
Nuclear
7.
16
16
16
16
16
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
108
25,404
40
25,444
25,552
3,077
28,629
566
566
29,196
29,193
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
3,559
6,052
1,756
7,808
11,367
594
9,024
20,985
5,137
26,397
26,397
265
2,115
1,850
Electricity
13.
48,566
378,110
Total
15.
1,884
5,051
2,080
25
2,105
7,156
100
4,429
11,685
1,170
12,808
12,808
45
538,171
306,932
6,209
24,913
56,074
12,054
68,128
93,041
24,985
47,133
171,368
4,271
29,053
566
2,317
1,148
25
36,984
41,040
183
245,549
451
2,029
0 179,548
45
Heat
14.
Unit: ktoe

65
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
403,817
64,658
37
300
1,108
11
1,119
1,419
15
8,422
9,893
13
3,031
4,931
23,003
27,934
40,845
13
14,549
3,557
51,850
3.
4.
489
1,794
2,284
74
1,903
1,902
308
13
141
462
84
84
712
2,123
44,411
120
44,531
531
47,981
139
100,318
11,888
136,272
3,852
39,116
2,091
6,283
1,042
664
1,706
7,989
19,911
4,066
34,057
12
2,142
42,980
9,207
33,773
685
1,753
604
2,217
12,602
15,968
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
40
42
10,080
70
10,194
27
8,588
8,588
1,642
379
1,336
2,599
298
138
31
169
467
96
571
494
486
88
88
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
6,206
42
242
41
3,534
217
330
547
4,081
9,389
2,093
15,604
51
56
15,208
266
14,942
667
82
40
5,581
586
1,681
10
1,351
101
101
1,452
30
1,777
3,269
60
292
10,249
8,933
1,316
332
2,517
17
129
2,607
5,270
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
1.
Table 3.5
348
684
202
886
1,234
16
1,251
936
936
1,338
1,021
21
1,249
249
LPG
4.5
4.6
32,433
2,030
712
713
396
29
3,168
114
1,762
7,505
7,505
321
2,140
179
2,048
1,827
1,556
Other
Petroleum
Products
134,313
108,393
4,976
10,989
23,890
9,434
33,324
44,313
5,449
15,906
70,644
27
16,633
53
33,844
33,897
121,201
213
61,737
9,973
173,178
Gas
5.
84,952
7,307
7,307
7,307
7,307
Hydro
6.
4,079
1,063
1,063
1,063
1,063
Nuclear
7.
12
14
14
14
14
14
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
178
25,919
42
25,961
26,139
3,144
29,283
578
578
29,862
29,859
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
3,676
5,759
1,751
7,510
11,186
646
9,087
20,919
15
4,951
25,906
25,906
52
1,920
1,868
Electricity
13.
1,800
4,971
2,068
40
2,108
7,079
99
4,484
11,662
1,325
12,942
12,942
43
43
Heat
14.
543,782
301,202
7,677
26,398
59,798
11,944
71,742
98,140
26,120
46,903
178,839
648
30,205
579
3,028
1,431
53
35,696
40,787
154
250,325
504
2,217
191,267
43,720
399,585
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
66
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
398,667
61,409
35
460
1,098
56
1,154
8,466
10,151
59
2,263
3,197
3.
4.
391
1,676
2,068
37
26
1,635
1,635
422
40
20
402
81
81
3,986
1,965
40,845
288
41,133
1,477
48,642
171
112,030
13,575
146,926
2,512
40,337
1,872
5,684
1,106
527
1,633
7,317
19,465
3,090
31,744
321
2,087
39,641
9,582
30,059
1,611
2,482
1,970
2,149
13,521
16,182
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
33
42
44
9,896
76
10,049
16
8,680
8,680
1,393
1,070
2,464
249
124
28
152
401
66
467
398
390
79
29
10
60
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
47
11
3,076
175
246
421
3,497
9,167
1,831
14,506
30
85
14,466
334
14,132
489
116
39
5,523
6,167
209
489
1,393
157
44
201
1,594
14
1,091
2,708
148
192
8,175
9,240
1,065
4,113
1,544
190
3,091
5,850
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
1,614
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
36
Refineries
8.3
22,099
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
25,296
37,651
25
13,229
3,528
47,377
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
1.
Table 3.6
349
647
209
856
1,205
34
1,245
1,057
1,057
1,610
1,422
1,666
241
LPG
4.5
4.6
36,218
1,814
575
576
354
25
2,769
129
1,798
6,865
6,865
2,170
511
1,920
2,161
1,400
Other
Petroleum
Products
127,949
111,420
5,086
7,742
22,638
9,160
31,798
39,540
4,460
15,608
64,694
21
16,569
38
34,012
34,050
115,334
399
38,819
5,876
148,676
Gas
5.
81,755
7,031
7,031
7,031
7,031
Hydro
6.
5,388
1,404
1,404
1,404
1,404
Nuclear
7.
38
44
44
44
44
44
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
176
26,059
38
26,097
26,273
3,212
29,485
591
591
30,075
30,075
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
3,711
5,762
1,635
7,397
11,108
665
8,858
20,631
11
4,913
25,826
25,826
293
1,862
1,569
Electricity
13.
1,675
5,061
2,105
37
2,142
7,203
101
4,172
11,476
1,203
12,636
12,636
40
40
Heat
14.
530,803
300,315
7,465
22,835
58,806
11,459
70,265
93,100
24,727
45,082
170,374
4,217
29,026
591
1,562
1,204
38
35,954
39,349
134
242,832
1,757
2,149
179,481
41,132
381,573
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe

67
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1992
1991
1993
147,861
60,361
6,539
28,531
15,779
36,652
197,295
689
21,571
133
6,895
78,339
49,671
39,997
209,050
21,568
133
6,895
88,966
42,155
49,333
1994
142,771
37,911
8,561
39,704
16,233
40,362
185,532
396
22,525
205
6,241
77,912
45,723
32,530
205,218
22,522
205
6,241
92,127
44,228
39,895
1995
Central and West Asia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 3.7
136,998
35,267
6,695
41,775
17,679
35,582
180,556
323
23,260
696
6,138
74,473
46,091
29,574
207,127
23,257
696
6,138
92,609
47,563
36,864
1996
132,841
32,463
8,675
42,973
16,400
32,330
175,779
107
23,551
517
5,901
74,122
46,452
25,129
197,484
23,548
517
5,901
80,896
52,104
34,518
1997
138,642
32,188
8,777
45,711
17,097
34,870
182,338
266
23,974
488
5,918
79,344
46,971
25,377
201,344
23,971
488
5,918
80,727
56,378
33,863
1998
138,769
31,256
10,273
46,827
16,971
33,442
184,098
124
24,535
646
5,877
83,957
45,030
23,928
216,236
24,532
646
5,877
92,989
63,335
28,857
1999
132,848
23,372
8,581
48,485
19,055
33,354
185,859
204
25,091
1,043
5,804
84,082
46,242
23,387
249,868
25,088
1,043
5,804
113,265
68,218
36,444
2000
133,212
21,309
8,403
49,319
18,947
35,233
186,301
122
25,701
10
1,115
5,842
86,443
42,163
24,905
262,803
25,698
10
1,115
5,842
117,456
75,338
37,344
2001
136,624
21,946
8,459
51,350
19,569
35,300
194,694
93
26,326
10
1,048
6,399
90,850
43,978
25,991
274,395
26,323
10
1,048
6,399
122,031
83,547
35,038
2002
143,706
23,056
9,208
52,101
20,611
38,730
202,278
-166
26,930
10
980
7,280
96,044
42,692
28,509
296,371
26,927
10
980
7,280
132,209
89,411
39,555
2003
149,226
23,681
9,334
52,994
21,192
42,025
214,780
-380
27,535
10
1,302
7,272
99,844
45,592
33,606
312,783
27,532
10
1,302
7,272
138,266
97,214
41,188
2004
155,981
25,022
9,675
53,441
21,427
46,416
217,213
-174
27,930
10
1,355
7,755
103,787
42,571
33,978
328,896
27,927
10
1,355
7,755
146,431
104,005
41,413
2005
160,199
27,378
10,124
55,380
21,817
45,500
233,592
-99
28,533
14
1,284
7,803
109,994
49,429
36,634
350,235
28,530
14
1,284
7,803
150,399
116,940
45,265
2006
171,368
31,122
12,054
56,074
24,985
47,133
245,549
-220
29,196
16
1,467
7,394
115,485
52,349
39,863
378,110
45
29,193
16
1,467
7,394
164,011
129,830
46,154
2007
170,374
30,300
11,459
58,806
24,727
45,082
242,832
-253
30,075
44
1,404
7,031
115,334
51,124
38,073
381,573
40
30,075
44
1,404
7,031
148,676
146,926
47,377
2009
178,839
34,075
11,944
59,798
26,120
46,903
250,325
-9
29,862
14
1,063
7,307
121,201
49,734
41,153
399,585
43
29,859
14
1,063
7,307
173,178
136,272
51,850
2008
68
1990
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Gas
Total
Coal
Coal
Own Use
Total
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Total
Hydro
Thermal
Total
Oil
1991
Coal
Table 3.7 continued
1992
1993
130,342
47,863
37,454
45,025
42,337
19,086
11,165
12,086
53,338
15,337
38,001
243,257
511
80,199
162,547
147,861
21,140
14,167
16,404
49,346
32,093
14,711
1994
120,676
47,067
36,194
37,415
37,646
19,170
11,176
7,299
57,134
16,535
40,599
241,415
787
72,587
168,041
142,771
22,055
12,265
15,765
48,999
29,968
13,719
1995
114,292
44,529
35,700
34,062
35,590
17,574
11,361
6,655
57,239
15,558
41,681
235,637
2,670
71,384
161,583
136,998
22,820
11,375
15,224
45,951
29,377
12,251
1996
109,367
43,857
35,631
29,879
34,912
17,574
11,901
5,437
54,958
14,535
40,423
228,695
1,982
68,622
158,091
132,841
23,101
9,960
14,473
45,973
28,861
10,473
1997
114,811
48,013
36,642
30,157
35,376
18,431
11,357
5,587
58,387
13,442
44,945
229,291
1,873
68,801
158,617
138,642
23,515
10,430
14,413
49,712
30,456
10,116
1998
115,413
50,603
35,606
29,205
37,171
19,967
11,594
5,610
54,364
11,942
42,422
229,704
2,477
68,339
158,888
138,769
24,064
9,859
14,777
52,399
28,912
8,758
1999
115,501
51,426
36,169
27,907
41,958
22,901
11,982
7,075
57,945
16,953
40,992
239,157
4,002
67,488
167,667
132,848
24,609
9,031
15,234
48,734
28,773
6,462
2000
114,812
52,813
33,220
28,778
41,334
25,860
9,738
5,735
61,015
18,000
43,015
249,057
4,278
67,934
176,845
133,212
10
25,207
9,332
15,580
47,419
27,505
8,160
2001
119,136
55,531
32,878
30,727
42,449
25,585
9,459
7,405
63,182
18,058
45,123
255,485
4,022
74,397
177,066
136,624
10
25,821
10,551
15,918
49,987
27,636
6,702
2002
125,377
59,073
32,288
34,016
43,214
28,441
6,517
8,256
64,124
19,047
45,078
271,903
3,758
84,668
183,477
143,706
10
26,413
10,957
16,964
51,151
29,722
8,489
2003
132,146
61,357
32,557
38,232
44,847
29,714
6,691
8,442
65,186
19,174
46,011
282,893
4,996
84,555
193,342
149,226
10
27,006
11,097
17,555
52,518
30,302
10,739
2004
135,580
64,087
33,395
38,098
45,490
30,400
7,550
7,540
56,328
8,930
47,398
292,968
5,200
90,191
197,577
155,981
10
27,387
11,343
19,753
54,773
30,736
11,980
2005
145,935
68,273
36,612
41,050
54,029
30,196
11,230
12,604
55,714
8,628
47,086
306,409
4,928
90,731
210,750
160,199
14
27,978
10,710
21,037
60,194
30,538
9,728
2006
154,388
71,890
37,580
44,919
51,316
30,516
10,569
10,231
54,354
9,151
45,203
306,932
5,630
85,985
215,314
171,368
16
28,629
11,685
20,985
64,729
33,229
12,095
2007
150,366
70,584
36,672
43,110
50,183
30,192
9,795
10,197
159,319
74,399
38,161
46,760
49,993
29,834
9,212
10,947
51,802
7,860
7,442
52,112
43,942
300,315
5,388
81,755
213,166
170,374
44
29,485
11,476
20,631
64,694
31,825
12,219
2009
44,670
301,202
4,079
84,952
212,167
178,839
14
29,283
11,662
20,919
70,644
34,141
12,177
2008

69
606
15.0
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
603
15.7
14.8
560
551
414,893
103,877
113,397
35.1
205,887
1992
14.8
543
512
394,110
102,717
107,661
35.1
210,247
1993
0.66
0.61
1,256
890
15.1
6.0
1,425
1,901
0.69
0.92
14.0
513
484
378,978
98,776
103,791
35.0
214,409
1994
0.65
0.55
1,142
839
3.3
10.6
1,352
1,756
0.65
0.85
13.6
545
483
379,889
106,950
105,630
35.0
218,618
1995
0.63
0.51
1,048
794
3.2
14.7
1,257
1,656
0.61
0.81
13.5
557
489
392,089
111,424
109,010
35.0
223,008
1996
0.62
0.48
986
740
12.2
12.3
1,198
1,586
0.58
0.77
10
13.4
557
487
399,265
113,596
110,864
35.0
227,573
1997
0.63
0.49
1,012
722
20.0
10.4
1,222
1,607
0.60
0.79
10
13.6
553
489
408,719
114,842
113,477
35.1
232,160
1998
0.63
0.49
980
726
40.6
17.5
1,178
1,563
0.59
0.78
10
13.5
524
497
424,723
110,936
117,753
35.2
236,749
1999
0.62
0.48
931
735
47.5
34.4
1,071
1,498
0.55
0.77
10
13.2
564
515
449,346
121,381
124,094
35.2
241,139
2000
0.62
0.47
882
738
78.7
41.1
1,024
1,432
0.54
0.76
21
13.8
511
530
473,513
125,512
130,118
35.4
245,383
2001
0.61
0.48
857
742
90.0
40.9
983
1,401
0.55
0.78
26
13.7
522
557
515,100
130,267
138,986
35.6
249,473
2002
0.62
0.49
844
778
109.4
46.5
968
1,362
0.57
0.80
26
13.7
602
586
551,179
152,504
148,508
35.8
253,519
2003
0.62
0.51
821
792
113.2
45.6
927
1,335
0.58
0.83
27
14.1
727
624
597,536
187,373
160,898
36.0
257,674
2004
0.62
0.52
770
877
144.3
51.4
886
1,234
0.60
0.83
28
14.5
860
672
653,973
225,279
176,019
36.2
262,028
2005
0.62
0.55
760
918
136.6
49.9
834
1,217
0.60
0.88
30
14.4
1,067
720
715,071
284,311
192,005
36.5
266,530
2006
0.63
0.57
738
900
148.0
54.0
819
1,174
0.63
0.91
30
14.3
1,301
771
777,962
352,658
209,193
36.8
271,162
2007
0.64
0.58
736
881
174.0
59.6
827
1,157
0.65
0.91
30
14.3
1,594
784
810,028
440,073
216,324
37.1
276,062
2008
0.62
0.61
693
969
187.4
57.1
785
1,119
0.69
0.98
30
13.3
1,480
801
843,775
416,181
225,329
37.4
281,152
2009
= no data or not applicable, CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatt-hour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatt-hour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil
Notes:
2. Afghanistan was excluded in the calculation of basic energy indicators for 2009 because of unavailability of energy data.
Sources: ADB (2011), APERC estimates, IEA (2011b), JAMA (2012), UNSD (2011a), and World Bank.
591
622
2000 $)

persons)
438,533
452,619
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
109,635
107,692
119,005
35.1
201,346
122,325
35.1
1991

million)
196,626
Urban Population, %
1990
Table 3.7 continued
70
3.1 Afghanistan
Country Profile (2009)

652,230
66.0
33,438
1.8
8.4
Oil (billion barrels) - Proven
15.5
= no data or not applicable.

Sources: ADB (2011 and 2012), IEA (2011c), World Bank, and WEC (2010).
Biomass: 405
Hydro: 53
Coal: 23
Gas: 3
Indigenous Production: 483
PRIMARY COMMODITIES: 483

Transformation: 76
Transformation
Losses: 61
Imports: 342
Oil: 250
Electricity: 91
(Discrepancy: 3)
(Discrepancy: 8)
15
SECONDARY COMMODITIES: 357

405
257
International Bunkers: 74
Loss and Own Use: 18
Biomass: 405
Oil: 104
Electricity: 153
Final Consumption by Type: 661
Others: 86
Commercial: 9
Residential: 441
Transport: 99
Industry: 27
Final Consumption by Sector: 661
71
72
Table 3.1.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
19,024
22,476
25,951
29,905
32,518
3.6
3.2
2.7
6.8
7.2
22.4
28.6
190
144
105
227
221
748
879

= no data or not applicable, GDP = gross domestic product, PPP = purchasing power parity.
Table 3.1.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

564
457
499
463
483
Net Imports
660
318
147
153
267
1,224
775
646
617
751
99
23
23
668
308
139
144
176
Total PES
Coal
Oil
Gas
213
167
119
Biomass
178
246
335
387
405
Others
66
50
53
60
144
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
28
26
28
20
25
27
423
136
61
49
99
TPES/capita (toe)
Industry
Transportation
Other Sectors
186
233
371
442
536
Total FEC
608
397
453
516
661
423
136
65
55
104
Electricity
35
54
53
75
153
Biomass
151
207
335
387
405
Coal
Oil
Gas
Others
Source: UNSD (2011a).
Afghanistan
Figure 3.1.1

1990
Commercial
1.3%
Others
0.5%
2008
Industry
4.0%
Industry
0.0%
Commercial
1.3%
Others
13.0%
Transport
15.0%
Residential
28.8%
Transport
69.5%
Residential
66.7%
608 ktoe
661 ktoe

Figure 3.1.2

1990
2008
Oil
15.7%
Biomass
24.8%
Electricity
5.7%
Oil
69.5%
608 ktoe
Biomass
61.2%
661 ktoe
Electricity
23.1%
73
Figure 3.1.3 Total Primary Energy Supply, 1990 and 2008

1,400
Others 0
1,200
Biomass 178
Hydro 66
1,000
Gas 213
800
ktoe
74
Others 91
600
Biomass 405
Oil 668
400
Gas 3
Hydro 53
200
Oil 176
Coal 99
Coal 23
1990
2008

Figure 3.1.4

1990
2008
Coal
4.8%
Coal
17.6%
Biomass
31.5%
Hydro
11.7%
Gas
37.7%
564 ktoe
Oil
0.0%
Hydro
10.9%
Oil
1.5%
Biomass
83.8%
483 ktoe
Gas
0.5%
Afghanistan
Figure 3.1.5

1990
2008
Thermal
32.3%
Thermal
33.0%
Hydro
67.0%
Hydro
67.7%
1,128 GWh
917 GWh
Figure 3.1.6

1990
Others
7.9%
2008
Industry
0.0%
Commercial
22.3%
Residential
69.8%
Industry
15.5%
Residential
22.5%
Others
56.3%
Commercial
5.6%
404 GWh
Sources: UNSD (2011a).
1,775 GWh
75
Figure 3.1.7

2008
1990
Coal
17.4%
Coal
15.2%
Oil
84.8%
Oil
82.6%
165 kt C
457 kt C
Figure 3.1.8
19902008
Final Energy Consumption by Sector,
700
600
500
400
ktoe
300
200
Industry
Transport
ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent

Residential
Commercial
Others
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
100
1990
76
Afghanistan
Figure 3.1.9
19902008
Figure 3.1.10 Total Primary Energy Supply,

19902008
Final Energy Consumption by Type,
1,400
600
1,200
500
1,000
400
800
Oil
Gas


Figure 3.1.11
19902008
Figure 3.1.12
19902008
1,200
500
1,000
400
800

Gas
Hydro
Biomass
Thermal
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
Hydro
Others
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1996
1995
1994
1993
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
200
1991
100
1990
400
Oil
Biomass
600
200
Coal
Hydro
1992
300
1991
GWh
600
1990
1998
1996
1997
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2001
2004
Coal
Biomass
1997
Electricity
2002
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
200
1994
100
1993
400
1992
200
1991
600
1990
300
1990
ktoe
ktoe
700
Oil
ktoe
77
78
Figure 3.1.13
19902008
Figure 3.1.14 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fuel

500
120
450
100
400
350
80
60
kt C
ktoe
300
250
200
40
150
100
20
Oil
Coal

Sources: APERC estimates, and UNSD (2011a).
Figure 3.1.16
19902008
600
500
400
300
200
100
400
140
350
120
300
100
250
80
200
60
150
40
100
20
50
TPES
CO2 Emissions
CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, TFEC = total final energy
consumption, TPES = total primary energy supply.
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
TFEC
2008
Oil

Figure 3.1.15 Growth of GDP, TFEC, TPES, and CO2

GDP
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

Coal
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
50
Afghanistan
79
Notes:
It could be noted that Afghanistans total primary energy supply (TPES) from 1990 to 2008
has decreased at an average annual rate of 2.7%, although the rate of decrease declined
considerably to 0.3% from 1992 to 2008. In contrast, total final energy consumption (TFEC)
increased at an average annual rate of 0.5% from1990 to 2008.
The main reason for these diverging TPES and TFEC growth rates could be the change in the
composition of the TFEC mix from an oil-dominated mix in 1990 to a biomass-dominated mix
in 2008. The use of biomass is less efficient as compared to using petroleum products such
as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or kerosene.9 This means that on an energy quantity basis,
the same amount of energy service requires more biomass as compared to using LPG and
kerosene. A study carried out by the Center for Energy Studies of the Tribhuvan University
in Nepal showed that the overall efficiency of wood-fuelled stove is only 22.8% efficient
compared to the 53.6% for LPG and 49.5% for kerosene.
It could therefore be concluded that the shift from oil-dominated TFEC mix to biomassdominated TFEC mix in Afghanistan is the reason why TFEC grew faster than the TPES in the
country from 1990 to 2008.
Center for Energy Studies, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University (2001).
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
81
3.
4.
285
49
55
82
82
144
67
212
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
40
40
40
40
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
285
10
10
82
82
91
91
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
23
23
23
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
23
Coal
1.
Afghanistan Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.1.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
10
67
77
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
596
51
51
51
51
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
387
387
387
387
387
387
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
36
13
17
53
22
75
17
83
83
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
962
36
402
406
442
49
25
516
10
17
73
73
617
67
221
463
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
80
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
81
3.
4.
294
47
52
84
84
144
67
212
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
40
40
40
40
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
294
84
84
91
91
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
23
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
23
23
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
23
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.1.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
10
67
77
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
601
52
52
52
52
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
396
396
396
396
396
396
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
73
26
34
107
26
133
17
84
84
68
68
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
976
73
423
432
505
47
29
581
12
17
75
75
685
67
280
473
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Afghanistan
81
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
81
3.
4.
317
43
48
91
91
148
69
217
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
41
41
41
41
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
317
91
91
93
93
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
23
23
23
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
23
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.1.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
10
69
79
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
609
52
52
52
52
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
405
405
405
405
405
405
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
86
34
43
129
26
155
17
87
87
89
89
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
1,007
86
441
450
536
43
29
608
14
17
80
80
719
69
306
483
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
82
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
81
3.
4.
222
99
104
64
64
176
74
250
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
41
41
41
41
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
222
58
58
64
64
122
122
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
23
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
23
23
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
23
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.1.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
10
74
84
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
614
53
53
53
53
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
405
405
405
405
405
405
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
86
34
43
129
24
153
18
79
79
91
91
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
917
86
441
450
536
99
27
661
11
18
61
61
751
74
342
483
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Afghanistan
83
Wind
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
1,224
423
175
608
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Total
Hydro
Others
66
Gas
178
213
Oil
Biomass
99
668
Coal
564
Solar
Total
Geothermal
Nuclear
178
Hydro
Others
66
Gas
Biomass
213
Oil
99
Coal
1990
11
584
177
398
345
183
154
792
1,161
196
41
187
351
430
196
41
187
1992
183
59
205
623
90
544
183
59
205
90
1991
382
196
148
31
788
11
211
41
182
339
438
211
41
182
1993
388
209
141
31
782
11
228
41
174
324
447
228
41
174
1994
Afghanistan Summary Table, 19902009
Table 3.1.7
397
222
136
28
775
10
246
40
167
308
457
246
40
167
1995
446
11
279
128
24
769
265
41
160
291
468
265
41
160
1996
457
16
295
120
23
758
285
42
148
273
476
285
42
148
1997
466
17
309
116
22
749
299
43
139
259
481
299
43
139
1998
423
25
325
54
17
690
316
43
129
192
489
316
43
129
1999
453
25
344
61
20
646
335
44
119
139
499
335
44
119
2000
455
26
353
54
19
645
345
43
112
119
18
518
345
43
112
18
2001
459
23
365
46
22
516
355
49
82
15
425
355
49
15
2002
567
39
377
123
25
660
365
56
200
25
451
365
56
25
2003
497
35
389
46
24
595
376
50
134
24
452
376
50
24
2004
516
36
402
49
25
617
387
51
144
23
463
387
51
23
2005
581
73
423
47
29
685
68
396
52
144
23
473
396
52
23
2006
608
86
441
43
29
719
89
405
52
148
23
483
405
52
23
2007
2009
661
86
441
99
27
751
91
405
53
176
23
483
405
53
23
2008
84
1990
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
215
231
104
Gas
Total
79
377
457
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
31
Oil
424
353
71
93
27
74
Coal
66
215
1,015
690
325
584
155
31
398
1991
231
Total
Own Use
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
1,128
764
Hydro
Total
364
Thermal
608
Total
Heat
35
Electricity
Others
Gas
151
423
Oil
Biomass
Coal
181
175
65
59
175
175
703
478
225
345
166
25
154
1992
175
169
63
58
175
175
695
475
220
382
178
56
148
1993
168
164
62
57
175
175
687
472
215
388
192
55
141
1994
162
158
60
56
169
169
675
466
209
397
207
54
136
1995
153
151
57
55
169
169
675
475
200
446
265
53
128
1996
143
142
53
52
167
167
670
485
185
457
285
52
120
1997
136
135
49
47
166
166
665
495
170
466
299
51
116
1998
89
88
52
51
166
166
685
505
180
423
316
53
54
1999
96
95
49
49
166
166
688
516
172
453
335
53
65
2000
97
78
20
54
36
18
166
166
691
503
188
455
345
53
58
2001
81
65
16
43
29
15
170
170
722
571
151
459
355
56
49
2002
188
162
26
94
70
25
194
194
976
647
329
567
365
76
126
2003
131
105
26
100
77
24
209
209
929
579
350
497
376
71
51
2004
138
113
25
105
82
23
200
200
962
596
366
516
387
75
55
2005
138
113
25
108
84
23
202
202
976
601
375
581
396
133
52
2006
141
116
25
114
91
23
203
203
1,007
609
398
608
405
155
48
2007
165
140
25
87
64
23
205
2009
205
917
614
303
661
405
153
104
2008
Afghanistan
85
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
0.03
338
168
53.9
98.7
21
126
0.02
0.37
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.37
0.02
127
18
99.0
53.1
175
347
0.03
0.06
26.5
0.23
0.01
52
14
100.0
45.8
99
228
0.02
0.04
15.4
171
3,475
18.9
20,336
1992
0.22
0.01
66
31
100.0
44.4
143
296
0.02
0.04
13 .1
127
2,665
19.2
21,025
1993
0.21
0.01
79
29
100.0
42.9
184
370
0.02
0.04
10 .0
97
2,115
19.5
21,738
1994
0.21
0.01
50
28
100.0
41.1
123
239
0.02
0.03
6.5
144
3,236
19.8
22,476
1995
0.20
0.01
49
27
100.0
39.1
143
246
0.02
0.03
8 .0
135
3,124
20.1
23,131
1996
0.19
0.01
47
25
100.0
37.1
152
251
0.02
0.03
9.9
127
3,016
20.4
23,806
1997
0.18
0.01
47
24
100.0
35.7
160
257
0.02
0.03
12.4
119
2,911
20.7
24,501
1998
0.13
0.00
32
24
100.0
29.1
151
245
0.02
0.03
15.3
111
2,810
21.0
25,215
1999
0.15
0.00
35
24
100.0
22.8
167
238
0.02
0.02
18.9
105
2,713
21.3
25,951
2000
0.15
0.00
37
23
100.0
19.7
174
246
0.02
0.02
21 .2
92
98
2,462
2,618
21.6
26,697
2001
0.16
0.00
17
24
100.0
17.6
97
109
0.02
0.02
14.8
158
173
15,616
4,339
4,741
21.9
27,466
2002
0.29
0.01
35
31
100.0
31.7
105
122
0.02
0.02
12.6
169
192
17,851
4,766
5,420
22.3
28,256
2003
0.22
0.00
22
28
100.0
24.0
84
100
0.02
0.02
14 .0
196
204
19,536
5,704
5,932
22.6
29,069
2004
0.22
0.00
20
29
100.0
24.9
76
91
0.02
0.02
14.6
228
227
22,372
6,815
6,793
22.9
29,905
2005
0.20
0.00
19
50
100.0
31.0
80
94
0.02
0.02
15.1
251
237
24,875
7,722
7,295
23.3
30,752
2006
0.20
0.00
17
57
100.0
32.9
72
85
0.02
0.02
13.6
307
268
27,644
9,707
8,475
23.7
31,622
2007
0.22
0.01
23
55
100.0
35.6
92
105
0.02
0.02
13.7
367
221
28,584
11,940
7,173
24.0
32,518
2008
12.2
425
252
34,415
14,214
8,413
24.4
33,438
2009
= no data or not applicable, CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatthour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatthour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of
oil equivalent,
Sources: ADB, (2011), APERC estimates, JAMA (2012), UNSD (2011a), and World Bank.
0.06
27.8

persons)
170
190
2000 $)
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
3,341
18.6
19,669
1991
3,622
18.3
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
19,024
Urban Population, %
1990
86
3.2 Armenia
29,740
163.0
3,085
5.8
4.0

Note: The latest available data on electrification rate is for the year 2005, which is 99.8%.
Sources: ADB (2012), World Bank, and WEC (2010).
Gas: 1,434
Hydro: 174
Nuclear: 650
Biomass: 1
Imports: 1,434

Transformation
Losses: 589
Exports: 25
Imports: 426
Oil: 401
Electricity: 25
510

779
1,135
Exports: 29
Heat: 22
Electricity: 386
Gas: 1,134
Oil: 371
Biomass: 1
Others: 131
Commercial: 98
Residential: 606
Transport: 571
Industry: 508
87
88
Table 3.2.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
3,545
3,223
3,076
3,066
3,085
2.8
1.5
1.9
3.4
4.0
10.4
5.5
7.1
12.6
14.8
795
462
621
1,109
1,302
2,938
1,706
2,295
4,096
4,811

Source: World Bank.
Table 3.2.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

245
632
861
825
Net Imports
1,386
1,371
1,643
1,776
Total PES
1,631
2,003
2,504
2,601
Coal
Oil
241
291
372
371
Gas
1,143
1,120
1,338
1,409
Biomass
Others
245
591
793
820
TPES/capita (toe)
0.51
0.65
0.82
0.84
297
284
199
175
Industry
313
398
682
508
Transportation
55
208
251
571
Other Sectors
766
490
772
835
Total FEC
1,134
1,096
1,705
1,914
Coal
Oil
194
291
372
371
Gas
615
439
933
1,134
Electricity
262
309
358
386
Biomass
Others
61
56
41
22
Source: IEA (2011b).
Armenia
Figure 3.2.1

2009
1994
Commercial
5.1%
Others
15.5%
Commercial
9.0%
Others
6.8%
Industry
26.5%
Industry
31.0%
Residential
31.7%
Residential
37.9%
Transport
29.8%
Transport
6.5%
1,914 ktoe
1.073 ktoe
Figure 3.2.2

2009
1994
Biomass
0.1%
Coal
1.5%
Heat
4.9%
Oil
24.6%
Electricity
25.9%
Heat
1.1%
Biomass
0.1%
Coal
0.0%
Oil
19.4%
Electricity
20.2%
Gas
43.0%
Gas
59.2%
1,073 ktoe
1,914 ktoe
89

3,000
Biomass 1
2,500
Nuclear 650
2,000
Hydro 174
Others 1
1,500
Biomass 1
ktoe
90
Hydro 302
Nuclear 0
Gas 1,409
1,000
Gas 706
500
Oil 340
Oil 371
Coal 16
Coal 0
0
Others 4
500
1994
2009

Figure 3.2.4

2009
1994
Biomass
0.1%
Biomass
0.3%
Nuclear
0.0%
Hydro
21.1%
Hydro
99.7%
303 ktoe
Nuclear
78.8%
825 ktoe
Armenia
Figure 3.2.5

2009
1994
Others
0.1%
Others
0.0%
Thermal
20.3%
Thermal
37.9%
Nuclear
44.0%
Hydro
62.1%
Hydro
35.6%
5,658 GWh
5,671 GWh
Figure 3.2.6

2009
1994
Others
14.7%
Transport
5.4%
Commercial
29.5%
Residential
29.9%
3,233 GWh
Others
18.7%
Industry
20.5%
Industry
22.5%
Transport
2.6%
Commercial
17.9%
Residential
38.3%
4,488 GWh
91
Figure 3.2.7

2009
1994
Coal
0.0%
Coal
2.4%
Oil
22.5%
Oil
35.6%
Gas
62.0%
Gas
77.5%
725 kt C
1,164 kt C

Figure 3.2.8
19942009
2,500
2,000
1,500
ktoe
1,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
500
1994
92
Armenia
Figure 3.2.9
19942009
93

19942009
3,500
2,500
3,000
2,000
2,500
2,000
ktoe
ktoe
1,500
1,000
1,500
1,000
500
500
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Coal
Oil
Gas

Figure 3.2.11
19942009
Figure 3.2.12
19942009
1,000
Nuclear
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Hydro

2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
500
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Others
7,000
900
6,000
800
5,000
700
4,000
GWh
ktoe
600
500
3,000
400
300
2,000
200
Hydro

Nuclear
Thermal
Biomass
Hydro
Nuclear
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1994
1,000
100

700
1,400
600
1,200
500
1,000

Coal
Oil
Oil
Figure 3.2.16
19942009

700
1,200
TPES
CO2 Emissions
300
400
200
200
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity
t C = ton of carbon equivalent, toe = ton of oil equivalent.

2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
100
1998
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
50
600
1997
100
400
1996
150
500
800
1995
200
600
1,000
1994
250
TFEC
2009
Gas

Gas
300
GDP
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Coal

1999
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
Gas
Oil
2003
2002
2001
2000
200
1999
100
1998
400
1997
200
1996
600
1995
300
1998
800
1997
400
1996
kt C
1,600
1995
800
1994
ktoe
Figure 3.2.13
19942009
1994
94
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
42
131
131
181
354
354
40
394
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
181
181
181
181
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
115
115
115
115
115
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Armenia Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.2.3
16
16
16
16
16
LPG
4.5
4.6
42
42
42
40
82
Other
Petroleum
Products
0
2,010
1,476
301
16
317
317
60
612
989
385
385
1,372
18
1,390
Gas
5.
1,825
157
157
157
157
Hydro
6.
2,640
688
688
688
688
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
79
147
65
212
291
10
89
390
95
511
511
27
57
30
Electricity
13.
16
16
16
19
35
13
48
48
Heat
14.
2,010
5,941
42
211
464
81
545
756
251
720
1,769
108
671
671
2,545
40
75
1,814
846
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Armenia
95
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
55
136
136
178
369
369
58
427
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
178
178
178
178
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
123
123
123
123
123
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.2.4
13
13
13
13
13
LPG
4.5
4.6
55
55
55
58
113
Other
Petroleum
Products
2,470
1,489
431
22
453
453
231
498
1,182
460
460
1,643
21
1,664
Gas
5.
1,853
159
159
159
159
Hydro
6.
2,553
665
665
665
665
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
73
152
71
223
296
11
104
411
95
507
507
28
34
Electricity
13.
20
20
20
23
43
16
59
59
Heat
14.
2,470
5,898
55
210
604
93
697
907
420
625
2,007
111
718
718
2,844
58
49
2,126
825
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
96
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
50
142
142
208
400
400
58
458
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
208
208
208
208
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
131
131
131
131
131
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.2.5
10
10
10
10
10
LPG
4.5
4.6
50
50
50
58
108
Other
Petroleum
Products
0
1,842
1,510
478
29
507
507
279
572
1,358
443
443
1,800
26
1,826
Gas
5.
1,797
155
155
155
155
Hydro
6.
2,461
641
641
641
641
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
79
154
75
229
308
10
101
419
19
94
496
496
31
29
Electricity
13.
16
16
16
19
35
44
44
Heat
14.
1,842
5,772
50
222
648
104
752
974
497
692
2,213
19
103
699
699
2,996
58
57
2,314
797
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Armenia
97
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
48
10
10
313
371
371
30
401
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
193
193
193
193
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
120
120
120
120
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.2.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
48
48
48
30
78
Other
Petroleum
Products
0
963
1,154
448
29
477
477
248
409
1,134
275
275
1,409
25
1,434
Gas
5.
2,019
174
174
174
174
Hydro
6.
2,494
650
650
650
650
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
72
148
69
217
289
10
87
386
97
487
487
29
25
Electricity
13.
10
10
10
12
22
23
23
Heat
14.
963
5,671
48
83
606
98
704
787
571
508
1,914
98
589
589
2,601
30
54
1,860
825
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
98
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1991
1993
1992
1,073
166
97
407
70
333
1,366
302
706
340
16
303
302
1994
Armenia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 3.2.7
1,134
131
89
546
55
313
1,631
79
165
1,143
241
245
79
165
1995
704
78
93
212
36
285
1,768
606
135
891
133
742
606
135
1996
970
108
35
362
35
430
1,850
419
120
1,171
142
540
419
120
1997
965
125
28
307
36
469
1,883
31
414
132
1,219
146
547
414
132
1998
944
132
25
276
35
476
1,821
21
542
103
994
201
646
542
103
1999
1,096
179
27
284
208
398
2,003
40
523
108
1,120
291
632
523
108
2000
1,112
168
27
283
205
429
1,997
32
518
83
1,141
286
602
518
83
2001
1,093
148
32
293
198
422
1,867
31
595
143
875
276
739
595
143
2002
1,270
186
35
335
212
502
1,970
24
521
170
973
317
12
692
521
170
2003
1,442
206
42
414
222
558
2,083
65
574
172
1,080
321
747
574
172
2004
1,705
268
44
460
251
682
2,504
67
708
152
1,338
372
861
708
152
2005
1,769
253
81
464
251
720
2,545
27
688
157
1,372
354
846
688
157
2006
2,007
265
93
604
420
625
2,844
665
159
1,643
369
825
665
159
2007
1,914
131
98
606
571
508
2,601
650
174
1,409
371
825
650
174
2009
2,213
272
104
648
497
692
2,996
641
155
1,800
400
797
641
155
2008
Armenia
99
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
729
452
260
17
234
160
74
2,442
198
2,244
5,658
3,514
2,144
1,073
53
278
461
264
16
1994
918
732
184
476
437
40
2,523
326
2,198
5,561
304
1,919
3,338
1,134
61
262
615
194
1995
674
571
101
588
556
32
2,802
453
2,349
6,214
2,324
1,572
2,318
704
50
293
273
85
1996
860
749
108
683
680
1,698
453
1,244
6,029
1,607
1,390
3,032
970
53
366
409
139
1997
896
782
112
687
687
2,221
453
1,767
6,191
1,589
1,537
3,065
965
46
311
459
146
1998
799
637
161
541
541
1,837
395
1,442
5,717
2,078
1,200
2,439
944
54
313
374
201
1999
934
718
216
597
597
1,907
395
1,512
5,958
2,005
1,261
2,692
1,096
56
309
439
291
2000
943
731
212
595
595
1,895
395
1,500
5,745
1,987
968
2,790
1,112
39
300
486
286
2001
793
561
223
345
345
1,756
337
1,419
5,519
2,282
1,658
1,579
1,093
29
295
484
276
2002
893
623
257
13
332
332
1,558
314
1,244
5,501
1,998
1,982
1,521
1,270
26
315
599
317
12
2003
945
692
253
290
290
1,302
349
953
6,030
2,201
1,998
1,831
1,442
24
341
755
321
2004
1,125
857
268
349
349
1,372
372
1,000
6,317
2,716
1,773
1,828
1,705
41
358
933
372
2005
1,132
880
252
325
325
1,105
326
779
5,941
2,640
1,825
1,476
1,769
35
390
989
354
2006
1,307
1,052
254
386
386
1,105
326
779
5,898
2,553
1,853
1,489
2,007
43
411
1,182
369
2007
1,164
903
262
246
246
1,437
1,153
283
388
388
1,128
291
198
1,093
837
5,671
2,494
2,019
1,154
1,914
22
386
1,134
371
2009
895
5,772
2,461
1,797
1,510
2,213
35
419
1,358
400
2008
100
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
23 .3
16 .1
369
420
5,352
1,273
1,449
67.0
3,450
1992
19 .3
356
392
4,881
1,201
1,321
66.8
3,370
1993
0.53
0.22
524
983
100.0
77.8
770
981
0.33
0.42
20 .0
400
423
5,144
1,315
1,393
66.5
3,291
1994
0.56
0.28
616
945
100.0
85.0
762
1,095
0.35
0.51
19.2
456
462
5,499
1,468
1,489
66.3
3,223
1995
0.38
0.21
427
1,074
100.0
58.0
447
1,122
0.22
0.56
18 .3
503
497
5,822
1,597
1,576
66.1
3,172
1996
0.46
0.27
528
1,358
100.0
70.8
596
1,136
0.31
0.59
18 .0
523
519
6,015
1,639
1,629
65.8
3,135
1997
0.48
0.29
513
1,163
100.0
71.0
552
1,078
0.31
0.61
16 .4
609
562
6,454
1,894
1,747
65.6
3,109
1998
0.44
0.26
443
1,178
100.0
64.5
523
1,009
0.31
0.59
16.7
597
584
6,667
1,845
1,805
65.3
3,091
1999
0.47
0.30
489
1,168
100.0
68.4
573
1,048
0.36
0.65
16.8
621
621
7,061
1,912
1,912
65.1
3,076
2000
0.47
0.31
450
1,138
100.0
69.9
531
954
0.36
0.65
82
17.0
691
683
7,736
2,118
2,094
64.9
3,066
2001
0.42
0.26
334
1,121
100.0
60.4
461
788
0.36
0.61
121
17 .0
776
774
8,756
2,376
2,370
64.7
3,061
2002
0.45
0.29
330
1,197
100.0
64.9
470
729
0.41
0.64
121
16.6
917
883
9,985
2,807
2,703
64.5
3,061
2003
0.45
0.31
317
1,295
100.0
64.1
483
698
0.47
0.68
121
15 .2
1,168
975
11,030
3,577
2,986
64.3
3,063
2004
0.45
0.37
331
1,358
100.0
65.6
501
736
0.56
0.82
121
15.5
1,598
1,109
12,559
4,900
3,400
64.1
3,066
2005
0.44
0.37
294
1,478
100.0
66.8
460
661
0.58
0.83
121
14.7
2,080
1,254
14,217
6,384
3,849
64.0
3,070
2006
0.46
0.43
299
1,555
100.0
71.0
458
650
0.65
0.93
121
12.5
2,995
1,424
16,172
9,206
4,378
63.9
3,074
2007
0.48
0.47
307
1,583
100.0
73.4
473
640
0.72
0.97
121
11.9
3,787
1,520
17,288
11,662
4,680
63.9
3,079
2008
0.45
0.38
290
1,455
100.0
68.3
476
647
0.62
0.84
121
13.6
2,803
1,302
14,841
8,648
4,018
63.8
3,085
2009
oil equivalent, TPES = total primary energy supply.
Sources: APERC estimates, IEA (2011b), JAMA (2012), and World Bank.
637
21.4

persons)
709
795
2000 $)
589
9,196
2,069
2,257
10,414
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
2,490
67.3
3,512
1991
2,819
67.5

million)
3,545
Urban Population, %
1990
Armenia
101
3.3 Azerbaijan
86,600
8,947
48.0
20.2
7,000.0
100.0

Sources ADB (2012), ADB estimates, World Bank, and WEC (2010).
Gas: 13,660
Oil: 50,659
Hydro: 199
Others: 40
Oil: 128
Stock Changes: 128


Stock Changes: 526
Transformation
Losses: 2,720
(Discrepancy: 129)
Electricity: 9
Oil: 37
Exports: 49,462

Imports: 46
7,876
SECONDARY COMMODITIES; 7,922
Stock Change: 19
3,897
2,678

(Discrepancy: 74)
Oil: 2,540
Gas: 2,678
Electricity: 1,067
Exports: 2,448
Heat: 290
102
Transport: 1,573
Industry: 775
Residential: 2,961
Commercial: 363
Others: 903
Azerbaijan
Table 3.3.1
103

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
7,159
7,685
8,049
8,392
8,947
9.0
3.7
5.3
9.9
20.2
Socioeconomic Data
34.0
14.2
20.0
37.7
76.9
1,251
488
655
1,183
2,260
4,754
1,854
2,490
4,496
8,590
1995
2000
2005
2009

Source: World Bank.
Table 3.3.2

1990

14,726
18,962
27,229
64,558
Net Imports
1,960
7,526
13,357
52,591
Total PES
12,766
11,436
13,872
11,967
Coal
Oil
6,777
6,256
5,410
3,527
Gas
5,813
5,001
8,095
8,225
Biomass
Others
168
174
362
215
TPES/capita (toe)
1.66
1.42
1.65
1.34
896
571
368
156
Industry
3,275
1,989
1,745
775
Transportation
1,116
743
1,798
1,573
Other Sectors
4,437
3,970
4,622
4,227
Total FEC
8,828
6,702
8,165
6,575
Coal
Oil
2,292
1,776
2,861
2,540
Gas
4,387
3,239
3,214
2,678
Electricity
1,167
1,282
1,565
1,067
Biomass
Others
975
401
521
290
104
Figure 3.3.1

1994
2009
Industry
11.8%
Others
23.5%
Others
13.7%
Commercial
5.5%
Industry
36.3%
Commercial
1.1%
Transport
23.9%
Residential
45.0%
Residential
25.5%
Transport
13.6%
10,741 ktoe
6,575 ktoe

Figure 3.3.2

1994
Biomass
0.0%
2009
Coal
0.0%
Heat
11.2%
Oil
27.7%
Electricity
11.5%
Gas
49.6%
10,741 ktoe
Biomass
0.0%
Heat
4.4%
Electricity
16.2%
Coal
0.0%
Oil
38.6%
Gas
40.7%
6,575 ktoe
Azerbaijan

18,000
Others 22
16,000
Hydro 157
Biomass 5
14,000
Others 16
Gas 7,283
12,000
Hydro 199
Biomass 0
ktoe
10,000
8,000
Gas 8,225
6,000
Oil 8,451
4,000
2,000
Oil 3,527
Coal 3
Coal 0
1994
2009

Figure 3.3.4

1994
2009
Biomass
0.0%
Hydro
1.1%
Biomass
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Hydro
0.3%
Others
0.1%
Gas
21.2%
Gas
34.6%
Oil
64.3%
Oil
78.5%
14,936 ktoe
64,558 ktoe
105
106
Figure 3.3.5

1994
2009
Others
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Hydro
10.4%
Hydro
12.2%
Thermal
89.6%
Thermal
87.8%
17,571 GWh
18,869 GWh
Figure 3.3.6

1994
2009
Others
5.2%
Industry
14.0%
Transport
3.8%
Residential
0.0%
Commercial
8.1%
Others
74.0%
14,337 GWh
Industry
16.7%
Commercial
27.5%
Residential
47.1%
12,407 GWh
Transport
3.6%
Azerbaijan
Figure 3.3.7

1994
2009
Coal
0.0%
Coal
0.0%
Oil
30.1%
Gas
44.9%
Oil
55.1%
Gas
69.9%
10,397 kt C
7,462 kt C

Figure 3.3.8
19942009
12,000
10,000
ktoe
8,000
6,000
4,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2,000
Others
107
108
Figure 3.3.9
19942009

19942008
18,000
12,000
16,000
10,000
14,000
12,000
8,000
ktoe
ktoe
10,000
6,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Coal
Oil
Gas


Figure 3.3.11
19942009
Figure 3.3.12
19942009
70,000
Biomass
Hydro
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2,000
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Others
25,000
60,000
20,000
50,000
15,000
ktoe
GWh
40,000
30,000
10,000
20,000
5,000
Oil
Gas

Hydro
Biomass
Thermal
Others
Hydro
Other
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
10,000
Azerbaijan
Figure 3.3.13
19942009

12,000
6,000
10,000
5,000
8,000
Oil
Coal
Gas


Figure 3.3.16
19942009
2009
2008
Gas

3,000
4,000
400
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Oil

450
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
2,000
1997
1,000
1996
4,000
1995
2,000
1995
6,000
1994
kt C
3,000
1994
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
1,000
500
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
500
0
1,000
2001
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
50
1,500
2000
100
1,500
1999
150
2,000
1998
200
2,000
2,500
1997
250
3,000
1996
300
2,500
1995
350
1994
3,500
2002
ktoe
4,000
109
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
162
8,159
8,159
637
7,684
201
24,944
32,427
3,140
6,110
171
23
67
29
96
119
1,520
480
2,290
579
174
7,903
2,040
5,863
568
3,410
92
500
3,148
146
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
757
758
1,096
1,096
337
16
354
29
29
30
15
45
45
45
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
27
22
22
677
45
744
2,133
2,133
1,389
24
1,440
575
2,770
2,040
730
568
737
48
884
99
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Azerbaijan Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.3.3
67
67
67
86
10
163
214
214
52
51
LPG
4.5
4.6
171
409
580
174
1,645
1,645
895
500
419
19
Other
Petroleum
Products
20,306
14,983
36
2,338
25
2,363
2,399
11
705
3,115
1,448
4,379
4,379
8,943
201
54
3,716
5,482
Gas
5.
2,518
217
217
217
217
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
45
1,186
95
1,281
1,326
56
334
1,716
391
2,031
2,031
76
76
152
Electricity
13.
20
27
11
38
58
377
435
126
560
560
Heat
14.
23,446
23,611
171
128
3,618
160
3,778
3,906
1,587
1,896
7,560
416
2,139
256
4,045
4,301
69
13,515
92
500
28,222
4,017
38,128
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
110
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
248
8,631
8,631
1,039
7,840
10
34,954
42,804
795
3,884
420
201
113
118
319
1,350
250
2,339
97
363
8,385
1,022
7,363
962
3,602
134
391
3,151
74
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
816
826
1,188
1,188
353
350
12
27
39
38
38
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
42
14
180
17
17
197
407
34
638
10
26
2,146
2,141
1,467
46
1,432
11
754
3,870
181
193
130
2,817
1,017
1,800
582
888
89
837
38
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.3.4
88
92
97
54
154
205
205
49
51
LPG
4.5
4.6
419
70
489
68
207
1,991
1,991
380
847
391
481
24
Other
Petroleum
Products
18,254
15,599
46
15
2,077
25
2,102
2,117
307
2,470
16
813
25
4,369
4,394
7,693
155
1,526
9,064
Gas
5.
2,362
203
203
203
203
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
52
717
306
1,023
1,075
42
255
1,372
10
475
1,878
1,878
21
68
47
Electricity
13.
1,884
29
19
48
48
325
373
127
455
455
45
45
Heat
14.
20,934
21,845
466
272
2,936
355
3,291
3,563
1,392
1,137
6,558
372
1,778
246
25
3,261
3,532
77
12,163
11
391
39,699
124
52,118
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Azerbaijan
111
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
148
8,149
8,149
699
7,598
87
37,042
44,727
628
1,689
598
241
117
120
361
1,683
181
2,823
54
473
7,972
444
7,528
653
3,525
41
441
3,116
73
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
988
992
1,387
1,387
387
391
10
28
46
49
49
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
40
42
229
16
17
246
618
23
887
28
24
2,569
2,563
1,624
24
1,640
586
1,681
128
141
10
108
1,552
438
1,114
332
523
30
557
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.3.5
92
93
94
12
107
223
223
119
10
109
LPG
4.5
4.6
590
60
650
10
341
2,192
2,192
321
870
39
441
419
29
Other
Petroleum
Products
21,981
17,722
51
14
2,580
38
2,618
2,632
411
3,094
25
984
53
4,922
4,975
9,078
190
4,402
13,670
Gas
5.
2,232
192
192
192
192
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
55
640
336
976
1,031
42
273
1,346
11
454
1,862
1,862
51
70
19
Electricity
13.
1,800
33
33
66
66
403
469
112
540
540
43
43
Heat
14.
24,409
21,643
649
314
3,370
410
3,780
4,094
1,725
1,268
7,736
241
2,023
177
53
3,156
3,386
46
13,340
318
441
44,630
95
58,634
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
112
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
108
6,126
6,126
6,234
128
44,553
50,659
209
497
506
309
79
84
393
1,535
106
2,540
68
601
6,047
131
5,916
2,707
19
310
2,415
37
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
1,029
1,031
16
1,298
1,298
251
12
239
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
302
12
16
318
409
26
753
36
10
2,408
2,405
1,606
1,605
209
489
75
81
29
266
128
138
20
12
32
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.3.6
63
63
63
32
101
212
212
117
122
LPG
4.5
4.6
501
64
565
14
562
1,856
1,856
715
17
310
417
29
Other
Petroleum
Products
13,900
16,061
27
2,342
30
2,372
2,378
273
2,678
21
1,255
38
4,233
4,271
8,225
526
4,909
13,660
Gas
5.
2,309
199
199
199
199
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
55
503
293
796
851
38
178
1,067
526
1,623
1,623
24
33
Electricity
13.
1,675
37
35
72
72
218
290
87
337
337
40
40
Heat
14.
15,784
18,869
533
370
2,961
363
3,324
3,694
1,573
775
6,575
203
2,469
79
38
2,603
2,720
11,967
417
310
51,910
46
64,558
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Azerbaijan
113
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1991
1993
1992
10,741
2,529
123
2,736
1,459
3,894
15,921
22
157
7,283
8,451
14,936
157
5,168
9,609
1994
Azerbaijan Summary Table, 19902009
Table 3.3.7
8,828
2,078
109
2,250
1,116
3,275
12,766
34
134
5,813
6,777
14,726
134
5,383
9,207
1995
7,691
1,791
91
2,170
887
2,752
11,785
38
132
5,127
6,480
14,386
132
5,108
9,144
1996
6,967
1,716
66
2,125
682
2,378
11,267
37
147
4,832
6,243
14,096
147
4,832
9,115
1997
6,737
1,133
43
2,944
635
1,982
11,911
21
168
4,630
7,087
16,335
168
4,685
11,480
1998
6,244
760
150
2,838
529
1,967
11,066
65
130
5,106
5,760
19,036
130
5,029
13,875
1999
6,702
1,132
459
2,379
743
1,989
11,436
42
132
5,001
6,256
18,962
132
4,742
14,086
2000
6,401
907
388
2,546
810
1,750
11,396
58
112
7,241
3,980
19,581
112
4,484
14,983
2001
6,630
617
389
2,817
963
1,844
11,461
124
174
7,261
3,897
19,753
174
4,168
15,409
2002
6,869
433
398
3,183
1,034
1,821
11,990
134
212
7,450
4,189
19,826
212
4,155
15,457
2003
7,288
910
198
3,357
1,252
1,571
12,646
117
237
8,136
4,151
20,054
237
4,189
15,626
2004
8,165
1,022
239
3,361
1,798
1,745
13,872
103
259
8,095
5,410
27,229
259
4,644
22,324
2005
7,560
299
160
3,618
1,587
1,896
13,515
76
217
8,943
4,274
38,128
217
5,482
32,427
2006
6,558
738
355
2,936
1,392
1,137
12,163
24
203
7,693
4,238
52,118
45
203
9,064
42,804
2007
6,575
903
363
2,961
1,573
775
11,967
16
199
8,225
3,527
64,558
40
199
13,660
50,659
2009
7,736
963
410
3,370
1,725
1,268
13,340
-8
192
9,078
4,073
58,634
43
192
13,670
44,727
2008
114
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
10,397
4,665
5,728
3,650
736
2,914
3,477
1,174
2,302
17,571
1,829
15,742
10,741
1,198
1,233
5,325
2,977
1994
8,929
3,724
5,202
3,525
616
2,909
3,884
1,105
2,779
17,044
1,556
15,488
8,828
975
1,167
4,387
2,292
1995
8,082
3,285
4,794
3,482
573
2,908
3,767
1,047
2,721
17,088
1,538
15,550
7,691
741
1,183
3,916
1,844
1996
7,673
3,095
4,575
3,482
579
2,903
4,116
1,012
3,105
16,836
1,712
15,124
6,967
642
970
3,546
1,802
1997
7,808
2,966
4,842
3,794
566
3,229
3,128
977
2,151
17,998
1,951
16,047
6,737
676
1,159
3,079
1,819
1998
7,781
3,271
4,510
4,231
841
3,390
3,814
1,023
2,791
18,177
1,506
16,671
6,244
472
1,223
3,325
1,220
1999
8,243
3,203
5,040
4,548
1,071
3,477
3,884
1,116
2,767
18,699
1,534
17,165
6,702
401
1,282
3,239
1,776
2000
7,646
4,638
3,008
4,595
2,939
1,656
3,698
1,140
2,558
18,969
1,301
17,668
6,401
458
1,287
3,100
1,552
2001
7,449
4,652
2,797
4,096
2,599
1,497
4,767
953
3,814
19,543
2,020
17,523
6,630
511
1,319
3,222
1,574
2002
8,133
4,772
3,360
4,710
2,746
1,963
4,442
988
3,453
21,285
2,469
18,816
6,869
542
1,525
3,081
1,717
2003
8,374
4,964
3,410
5,113
3,209
1,904
3,756
988
2,767
21,643
2,755
18,888
7,288
543
1,577
3,121
2,043
2004
9,010
4,930
4,080
4,833
3,105
1,728
3,384
1,163
2,221
21,218
3,009
18,209
8,165
521
1,565
3,214
2,861
2005
9,390
5,728
3,662
5,719
3,773
1,946
3,721
547
3,174
23,611
2,518
21,093
7,560
435
1,716
3,115
2,290
2006
7,633
4,872
2,761
4,822
3,824
998
4,500
1,070
3,430
21,845
2,362
19,483
6,558
373
1,372
2,470
2,339
2007
7,462
5,214
2,249
3,943
3,818
125
8,323
5,733
2,591
4,691
4,266
425
4,930
826
1,047
4,209
4,105
18,869
2,309
16,558
6,575
290
1,067
2,678
2,540
2009
3,163
21,643
2,232
19,411
7,736
469
1,346
3,094
2,823
2008
Azerbaijan
115
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
21.0
21 .1
676
932
26,157
4,991
6,882
53.1
7,382
1992
22.1
530
706
20,115
3,973
5,292
52.8
7,495
1993
0.65
1.37
2,447
1,888
13.7
6.2
2,528
3,746
1.41
2.10
19.6
436
559
16,152
3,314
4,250
52.5
7,597
1994
0.70
1.16
2,382
1,766
35.9
15.4
2,355
3,406
1.15
1.66
17.8
397
488
14,246
3,052
3,748
52.2
7,685
1995
0.69
1.04
2,129
1,772
41.1
22.1
2,026
3,104
0.99
1.52
15.7
409
489
14,432
3,177
3,797
52.0
7,763
1996
0.68
0.98
1,910
1,439
46.0
25.1
1,734
2,805
0.89
1.44
15.0
506
513
15,269
3,963
4,017
51.8
7,838
1997
0.66
0.99
1,767
1,703
62.0
37.1
1,525
2,696
0.85
1.51
12.0
562
558
16,796
4,446
4,419
51.6
7,913
1998
0.70
0.97
1,640
1,782
140.9
72.0
1,316
2,332
0.78
1.39
10.2
574
594
18,038
4,581
4,746
51.4
7,983
1999
0.72
1.02
1,563
1,852
125.2
65.8
1,271
2,169
0.83
1.42
5.3
655
655
20,041
5,273
5,273
51.2
8,049
2000
0.67
0.94
1,320
1,845
276.5
71.8
1,105
1,967
0.79
1.40
38
5.0
704
714
22,025
5,708
5,795
51.3
8,111
2001
0.65
0.91
1,162
1,877
295.4
72.3
1,035
1,788
0.81
1.40
56
4.9
763
784
24,359
6,236
6,409
51.3
8,172
2002
0.68
0.99
1,141
2,154
269.0
65.4
964
1,682
0.83
1.46
60
5.0
884
866
27,088
7,276
7,127
51.4
8,234
2003
0.66
1.01
1,066
2,208
276.4
58.6
928
1,610
0.88
1.52
68
5.0
1,045
945
29,850
8,681
7,854
51.4
8,306
2004
0.65
1.07
908
2,169
312.6
96.3
823
1,397
0.97
1.65
73
4.6
1,578
1,183
37,731
13,245
9,927
51.5
8,392
2005
0.69
1.11
703
2,352
658.7
182.1
566
1,012
0.89
1.59
74
3.8
2,473
1,574
50,748
20,982
13,352
51.6
8,485
2006
0.63
0.89
457
1,859
910.0
328.5
393
728
0.76
1.42
77
3.3
3,851
1,946
63,460
33,049
16,696
51.8
8,581
2007
0.62
0.95
450
1,786
998.1
339.5
418
721
0.88
1.52
79
3.2
5,575
2,111
70,314
48,852
18,499
51.9
8,763
2008
0.62
0.83
369
1,387
1,336.3
439.5
325
592
0.73
1.34
81
2.6
4,950
2,260
76,853
44,291
20,220
52.1
8,947
2009
21.2
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
1,237
1,209
1,223
1,251
2000 $)
8,792
33,795
8,858
34,033
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
8,891
53.4
7,271
1991
8,954
53.7

million)
7,159
Urban Population, %
1990
116
3.4 Georgia
69,700
201.0
4,411
0.3
5.3
35.0

Sources ADB (2012), ADB estimates, World Bank, and WEC (2010).

Gas: 6
Gas: 1,080
Coal: 83
Biomass: 382
Coal: 138
Oil: 51
Hydro: 637
Geothermal: 44
Oil: 5
Imports: 1,168
Transformation
Losses: 338
(Discrepancy: 1)
Oil: 904
Exports: 57
Imports: 926
Electricity: 22
(Discrepancy: 7)
724
SECONDARY COMMODITIES: 1,650

1,347
1,173
Others: 44
Biomass: 382
Electricity: 505
Gas: 542
Oil: 802
Others: 219
Commercial: 184
Residential: 937
Industry: 389
Transport: 791
Coal: 205
Exports: 64
Heat: 40
117
118
Table 3.4.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
4,802
4,734
4,418
4,361
4,411
8.2
2.3
3.1
4.4
5.3
29.5
8.3
11.1
15.7
19.1
1,698
487
692
999
1,194
6,138
1,759
2,502
3,611
4,319


Source: World Bank.
Table 3.4.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

1,200
1,326
980
1,258
Net Imports
2,531
1,545
1,862
1,932
Total PES
3,731
2,871
2,842
3,190
Coal
27
15
11
205
Oil
1,558
727
759
878
Gas
965
953
1,061
1,086
Biomass
674
645
349
382
Others
507
531
662
639
TPES/capita (toe)
0.79
0.65
0.65
0.72
448
260
180
167
Industry
444
374
205
389
Transportation
373
359
547
791
Other Sectors
1,430
1,567
1,467
1,340
Total FEC
2,247
2,300
2,219
2,520
Coal
21
11
10
205
Oil
657
635
700
802
Gas
306
463
569
542
Electricity
568
541
531
505
Biomass
674
645
349
382
Others
21
60
84
Georgia
Figure 3.4.1

1994
2009
Others
8.7%
Others
10.9%
Commercial
7.3%
Industry
15.4%
Industry
31.1%
Commercial
16.5%
Transport
31.4%
Residential
37.2%
Residential
26.2%
Transport
15.4%
3,594 ktoe
2,520 ktoe

Figure 3.4.2

1994
Biomass
8.1%
Others
0.0%
2009
Coal
5.5%
Others
1.7%
Heat
7.7%
Heat
1.6%
Oil
30.9%
Electricity
22.4%
Gas
25.4%
3,594 ktoe
Coal
8.1%
Biomass
15.2%
Oil
31.8%
Electricity
20.0%
Gas
21.5%
2,520 ktoe
119

5,000
Others 43
Biomass 290
4,000
Hydro 582
3,000
Gas 1,622
Geothermal 0
Biomass 382
Geothermal 44
Hydro 637
ktoe
120
2,000
Gas 1,086
Oil 1,951
1,000
Oil 878
0
1,000
Coal 229
Coal 205
Others 42
1994
2009

Figure 3.4.4

1994
Coal
10.7%
Biomass
28.2%
2009
Oil
4.5%
Gas
0.2%
Hydro
56.5%
Geothermal
0.0%
Geothermal
3.5%
1,030 ktoe

Coal
11.0%
Biomass
30.4%
Hydro
50.6%
1,258 ktoe
Oil
4.1%
Gas
0.5%
Georgia
Figure 3.4.5

1994
2009
Thermal
13.4%
Thermal
38.6%
Hydro
86.6%
Hydro
61.4%
11,024 GWh
8,558 GWh
Figure 3.4.6

1994
2009
Others
8.6%
Others
3.6%
Commercial
13.1%
Industry
22.4%
Industry
25.0%
Commercial
27.9%
Transport
7.5%
Residential
31.1%
9,349 GWh
Transport
11.3%
Residential
49.7%
5,872 GWh
121
Figure 3.4.7

1994
2009
Coal
7.4%
Coal
14.0%
Gas
35.6%
Gas
41.3%
Oil
44.7%
Oil
57.0%
2,918 kt C
1,572 kt C

Figure 3.4.8
19942009
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
ktoe
2,000
1,500
1,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
500
1994
122
Georgia
Figure 3.4.9
19942009
123

19902009
5,000
4,000
3,500
4,000
3,000
3,000
ktoe
ktoe
2,500
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,000
1,000
0
Coal
Gas
Oil
Heat
Electricity
Biomass
Coal
Others


Figure 3.4.11
19942009
Figure 3.4.12
19942009
1,800
Geothermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
Hydro
Gas
Oil
1998
1997
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1,000
1994
1994
500
Others
12,000
1,600
10,000
1,400
1,200
8,000
GWh
ktoe
1,000
800
600
6,000
4,000
400
Coal
Oil
Gas

Hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Thermal
Hydro
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1994
2,000
200
124
Figure 3.4.13
19942009

3,000
1,800
1,600
2,500
1,400
2,000
1,000
kt C
ktoe
1,200
800
600
1,500
1,000
400
500
200
Coal
Oil
Coal
Oil
Figure 3.4.16
19942009
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
800
600
1,000
400
500
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
200
1997
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
50
1,500
1996
100
1,000
1995
150
1,200
2,000
1994
200
1,400
2,500
250
1994
2009
Gas


GDP
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
Gas

1994
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
10
3.
4.
13
13
19
53
64
24
77
56
60
62
118
513
18
726
12
11
27
16
730
38
15
783
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
345
345
345
345
27
27
27
27
27
27
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
12
56
60
168
230
20
20
250
250
15
15
11
11
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Georgia Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.4.3
31
31
31
31
31
15
46
LPG
4.5
4.6
12
77
78
12
66
38
104
Other
Petroleum
Products
1,382
1,948
174
57
181
25
206
263
22
150
609
312
457
457
1,377
1,365
15
Gas
5.
5,315
457
457
457
457
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
14
14
14
14
14
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
20
329
24
353
373
373
373
373
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
234
167
401
401
28
58
487
186
627
627
53
12
65
Electricity
13.
15
19
11
30
33
33
Heat
14.
1,382
7,287
251
137
826
230
1,056
1,193
563
242
2,249
10
510
281
283
3,032
38
80
2,225
928
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Georgia
125
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
28
3.
4.
42
42
42
31
14
57
24
110
71
73
76
147
645
30
932
15
36
27
908
48
15
971
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
430
430
430
430
27
27
27
27
27
27
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
12
71
77
215
294
20
20
312
312
27
27
12
12
14
14
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
16
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
11
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
28
20
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.4.4
43
43
43
43
43
15
58
LPG
4.5
4.6
12
110
111
12
24
17
82
48
130
Other
Petroleum
Products
1,591
1,490
69
55
188
28
216
271
25
164
529
274
582
582
1,385
1,379
13
Gas
5.
6,818
586
586
586
586
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
16
16
16
16
16
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
349
40
389
394
394
394
394
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
240
172
412
412
29
60
501
10
188
716
716
17
54
37
Electricity
13.
10
16
21
13
34
38
38
Heat
14.
1,591
8,332
179
144
872
261
1,133
1,277
710
268
2,434
469
441
447
3,342
48
100
2,421
1,074
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
126
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
11
11
19
30
15
27
72
58
58
58
35
43
53
12
107
65
82
85
150
546
32
835
47
20
27
799
41
840
Petroleum
Products
4.
4.2
369
369
369
369
27
27
27
27
27
27
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
12
65
71
177
250
20
20
268
268
29
29
16
16
12
12
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
71
64
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Crude Oil
and NGLs
Coal
Products
Coal
3.
2.
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.4.5
52
52
52
52
52
52
LPG
4.5
4.6
107
108
31
31
71
41
112
Other
Petroleum
Products
2,052
1,279
73
82
193
54
247
329
28
179
609
162
311
311
1,081
1,063
11
Gas
5.
7,162
616
616
616
616
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
12
14
14
14
14
14
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
331
42
373
378
378
378
378
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
246
176
422
422
30
61
513
10
194
727
727
10
58
48
Electricity
13.
10
17
25
19
44
49
49
Heat
14.
2,052
8,453
180
171
882
295
1,177
1,348
619
318
2,465
364
11
171
182
3,007
41
93
2,058
1,079
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Georgia
127
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
50
18
56
74
45
205
3.
4.
15
15
15
41
51
39
89
89
89
677
29
802
12
67
55
863
41
904
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
368
368
368
368
27
27
27
27
27
27
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
39
10
10
10
309
319
67
67
387
387
29
29
29
29
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
124
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
36
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
205
16
83
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
138
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.4.6
52
52
52
52
52
52
LPG
4.5
4.6
41
41
Other
Petroleum
Products
6
1,800
1,107
73
50
201
16
217
267
21
181
542
135
410
410
1,086
1,080
Gas
5.
7,412
637
637
637
637
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
38
44
44
44
44
44
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
14
330
38
368
382
382
382
382
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
18
251
66
317
335
57
113
505
185
736
736
42
64
22
Electricity
13.
10
12
19
21
40
43
43
Heat
14.
1,800
8,558
80
139
937
184
1,121
1,260
791
389
2,520
326
335
338
3,190
41
121
2,094
1,258
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
128
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1991
1993
1992
Georgia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 3.4.7
3,594
393
592
941
552
1,116
4,717
43
290
582
1,622
1,951
229
1,030
290
582
46
110
1994
2,247
130
109
1,191
373
444
3,731
60
674
447
965
1,558
27
1,200
674
447
50
20
1995
3,107
313
84
1,260
881
569
3,749
956
516
871
1,387
13
1,614
956
516
129
10
1996
2,716
222
159
1,146
697
492
3,288
16
784
520
748
1,210
10
1,442
784
520
135
1997
2,446
291
115
1,201
448
391
3,042
702
548
762
1,016
22
1,379
702
548
120
1998
2,298
112
274
1,134
415
363
2,787
674
554
690
847
17
1,329
674
554
91
10
1999
2,300
91
264
1,212
359
374
2,871
21
645
504
953
727
15
1,326
645
504
56
111
2000
2,021
143
191
1,059
422
206
2,573
23
645
10
477
812
591
15
1,265
645
10
477
33
99
2001
2,013
131
200
1,016
442
224
2,545
45
645
10
582
679
570
14
1,329
645
10
582
14
74
2002
2,104
144
211
1,042
453
254
2,708
78
645
10
561
771
613
30
1,377
645
10
561
15
141
2003
2,149
181
218
1,070
440
240
2,783
110
645
10
520
903
586
1,288
645
10
520
10
98
2004
2,219
385
263
819
547
205
2,842
116
349
10
536
1,061
759
11
980
349
10
536
15
67
2005
2,249
388
230
826
563
242
3,032
53
373
14
457
1,377
749
928
373
14
457
15
64
2006
2,434
323
261
872
710
268
3,342
17
394
16
586
1,385
950
28
1,074
394
16
586
13
57
2007
2,520
219
184
937
791
389
3,190
42
382
44
637
1,086
878
205
1,258
382
44
637
51
138
2009
2,465
351
295
882
619
318
3,007
10
378
14
616
1,081
857
71
1,079
378
14
616
11
53
2008
Georgia
129
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
2,918
1,039
1,664
215
1,176
410
767
2,174
267
1,907
11,024
6,772
4,252
3,594
290
276
804
914
1,111
199
1994
2,248
617
1,602
29
1,763
582
1,177
2,244
337
1,907
8,154
5,203
2,951
2,247
674
21
568
306
657
21
1995
1,787
558
1,215
14
582
309
273
2,198
105
2,093
7,187
6,000
1,187
3,107
956
435
465
1,238
13
1996
1,552
479
1,059
14
532
290
242
1,651
93
1,558
7,163
6,047
1,116
2,716
783
490
352
1,078
13
1997
1,397
488
884
25
585
386
199
1,267
140
1,128
7,671
6,372
1,299
2,446
702
542
275
904
23
1998
1,197
442
736
18
550
384
166
1,384
140
1,244
7,683
6,442
1,241
2,298
673
548
306
754
17
1999
1,265
610
643
12
657
489
168
1,372
128
1,244
7,424
5,860
1,564
2,300
645
541
463
635
11
2000
951
468
461
22
394
362
32
1,023
174
849
6,937
5,542
1,395
2,021
10
645
453
334
560
19
2001
850
391
442
17
161
127
34
1,395
186
1,209
7,257
6,767
490
2,013
10
645
63
465
279
537
14
2002
925
444
445
36
163
129
34
1,186
23
1,163
7,160
6,526
634
2,104
10
645
71
490
317
541
30
2003
978
520
449
231
183
48
1,174
93
1,081
6,924
6,049
875
2,149
10
645
70
506
371
539
2004
1,150
568
572
11
277
202
75
1,221
81
1,140
7,267
6,236
1,031
2,219
10
349
50
531
569
700
10
2005
1,337
772
554
11
443
416
27
1,151
116
1,035
7,287
5,315
1,972
2,249
14
373
30
487
609
726
10
2006
1,564
843
689
31
562
535
27
1,151
81
1,070
8,332
6,818
1,514
2,434
16
394
34
501
529
932
28
2007
1,572
649
703
220
423
356
67
1,330
646
606
78
270
250
20
1,442
360
105
1,198
1,081
8,558
7,412
1,146
2,520
44
382
40
505
542
802
205
2009
1,093
8,453
7,162
1,291
2,465
14
378
44
513
609
835
72
2008
130
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
17.3
8 .4
757
727
12,814
3,691
3,544
54.6
4,874
1992
5.2
550
510
9,060
2,701
2,505
54.4
4,911
1993
0.62
0.60
1,300
1,923
97.6
78.2
1,601
2,101
0.74
0.97
5.3
517
462
8,117
2,514
2,245
54.1
4,862
1994
0.60
0.47
976
1,395
96.8
67.8
976
1,620
0.47
0.79
6.2
569
487
8,328
2,694
2,303
53.9
4,734
1995
0.48
0.39
698
1,096
90.7
56.9
1,213
1,464
0.67
0.81
10.8
670
555
9,261
3,095
2,561
53.7
4,616
1996
0.47
0.34
548
1,258
88.8
56.1
960
1,162
0.60
0.73
10.2
775
625
10,235
3,511
2,831
53.4
4,532
1997
0.46
0.31
479
1,405
88.2
54.7
838
1,042
0.55
0.68
9.0
805
650
10,553
3,614
2,919
53.2
4,487
1998
0.43
0.27
399
1,431
89.3
52.3
765
928
0.52
0.63
8.4
629
674
10,856
2,800
3,002
52.9
4,453
1999
0.44
0.29
414
1,424
84.7
53.8
752
939
0.52
0.65
8.5
692
692
11,056
3,057
3,057
52.7
4,418
2000
0.37
0.22
297
1,201
83.2
50.8
631
803
0.46
0.59
57
7.9
734
731
11,587
3,219
3,204
52.7
4,386
2001
0.33
0.20
251
1,241
87.0
47.8
596
753
0.46
0.58
69
9.0
779
776
12,221
3,396
3,380
52.6
4,357
2002
0.34
0.21
246
1,316
77.0
49.2
561
721
0.49
0.63
75
8.9
922
867
13,573
3,991
3,754
52.6
4,329
2003
0.35
0.23
246
1,363
83.3
53.7
541
700
0.50
0.64
77
9.4
1,187
920
14,368
5,126
3,973
52.5
4,318
2004
0.40
0.26
264
1,416
91.2
65.5
510
653
0.51
0.65
77
9.8
1,470
999
15,747
6,411
4,355
52.5
4,361
2005
0.44
0.30
281
1,288
91.5
69.4
472
637
0.51
0.69
77
10.9
1,761
1,083
17,224
7,745
4,763
52.6
4,398
2006
0.47
0.36
292
1,328
94.0
67.9
455
625
0.55
0.76
80
11 .1
2,318
1,219
19,350
10,173
5,351
52.7
4,388
2007
0.44
0.30
243
1,361
93.8
64.1
450
549
0.56
0.69
81
10.5
2,919
1,249
19,798
12,795
5,475
52.7
4,384
2008
0.49
0.36
298
1,332
94.2
60.6
478
605
0.57
0.72
81
10.2
2,441
1,194
19,051
10,767
5,269
52.8
4,411
2009
14.9
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
1,611
1,310
1,330
1,698
2000 $)
6,337
23,256
7,738
29,475
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
6,432
54.9
4,836
1991
8,152
55.1

million)
4,802
Urban Population, %
1990
Georgia
131
3.5 Kazakhstan
2,724,900
33,600.0
15,925
105.9
37.8
95.0
22,762.0
GDP = gross domestic product.

Sources: ADB (2012), ADB estimates, World Bank, and WEC (2010).

Biomass: 157
Hydro: 592
Coal: 78
Oil: 6,059
Imports:
7,944
Gas: 22,811
Oil: 77,972
Coal: 44,281
Gas: 1,807
Oil: 45
Gas: 123
Stock Changes: 168

Stock Changes: 25
Transformation
Losses: 10,549
Electricity: 147
Oil: 1,702
Coal: 40
Oil: 1,393
Exports: 84,170
Coal: 401
Others: 1,393
Imports: 2,250
29,163
SECONDARY
COMMODITIES: 32,806
(Discrepancy: 59)
24,491
Transfers: 1,156
12,935
Final Consumption by
Type: 37,426
Heat: 8,227
Gas: 7,783
Electricity: 6,156
Oil: 8,145
Coal: 6,958
Exports: 6,094
Biomass: 157
132
Others: 12,055
Transport: 4,723
Residential: 5,086
Industry: 15,392
Sector: 37,426
Commercial: 170
Kazakhstan
Table 3.5.1
133

1990
1995
16,348
15,816
26.3
2000
2005
2009
14,884
15,147
15,925
16.2
18.3
30.0
37.8
115.9
71.2
80.5
131.8
166.1
1,612
1,023
1,229
1,978
2,371
7,089
4,499
5,406
8,699
10,427
Socioeconomic Data

Source: World Bank.
Table 3.5.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
63,469
77,909
117,365
145,813

Net Imports
11,493
42,331
66,627
79,981
Total PES
51,976
35,578
50,738
65,832
Coal
28,920
19,763
28,492
31,555
Oil
11,517
8,262
9,046
14,393
Gas
10,108
6,572
12,457
19,193
Biomass
79
73
78
157
1,352
908
665
534
TPES/capita (toe)
Others
3.29
2.39
3.35
4.13
730
442
385
396

Industry
17,483
10,047
17,593
15,392
Transportation
3,438
3,386
3,637
4,723
Other Sectors
19,413
8,774
11,489
17,311
Total FEC
40,334
22,207
32,719
37,426
Coal
11,682
4,453
8,009
6,958
Oil
8,732
6,377
7,791
8,145
Gas
7,117
2,674
3,670
7,783
Electricity
4,438
3,027
5,227
6,156
Biomass
79
73
78
157
Others
8,286
5,603
7,944
8,227
134
Figure 3.5.1

2009
1994
Others
32.2%
Industry
42.9%
Others
46.8%
Commercial
0.5%
Industry
41.1%
Residential
13.6%
Transport
12.6%
Transport
8.3%
Residential
1.7%
Commercial
0.2%
37,426 ktoe
41,660 ktoe
Figure 3.5.2

2009
1994
Biomass
0.2%
Biomass
0.4%
Heat
23.4%
Coal
28.2%
Electricity
11.9%
Gas
13.7%
Oil
22.6%
41,660 ktoe
Coal
18.6%
Heat
22.0%
Oil
21.8%
Electricity
16.4%
Gas
20.8%
37,426 ktoe
Kazakhstan

70,000
Others 1,121
60,000
Hydro 789
Gas 8,122
50,000
Gas 19,193
Oil 12,779
40,000
ktoe
Biomass 76
Biomass 157
Hydro 592
Oil 14,393
30,000
20,000
Coal 35,011
Coal 31,555
10,000
0
Others 58
10,000
1994
2009

Figure 3.5.4

2009
1994
Hydro
1.1%
Gas
5.1%
Hydro
0.4%
Biomass
0.1%
Biomass
0.1%
Gas
15.6%
Coal
30.4%
Oil
28.8%
Coal
64.9%
Oil
53.5%
70,856 ktoe
145,853 ktoe
135
136
Figure 3.5.5

2009
1994
Hydro
8.7%
Hydro
13.8%
Thermal
86.2%
Thermal
91.3%
66,397 GWh
78,710 GWh
Figure 3.5.6

2009
1994
Others
12.4%
Others
36.7%
Residential
11.8%
Industry
41.9%
Transport
6.8%
Industry
69.1%
Residential
13.8%
Transport
7.6%
57,616 GWh
71,581 GWh
Kazakhstan
Figure 3.5.7

2009
1994
Gas
9.6%
Gas
21.8%
Oil
18.5%
Oil
14.8%
Coal
71.9%
Coal
63.5%
54,183 kt C
56,214 kt C

Figure 3.5.8
19942009
45,000
40,000
35,000
ktoe
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
5,000
137
138
Figure 3.5.9
19942009

19902009
45,000
70,000
40,000
60,000
35,000
50,000
30,000
ktoe
ktoe
40,000
25,000
30,000
20,000
20,000
15,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Coal

Figure 3.5.11
19942009
Gas
Hydro
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
Oil
Others

Figure 3.5.12
19942009
160,000
90,000
140,000
80,000
70,000
120,000
60,000
GWh
100,000
ktoe
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
10,000
1996
1995
1994
5,000
1994
10,000
10,000
80,000
50,000
40,000
60,000
30,000
40,000
20,000
20,000
Coal
Oil

Gas
Hydro
Biomass
Thermal
Hydro
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
10,000
Kazakhstan
Figure 3.5.13
19942009
139

16,000
70,000
14,000
60,000
12,000
50,000
40,000
8,000
kt C
ktoe
10,000
30,000
6,000
4,000
20,000
2,000
10,000
Coal
Oil
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
3,000
3,000
2,500
2,500
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
500
1997
500
1996
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
50
3,500
1995
100
3,500
1994
150
1996
Gas
Figure 3.5.16
19942009
200
1995
Oil

250
1994
1996
Coal

GDP
1995
Gas

1994
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
244
349,054
49,369
139
2,792
2,931
815
4,235
22,064
26,299
30,047
122
12,782
3.
4.
480
49
49
49
1,609
2,138
16
1,627
1,627
495
20
521
2,257
853
12,332
1,144
13,476
738
17,324
163
55,884
6,471
66,574
6,517
450
1,389
181
172
353
1,742
3,585
2,778
8,555
508
11,180
724
10,456
810
2,198
290
177
3,517
1,786
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
2,868
2,872
22
2,464
2,464
430
99
211
740
197
197
197
147
147
51
17
68
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
409
31
640
181
115
296
936
598
1,145
2,710
117
4,136
4,136
1,302
76
1,635
19
57
57
76
17
1,633
1,730
18
3,184
724
2,460
714
88
679
53
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
42,463
Coal
1.
Kazakhstan Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.5.3
241
241
241
405
405
810
973
26
951
LPG
4.5
4.6
411
292
292
102
805
350
844
844
310
177
24
512
Other
Petroleum
Products
8,003
6,375
6,375
6,375
6,641
1,966
1,966
14,983
402
11,813
10,481
16,717
Gas
5.
7,768
668
668
668
668
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
61
61
61
61
61
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
553
699
699
1,252
339
4,019
5,610
572
6,162
6,162
19
321
340
Electricity
13.
1,878
1,782
1,782
3,660
88
3,587
7,335
1,000
8,336
8,336
Heat
14.
349,054
71,657
1,069
10,256
2,711
172
2,883
13,139
4,012
14,785
33,005
2,249
10,389
2,608
1,152
12,068
15,828
72
61,399
427
177
84,323
19,843
126,483
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
140
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
391,089
56,291
120
3,570
3,690
3,355
3,878
3.
4.
523
1,762
2,285
26
1,755
1,755
504
44
552
3,485
496
11,467
1,286
12,753
842
17,576
128
57,892
7,085
68,255
7,088
748
1,888
89
196
285
2,173
4,116
2,314
9,351
93
387
11,236
745
10,491
924
1,584
128
236
3,964
2,488
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
3,278
3,283
16
2,767
2,767
532
63
249
718
265
265
265
181
181
84
84
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
17
762
89
137
226
988
709
1,351
3,065
129
33
4,459
4,459
1,232
52
1,761
477
20
59
59
79
14
963
1,065
29
2,469
745
1,724
685
876
182
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
20,972
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
24,850
31,896
385
11,597
102
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
43,006
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.5.4
399
399
399
463
463
924
985
12
1,065
68
LPG
4.5
4.6
717
442
442
115
1,274
332
897
897
702
236
13
959
Other
Petroleum
Products
5,048
8,332
8,332
8,332
7,333
1,240
1,240
16,905
661
6,517
5,351
18,732
Gas
5.
8,171
703
703
703
703
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
94
94
94
94
94
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
645
707
707
1,352
370
4,254
5,976
618
6,588
6,588
284
291
Electricity
13.
2,130
2,021
2,021
4,151
100
4,068
8,319
1,020
9,339
9,339
Heat
14.
391,089
76,598
1,391
13,089
2,817
196
3,013
16,102
4,586
15,968
38,047
3,554
13,209
2,123
231
9,019
11,373
82
66,101
24
236
80,298
15,869
130,790
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Kazakhstan
141
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
80
396,322
62,154
37
1,085
1,085
1,085
4,162
5,284
55
3,017
4,142
21,892
26,034
34,390
13
14,523
3.
4.
489
1,504
1,993
74
1,613
1,612
307
13
141
461
1,277
12,241
120
12,361
895
14,531
231
60,774
3,203
71,871
3,304
451
1,669
371
271
642
2,311
4,882
2,663
10,307
200
506
11,903
827
11,076
982
1,445
372
221
4,056
2,460
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
3,922
3,924
27
2,633
2,633
1,319
391
163
1,091
244
244
244
188
188
57
59
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
612
41
987
193
178
371
1,358
813
1,553
3,765
78
32
4,646
4,646
927
112
1,651
10
32
93
93
125
18
1,110
1,263
122
3,061
827
2,234
1,086
123
1,095
132
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
48,846
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.5.5
165
178
178
343
343
491
491
982
1,125
11
1,140
26
LPG
4.5
4.6
398
241
241
129
768
435
884
884
317
221
540
Other
Petroleum
Products
7,409
58
9,781
909
909
10,690
10,748
8,065
1,820
1,820
20,633
33
5,230
5,197
20,699
Gas
5.
7,460
642
642
642
642
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
164
164
164
164
164
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
737
716
716
1,453
423
4,444
6,320
612
6,909
6,909
24
214
238
Electricity
13.
2,116
2,009
2,009
4,125
99
4,043
8,267
1,196
9,463
9,463
Heat
14.
396,322
80,327
1,035
14,467
5,090
271
5,361
19,828
5,404
16,816
43,083
220
14,673
2,529
338
8,929
11,797
87
69,246
544
221
84,938
11,639
142,222
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
142
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
11.
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
390,963
58,949
35
1,064
1,064
1,064
3,896
4,995
28
2,248
2,913
21,006
23,919
31,134
25
13,200
78
3.
4.
391
1,572
1,963
37
26
1,531
1,531
421
40
20
401
3,632
1,204
12,374
288
12,662
1,156
18,654
45
65,422
6,059
77,972
2,546
423
1,269
328
170
498
1,767
4,206
1,749
8,145
22
412
11,968
441
11,527
1,269
4,261
84
178
5,869
1,702
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
33
3,469
3,502
2,746
2,746
764
162
930
197
197
197
175
175
23
10
33
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
11
729
148
131
279
1,008
638
1,218
2,875
75
4,482
4,482
1,538
1,802
256
13
39
39
52
531
601
21
3,116
441
2,675
2,095
96
2,207
16
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Discrepancy
10.
14.1.1
Loss and Own Use
9.
Other Sectors
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Residential and
Commercial
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.
Refineries
8.3
14.1
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
44,281
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.5.6
182
180
180
362
362
634
634
1,269
1,536
1,544
10
LPG
4.5
4.6
370
148
148
90
608
325
815
815
121
14
178
144
457
Other
Petroleum
Products
10,336
102
6,760
921
921
7,681
7,783
8,870
2,539
2,539
19,193
123
5,548
1,807
22,811
Gas
5.
6,879
592
592
592
592
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
157
157
157
157
157
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
761
725
725
1,486
416
4,254
6,156
555
6,769
6,769
58
205
147
Electricity
13.
2,157
2,048
2,048
4,205
101
3,921
8,227
1,109
9,336
9,336
Heat
14.
390,963
78,710
951
11,104
5,086
170
5,256
16,360
4,723
15,392
37,426
3,546
14,424
1,382
406
8,761
10,549
113
65,832
267
178
90,264
10,194
145,813
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Kazakhstan
143
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1992
1991
1993
41,660
19,506
86
721
3,461
17,886
57,898
1,121
76
789
8,122
12,779
35,011
70,856
76
789
3,636
20,374
45,981
1994
Kazakhstan Summary Table, 19902009
Table 3.5.7
40,334
18,735
95
583
3,438
17,483
51,976
636
79
716
10,108
11,517
28,920
63,469
79
716
4,793
20,734
37,147
1995
34,776
16,579
59
522
3,098
14,518
45,179
567
74
630
7,841
10,217
25,850
63,327
74
630
5,286
23,067
34,270
1996
29,586
13,597
60
468
2,666
12,795
39,294
405
74
559
7,038
9,507
21,711
65,113
74
559
6,574
25,897
32,009
1997
30,212
14,633
67
465
2,973
12,074
39,204
328
73
528
7,043
9,409
21,823
64,377
73
528
6,439
26,066
31,271
1998
26,924
14,086
54
471
2,257
10,056
35,813
258
73
527
7,232
7,249
20,474
65,578
73
527
8,341
30,266
26,371
1999
22,207
6,643
137
1,994
3,386
10,047
35,578
260
73
648
6,572
8,262
19,763
77,909
73
648
7,620
35,439
34,129
2000
22,084
4,823
130
2,133
3,002
11,996
34,461
154
87
695
5,038
7,268
21,219
83,323
87
695
6,943
40,739
34,859
2001
21,855
5,233
139
2,374
3,333
10,776
39,623
34
101
765
6,986
9,954
21,783
90,439
101
765
8,940
48,074
32,559
2002
25,176
6,624
154
2,672
3,181
12,545
42,937
126
80
742
8,529
10,061
23,651
101,036
80
742
10,517
52,327
37,370
2003
27,658
6,952
132
2,590
3,390
14,594
50,476
187
44
693
9,735
12,344
27,847
113,482
44
693
14,005
60,495
38,245
2004
32,719
8,541
156
2,792
3,637
17,593
50,738
11
78
676
12,457
9,046
28,492
117,365
78
676
15,824
62,503
38,284
2005
33,005
11,325
172
2,711
4,012
14,785
61,399
19
61
668
14,983
15,126
30,542
126,483
61
668
16,717
66,574
42,463
2006
38,047
14,480
196
2,817
4,586
15,968
66,101
94
703
16,905
15,992
32,400
130,790
94
703
18,732
68,255
43,006
2007
37,426
12,055
170
5,086
4,723
15,392
65,832
58
157
592
19,193
14,393
31,555
145,813
157
592
22,811
77,972
44,281
2009
43,083
15,502
271
5,090
5,404
16,816
69,246
24
164
642
20,633
13,086
34,697
142,222
164
642
20,699
71,871
48,846
2008
144
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
54,183
5,203
10,026
38,954
13,864
1,048
2,086
10,730
18,023
8,465
9,558
66,397
9,179
57,218
41,660
76
9,763
4,955
5,719
9,399
11,748
1994
48,213
6,475
8,913
32,825
9,260
1,304
1,566
6,390
19,209
9,070
10,140
66,661
8,331
58,330
40,334
79
8,286
4,438
7,117
8,732
11,682
1995
42,043
5,022
7,647
29,374
8,201
1,012
1,523
5,666
17,000
8,023
8,977
59,038
7,331
51,707
34,776
74
7,656
3,932
5,520
7,479
10,115
1996
36,629
4,301
6,766
25,561
6,714
1,074
1,174
4,466
15,233
7,198
8,035
52,000
6,499
45,501
29,586
74
6,314
3,343
4,529
6,669
8,657
1997
37,415
4,305
7,388
25,722
6,575
1,058
951
4,566
14,488
5,977
8,512
49,145
6,141
43,004
30,212
73
6,688
3,110
4,491
7,665
8,185
1998
34,816
4,306
5,651
24,860
6,250
942
648
4,660
12,326
4,209
8,116
47,498
6,132
41,366
26,924
73
6,331
3,143
4,550
5,908
6,919
1999
34,017
4,211
6,440
23,366
9,281
2,365
765
6,151
15,802
8,640
7,163
51,324
7,531
43,793
22,207
73
5,603
3,027
2,674
6,377
4,453
2000
33,631
3,227
6,208
24,195
8,018
2,539
689
4,790
16,035
9,558
6,477
56,857
8,081
48,776
22,084
87
5,869
3,347
823
5,933
6,025
2001
36,563
4,475
6,593
25,494
9,662
2,320
880
6,462
15,512
9,651
5,860
58,342
8,890
49,452
21,855
101
6,906
3,394
969
6,336
4,149
2002
40,911
5,464
7,113
28,333
10,283
2,277
744
7,262
16,465
10,256
6,209
63,866
8,625
55,241
25,176
80
7,415
3,608
1,965
6,871
5,237
2003
44,501
6,235
6,919
31,347
9,640
1,841
338
7,461
17,419
10,581
6,837
66,945
8,057
58,888
27,658
44
7,626
3,719
2,183
7,256
6,830
2004
47,395
7,980
7,527
31,888
9,784
2,415
753
6,616
6,942
6,942
67,847
7,856
59,991
32,719
78
7,944
5,227
3,670
7,791
8,009
2005
53,424
9,597
9,509
34,318
15,477
1,966
1,868
11,643
6,651
6,651
71,657
7,768
63,889
33,005
61
7,335
5,610
6,375
8,555
5,069
2006
56,920
10,829
9,612
36,479
12,567
1,240
2,031
9,296
7,186
7,186
76,598
8,171
68,427
38,047
94
8,319
5,976
8,332
9,351
5,975
2007
56,214
12,229
8,315
35,669
12,602
2,539
729
9,334
62,601
13,180
10,457
38,964
12,827
1,820
947
10,060
6,453
7,116
6,453
78,710
6,879
71,831
37,426
157
8,227
6,156
7,783
8,145
6,958
2009
7,116
80,327
7,460
72,867
43,083
164
8,267
6,320
10,748
10,307
7,277
2008
Kazakhstan
145
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
15.0
1,515
1,351
97,678
24,907
22,207
56.1
16,439
1992
16.8
1,433
1,235
88,692
23,409
20,164
56.1
16,330
1993
0.94
3.37
3,075
3,580
59.4
22.4
2,364
3,285
2.59
3.60
15.1
1,320
1,095
77,517
21,251
17,623
56.0
16,095
1994
0.93
3.05
2,980
3,263
80.0
22.1
2,493
3,213
2.55
3.29
15.5
1,288
1,023
71,160
20,374
16,178
55.9
15,816
1995
0.93
2.70
2,586
2,936
125.8
40.2
2,139
2,779
2.23
2.90
15.5
1,350
1,044
71,516
21,035
16,259
56.0
15,578
1996
0.93
2.39
2,215
2,536
172.4
65.7
1,789
2,376
1.93
2.56
16.2
1,446
1,078
72,732
22,166
16,536
56.1
15,334
1997
0.95
2.48
2,307
2,400
177.0
64.2
1,862
2,417
2.00
2.60
16.0
1,469
1,076
71,350
22,135
16,221
56.1
15,071
1998
0.97
2.33
2,090
2,449
317.5
83.1
1,616
2,150
1.80
2.40
15.9
1,130
1,116
73,276
16,871
16,659
56.2
14,928
1999
0.96
2.29
1,860
2,365
328.9
119.0
1,214
1,945
1.49
2.39
16.5
1,229
1,229
80,457
18,292
18,292
56.3
14,884
2000
0.98
2.26
1,620
2,620
460.5
141.8
1,064
1,660
1.49
2.32
67
16.5
1,491
1,397
91,319
22,153
20,761
56.5
14,858
2001
0.92
2.46
1,604
2,656
383.0
128.2
959
1,738
1.47
2.67
91
16.2
1,658
1,534
100,268
24,637
22,796
56.6
14,859
2002
0.95
2.74
1,642
2,814
420.1
135.3
1,010
1,723
1.69
2.88
96
16.0
2,068
1,671
109,593
30,834
24,916
56.8
14,909
2003
0.88
2.96
1,630
2,881
390.1
124.8
1,013
1,848
1.84
3.36
99
16.1
2,874
1,819
120,114
43,152
27,308
56.9
15,013
2004
0.93
3.13
1,582
4,013
590.9
131.3
1,092
1,694
2.16
3.35
116
15.7
3,771
1,978
131,765
57,124
29,957
57.1
15,147
2005
0.87
3.49
1,611
4,262
340.1
106.0
995
1,851
2.16
4.01
139
15.3
5,292
2,166
145,864
81,004
33,162
57.4
15,308
2006
0.86
3.68
1,576
4,489
326.8
97.9
1,054
1,830
2.46
4.27
144
15.1
6,772
2,332
158,846
104,853
36,114
57.7
15,484
2007
0.90
3.99
1,678
4,689
449.2
105.4
1,155
1,856
2.75
4.42
149
14.2
8,514
2,380
164,088
133,442
37,305
57.9
15,674
2008
0.85
3.53
1,489
4,496
441.7
121.5
991
1,744
2.35
4.13
147
13 .6
7,241
2,371
166,057
115,306
37,753
58.2
15,925
2009
= no data or not applicable, CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatthour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatthour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil
15.8
13.2
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
1,647
1,512
1,425
1,612
2000 $)
24,881
103,145
26,933
115,893
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
23,450
56.2
16,451
1991
26,348
56.3

million)
16,348
Urban Population, %
1990
146
3.6 Kyrgyz Republic


199,940
812.0
5,321
0.2
2.1
40.0
100.0


Biomass: 4
Gas: 537
Coal: 216
Hydro: 852
Oil: 75
Coal: 217
Gas: 13
Imports: 753

Transformation
Losses: 163
Imports: 1,763
Oil: 1,763
(Discrepancy: 127)
1,229

(Discrepancy: 2)
649
2,017
Heat: 244
Gas: 175
Coal: 470
Biomass: 4
Others: 869
Industry: 818
Residential: 124
Transport: 855
Oil: 1,154
Exports: 169
Electricity: 619
147
148
Table 3.6.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
4,423
4,590
4,915
5,144
5,321
2.1
1.0
1.4
1.6
2.1
Socioeconomic Data
11.1
5.6
7.4
8.9
11.1
465
227
279
321
387
2,505
1,224
1,501
1,728
2,084
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Source: World Bank.
Table 3.6.2

1,258
1,443
1,447
1,161
Net Imports
1,126
959
1,212
1,847
Total PES
2,384
2,402
2,659
3,008
Coal
324
486
553
433
Oil
477
404
490
1,197
Gas
740
574
617
550
Biomass
Others
839
934
995
824
TPES/capita (toe)
0.52
0.49
0.52
0.57
424
325
299
271
Industry
464
462
672
818
Transportation
388
294
411
855
Other Sectors
928
1,050
1,020
993
Total FEC
1,780
1,806
2,103
2,666
Coal
134
223
397
470
Oil
477
399
492
1,154
Gas
124
163
231
175
Electricity
789
780
804
619
Biomass
Others
252
237
175
244
Kyrgyz Republic
Figure 3.6.1

1994
2009
Others
50.7%
Industry
30.7%
Others
32.6%
Industry
35.4%
Transport
32.1%
Residential
4.7%
Residential
6.6%
Transport
7.3%
2,448 ktoe
2,666 ktoe

Figure 3.6.2

1994
2009
Biomass
0.2%
Biomass
0.2%
Heat
4.4%
Heat
9.2%
Coal
26.9%
Electricity
29.4%
Gas
22.8%
2,448 ktoe
Oil
16.4%
Coal
17.6%
Electricity
23.2%
Gas
6.6%
Oil
43.3%
2,666 ktoe
149

3,500
Biomass 4
3,000
Biomass 4
2,500
Hydro 1,008
Hydro 852
2,000
ktoe
150
Gas 550
Gas 726
1,500
Oil 402
1,000
500
Oil 1,197
Coal 859
Coal 433
Others 204
500
Others 28
1994
2009

Figure 3.6.4

1994
2009
Biomass
0.3%
Biomass
0.3%
Coal
18.7%
Coal
22.7%
Oil
6.5%
Oil
6.0%
Hydro
68.8%
1,465 ktoe

Gas
2.2%
Hydro
73.4%
1,161 ktoe
Gas
1.1%
Kyrgyz Republic
Figure 3.6.5

1994
2009
Thermal
10.4%
Thermal
10.7%
Hydro
89.3%
Hydro
89.6%
13,087 GWh
11,100 GWh
Figure 3.6.6

1994
2009
Others
22.9%
Industry
29.1%
Others
47.0%
Transport
1.5%
Industry
56.2%
Residential
20.0%
Residential
22.4%
Transport
0.8%
8,360 GWh
7,198 GWh
151
Figure 3.6.7

1994
2009
Gas
18.2%
Gas
26.8%
Coal
34.6%
Coal
54.1%
Oil
19.1%
Oil
47.1%
1,736 kt C
1,929 kt C

Figure 3.6.8
19942009
3,000
2,500
2,000
ktoe
1,500
1,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
500
1994
152
Kyrgyz Republic
Figure 3.6.9
19942009
153

19942009
3,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,500
2,000
ktoe
ktoe
2,000
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
500
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Coal
Oil

Figure 3.6.11
19942009
Figure 3.6.12
19942009
1,600
18,000
1,400
16,000
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2002
2001
2003
Biomass
Others
14,000
1,200
12,000
GWh
1,000
ktoe
Geothermal
Gas

2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
500
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
800
10,000
8,000
600
6,000
400
4,000
200
Coal
Oil

Gas
Hydro
Biomass
Thermal
Hydro
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0
1994
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2,000
154
Figure 3.6.13
19942009

600
2,000
500
1,500
kt C
ktoe
400
300
1,000
200
500
Coal
Coal
Gas
Figure 3.6.16
19942009
180
3,000
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
1,800
1,600
2,500
1,400
2,000
1,200
1,000
1,500
800
1,000
600
400
500
20
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
200
GDP
2009
Gas


2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Oil

2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0
1994
1994
100
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
2,303
563
368
368
14
3.
4.
71
71
71
71
35
42
42
373
450
69
69
383
317
89
789
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
242
242
11
11
231
231
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
131
131
32
32
100
100
42
42
42
26
26
16
16
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
147
147
529
412
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
117
Coal
1.
Kyrgyz Republic Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.6.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
35
35
36
317
89
442
Other
Petroleum
Products
5,150
1,632
234
234
240
404
404
645
629
16
Gas
5.
14,887
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
294
280
280
574
10
306
890
362
1,469
1,469
217
217
Electricity
13.
178
178
178
178
178
Heat
14.
7,453
17,082
35
752
280
280
1,032
389
674
2,130
17
362
184
186
2,695
317
306
1,830
1,488
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Kyrgyz Republic
155
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
2,428
587
398
398
132
3.
4.
128
128
127
58
69
73
69
69
704
846
122
122
724
328
207
1,259
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
472
472
15
15
457
457
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
232
232
53
53
179
115
294
69
69
69
54
54
15
15
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
154
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
154
420
279
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
141
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.6.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
73
73
73
328
92
493
Other
Petroleum
Products
5,443
1,702
254
254
260
421
421
682
669
13
Gas
5.
13,948
1,200
1,200
1,200
1,200
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
158
241
241
399
369
774
417
1,397
1,397
205
205
Electricity
13.
188
188
188
188
188
Heat
14.
7,871
16,237
73
673
241
241
914
716
767
2,470
131
417
190
196
2,952
328
412
2,265
1,427
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
156
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3,014
292
417
417
154
3.
4.
138
138
145
53
127
71
70
61
61
673
804
131
131
673
405
283
1,361
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
492
492
14
14
478
57
535
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
181
181
61
61
120
77
197
61
61
61
56
56
35
40
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
148
148
411
14
248
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
177
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.6.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
70
70
70
405
114
589
Other
Petroleum
Products
6,699
845
274
274
280
344
344
624
610
14
Gas
5.
10,740
924
924
924
924
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
144
133
133
277
353
635
340
1,022
1,022
46
47
Electricity
13.
233
233
233
233
233
Heat
14.
9,713
11,877
70
716
133
133
849
684
770
2,373
146
340
161
168
2,735
405
397
2,347
1,190
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Kyrgyz Republic
157
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3,182
306
470
470
171
3.
4.
44
31
31
75
75
71
239
239
844
1,154
31
31
1,122
500
141
1,763
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
284
284
11
11
273
273
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
560
560
10
10
549
549
239
239
239
10
10
229
229
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
134
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
134
433
216
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
217
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.6.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
71
71
71
500
141
712
Other
Petroleum
Products
7,034
884
169
169
175
375
375
550
537
13
Gas
5.
9,910
852
852
852
852
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
142
124
124
266
348
619
308
954
954
28
28
Electricity
13.
244
244
244
244
244
Heat
14.
10,216
11,100
71
798
124
124
922
855
818
2,666
129
308
163
163
3,008
500
169
2,516
1,161
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
158
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1992
1991
1993
2,448
1,241
161
179
867
2,795
204
1,008
726
402
859
1,465
1,008
32
88
333
1994
1,780
764
164
388
464
2,384
117
956
740
477
324
1,258
956
30
89
179
1995
Kyrgyz Republic Summary Table, 19902009
Table 3.6.7
2,015
881
146
408
580
2,758
178
1,054
883
511
484
1,319
1,054
22
84
155
1996
1,902
751
136
434
581
2,595
147
940
727
563
508
1,262
940
34
85
199
1997
2,173
1,073
138
423
539
2,761
52
855
853
598
503
1,113
855
15
78
161
1998
1,856
793
167
391
505
2,411
157
1,044
503
510
507
1,301
1,044
21
77
155
1999
1,806
848
202
294
462
2,402
243
1,177
574
404
486
1,443
1,177
27
77
158
2000
1,558
677
156
305
420
2,206
158
1,069
586
386
319
1,354
1,069
28
76
177
2001
1,881
845
148
272
616
2,496
58
928
743
360
519
1,204
928
25
76
171
2002
2,025
765
208
342
710
2,687
139
1,162
613
423
624
1,403
1,162
23
69
145
2003
2,103
735
214
456
698
2,736
286
1,212
669
528
609
1,475
1,212
24
74
161
2004
2,103
766
254
411
672
2,659
231
1,226
617
490
553
1,447
1,226
21
74
122
2005
2,130
787
280
389
674
2,695
217
1,280
645
454
529
1,488
1,280
16
71
117
2006
2,470
746
241
716
767
2,952
205
1,200
682
851
420
1,427
1,200
13
69
141
2007
2,666
869
124
855
818
3,008
28
852
550
1,197
433
1,161
852
13
75
217
2009
2,373
786
133
684
770
2,735
46
924
624
818
411
1,190
924
14
71
177
2008
Kyrgyz Republic
159
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
1,736
464
331
940
234
104
130
2,349
198
2,151
13,087
11,724
1,363
2,448
108
719
557
402
658
1994
1,215
474
383
358
491
382
109
3,651
198
3,453
14,285
11,118
3,167
1,780
252
789
124
477
134
1995
1,507
566
410
532
548
406
142
4,860
291
4,570
15,729
12,255
3,474
2,015
275
753
228
509
246
1996
1,472
466
449
557
529
377
152
4,326
209
4,116
14,285
10,934
3,351
1,902
262
703
120
556
257
1997
1,559
546
459
554
393
251
142
4,035
209
3,826
12,455
9,943
2,512
2,173
183
664
448
588
286
1998
1,259
322
380
557
329
223
106
3,791
174
3,616
14,135
12,142
1,993
1,856
205
719
143
504
281
1999
1,228
368
325
535
379
255
124
3,884
93
3,791
15,983
13,683
2,300
1,806
237
780
163
399
223
2000
1,027
375
298
354
387
290
98
4,860
186
4,674
14,936
12,430
2,506
1,558
200
699
119
387
149
2001
1,318
476
271
571
355
267
89
4,651
221
4,430
13,086
10,787
2,299
1,881
183
659
314
357
364
2002
1,414
393
337
684
366
238
128
4,826
709
4,116
15,576
13,516
2,060
2,025
170
774
229
418
430
2003
1,511
429
412
671
370
260
110
4,605
35
4,570
16,312
14,094
2,218
2,103
176
711
250
524
438
2004
1,377
396
372
608
323
241
83
4,256
4,256
16,415
14,259
2,156
2,103
175
804
231
492
397
2005
1,320
413
339
568
329
250
78
4,093
4,093
17,082
14,887
2,195
2,130
178
890
240
450
368
2006
1,676
436
631
609
340
259
82
4,581
4,581
16,237
13,948
2,289
2,470
188
774
260
846
398
2007
1,929
352
909
668
204
165
39
1,619
400
596
623
202
144
58
3,326
3,698
3,326
11,100
9,910
1,190
2,666
244
619
175
1,154
470
2009
3,698
11,877
10,740
1,137
2,373
233
635
280
804
417
2008
160
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
572
26.9
23.2
510
359
8,793
2,317
1,632
37.2
4,546
1992
21 .1
446
304
7,434
2,028
1,380
36.9
4,543
1993
0.62
0.38
1,574
1,842
78.1
47.6
2,220
2,535
0.54
0.62
16.9
370
243
5,941
1,681
1,103
36.6
4,540
1994
0.51
0.26
1,165
1,999
81.3
47.2
1,707
2,286
0.39
0.52
13.4
362
227
5,618
1,661
1,043
36.3
4,590
1995
0.55
0.32
1,350
1,880
83.6
52.2
1,805
2,470
0.43
0.59
13.1
392
240
6,016
1,828
1,117
36.1
4,657
1996
0.57
0.31
1,199
1,730
84.9
51.4
1,550
2,114
0.40
0.55
19.1
374
260
6,613
1,768
1,227
35.9
4,725
1997
0.56
0.33
1,244
1,610
87.0
59.7
1,734
2,203
0.45
0.58
20 .2
343
261
6,753
1,646
1,253
35.8
4,797
1998
0.52
0.26
969
1,719
84.9
46.0
1,429
1,856
0.38
0.50
18.3
257
267
7,000
1,249
1,299
35.6
4,865
1999
0.51
0.25
896
1,846
80.9
39.9
1,319
1,754
0.37
0.49
18 .1
279
279
7,380
1,370
1,370
35.4
4,915
2000
0.47
0.21
712
1,641
80.3
38.6
1,080
1,529
0.31
0.45
38
18.7
308
291
7,773
1,525
1,443
35.5
4,955
2001
0.53
0.26
914
1,535
78.9
51.8
1,304
1,731
0.38
0.50
48
16.7
322
289
7,771
1,606
1,442
35.6
4,993
2002
0.53
0.28
916
1,787
83.7
47.8
1,312
1,741
0.40
0.53
44
18.4
381
306
8,318
1,919
1,544
35.6
5,039
2003
0.55
0.30
915
1,624
86.0
46.1
1,273
1,656
0.41
0.54
44
17.6
434
324
8,902
2,212
1,652
35.7
5,093
2004
0.52
0.27
835
1,818
84.9
45.6
1,275
1,612
0.41
0.52
45
14.6
478
321
8,887
2,460
1,649
35.8
5,144
2005
0.49
0.25
776
1,994
84.4
44.8
1,253
1,585
0.41
0.52
45
12.2
546
328
9,162
2,834
1,700
36.0
5,192
2006
0.57
0.32
908
1,720
91.9
51.7
1,338
1,599
0.47
0.56
46
11.9
726
353
9,945
3,803
1,846
36.1
5,235
2007
0.59
0.31
809
1,399
91.3
56.5
1,186
1,367
0.45
0.52
46
13.4
974
379
10,781
5,140
2,001
36.3
5,278
2008
0.64
0.36
937
1,353
93.7
61.4
1,295
1,461
0.50
0.57
46
11.8
881
387
11,092
4,690
2,059
36.4
5,321
2009
605
24.8
422
465
2000 $)
2,571
10,211
2,674
11,081
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
1,895
37.5
4,495
1991
2,057
37.8

million)
4,423
Urban Population, %
1990
Kyrgyz Republic
161
3.7 Pakistan
796,100
2,070.0
170,494
29.7
111.4
313.0
62.4

Sources: ADB (2012), IEA (2011c), World Bank, and WEC (2010).

Nuclear: 754
Oil: 7,507
Coal: 3,075
Biomass: 29,531
Hydro: 2,416
Gas: 27,293
Coal: 1,366
Oil: 3,498
Gas: 4
Stock Changes: 4
Imports:
10,582

Stock Changes: 2
Transformation
Losses: 11,676
Oil: 10,785
Oil: 2,228
Imports:
10,785
Others: 2,228
(Discrepancy: 339)
9,687
SECONDARY COMMODITIES:
22,700
(Discrepancy: 114)
17,816
Transfers: 305
52,034
Biomass: 28,941
Gas: 19,146
Oil: 11,319
Coal: 4,051
Exports: 1,525
Electricity: 6,393
162
Others: 4,599
Commercial: 2,081
Residential: 34,146
Transport: 11,079
Industry: 17,945
Pakistan
Table 3.7.1
163

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
111,845
127,347
144,522
158,645
170,494
50.2
63.0
74.0
94.4
111.4
181.2
227.2
266.7
340.3
401.9
Socioeconomic Data
449
495
512
595
654
1,620
1,784
1,845
2,145
2,357

Source: World Bank.
Table 3.7.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
34,176
41,046
46,919
61,474
64,858
8,651
12,532
16,605
14,698
20,663
Total PES
42,827
53,578
63,524
76,172
85,521
Coal
1,958
2,168
1,862
3,732
4,441
Oil
10,493
14,613
18,968
16,394
21,082
Gas
10,077
13,159
16,667
25,639
27,297
Biomass
18,767
21,516
24,028
27,106
29,531
Others
1,532
2,122
1,999
3,301
3,170
TPES/capita (toe)
0.38
0.42
0.44
0.48
0.50
236
236
238
224
213
Industry
7,933
10,497
11,155
16,639
17,945
Transportation
4,498
6,594
8,228
8,919
11,079
Other Sectors
23,771
27,349
31,560
36,705
40,826
Total FEC
36,202
44,440
50,943
62,263
69,850
Coal
1,522
1,538
1,375
3,284
4,051
Oil
7,750
10,014
11,666
11,391
11,319
Gas
6,009
8,196
10,177
15,210
19,146
Electricity
2,475
3,606
4,178
5,814
6,393
Biomass
18,446
21,086
23,547
26,564
28,941

Net Imports
Others
FEC = final energy consumption, GDP = gross domestic product, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, PES = primary energy supply, PPP = purchasing power parity,
toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total primary energy supply.
164
Figure 3.7.1

1990
Commercial
2.2%
2009
Commercial
3.0%
Others
8.1%
Others
6.6%
Industry
25.7%
Industry
21.9%
Residential
55.4%
Transport
12.4%
36, 202 ktoe
Residential
48.9%
Transport
15.9%
69,850 ktoe

Figure 3.7.2

1990
2009
Coal
4.2%
Oil
21.4%
Biomass
51.0%
Coal
5.8%
Oil
16.2%
Biomass
41.4%
Gas
16.6%
Gas
27.4%
Electricity
6.8%
36,202 ktoe
Electricity
9.2%
69,850 ktoe
Pakistan

90,000
80,000
Biomass 29,531
70,000
60,000
Nuclear 754
ktoe
Hydro 2,416
50,000
40,000
Gas 27,297
Biomass 18,767
30,000
Hydro 1,456
20,000
Gas 10,077
10,000
Nuclear 76
Oil 21,082
Oil 10,493
Coal 1,958
1990
Coal 4,441
2009

Figure 3.7.4

1990
2009
Coal
2.1%
Coal
3.2%
Oil
5.4%
Oil
7.9%
Biomass
54.9%
Nuclear
0.2%
Gas
29.5%
Biomass
45.5%
Gas
42.1%
Hydro
4.3%
Nuclear Hydro
1.2% 3.7%
34,176 ktoe
64,858 ktoe
165
166
Figure 3.7.5

1990
2009
Nuclear
3.0%
Nuclear
0.8%
Hydro
29.4%
Hydro
44.9%
Thermal
54.3%
Thermal
67.5%
37,673 GWh
95,400 GWh
Figure 3.7.6

1990
2009
Others
13.0%
Others
17.5%
Commercial
14.0%
Industry
26.7%
Industry
35.9%
Residential
32.5%
Transport
0.1%
28,779 GWh
Commercial
14.2%
Residential
46.1%
74,337 GWh
Transport
0.0%
Pakistan
Figure 3.7.7

1990
2009
Coal
13.1%
Gas
31.7%
Coal
16.8%
Gas
41.3%
Oil
51.4%
Oil
45.5%
16,328 kt C
37,257 kt C

Figure 3.7.8
19902009
80,000
70,000
60,000
ktoe
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
10,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
167
168
Figure 3.7.9
19902009

19902009
80,000
90,000
70,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
60,000
50,000
ktoe
30,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
20,000
10,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
10,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe
50,000
40,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Oil
Biomass
Hydro
Nuclear


Figure 3.7.11
19902009
Figure 3.7.12
19902009
70,000
Geothermal
Biomass
Others
100,000
60,000
80,000
50,000
60,000
ktoe
GWh
40,000
30,000
40,000
20,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Oil
Hydro
Nuclear

Geothermal
Biomass
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20,000
10,000
Thermal
Others
Hydro
Nuclear
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Others
Pakistan
Figure 3.7.13
19902009
169

40,000
16,000
35,000
14,000
30,000
12,000
25,000
kt C
8,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
2,000
5,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
4,000
Coal
Oil
Coal
Gas



Figure 3.7.16
19902009
880
140
860
120
100
80
60
40
2008
2009
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
370
350
800
340
780
330
320
760
310
740
700
CO2 Emissions
380
360
TPES
390
820
720
TFEC
840
20
GDP
Gas
300
290
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
160
Oil
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

280
6,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe
10,000
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
136
3,871
3,872
109
3.
4.
76
76
76
76
289
11,582
11,582
380
12,251
8,558
3,694
28,162
566
158
551
333
884
1,042
7,888
1,616
11,112
46
397
11,364
6,581
4,783
403
6,277
266
1,019
1,431
8,461
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
1,218
1,218
1,303
1,303
85
10
95
110
22
132
132
87
219
214
214
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
102
100
100
202
6,661
867
7,730
3,562
44
3,518
4,212
83
19
35
4,183
662
675
178
3,116
6,537
3,421
4,273
150
83
4,206
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
205
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
92
297
4,278
2,807
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
1,471
Coal
1.
Pakistan Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.7.3
56
441
207
648
704
704
230
230
403
72
72
LPG
4.5
4.6
28,162
566
566
45
219
2,939
2,939
2,199
19
917
1,301
Other
Petroleum
Products
35,811
2,840
4,124
697
4,821
4,821
1,255
7,540
16,456
1,042
8,208
8,208
25,706
25,703
Gas
5.
31,953
2,748
2,748
2,748
2,748
Hydro
6.
2,288
596
596
596
596
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
24,127
24,127
24,127
3,012
27,139
554
554
27,693
27,693
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
703
2,867
871
3,738
4,441
1,812
6,254
2,205
8,458
8,458
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
98,350
3,406
861
31,670
1,901
33,571
34,432
9,144
17,927
64,909
351
3,644
554
129
218
9,767
10,668
23
79,549
268
1,019
1,431
19,826
61,905
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
170
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
136
5,103
5,104
127
307
3.
4.
113
113
113
113
170
12,084
12,084
372
12,626
8,808
3,819
30,848
426
156
528
355
883
1,039
9,479
1,076
12,020
112
413
11,847
6,926
4,921
394
7,230
469
895
1,419
9,075
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
1,552
1,552
1,431
1,431
121
29
44
136
125
21
146
146
90
236
226
226
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
115
116
116
231
7,921
463
8,615
3,893
168
3,725
4,890
177
13
21
4,747
523
538
184
3,244
6,758
3,514
4,236
187
117
4,166
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
92
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
399
5,630
3,952
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
1,678
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.7.4
41
403
209
612
653
653
233
233
394
26
26
LPG
4.5
4.6
30,848
426
426
113
229
2,820
2,820
2,052
67
765
1,354
Other
Petroleum
Products
32,923
2,988
4,535
754
5,289
5,289
1,601
7,837
17,715
1,367
8,068
8,068
27,151
27,150
Gas
5.
28,707
2,469
2,469
2,469
2,469
Hydro
6.
3,077
802
802
802
802
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
24,650
24,650
24,650
3,077
27,727
566
566
28,293
28,293
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
729
2,899
902
3,801
4,530
1,783
6,314
1,917
8,230
8,230
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
95,691
3,414
885
32,613
2,011
34,624
35,509
11,081
18,989
68,993
409
3,697
566
194
237
10,127
11,124
22
84,201
469
895
1,419
21,835
64,211
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Pakistan
171
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
113
3,672
3,673
85
3.
4.
290
290
290
290
560
11,184
11,184
318
12,062
8,511
3,553
32,433
391
137
453
387
840
977
8,872
971
11,211
105
380
10,827
7,401
3,426
337
7,933
273
973
1,281
9,914
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
1,624
1,624
1,377
1,377
247
16
266
100
31
131
131
54
185
181
181
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
74
148
148
222
7,241
408
7,871
3,529
174
3,355
4,517
40
65
4,628
509
523
170
3,019
7,227
4,208
4,901
76
129
4,955
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
789
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
62
851
4,609
3,068
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
1,541
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.7.5
63
353
201
554
617
617
214
214
337
65
65
LPG
4.5
4.6
32,433
391
391
105
210
2,507
2,507
1,801
215
804
1,212
Other
Petroleum
Products
29,678
3,027
4,759
790
5,549
5,549
1,961
7,684
18,221
795
7,438
7,438
26,454
26,451
Gas
5.
27,784
2,389
2,389
2,389
2,389
Hydro
6.
1,618
422
422
422
422
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
25,183
25,183
25,183
3,144
28,327
578
578
28,905
28,905
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
756
2,776
857
3,633
4,389
1,662
6,051
1,828
7,880
7,880
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
91,626
3,418
893
33,172
2,034
35,206
36,099
10,833
17,423
67,773
751
3,003
578
499
357
9,832
11,266
19
82,774
274
973
1,281
21,493
63,261
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
172
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
116
3,947
3,947
139
284
3.
4.
104
104
104
104
202
10,496
10,496
305
11,003
7,507
3,498
36,218
407
109
593
352
945
1,054
8,878
980
11,319
112
349
10,001
8,623
1,378
323
10,079
1,905
1,086
1,525
10,785
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
2,060
2,060
1,432
1,432
628
15
617
93
28
121
121
49
170
143
143
27
27
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
61
111
111
172
6,814
476
7,462
3,383
263
3,120
4,341
115
39
133
4,628
157
161
161
455
620
156
2,437
8,360
5,923
6,699
1,436
190
13
5,466
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
71
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
355
4,441
3,075
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
1,366
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.7.6
48
343
209
552
600
600
203
203
323
74
74
LPG
4.5
4.6
36,218
407
407
113
193
2,403
2,403
1,690
542
857
1,375
Other
Petroleum
Products
28,079
3,250
4,877
821
5,698
5,698
2,201
7,997
19,146
1,401
6,751
6,751
27,297
27,293
Gas
5.
28,093
2,416
2,416
2,416
2,416
Hydro
6.
2,894
754
754
754
754
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
25,729
25,729
25,729
3,212
28,941
591
591
29,531
29,531
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
833
2,947
908
3,855
4,688
1,705
6,393
1,810
8,205
8,205
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
95,400
3,657
942
34,146
2,081
36,227
37,169
11,079
17,945
69,850
453
3,560
591
180
495
10,410
11,676
18
85,521
1,907
1,086
1,525
21,367
64,858
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Pakistan
173
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
42,827
2,921
806
Commercial
36,202
20,044
Residential
Others
4,498
Total
7,933
Industry
Transport
Total
76
Nuclear
Others
1,456
Hydro
18,767
10,077
Gas
Biomass
1,958
10,493
Oil
34,176
Coal
Total
Nuclear
18,767
76
Hydro
Others
1,456
Gas
Biomass
2,703
10,077
Oil
1,097
Coal
1990
36,916
2,930
818
20,535
4,665
7,968
38,838
2,433
909
20,962
5,256
9,278
46,892
44,152
19,797
152
1,816
11,537
11,666
1,924
37,722
19,797
152
1,816
11,537
3,182
1,238
1992
19,306
100
1,574
10,642
10,670
1,860
36,171
19,306
100
1,574
10,642
3,328
1,221
1991
41,244
2,734
933
21,726
6,005
9,846
49,321
20,400
130
1,671
12,313
12,675
2,132
38,959
20,400
130
1,671
12,279
3,067
1,412
1993
2,864
1,216
1994
42,514
2,734
962
22,522
6,344
9,952
51,319
20,967
133
1,966
12,384
13,932
1,937
39,522
20,967
133
1,966
12,376
Pakistan Summary Table, 19902009
Table 3.7.7
44,440
2,840
1,051
23,458
6,594
10,497
53,578
21,516
126
1,996
13,159
14,613
2,168
41,046
21,516
126
1,996
13,154
2,800
1,454
1995
45,965
3,253
1,156
23,905
7,287
10,364
56,110
21,955
90
1,794
13,710
16,588
1,973
41,981
21,955
90
1,794
13,707
3,015
1,420
1996
47,029
3,164
1,203
24,801
7,467
10,394
57,497
22,398
98
1,897
13,634
17,576
1,894
42,210
22,398
98
1,897
13,631
2,924
1,262
1997
48,479
3,458
1,236
25,236
7,847
10,702
58,611
22,890
74
1,931
14,192
17,541
1,983
43,330
22,890
74
1,931
14,190
2,861
1,384
1998
50,733
3,528
1,670
26,100
8,298
11,137
61,777
23,462
104
1,659
15,718
18,938
1,896
45,114
23,462
104
1,659
15,716
2,907
1,266
1999
50,943
3,516
1,294
26,750
8,228
11,155
63,524
24,028
520
1,479
16,667
18,968
1,862
46,919
24,028
520
1,479
16,665
2,990
1,237
2000
51,837
3,604
1,351
27,276
8,228
11,378
64,726
24,614
597
1,629
17,419
18,425
2,042
48,977
24,614
597
1,629
17,416
3,390
1,331
2001
53,332
3,755
1,259
27,990
8,346
11,982
65,505
25,215
453
1,922
17,848
17,711
2,356
50,059
25,215
453
1,922
17,840
3,313
1,316
2002
56,535
3,945
1,384
28,721
8,799
13,686
68,703
25,830
459
2,317
22,152
14,784
3,161
55,280
25,830
459
2,317
22,146
3,207
1,321
2003
60,127
4,012
1,536
29,794
9,520
15,265
73,556
26,460
728
2,208
24,264
15,985
3,911
58,828
26,460
728
2,208
24,257
3,445
1,730
2004
62,263
4,304
1,789
30,612
8,919
16,639
76,172
27,106
647
2,654
25,639
16,394
3,732
61,474
27,106
647
2,654
25,637
3,574
1,856
2005
64,909
4,267
1,901
31,670
9,144
17,927
79,549
27,693
596
2,748
25,706
18,528
4,278
61,905
27,693
596
2,748
25,703
3,694
1,471
2006
68,993
4,299
2,011
32,613
11,081
18,989
84,201
28,293
802
2,469
27,151
19,856
5,630
64,211
28,293
802
2,469
27,150
3,819
1,678
2007
69,850
4,599
2,081
34,146
11,079
17,945
85,521
29,531
754
2,416
27,297
21,082
4,441
64,858
29,531
754
2,416
27,293
3,498
1,366
2009
67,773
4,311
2,034
33,172
10,833
17,423
82,774
28,905
422
2,389
26,454
19,995
4,609
63,261
28,905
422
2,389
26,451
3,553
1,541
2008
174
1990
6,009
2,475
Gas
Electricity
Others
8,884
Total
5,779
Gas
Total
2,750
8,396
5,183
16,328
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
3,981
3,591
Oil
16,605
5,624
8,449
2,532
6,394
2,402
18
2,170
Coal
11
9,500
1,081
Own Use
1,349
7,802
8,151
41,076
385
18,303
22,388
36,916
18,976
2,715
6,112
7,670
1,443
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
37,673
Wind
Total
Solar
293
Nuclear
16,925
Hydro
Geothermal
20,455
Thermal
36,202
Others
Total
18,446
Biomass
7,750
Oil
Heat
1,522
Coal
18,600
6,538
9,392
2,670
7,049
3,852
3,179
18
12,326
1,488
10,837
48,810
582
21,112
27,116
38,838
19,460
3,139
6,777
7,986
1,476
1992
19,971
6,877
10,252
2,842
7,178
4,051
3,107
20
13,267
1,721
11,547
50,646
497
19,436
30,713
41,244
20,052
3,214
7,266
9,081
1,631
1993
20,918
6,941
11,300
2,677
7,545
3,691
3,836
18
13,942
1,744
12,198
53,555
511
22,858
30,186
42,514
20,573
3,408
7,560
9,514
1,459
1994
22,299
7,380
11,984
2,935
8,222
3,884
4,159
179
15,023
2,035
12,988
56,957
483
23,206
33,268
44,440
21,086
3,606
8,196
10,014
1,538
1995
23,697
7,476
13,533
2,688
9,228
4,025
5,045
158
16,209
2,360
13,849
59,125
346
20,858
37,921
45,965
21,516
3,690
8,367
10,893
1,499
1996
24,420
7,463
14,387
2,571
9,771
3,696
5,919
156
17,593
2,291
15,302
62,155
375
22,060
39,720
47,029
21,950
3,834
8,916
10,990
1,339
1997
24,537
7,605
14,292
2,640
9,393
3,804
5,403
186
22,128
2,233
19,895
65,428
284
22,449
42,695
48,479
22,432
3,723
9,426
11,481
1,417
1998
26,715
8,506
15,641
2,569
10,805
4,564
6,085
156
20,198
2,640
17,558
65,780
399
19,288
46,093
50,733
22,993
3,919
10,121
12,359
1,341
1999
26,990
9,108
15,352
2,530
11,562
5,128
6,341
93
19,547
3,000
16,547
68,125
1,997
17,194
48,934
50,943
23,547
4,178
10,177
11,666
1,375
2000
27,055
9,529
14,831
2,695
11,985
5,711
6,160
114
21,814
2,930
18,884
72,430
2,291
18,941
51,198
51,837
24,121
4,353
10,677
11,151
1,535
2001
27,332
9,763
14,445
3,124
12,098
6,118
5,883
97
23,058
3,012
20,047
75,704
1,740
22,351
51,613
53,332
24,711
4,529
11,274
11,054
1,764
2002
28,049
12,461
11,823
3,764
11,766
8,990
2,678
98
23,349
3,047
20,302
80,830
1,760
26,944
52,126
56,535
25,314
4,945
12,277
11,334
2,665
2003
31,449
13,754
12,902
4,793
13,256
9,790
3,373
93
24,372
3,302
21,070
85,699
2,795
25,671
57,233
60,127
25,932
5,275
13,860
11,901
3,159
2004
31,773
14,578
12,972
4,223
13,676
9,479
4,120
77
26,233
3,465
22,767
93,832
2,484
30,862
60,486
62,263
26,564
5,814
15,210
11,391
3,284
2005
34,257
14,648
14,920
4,689
14,881
8,208
6,581
92
25,640
3,628
22,012
98,350
2,288
31,953
64,109
64,909
27,139
6,254
16,456
11,112
3,948
2006
37,792
15,478
16,103
6,212
15,086
8,068
6,926
92
22,291
3,686
18,605
95,691
3,077
28,707
63,907
68,993
27,727
6,314
17,715
12,020
5,217
2007
62
71
37,257
15,405
16,953
4,899
15,445
6,751
8,623
36,381
15,007
15,841
5,533
14,901
7,438
7,401
21,047
2,256
2,070
21,256
18,791
95,400
2,894
28,093
64,413
69,850
28,941
6,393
19,146
11,319
4,051
2009
19,186
91,626
1,618
27,784
62,224
67,773
28,327
6,051
18,221
11,211
3,963
2008
Pakistan
175
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
395
315
0.14
852
720
20.2
74.2
257
325
0.15
0.38
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.40
0.16
327
309
72.7
19.6
683
825
0.33
0.40
13.6
412
482
205,045
48,635
56,860
31.1
118,010
1992
0.40
0.17
345
309
75.8
21.0
713
852
0.34
0.41
13.9
425
478
208,649
51,478
57,860
31.3
121,030
1993
0.41
0.17
348
319
79.4
23.0
708
855
0.34
0.41
14.0
418
484
216,447
51,895
60,022
31.6
124,122
1994
0.42
0.18
354
329
80.8
23.4
705
850
0.35
0.42
13.7
476
495
227,189
60,636
63,001
31.8
127,347
1995
0.42
0.18
359
328
81.8
25.2
696
849
0.35
0.43
10
13.5
484
505
238,200
63,320
66,054
32.1
130,737
1996
0.42
0.18
366
332
83.4
26.6
705
862
0.35
0.43
11
13.4
465
497
240,616
62,433
66,725
32.4
134,256
1997
0.42
0.18
359
314
83.7
26.1
708
857
0.35
0.43
11
14.0
451
497
246,752
62,192
68,426
32.6
137,808
1998
0.43
0.19
377
323
84.6
27.0
715
871
0.36
0.44
11
14.0
446
502
255,784
62,974
70,931
32.9
141,261
1999
0.42
0.19
365
336
84.2
26.1
689
859
0.35
0.44
11
13.7
512
512
266,680
73,952
73,952
33.2
144,522
2000
0.42
0.18
359
343
81.6
24.3
687
858
0.35
0.44
11
14.6
490
511
271,967
72,310
75,418
33.5
147,558
2001
0.42
0.18
351
350
81.3
23.6
685
841
0.35
0.44
13
14.8
481
518
280,737
72,307
77,850
33.9
150,407
2002
0.41
0.18
344
376
78.3
19.5
693
842
0.37
0.45
13
15.1
544
533
294,342
83,245
81,623
34.2
153,140
2003
0.43
0.20
359
394
78.4
20.0
686
839
0.39
0.47
13
16.0
629
562
316,031
97,978
87,638
34.6
155,860
2004
0.42
0.20
337
426
78.2
19.3
660
807
0.39
0.48
13
17.2
691
595
340,262
109,600
94,357
34.9
158,645
2005
0.43
0.21
342
450
80.1
22.2
648
794
0.40
0.49
13
17.6
789
620
361,282
127,500
100,186
35.3
161,513
2006
0.45
0.23
357
447
80.8
23.7
652
795
0.42
0.51
13
18.0
871
644
381,814
143,171
105,880
35.7
164,446
2007
0.44
0.22
338
420
82.2
23.6
630
769
0.40
0.49
13
18.6
979
642
387,908
163,892
107,570
36.2
167,442
2008
0.44
0.22
334
436
83.4
24.2
627
767
0.41
0.50
13
17.3
949
654
401,854
161,819
111,437
36.6
170,494
2009
CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatthour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatthour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total
primary energy supply.
0.38
275
68.8
18.1
699
836
0.32
0.32
0.38
0.38
13.6
358
13.8
2000 $)

persons)
459
449
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
45,452
190,375
40,010
181,203
52,792
30.8
114,970
50,249
30.6
1991

million)
111,845
Urban Population, %
1990
176
3.8 Tajikistan
142,550
375.0
6,783
0.2
1.9
12.0


Coal: 6
Gas: 332
Hydro: 1,359
Gas: 31
Coal: 86
Oil: 26
Imports:
338

Exports: 4
Imports: 873
Oil: 502
Coal: 1
Electricity: 370
Transformation
Losses: 102
1,493
(Discrepancy: 20)
1,750
241
Gas: 149
Oil: 498
Coal: 93
Exports: 385
Heat: 86
Electricity: 1,165
Others: 1,087
Commercial: 25
Residential: 254
Transport: 96
Industry: 529
177
178
Table 3.8.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
5,303
5,775
6,173
6,453
6,783
2.3
0.9
0.9
1.4
1.9
Socioeconomic Data
15.7
6.0
6.0
9.7
12.9
426
149
139
216
273
2,961
1,034
969
1,500
1,895
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Source: World Bank.
Table 3.8.2

1,328
1,265
1,545
1,502
Net Imports
897
885
805
818
Total PES
2,225
2,150
2,350
2,320
Coal
15
13
46
93
Oil
388
189
286
500
Gas
510
627
537
363
Biomass
Others
1,312
1,321
1,481
1,364
TPES/capita (toe)
0.39
0.35
0.36
0.34
373
360
243
180
593
462
566
529

Industry
Transportation
69
19
53
96
Other Sectors
1,275
1,323
1,335
1,366
Total FEC
1,937
1,804
1,954
1,991
Coal
15
13
46
93
Oil
386
189
284
498
Gas
270
384
285
149
Electricity
1,192
1,142
1,248
1,165
Biomass
Others
74
76
91
86
Tajikistan
Figure 3.8.1

1994
2009
Industry
26.6%
Industry
29.6%
Others
54.6%
Others
58.5%
Residential
7.1%
Transport
3.5%
Residential
12.8%
Commercial
1.3%
Commercial
1.2%
2,115 ktoe
1,991 ktoe

Figure 3.8.2

1994
2009
Heat Coal
4.4% 1.5%
Heat
4.3%
Coal
4.7%
Oil
19.6%
Electricity
58.3%
2,115 ktoe
Gas
16.2%
Oil
25.0%
Electricity
58.5%
1,991 ktoe
Gas
7.5%
Transport
4.8%
179

3,000
2,500
Others 5
2,000
Hydro 1,435
Hydro 1,359
1,500
ktoe
180
1,000
Gas 363
Gas 648
500
Oil 500
Oil 407
Coal 30
Coal 93
Others 43
500
1994
2009

Figure 3.8.4

1994
Coal
2.7%
Oil
2.2%
2009
Gas
1.7%
Coal
5.7%
Hydro
93.4%
1,537 ktoe
Hydro
90.5%
1,502 ktoe
Oil
1.7%
Gas
2.1%
Tajikistan
Figure 3.8.5

1994
2009
Thermal
1.7%
Thermal
2.0%
Hydro
98.0%
Hydro
98.3%
16,982 GWh
16,127 GWh
Figure 3.8.6

1994
2009
Others
30.5%
Others
34.3%
Industry
45.4%
Industry
50.8%
Commercial
2.1%
Commercial
2.0%
Residential
12.3%
Transport
0.6%
14,326 GWh
Residential
21.8%
Transport
0.2%
13,547 GWh
181
Figure 3.8.7

1994
2009
Coal
4.3%
Coal
13.2%
Gas
30.4%
Oil
43.9%
Gas
51.9%
Oil
56.4%
801 kt C
764 kt C

Figure 3.8.8
19942009
2,500
2,000
1,500
ktoe
1,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
500
1994
182
Tajikistan
Figure 3.8.9
19942009
183

19942009
2,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
2,000
1,500
ktoe
ktoe
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
500

Figure 3.8.11
19942009
Figure 3.8.12
19942009
2007
2006
2005
2003
2002
2001
2004
Others
18,000
1,600
16,000
1,400
14,000
1,200
12,000
GWh
1,000
ktoe
Hydro
2009

Gas
2008
Oil
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
2009
2008
2007
Coal
Heat
2009
Electricity
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Gas
2008
Oil
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Coal
1994
500
1995
800
10,000
8,000
600
6,000
400
4,000
200
Coal

Oil
Gas
Hydro
Thermal
Hydro
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2,000
184
Figure 3.8.13
19942009

200
900
180
800
160
700
140
600
kt C
100
500
400
80
Gas
Coal



Figure 3.8.16
19942009
Oil
150
100
50
1,200
3,000
1,000
2,500
800
2,000
600
1,500
400
1,000
200
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
CO2 emissions
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
500
2009
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

200
2008
Gas
3,500
250
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
100
1996
20
1995
200
1994
40
1995
300
60
1994
ktoe
120
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
47
47
47
3.
4.
19
19
19
24
298
298
57
356
17
17
339
17
360
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
57
57
57
57
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
121
121
121
121
121
65
65
65
65
65
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
47
44
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
Table 3.8.3 Tajikistan Energy Balance Table, 2006
LPG
4.5
4.6
104
104
105
17
17
88
17
109
Other
Petroleum
Products
3,768
234
275
275
11
286
251
251
537
523
14
Gas
5.
16,701
1,436
1,436
1,436
1,436
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
385
275
27
302
687
573
1,262
251
1,456
1,456
52
364
416
Electricity
13.
90
90
90
90
90
Heat
14.
3,768
16,935
1,096
275
27
302
1,398
70
573
2,042
251
141
143
2,431
386
1,303
1,518
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Tajikistan
185
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
82
82
3.
4.
10
10
10
12
403
403
92
496
488
500
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
92
92
92
92
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
193
193
193
193
193
97
97
97
97
97
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
82
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
82
78
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
105
105
106
98
110
Other
Petroleum
Products
3,894
380
276
276
11
287
253
253
541
529
12
Gas
5.
17,114
1,472
1,472
1,472
1,472
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
386
276
27
303
689
575
1,266
21
269
1,505
1,505
366
375
Electricity
13.
93
93
93
93
93
Heat
14.
3,894
17,494
1,241
276
27
303
1,544
105
575
2,225
20
269
127
129
2,603
376
1,409
1,574
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
186
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
90
90
90
3.
4.
12
12
12
14
430
430
89
520
11
11
509
11
524
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
89
89
89
89
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
208
208
208
208
208
125
125
125
125
125
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
90
86
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
89
89
90
11
11
79
11
94
Other
Petroleum
Products
3,601
347
204
204
11
215
233
233
448
419
29
Gas
5.
15,800
1,359
1,359
1,359
1,359
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
374
267
26
293
667
556
1,225
20
260
1,389
1,389
76
380
456
Electricity
13.
86
86
86
86
86
Heat
14.
3,601
16,147
1,185
267
26
293
1,478
102
556
2,137
20
260
117
118
2,495
394
1,405
1,488
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Tajikistan
187
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
92
92
3.
4.
22
22
22
26
414
414
83
498
20
20
478
20
502
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
83
83
83
83
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
219
219
219
219
219
109
109
109
109
109
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
92
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
92
86
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
78
78
79
20
20
59
20
83
Other
Petroleum
Products
3,601
327
138
138
11
149
214
214
363
332
31
Gas
5.
15,800
1,359
1,359
1,359
1,359
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
355
254
25
279
634
529
1,165
20
247
1,387
1,387
365
370
Electricity
13.
86
86
86
86
86
Heat
14.
3,601
16,127
1,086
254
25
279
1,365
96
529
1,991
20
247
100
102
2,320
389
1,211
1,502
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
188
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
1990
Coal
1992
1991
1993
2,115
1,238
25
151
75
626
2,477
43
1,435
648
407
30
1,537
1,435
26
34
42
1994
Table 3.8.7 Tajikistan Summary Table, 19902009
1,937
1,079
23
173
69
593
2,225
57
1,255
510
388
15
1,328
1,255
31
27
15
1995
1,839
1,010
23
170
54
582
2,149
28
1,275
528
311
1,347
1,275
38
27
1996
1,776
1,072
20
204
53
427
2,141
1,179
630
306
17
1,244
1,179
31
27
1997
1,879
1,156
21
248
46
408
2,253
21
1,217
644
356
15
1,270
1,217
25
20
1998
1,862
1,094
25
279
27
437
2,240
16
1,327
640
278
11
1,383
1,327
28
20
1999
1,804
1,019
24
280
19
462
2,150
115
1,206
627
189
13
1,265
1,206
32
18
2000
1,776
985
24
247
35
485
2,121
116
1,222
502
268
13
1,288
1,222
41
16
2001
1,809
962
25
284
44
494
2,131
68
1,304
424
316
19
1,361
1,304
26
16
15
2002
1,823
962
25
259
38
539
2,169
1,405
460
279
24
1,466
1,405
26
16
19
2003
1,961
1,070
26
264
51
550
2,349
30
1,405
536
334
44
1,492
1,405
28
19
40
2004
1,954
1,036
27
272
53
566
2,350
22
1,459
537
286
46
1,545
1,459
22
22
42
2005
2,042
1,097
27
275
70
573
2,431
52
1,436
537
358
48
1,518
1,436
14
24
44
2006
2,225
1,242
27
276
105
575
2,603
1,472
541
498
83
1,574
1,472
12
12
78
2007
1,991
1,087
25
254
96
529
2,320
1,359
363
500
93
1,502
1,359
31
26
86
2009
2,137
1,186
26
267
102
556
2,495
76
1,359
448
521
91
1,488
1,359
29
14
86
2008
Tajikistan
189
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
801
416
351
34
189
189
2,151
2,151
16,982
16,691
291
2,115
94
1,232
343
415
31
1994
670
327
327
16
148
148
1,616
1,616
14,825
14,596
229
1,937
74
1,192
270
386
15
1995
604
338
258
153
153
1,767
1,767
15,062
14,825
237
1,839
77
1,171
279
305
1996
680
403
258
19
184
184
2,047
93
1,953
14,005
13,713
292
1,776
90
1,031
333
305
17
1997
756
413
327
15
181
181
2,198
105
2,093
14,422
14,149
273
1,879
92
1,068
349
356
14
1998
695
416
267
11
192
192
2,314
93
2,221
15,797
15,427
370
1,862
84
1,138
353
277
10
1999
598
402
182
14
148
148
2,233
93
2,140
14,247
14,025
222
1,804
76
1,142
384
189
13
2000
582
322
244
15
140
140
2,279
93
2,186
14,382
14,206
176
1,776
76
1,150
268
268
14
2001
574
271
282
21
97
97
2,419
93
2,326
15,302
15,164
138
1,809
81
1,169
225
315
19
2002
575
295
254
26
105
105
2,616
93
2,523
16,509
16,336
173
1,823
88
1,188
245
278
24
2003
690
343
299
48
142
142
2,547
93
2,453
16,491
16,339
152
1,961
87
1,212
285
333
44
2004
651
343
257
50
137
137
2,837
93
2,744
17,090
16,967
123
1,954
91
1,248
285
284
46
2005
714
344
318
52
139
139
2,837
93
2,744
16,935
16,701
234
2,042
90
1,262
286
356
48
2006
872
346
436
90
137
137
3,047
93
2,953
17,494
17,114
380
2,225
93
1,266
287
496
83
2007
764
233
431
101
107
107
838
287
453
99
126
126
2,814
93
93
2,953
2,721
16,127
15,800
327
1,991
86
1,165
149
498
93
2009
2,860
16,147
15,800
347
2,137
86
1,225
215
520
91
2008
190
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
36.2
39.1
346
270
10,357
1,909
1,490
30.6
5,519
1992
38.5
294
222
8,658
1,647
1,246
30.0
5,608
1993
0.32
0.14
817
2,517
91.6
37.9
2,157
2,526
0.37
0.44
33.5
236
172
6,814
1,346
981
29.5
5,692
1994
0.30
0.12
780
2,400
93.0
40.3
2,255
2,590
0.34
0.39
33.1
213
149
5,969
1,232
859
28.9
5,775
1995
0.28
0.10
844
2,324
91.3
37.3
2,570
3,003
0.31
0.37
30 .2
178
122
4,972
1,044
716
28.4
5,860
1996
0.32
0.11
934
2,017
91.2
41.9
2,441
2,942
0.30
0.36
29 .1
155
122
5,057
922
728
27.9
5,945
1997
0.34
0.13
986
2,061
94.4
43.6
2,452
2,940
0.31
0.37
29.9
219
127
5,325
1,320
766
27.5
6,028
1998
0.31
0.11
874
2,168
92.8
38.3
2,343
2,819
0.31
0.37
30.3
178
130
5,522
1,087
795
27.0
6,104
1999
0.28
0.10
695
2,152
90.5
41.2
2,096
2,498
0.29
0.35
30.8
139
139
5,980
861
861
26.5
6,173
2000
0.27
0.09
614
2,146
94.0
39.3
1,873
2,237
0.28
0.34
23
31.5
173
152
6,590
1,081
948
26.5
6,233
2001
0.27
0.09
554
2,163
94.9
36.1
1,748
2,060
0.29
0.34
27
32.4
194
165
7,190
1,221
1,035
26.5
6,286
2002
0.27
0.09
505
2,180
94.3
32.4
1,599
1,902
0.29
0.34
29
32.3
245
180
7,923
1,554
1,140
26.4
6,337
2003
0.29
0.11
547
2,205
94.3
36.5
1,555
1,863
0.31
0.37
29
32.5
325
197
8,763
2,076
1,261
26.4
6,391
2004
0.28
0.10
467
2,249
92.3
34.3
1,402
1,687
0.30
0.36
30
31.4
358
216
9,682
2,312
1,393
26.4
6,453
2005
0.29
0.11
480
2,249
93.3
37.6
1,374
1,635
0.31
0.37
30
31.8
434
228
10,330
2,830
1,487
26.4
6,525
2006
0.33
0.13
548
2,229
97.6
39.5
1,399
1,636
0.34
0.39
30
31.5
563
241
11,053
3,719
1,591
26.4
6,604
2007
0.34
0.13
489
2,129
97.3
40.4
1,246
1,455
0.32
0.37
31
30.9
771
256
11,916
5,161
1,715
26.5
6,691
2008
0.33
0.11
413
1,997
94.8
35.3
1,076
1,254
0.29
0.34
30
30.4
734
273
12,857
4,978
1,850
26.5
6,783
2009
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
496
34.3
468
387
426
2000 $)
2,536
14,587
2,629
15,702
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
2,099
31.1
5,419
1991
2,260
31.7

million)
5,303
Urban Population, %
1990
Tajikistan
191
3.9 Turkmenistan
488,100
4,980
296.6
600.0
9.5
100.0

Oil: 9,841
Gas: 31,063

Transformation
Losses: 4,606
Oil: 88
Exports: 18,003
Imports: 88
8,651
SECONDARY
COMMODITIES: 8,739
(Discrepancy: 1)
4,350
7,223
Gas: 7,223
Oil: 3,366
Exports: 3,405
Electricity: 800
Type: 11,573
192
Others: 3,487
Commercial: 5,494
Industry: 918
Transport: 1,506
Residential: 168
Sector: 11,573
Heat: 184
Turkmenistan
Table 3.9.1
193

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
3,668
4,188
4,501
4,748
4,980
3.8
2.4
2.9
6.3
9.5
13.8
8.6
10.5
22.6
34.3
Socioeconomic Data
1,042
569
645
1,323
1,912
3,749
2,047
2,322
4,762
6,881
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Source: World Bank.
Table 3.9.2

32,835
45,968
61,137
40,904
Net Imports
18,939
31,461
42,627
21,320
Total PES
13,896
14,507
18,510
19,584
Coal
Oil
2,866
3,677
4,369
4,649
Gas
11,204
10,899
14,249
15,070
Biomass
Others
174
69
108
135
TPES/capita (toe)
3.32
3.22
3.90
3.93
1,621
1,388
819
572
440
459
594
918

Industry
Transportation
1,251
1,858
2,401
1,506
Other Sectors
7,252
5,945
7,381
9,149
Total FEC
8,943
8,262
10,376
11,573
Coal
Oil
2,293
2,666
3,131
3,366
Gas
6,221
4,981
6,455
7,223
Electricity
429
502
642
800
Biomass
Others
113
148
184
194
Figure 3.9.1

1994
2009
Industry
7.9%
Industry
4.8%
Transport
14.9%
Others
29.3%
Commercial
50.0%
Residential
1.0%
Transport
13.0%
Others
30.1%
Commercial
47.5%
8,911 ktoe
11,573 ktoe

Figure 3.9.2

1994
Electricity
4.9%
2009
Heat
0.0%
Electricity
6.9%
Heat
1.6%
Oil
28.9%
Gas
66.3%
8,911 ktoe
Oil
29.1%
Gas
62.4%
11,573 ktoe
Residential
1.5%
Turkmenistan
20,000
15,000
ktoe
Gas 15,070
10,000
Gas 10,634
5,000
Oil 4,649
Oil 3,120
0
5,000
Others 228
Others 135
1994
2009

Figure 3.9.4

1994
2009
Oil
11.0%
Gas
89.0%
32,850 ktoe
Oil
24.1%
Gas
75.9%
40,904 ktoe
195
196
Figure 3.9.5

1994
2009
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
100.0%
16,982 GWh
16,127 GWh
Figure 3.9.6

1994
Others
40.3%
2009
Industry
36.2%
Residential
21.0%
5,047 GWh
Transport
2.5%
Industry
36.0%
Others
40.5%
Residential
21.0%
9,302 GWh
Transport
2.5%
Turkmenistan
Figure 3.9.7

1994
2009
Oil
28.3%
Oil
27.1%
Gas
72.9%
Gas
71.7%
9,345 kt C
13,469 kt C

Figure 3.9.8
19942009
14,000
12,000
10,000
ktoe
8,000
6,000
4,000
Industry
Transport
Residential

Commercial
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2,000
197
198
Figure 3.9.9
19942009

19902009
14,000
25,000
12,000
20,000
10,000
15,000
ktoe
ktoe
8,000
10,000
6,000
5,000
4,000

Figure 3.9.11
19942009
Figure 3.9.12
19942009
Hydro
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Gas
2009

1999
Oil
2008
Coal
Heat
1998
1997
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
Electricity
2009
Gas
2002
2001
2000
1999
Oil
5,000
2008
Coal
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1994
2,000
Others
18,000
70,000
16,000
60,000
14,000
50,000
12,000
ktoe
GWh
40,000
30,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
20,000
4,000
10,000
Oil

Gas
Hydro
Thermal
Hydro
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2,000
Turkmenistan
Figure 3.9.13
19942009
199

6,000
16,000
14,000
5,000
12,000
4,000
kt C
ktoe
10,000
3,000
8,000
6,000
2,000
4,000
1,000
Gas
Coal

Oil
Gas

Figure 3.9.16
19942009

350
7,000
300
6,000

5,000
200
150
100
50
4,000
5,000
3,500
3,000
4,000
2,500
3,000
2,000
1,500
2,000
1,000
1,000
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
CO2 emissions
1995
TPES
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
TFEC
1994
GDP
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
500
0
4,500
250
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2,000
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
600
6,382
6,382
6,982
1,507
8,489
2,252
2,252
767
3,019
487
6,343
6,343
2,837
2,925
88
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
767
767
1,329
1,329
562
562
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
943
943
943
2,556
2,556
1,613
1,613
917
917
917
1,667
1,667
750
750
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
Table 3.9.3 Turkmenistan Energy Balance Table, 2006
88
88
88
88
88
LPG
4.5
4.6
304
304
304
487
791
791
Other
Petroleum
Products
6,573
13,647
378
4,407
4,407
4,785
1,570
378
6,733
2,860
5,267
5,267
14,859
36,641
51,500
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
277
143
143
420
17
246
683
376
1,174
1,174
115
115
Electricity
13.
157
157
157
157
157
Heat
14.
6,573
13,650
3,064
143
4,407
4,550
7,614
2,354
624
10,592
4,323
39
3,936
3,975
18,889
41,188
88
59,989
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
200
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
688
7,135
7,135
7,824
1,909
9,733
2,508
2,508
858
3,366
545
7,093
7,093
3,182
3,270
88
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
858
858
1,486
1,486
628
628
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,055
1,055
1,055
2,858
2,858
1,803
1,803
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,864
1,864
839
839
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
88
88
88
88
88
LPG
4.5
4.6
340
340
340
545
885
885
Other
Petroleum
Products
7,201
14,877
509
5,942
5,942
6,451
1,658
443
8,552
3,114
5,742
5,742
17,408
38,676
56,084
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
301
156
156
457
19
268
744
410
1,279
1,279
126
126
Electricity
13.
172
172
172
172
172
Heat
14.
7,201
14,880
3,490
156
5,942
6,098
9,588
2,535
711
12,834
4,757
42
4,291
4,333
21,924
43,981
88
65,817
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Turkmenistan
201
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
778
7,817
7,817
8,595
2,412
11,007
2,740
2,740
940
3,680
597
7,771
7,771
3,494
3,582
88
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
940
940
1,628
1,628
688
688
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,156
1,156
1,156
3,131
3,131
1,975
1,975
1,123
1,123
1,123
2,042
2,042
919
919
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
88
88
88
88
88
LPG
4.5
4.6
373
373
373
597
970
970
Other
Petroleum
Products
7,243
15,037
474
5,529
5,529
6,003
1,710
446
8,159
3,187
6,160
6,160
17,506
39,898
57,404
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
305
158
158
463
19
271
753
414
1,293
1,293
127
127
Electricity
13.
173
173
173
173
173
Heat
14.
7,243
15,040
3,692
158
5,529
5,687
9,379
2,669
717
12,765
4,976
46
4,694
4,740
22,480
46,019
88
68,411
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
202
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
696
7,135
7,135
7,831
2,010
9,841
2,508
2,508
858
3,366
545
7,093
7,093
3,182
3,270
88
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
858
858
1,486
1,486
628
628
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,055
1,055
1,055
2,858
2,858
1,803
1,803
1,025
1,025
1,025
1,864
1,864
839
839
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
88
88
88
88
88
LPG
4.5
4.6
340
340
340
545
885
885
Other
Petroleum
Products
7,704
15,977
471
5,494
5,494
5,965
628
630
7,223
1,725
6,122
6,122
15,070
15,993
31,063
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
324
168
168
492
20
288
800
440
1,374
1,374
135
135
Electricity
13.
184
184
184
184
184
Heat
14.
7,704
15,980
3,487
168
5,494
5,662
9,149
1,506
918
11,573
3,406
42
4,564
4,606
19,584
21,408
88
40,904
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Turkmenistan
203
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
1990
Coal
1992
1991
1993
8,911
2,611
4,455
91
1,326
428
13,526
228
10,634
3,120
32,850
29,237
3,613
1994
Table 3.9.7 Turkmenistan Summary Table, 19902009
8,943
2,400
4,762
90
1,251
440
13,896
174
11,204
2,866
32,835
29,072
3,763
1995
7,971
2,505
3,653
85
1,351
377
12,190
241
9,059
3,328
44
32,855
28,503
4,352
1996
8,104
2,675
4,325
70
678
356
12,240
297
9,246
3,291
19,800
14,031
5,769
1997
8,027
2,649
4,180
95
718
385
12,084
112
8,752
3,443
18,115
10,740
7,374
1998
9,249
2,792
4,915
87
1,033
422
14,308
120
10,711
3,717
26,331
18,588
7,743
1999
8,262
2,586
3,254
105
1,858
459
14,507
69
10,899
3,677
45,968
38,202
7,766
2000
8,369
2,643
3,126
111
2,008
481
15,121
90
11,399
3,812
50,390
41,770
8,620
2001
8,434
2,665
3,085
112
2,085
487
15,370
91
11,563
3,898
52,862
43,562
9,300
2002
9,804
3,018
3,822
113
2,329
522
17,172
92
12,832
4,432
58,551
48,170
10,381
2003
10,009
2,989
4,085
125
2,251
559
17,667
101
13,492
4,276
57,829
47,690
10,139
2004
10,376
3,098
4,148
135
2,401
594
18,510
108
14,249
4,369
61,137
51,297
9,840
2005
10,592
3,064
4,407
143
2,354
624
18,889
115
14,859
4,145
59,989
51,500
8,489
2006
12,834
3,490
5,942
156
2,535
711
21,924
126
17,408
4,642
65,817
56,084
9,733
2007
11,573
3,487
5,494
168
1,506
918
19,584
135
15,070
4,649
40,904
31,063
9,841
2009
12,765
3,692
5,529
158
2,669
717
22,480
127
17,506
5,101
68,411
57,404
11,007
2008
204
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
9,345
6,813
2,533
3,705
3,705
1,640
663
977
10,496
10,492
8,911
434
5,905
2,572
1994
9,476
7,178
2,299
3,904
3,904
1,860
651
1,209
9,800
9,796
8,943
429
6,221
2,293
1995
8,377
5,803
2,526
48
3,156
3,156
1,744
616
1,128
10,100
10,095
7,971
403
5,030
2,494
44
1996
8,520
5,922
2,598
2,958
2,958
1,430
500
930
9,498
9,493
8,104
209
335
5,136
2,424
1997
8,482
5,607
2,875
2,806
2,806
1,930
674
1,256
9,416
9,410
8,027
195
449
4,860
2,523
1998
9,911
6,861
3,049
3,500
3,500
1,767
616
1,151
8,860
8,855
9,249
186
414
5,947
2,702
1999
9,998
6,982
3,016
3,656
3,656
2,163
756
1,407
9,845
9,840
8,262
113
502
4,981
2,666
2000
10,431
7,302
3,129
3,942
3,942
2,267
791
1,477
10,610
10,607
8,369
122
530
4,986
2,731
2001
10,605
7,406
3,199
3,974
3,974
2,302
802
1,500
10,700
10,697
8,434
123
535
5,014
2,762
2002
11,858
8,220
3,638
4,011
4,011
2,326
814
1,512
10,800
10,797
9,804
124
540
5,991
3,149
2003
12,151
8,643
3,508
4,428
4,428
2,558
895
1,663
11,920
11,917
10,009
137
596
6,245
3,031
2004
12,716
9,128
3,588
4,762
4,762
2,756
965
1,791
12,820
12,817
10,376
148
642
6,455
3,131
2005
12,919
9,519
3,400
5,071
5,071
2,930
1,023
1,907
13,650
13,647
10,592
157
683
6,733
3,019
2006
14,961
11,152
3,809
5,527
5,527
3,198
1,116
2,081
14,880
14,877
12,834
172
744
8,552
3,366
2007
13,469
9,654
3,816
5,892
5,892
15,402
11,214
4,188
5,944
5,944
3,430
1,198
1,128
3,233
2,233
15,980
15,977
11,573
184
800
7,223
3,366
2009
2,105
15,040
15,037
12,765
173
753
8,159
3,680
2008
Turkmenistan
205
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
7.2
18.5
824
888
12,411
3,201
3,448
45.2
3,882
1992
13.3
796
777
11,170
3,179
3,104
45.2
3,992
1993
0.69
2.28
3,641
1,232
15.8
142.9
3,472
5,270
2.18
3.30
10.9
625
627
9,237
2,561
2,567
45.3
4,096
1994
0.68
2.26
3,979
1,191
31.3
136.3
3,755
5,834
2.14
3.32
15.3
593
569
8,572
2,482
2,382
45.3
4,188
1995
0.69
1.96
3,770
1,098
30.8
169.5
3,587
5,486
1.87
2.86
17.9
558
521
7,998
2,379
2,222
45.4
4,268
1996
0.70
1.96
4,322
899
75.3
61.8
4,111
6,210
1.87
2.82
10.9
565
455
7,094
2,450
1,971
45.5
4,336
1997
0.70
1.93
4,033
1,188
114.2
49.9
3,817
5,746
1.83
2.75
9.5
593
479
7,569
2,606
2,103
45.6
4,395
1998
0.69
2.23
4,046
1,082
108.3
84.0
3,776
5,842
2.08
3.22
9.9
551
550
8,815
2,451
2,449
45.7
4,449
1999
0.69
2.22
3,442
1,297
111.2
216.9
2,844
4,994
1.84
3.22
9.8
645
645
10,454
2,905
2,905
45.8
4,501
2000
0.69
2.29
2,982
1,354
126.1
233.2
2,393
4,323
1.84
3.32
20
8.6
777
768
12,589
3,535
3,498
46.1
4,552
2001
0.69
2.31
2,618
1,353
138.6
243.9
2,082
3,794
1.83
3.34
22
6.9
970
881
14,578
4,462
4,051
46.4
4,600
2002
0.69
2.55
2,500
1,351
134.2
241.0
2,067
3,620
2.11
3.69
22
6.0
1,286
1,021
17,071
5,977
4,743
46.7
4,648
2003
0.69
2.59
2,186
1,476
137.1
227.3
1,800
3,178
2.13
3.76
22
5 .3
1,456
1,184
20,008
6,838
5,559
47.0
4,697
2004
0.69
2.68
2,024
1,573
125.2
230.3
1,652
2,947
2.19
3.90
22
5.1
1,707
1,323
22,609
8,104
6,282
47.3
4,748
2005
0.68
2.69
1,846
1,654
104.8
217.6
1,514
2,699
2.21
3.93
22
5.0
2,140
1,457
25,186
10,278
6,998
47.7
4,802
2006
0.68
3.08
1,912
1,781
109.7
200.2
1,640
2,802
2.64
4.51
22
5.2
2,606
1,610
28,158
12,664
7,824
48.2
4,859
2007
0.69
3.13
1,716
1,781
115.8
204.3
1,422
2,505
2.60
4.57
22
7.2
3,918
1,825
32,297
19,272
8,974
48.6
4,918
2008
0.69
2.70
1,415
1,868
111.7
108.9
1,215
2,057
2.32
3.93
22
7.2
3,745
1,912
34,267
18,651
9,521
49.1
4,980
2009
6.9
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
881
848
965
1,042
2000 $)
3,197
13,105
3,232
13,751
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
3,641
45.1
3,772
1991
3,821
45.1

million)
3,668
Urban Population, %
1990
206
3.10 Uzbekistan

447,400
1,900.0
27,767
61.6
24.8
594.0


Oil: 4
Gas: 686
Hydro: 802
Gas: 53,799
Oil: 4,804
Coal: 1,289
Coal: 70
Imports: 760

(Discrepancy: 2)
Imports: 996
Electricity: 996
Transformation
Losses: 8,606
Oil: 19
Exports: 12,357
Others: 19
10,823
11,838
Transfers: 16
26,387
9,472
(Discrepancy: 157)
Heat: 2,383
Electricity: 3,540
Gas: 25,864
Others: 6,950
Commercial: 3,044
Residential: 14,524
Transport: 3,533
Industry: 7,808
Coal: 442
Oil: 3,630
Exports: 1,284
207
208
Table 3.10.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
20,510
22,785
24,650
26,167
27,767
14.0
11.4
13.8
17.9
24.8
41.1
33.3
40.2
52.4
72.5

685
500
558
684
893
2,002
1,462
1,632
2,001
2,611
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Source: World Bank.
Table 3.10.2

48,654
54,945
56,395
60,694
Net Imports
6,084
4,203
9,446
11,885
Total PES
42,570
50,742
46,949
48,809
Coal
1,068
1,247
1,121
1,346
Oil
6,978
7,329
5,301
4,527
Gas
34,103
41,550
39,792
42,141
Biomass
Others
421
616
735
795
TPES/capita (toe)
1.87
2.06
1.79
1.76
1,278
1,261
897
673
Industry
6,825
7,988
7,695
7,808
Transportation
2,813
3,899
3,361
3,533
Other Sectors
23,093
25,388
22,905
24,518
Total FEC
32,731
37,275
33,961
35,859
Coal
325
387
234
442
Oil
4,787
4,709
3,659
3,630
Gas
21,763
26,214
24,206
25,864
Electricity
3,260
3,420
3,489
3,540
Biomass
Others
2,596
2,545
2,373
2,383
Uzbekistan
Figure 3.10.1

1994
2009
Transport
6.3%
Industry
4.4%
Residential
1.7%
Commercial
0.6%
Others
19.4%
Industry
21.8%
Commercial
8.5%
Others
87.0%
Transport
9.9%
Residential
40.5%
34,417 ktoe
35,859 ktoe

Figure 3.10.2

1994
2009
Coal
1.2%
Coal
1.7%
Heat
7.8%
Electricity
9.5%
Heat
6.6%
Oil
15.4%
Gas
65.6%
34,417 ktoe
Electricity
9.9%
Oil
10.1%
Gas
72.1%
35,859 ktoe
209

60,000
50,000
Hydro 802
Hydro 615
40,000
30,000
Gas 36,040
ktoe
210
Gas 42,141
20,000
10,000
Oil 7,965
Coal 1,908
10,000
Oil 4,527
Coal 1,346
Others 34
Others 7
1994
2009

Figure 3.10.4

1994
Hydro
1.3%
2009
Coal
3.6%
Hydro
1.3%
Coal
2.1%
Oil
7.9%
Oil
12.0%
Gas
83.1%
46,104 ktoe
Gas
88.6%
60,694 ktoe
Uzbekistan
Figure 3.10.5

1994
2009
Hydro
15.0%
Hydro
18.7%
Thermal
85.0%
Thermal
81.3%
47,800 GWh
49,900 GWh
Figure 3.10.6

1994
2009
Others
27.0%
Others
32.5%
Industry
38.3%
Industry
46.2%
Commercial
5.9%
Residential
18.0%
Commercial
7.7%
Residential
18.1%
Transport
3.3%
Transport
2.9%
38,209 GWh
41,163 GWh
211
Figure 3.10.7

1994
2009
Coal
5.1%
Coal
7.5%
Oil
9.9%
Oil
17.5%
Gas
75.0%
Gas
85.0%
29,146 kt C
30,535 kt C

Figure 3.10.8
19942009
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
ktoe
20,000
15,000
10,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
5,000
1994
212
Others
Uzbekistan
Figure 3.10.9
19942009
213

19942009
60,000
40,000
35,000
50,000
30,000
40,000
25,000
ktoe
ktoe
30,000
20,000
20,000
15,000
Gas
2007
2006
2005
2003
2002
2004
Others
Hydro


Figure 3.10.11
19942009
Figure 3.10.12 Electricity Generation by Source,

19942009
2009
Oil
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
Coal
2008
Heat
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
Electricity
2009
Gas
2002
2001
2000
1999
Oil
2008
Coal
1998
1997
10,000
1996
1995
1994
5,000
1994
10,000
10,000
60,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
50,000
40,000
ktoe
GWh
40,000
30,000
30,000
20,000
20,000
Coal

Oil
Gas
Hydro
Thermal
Hydro
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1994
10,000
10,000
214
Figure 3.10.13
19942009

12,000
35,000
30,000
10,000
25,000
8,000
kt C
ktoe
20,000
6,000
15,000
4,000



Figure 3.10.16
19942009
180
4,000
Energy Intensity
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
Carbon Intensity

2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2001
500
CO2 Emissions
1,000
1,000
500
TPES
2002
1,500
20
TFEC
2001
1,500
2,000
2000
40
2,500
1999
60
2,000
1998
80
3,000
1997
100
2,500
1996
120
3,500
1995
140
Gas
3,000
1994
160
Oil
4,500
200
GDP
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2003
2004
Coal
Gas
2003
Oil
2002
Coal
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
0
1996
1995
5,000
1994
2,000
1994
10,000
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
4,605
2,081
167
14
14
181
104
285
3.
4.
95
95
77
5,411
5,411
19
5,601
5,597
6,657
2,985
477
908
18
18
926
1,894
232
3,529
104
215
5,053
922
4,131
21
304
304
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
36
37
1,309
64
1,410
1,442
1,442
32
32
60
61
15
76
86
77
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
788
793
343
122
1,258
1,460
1,457
198
198
102
14
1,032
910
122
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
905
905
1,205
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
11
74
1,142
Coal
1.
Uzbekistan Energy Balance Table, 2006
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.10.3
11
10
10
21
30
21
LPG
4.5
4.6
477
10
11
233
28
749
201
1,024
1,024
74
74
Other
Petroleum
Products
91,314
36,694
401
153
14,283
2,857
17,140
17,293
1,387
6,310
25,391
3,405
12,775
12,775
41,570
10,273
893
50,950
Gas
5.
9,160
788
788
788
788
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
1,174
655
280
935
2,109
119
1,384
3,612
760
4,379
4,379
1,024
1,016
Electricity
13.
2,450
2,450
2,450
2,449
2,449
Heat
14.
102,577
50,920
973
4,852
14,970
3,137
18,107
22,959
3,400
8,030
35,362
101
4,471
358
8,562
8,920
48,852
11,612
1,987
58,477
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Uzbekistan
215
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
4,438
2,000
249
15
15
129
393
14
3.
4.
87
87
70
4,911
4,911
17
5,085
5,081
4,564
2,044
433
827
17
17
844
1,879
219
3,375
73
192
4,533
632
3,901
19
280
280
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
37
38
1,347
66
1,451
1,484
1,484
33
33
54
55
14
69
78
70
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
714
719
313
111
1,143
1,326
1,324
180
180
71
10
707
622
85
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
264
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
871
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
871
1,278
12
70
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
1,220
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.10.4
11
20
27
19
LPG
4.5
4.6
433
10
212
26
681
182
930
930
67
67
Other
Petroleum
Products
94,119
38,506
110
155
14,456
2,891
17,347
17,502
1,404
6,386
25,402
3,322
13,351
13,351
42,074
11,938
1,072
52,940
Gas
5.
6,400
550
550
550
550
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
1,129
630
269
899
2,028
114
1,330
3,472
731
4,210
4,210
984
977
Electricity
13.
2,463
2,463
2,463
2,464
2,464
Heat
14.
103,121
48,950
630
4,823
15,118
3,160
18,278
23,101
3,397
8,064
35,192
73
4,329
378
8,730
9,108
48,700
13,214
2,123
59,791
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
216
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
4,480
2,018
199
14
14
213
144
357
3.
4.
84
84
68
4,812
4,812
17
4,980
4,976
3,224
1,456
423
798
17
17
815
1,919
216
3,373
54
186
4,318
451
3,867
19
273
273
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
38
39
1,407
69
1,515
1,549
1,549
34
34
52
53
14
67
76
68
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
684
689
301
107
1,097
1,272
1,270
173
173
52
503
441
62
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
878
878
1,250
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
11
91
1,170
Coal
1.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.10.5
13
22
26
19
LPG
4.5
4.6
423
10
207
25
665
179
910
910
66
66
Other
Petroleum
Products
90,895
34,566
1,767
160
14,971
2,994
17,965
18,125
1,454
6,614
27,960
3,440
12,173
12,173
43,574
12,181
858
54,897
Gas
5.
11,360
977
977
977
977
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
1,140
635
272
907
2,047
115
1,342
3,504
737
4,249
4,249
993
986
Electricity
13.
2,355
2,355
2,355
2,354
2,354
Heat
14.
98,599
49,400
2,274
4,652
15,637
3,266
18,903
23,555
3,488
8,316
37,633
55
4,445
494
7,876
8,370
50,501
13,458
1,939
62,020
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Uzbekistan
217
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
4,522
2,038
318
16
16
108
442
15
3.
4.
81
81
65
4,646
4,646
16
4,808
4,804
2,303
1,037
409
826
17
17
843
2,071
226
3,549
158
180
4,469
320
4,149
19
281
281
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
41
42
1,552
76
1,670
1,707
1,707
37
37
50
51
13
64
73
65
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
710
715
317
111
1,143
1,325
1,324
180
180
156
477
311
166
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
334
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
888
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
888
1,346
13
70
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
1,289
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 3.10.6
14
23
25
18
LPG
4.5
4.6
409
10
200
25
644
173
879
879
64
64
Other
Petroleum
Products
92,947
37,495
1,634
148
13,849
2,770
16,619
16,767
1,345
6,118
25,864
3,183
13,093
13,093
42,141
12,344
686
53,799
Gas
5.
9,330
802
802
802
802
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
1,151
642
274
916
2,067
117
1,356
3,540
745
4,291
4,291
1,003
996
Electricity
13.
2,383
2,383
2,383
2,383
2,383
Heat
14.
99,771
49,900
2,124
4,826
14,524
3,044
17,568
22,394
3,533
7,808
35,859
159
4,188
177
8,429
8,606
48,809
13,641
1,756
60,694
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
218
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1992
1991
1993
34,417
29,941
193
592
2,172
1,519
46,494
34
615
36,040
7,965
1,908
46,104
615
38,315
5,527
1,647
1994
Uzbekistan Summary Table, 19902009
Table 3.10.7
32,731
9,748
2,318
11,027
2,813
6,825
42,570
111
532
34,103
6,978
1,068
48,654
532
39,488
7,558
1,076
1995
32,484
8,846
1,532
13,026
3,549
5,531
44,099
94
561
35,403
6,845
1,196
49,088
561
39,782
7,745
1,000
1996
33,334
9,142
2,804
13,366
3,568
4,454
44,849
80
497
35,948
7,341
983
51,301
497
41,615
8,152
1,037
1997
37,258
7,653
3,084
14,768
3,855
7,898
49,840
91
495
41,110
7,116
1,028
54,397
495
44,494
8,379
1,029
1998
38,236
7,934
3,158
15,150
3,932
8,062
51,185
102
490
42,234
7,338
1,021
55,029
490
45,137
8,356
1,046
1999
37,275
7,333
3,120
14,935
3,899
7,988
50,742
110
506
41,550
7,329
1,247
54,945
506
45,802
7,731
906
2000
37,599
7,333
3,164
15,155
3,878
8,069
51,055
43
512
42,193
7,028
1,279
55,505
512
46,629
7,415
949
2001
39,118
7,567
3,327
15,951
3,840
8,433
53,180
532
44,464
6,914
1,277
56,224
532
47,449
7,285
958
2002
37,533
6,940
3,176
15,191
4,100
8,126
51,282
655
42,258
7,394
982
56,289
655
47,151
7,813
670
2003
35,992
6,591
3,094
14,777
3,564
7,966
49,889
775
41,026
6,933
1,162
57,136
775
48,060
7,318
983
2004
33,961
5,566
3,005
14,334
3,361
7,695
46,949
742
39,792
5,301
1,121
56,395
742
48,969
5,601
1,083
2005
35,362
5,825
3,137
14,970
3,400
8,030
48,852
788
41,570
5,297
1,205
58,477
788
50,950
5,597
1,142
2006
35,192
5,453
3,160
15,118
3,397
8,064
48,700
550
42,074
4,805
1,278
59,791
550
52,940
5,081
1,220
2007
35,859
6,950
3,044
14,524
3,533
7,808
48,809
802
42,141
4,527
1,346
60,694
802
53,799
4,804
1,289
2009
37,633
6,926
3,266
15,637
3,488
8,316
50,501
977
43,574
4,707
1,250
62,020
977
54,897
4,976
1,170
2008
Uzbekistan
219
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
29,146
21,870
5,098
2,178
11,679
9,044
1,431
1,205
6,965
2,628
4,337
47,800
7,156
40,644
34,417
2,675
3,286
22,562
5,298
596
1994
26,545
20,160
5,141
1,244
9,797
7,914
1,269
614
6,953
2,814
4,140
47,453
6,188
41,265
32,731
2,596
3,260
21,763
4,787
325
1995
27,367
20,910
5,065
1,392
9,597
7,385
1,525
688
6,721
2,663
4,058
45,419
6,525
38,894
32,484
2,576
3,311
21,873
4,402
322
1996
27,419
20,979
5,290
1,150
10,007
7,737
1,609
662
6,698
2,686
4,012
46,054
5,777
40,277
33,334
2,390
3,349
22,632
4,778
185
1997
31,826
25,301
5,328
1,197
10,912
8,692
1,529
692
6,826
2,674
4,151
45,900
5,758
40,142
37,258
2,550
3,336
26,325
4,858
189
1998
32,152
25,842
5,122
1,188
10,722
8,780
1,255
688
6,767
2,651
4,116
45,372
5,692
39,680
38,236
2,527
3,307
27,280
4,933
189
1999
32,132
25,825
4,859
1,449
11,082
9,193
1,182
707
6,988
2,733
4,256
46,864
5,879
40,985
37,275
2,545
3,420
26,214
4,709
387
2000
32,449
26,221
4,751
1,477
11,226
9,343
1,166
716
6,977
2,733
4,244
47,500
5,959
41,541
37,599
2,568
3,408
26,626
4,579
418
2001
33,571
27,535
4,560
1,476
11,618
9,739
1,136
743
7,151
2,802
4,349
49,310
6,186
43,124
39,118
2,655
3,497
28,206
4,376
384
2002
32,432
26,401
4,898
1,134
11,386
9,614
1,028
744
7,163
2,802
4,360
49,400
7,620
41,780
37,533
2,521
3,503
26,447
4,971
91
2003
31,415
25,776
4,298
1,340
11,277
9,571
952
754
7,244
2,837
4,407
50,000
9,010
40,990
35,992
2,434
3,547
25,448
4,303
260
2004
30,244
25,307
3,644
1,293
11,244
9,710
793
741
7,128
2,791
4,337
49,200
8,630
40,570
33,961
2,373
3,489
24,206
3,659
234
2005
31,305
26,372
3,545
1,388
11,540
10,049
723
768
7,384
2,895
4,488
50,920
9,160
41,760
35,362
2,450
3,612
25,391
3,624
285
2006
31,522
26,882
3,169
1,471
11,775
10,541
496
739
7,093
2,779
4,314
48,950
6,400
42,550
35,192
2,463
3,472
25,402
3,462
393
2007
30,535
25,947
3,035
1,552
11,322
10,318
251
753
31,224
26,780
3,006
1,438
10,558
9,459
355
744
7,233
2,837
2,802
7,151
4,395
49,900
9,330
40,570
35,859
2,383
3,540
25,864
3,630
442
2009
4,349
49,400
11,360
38,040
37,633
2,355
3,504
27,960
3,457
357
2008
220
651
11.7
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
659
13.1
13.3
604
579
36,287
12,954
12,409
39.4
21,449
1992
11.8
597
553
35,452
13,100
12,124
39.1
21,942
1993
0.63
1.30
2,536
1,708
30.6
0.8
2,994
4,045
1.54
2.08
10.2
576
514
33,608
12,899
11,494
38.7
22,377
1994
0.62
1.17
2,331
1,664
8.3
14.3
2,874
3,737
1.44
1.87
9.7
586
500
33,306
13,350
11,390
38.4
22,785
1995
0.62
1.18
2,363
1,658
13.1
11.3
2,804
3,807
1.40
1.90
9.5
601
499
33,872
13,949
11,584
38.2
23,225
1996
0.61
1.16
2,250
1,646
11.0
14.4
2,735
3,680
1.41
1.90
9.4
623
515
35,634
14,745
12,186
38.0
23,667
1997
0.64
1.32
2,504
1,613
17.7
9.1
2,931
3,921
1.55
2.07
8.9
623
528
37,166
14,989
12,710
37.7
24,051
1998
0.63
1.32
2,425
1,576
13.9
7.5
2,884
3,861
1.57
2.10
8.7
700
543
38,764
17,078
13,257
37.5
24,400
1999
0.63
1.30
2,335
1,614
5.5
8.3
2,709
3,688
1.51
2.06
8 .3
558
558
40,237
13,760
13,760
37.3
24,650
2000
0.64
1.30
2,263
1,587
5.5
8.7
2,622
3,561
1.51
2.04
48
8.3
457
574
41,927
11,401
14,338
37.2
24,967
2001
0.63
1.33
2,251
1,609
5.4
5.7
2,623
3,566
1.55
2.10
59
8.0
383
590
43,604
9,688
14,912
37.1
25,272
2002
0.63
1.27
2,087
1,593
5.7
9.8
2,416
3,300
1.47
2.01
57
7.8
396
608
45,435
10,134
15,538
36.9
25,568
2003
0.63
1.21
1,877
1,595
5.6
14.5
2,151
2,981
1.39
1.93
59
7.4
465
647
48,934
12,030
16,735
36.8
25,864
2004
0.64
1.16
1,689
1,551
5.7
20.1
1,897
2,622
1.30
1.79
61
7.0
547
684
52,359
14,308
17,906
36.7
26,167
2005
0.64
1.18
1,629
1,586
5.7
19.7
1,841
2,543
1.34
1.84
62
6.7
643
725
56,181
17,031
19,213
36.7
26,486
2006
0.65
1.17
1,498
1,503
5.7
22.8
1,673
2,315
1.31
1.81
64
6.3
830
783
61,519
22,311
21,038
36.8
26,868
2007
0.62
1.14
1,362
1,492
5.7
22.8
1,641
2,202
1.38
1.85
65
6.0
1,022
840
67,055
27,918
22,932
36.8
27,314
2008
0.63
1.10
1,232
1,483
6.1
24.4
1,447
1,969
1.29
1.76
64
5.8
1,182
893
72,487
32,817
24,789
36.9
27,767
2009
667
685
2000 $)

persons)
40,863
41,065
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
13,800
13,361
13,975
39.8
20,952
14,044
40.1
1991

million)
20,510
Urban Population, %
1990
Uzbekistan
221
Chapter 4
East Asia
East Asia
11,298,277
1,412,921
4,322.0

Sources: ADB (2012), APERC estimates, [Taipei,China] Council for Economic Planning and Development (2011), World Bank, and WEC (2010).

Others: 306
Gas: 50,675
Oil: 370,933
Coal: 179,166
Gas: 80,115
Hydro: 54,123
Nuclear: 67,619
Oil: 193,181
Coal: 1565,778
Biomass: 27
Oil: 1,209
Stock Changes: 1,209

Indigenous Production: 1,966,083
Imports: 600,800
PRIMARY COMMODITIES: 2,568,093

Transformation: 1,771,801
Electricity: 1,527
Coal: 252
Imports: 116,368 Oil: 114,589
Transformation
Losses: 716,107
Exports: 25,261
Oil: 1,992

Others: 1,992
1,055,693
Transfers: 2,726
SECONDARY COMMODITIES: 1,174,053

Biomass: 2,320
Heat: 59,541
Electricity: 317,878
Gas: 157,199
Oil: 472,501
Exports: 93,563
584,842
Final Consumption by Type: 1,500,363
Coal: 490,769
Stock Change: 16,158
915,521
224
Others: 240,828
Commercial: 57,177
Residential: 198,126
Transport: 193,028
Industry: 811,204
Final Consumption by Sector: 1,500,363
111.7
18,071.0
99.3
Biomass: 4,962
117,147.0
Others: 155
East Asia
Table 4.1
225

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
1,206,148
1,279,678
1,340,914
1,383,948
1,412,921
1,018.3
1,602.4
2,206.2
3,138.1
4,322.0
2,128.2
3,472.4
4,910.5
7,258.0
10,395.6
Socioeconomic Data

844
1,252
1,645
2,267
3,059
1,764
2,714
3,662
5,244
7,358

Sources: [Taipei,China] Council for Economic Planning and Development (2011), and World Bank.
Table 4.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
741,929
905,735
914,117
1,487,781
1,966,083
64,697
174,381
276,412
385,193
504,972
Total PES
Coal
806,626
1,080,115
1,190,528
1,872,975
2,471,056
556,771
709,809
706,629
1,219,605
1,680,019
Oil
193,703
288,488
368,027
461,049
535,281
Gas
18,696
28,690
47,015
84,588
129,011

Net Imports
Biomass
3,084
5,373
5,568
9,764
4,987
Others
34,373
47,756
63,289
97,968
121,757
TPES/capita (toe)
0.67
0.84
0.89
1.35
1.75
379
311
242
258
238
367,424
461,031
449,030
560,922
811,204
53,740
75,427
104,925
149,530
193,028

Industry
Transportation
Other Sectors
172,634
277,855
274,101
404,366
496,131
Total FEC
593,798
814,313
828,056
1,114,817
1,500,363
Coal
356,873
441,431
314,557
381,824
490,769
Oil
148,856
228,016
307,186
401,096
472,501
Gas
15,128
33,670
37,064
57,012
157,199
Electricity
68,928
86,455
130,310
220,967
317,878
Biomass
3,049
4,113
3,409
5,499
2,320
963
20,628
35,529
48,419
59,696
Others
Source: APERC (APEC Energy Database), and IEA (2011b).
226
Figure 4.1

1990
Commercial
1.8%
2009
Others
4.2%
Others
16.1%
Commercial
3.8%
Residential
23.1%
Industry
61.9%
Transport
9.1%
Residential
13.2%
Industry
54.1%
Transport
12.9%
593,798 ktoe
1,500,363 ktoe

Sources: APERC (APEC Energy Database), and IEA (2011b).
Figure 4.2

1990
Gas
2.5%
Heat
0.2%
Electricity
11.6%
2009
Biomass
0.5%
Others
0.0%
Biomass
0.2%
Heat
4.0%
Others
0.0%
Electricity
21.2%
Oil
25.1%
Coal
60.1%
Coal
32.7%
Gas
10.5%
Oil
31.5%
593,798 ktoe
1,500,363 ktoe
East Asia

3,000,000
Others 15
2,500,000
Hydro 54,123
Gas 129,011
Biomass 4,987
2,000,000
Nuclear 67,619
Oil 535,281
1,500,000
ktoe
Biomass 3,084
Nuclear 22,347
1,000,000
Hydro 12,151
Gas, 18,696
Coal 1,680,019
Oil 193,703
500,000
Coal 556,771
0
Others 125
500,000
1990
2009

Figure 4.4

1990
2009
Gas
2.1%
Oil
18.7%
Coal
74.2%
Hydro
1.6%
Nuclear
3.0%
Oil
9.8%
Geothermal
0.0%
Biomass
0.4%
Others
0.0%

Hydro
2.8%
Nuclear
3.4%
Geothermal
0.0%
Biomass
0.3%
Others
0.0%
Coal
79.6%
741,929 ktoe
Gas
4.1%
1,966,083 ktoe
227
228
Figure 4.5

1990
2009
Geothermal
0.0%
Nuclear
5.8%
Others
1.2%
Geothermal
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Nuclear
10.2%
Hydro
14.1%
Hydro
16.7%
Thermal
73.1%
Thermal
78.8%
844,418 GWh
4,444,243 GWh
Figure 4.6

1990
Commercial
3.8%
2009
Commercial
8.7%
Others
6.1%
Others
9.0%
Residential
16.5%
Transport
1.6%
Industry
72.1%
Residential
16.2%
Industry
64.3%
Transport
1.8%
801,490 GWh
3,696,250 GWh
East Asia
Figure 4.7

1990
2009
Gas
1.3%
Gas
5.4%
Oil
14.2%
Oil
14.0%
Coal
84.8%
Coal
80.4%
928,266 kt C
2,339,452 kt C

Figure 4.8 Final Energy Consumption by Sector,

19902009
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
ktoe
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
200,000
Transport
Residential

Commercial
Others
229
230

19902009

19942009
1,600,000
2,500,000
1,400,000
2,000,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
ktoe
ktoe
1,000,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
Coal
500,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Coal
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
200,000
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear


Figure 4.11
19902009
Figure 4.12
19902009
2,000,000
Biomass
Others
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
1,500,000
GWh
ktoe
3,000,000
1,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
500,000
1,000,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear

Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
500,000
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Others
East Asia
Figure 4.13
19902009
231

900,000
2,500,000
800,000
2,000,000
700,000
ktoe
600,000
1,500,000
kt C
500,000
400,000
1,000,000
300,000
200,000
500,000
100,000
0
Oil
Gas
Coal

Oil
Gas

Figure 4.16
19902009

250
200
150
100
50
900
1,000
800
900
800
700
700
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
100
Coal
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
54,368
5,326
Exports
International
Bunkers
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
Other
Transformation
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
14.1
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
429
15,753
Non-Specified
Others
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
14.2
15.
16.
17.
748
7,396
611
8,007
8,755
4.
4.1
98,898
142,116
1,287
2,816
4,103
7,523
7,684
48
491,813
238
492,002
2,085
498,351
2,890
6,385
320,132
187,494
84
114
79,214
49,380
27,768
15,415
43,182
92,562
147,444
100,536
419,757
11,954
14,083
14
480,474
723
27,490
452,247
4,626
11,079
1,943
34,232
70,515
95,611
155
12,399
3,533
3,374
6,907
19,306
43,738
5,821
69,019
1,140
689
72,205
10
72,195
5,582
9,208
277
9,614
683
94
711
2,260
1,490
3,750
4,461
104
773
5,431
531
47
7,001
142
6,858
94
754
332
690
267
Kerosene
4.2
38,148
318
33,326
2,236
6,230
8,466
41,792
79,528
19,262
140,899
52
3,268
166,761
3,506
163,255
92
19,128
568
3,761
0
37,831
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
2,722
93
107
590
4,616
7,885
4,515
14
0
0
2,386
455
19,497
3,160
22,657
23,112
5,401
5,602
75,100
2,166
71
71
2,237
8,528
41,533
36,502 127,398
1,519
1,485
26,374 147,647
65
26,309 142,426
430
12,767
92
0 11,806
630 25,825
13,489
LPG
4.5
1,161
323
242
1,089
1,332
1,654
10,146
27,547
40,508
3,106
4,078
60,487
134
19,150
41,203
1,339
5,150
1,705
18,665
21,129 12,627
5,193
Fuel Oil
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
0
4.4
4.3
68,842
2,570,115
19,935 12,794
49,042
14.1.2 Residential
70,122
4,800
218,123 57,132
312,981 78,687
21,836 2,466
73,373 3,896
236,559 113,289
7,260 1,605
728,524 14,944
972,343 96,740
1,336,861 11,691
6,055 2,256
3.
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
34,647 9,864
121,305
Imports
2.
1,244,149
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
East Asia Energy Balance Table, 2006
1.
Table 4.3
38,612
38,612
Hydro
6.
44,394
135,977 449,004
3,420
1,214
23,249
5,177
28,426
29,641
1,209
29,685
63,954
362
9,099
522
8,282
28,064 38,612
20,305 38,612
93,719
1,397
2,698
42,496
55,318
Gas
5.
243,462
63,446
63,446
63,446
63,446
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
31
Solar
9.
239
36
36
36
36
Wind
10.
11,832
16
90
332
422
438
4,542
4,979
54
46
78
4,908
4,986
10,066
28
10,038
Biomass
11.
119
11
131
131
131
131
131
Others
12.
22,807
37,453
23,396
60,848
83,655
4,393
164,311
252,359
68
53,108
305,560
305,560
25
1,447
1,422
Electricity
13.
1,303
15,313
982
16,295
17,598
32,755
212,217
3,552,889
116,650
91,222
160,429
51,249
211,679
302,901
157,852
609,901
1,187,304
13,087
50,353
174,114
1,368
567
123,270
11,339
1,306
536,159
672,641
2,541
2,018,431
2,432
34,232
125,556
581,423
1,599,228
Total
15.
12,825
64,545
64,545
Heat
14.
Unit: ktoe
232
5,145
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
65,992
2,947,652
21,016 14,647
737
7,017
664
7,681
8,418
4.
4.1
4.2
105,208
129,063
1,296
2,836
4,132
8,464
7,727
90
511,161
165
511,236
1,860
516,490
4,343
4,022
335,965
188,891
167
150
93,746
44,665
30,499
16,686
47,185
91,850
160,526
97,532
443,654
9,829
13,594
73
499,137
412
22,154
476,498
552
9,974
701
35,799
76,149
101,273
190
12,324
4,474
3,665
8,139
20,464
44,359
6,944
71,957
419
801
77,185
77,184
5,510
10,354
440
11,568
774
82
378
1,875
1,241
3,117
3,495
108
701
4,385
143
71
4,717
111
4,605
334
328
156
165
338
Crude Oil Petroleum

3.
6,140
289
30,480
2,619
7,059
9,678
40,158
90,240
18,043
148,729
96
2,980
175,411
2,558
172,852
33
21,079
366
3,660
23,925
1,159
352
222
1,163
1,385
1,737
10,668
27,067
40,631
387
3,929
57,637
50
14,936
42,651
2,225
4,522
113
19,251
11,273
34,933
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
Non-Specified
Others
16.
47,387
16,042
14.1.2 Residential
14.2
68,575
4,542
225,446 65,416
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
Industry Sector
12.
6,763 3,809
319,579 88,485
52,533
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Residential and
Commercial
Discrepancy
10.
47,735 5,972
14.1
Loss and Own Use
9.
246,206 128,309
8,038 1,823
796,925 13,824
Transport Sector
Other
Transformation
8.5.
1,051,169 112,663
1,425,246 14,397
Other Sectors
Coal
Transformation
8.4
5,479 4,683
13.
Refineries
8.3
728
30,008 10,442
132,564
1,328,168
Coal
Products
Coal
14.
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
2.
1.
1.
Table 4.4
3,540
491
21,308
3,327
24,635
25,126
5,701
5,333
39,699
259
1,209
28,415
62
28,354
666
11,630
88
822
12,364
LPG
4.5
4.6
88,487
640
231
231
871
9,451
39,443
138,252
9,881
4,603
71
155,771
363
4,485
150,852
3,096
4,979
462
12,887
28,395
46,723
Other
Petroleum
Products
48,072
159,078
3,903
1,502
26,245
5,772
32,017
33,518
1,554
33,782
72,757
1,144
10,353
394
7,523
33,546
26,417
110,671
849
2,421
47,092
65,151
Gas
5.
498,656
42,884
42,884
42,884
42,884
Hydro
6.
245,606
64,005
64,005
64,005
64,005
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
70
Solar
9.
376
70
70
70
70
Wind
10.
20,728
16
83
345
429
445
4,704
5,149
39
195
6,501
6,696
11,891
119
11,772
Biomass
11.
119
16
135
135
135
135
135
Others
12.
24,502
40,467
25,150
65,617
90,119
4,927
190,613
285,659
846
57,358
344,137
344,137
275
1,601
1,326
Electricity
13.
1,560
15,516
1,081
16,597
18,157
37,637
55,794
1,610
10,311
67,715
67,715
Heat
14.
219,439
4,001,379
134,608
89,023
167,333
54,860
222,192
311,215
171,554
657,967
1,275,343
15,543
153,090
571
117,897
12,024
2,749
568,229
701,470
1,308
2,146,755
12,955
35,799
124,643
619,067
1,701,084
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
East Asia
233
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
7,452
8,425
757
1,455,997
3,033,276
27,341
16,875
53,506
10,618
64,124
80,999
4,382
297,921
410,643
4,605
65,792
261,468
7,087
816,976
1,085,531
14,507
508
5,776
180
5,955
6,463
46,037
67,009
60
6,258
97,554
1,823
7,406
88,326
1,557,361 15,119
25,845
26,832
132,179
1,477,859
3.
4.
113,314
109,843
1,571
3,377
4,948
8,676
8,996
164
517,093
98
517,027
2,583
524,878
14,449
4,626
345,608
198,346
126
160
94,662
40,582
36,915
8,480
45,395
85,977
172,092
95,888
448,618
7,176
15,562
54
509,789
371
18,764
490,600
3,957
15,287
5,022
32,008
83,178
104,921
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
194
13,209
8,808
1,434
10,242
23,451
47,330
7,069
78,044
360
766
86,947
86,945
748
9,243
1,681
10,334
2,772
87
393
1,958
1,470
3,428
3,820
94
835
4,836
96
40
5,104
87
5,017
186
140
169
320
292
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
9,822
450
25,323
6,523
2,362
8,884
34,207
97,770
24,148
156,575
5,008
188,101
2,099
186,002
357
24,055
3,438
2,451
27,989
936
264
201
855
1,056
1,320
12,107
21,789
36,152
2,085
3,517
49,905
20
12,050
37,834
2,000
1,749
164
15,990
13,627
31,529
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
1.
Table 4.5
3,891
593
19,425
2,133
21,558
22,152
5,770
5,273
37,086
559
1,042
28,304
74
28,230
550
9,907
12
1,208
11,103
LPG
4.5
4.6
89,105
800
226
226
1,027
9,021
36,774
135,926
8,958
5,189
54
151,428
351
4,453
146,571
2,712
6,214
78
13,568
29,700
49,404
Other
Petroleum
Products
97,982
163,610
4,064
1,953
30,490
5,707
36,197
38,150
6,606
95,089
143,909
95
14,218
75,775
39,966
35,809
122,413
1,985
3,021
52,147
75,272
Gas
5.
598,744
51,492
51,492
51,493
51,493
Hydro
6.
260,179
67,803
67,803
67,803
67,803
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
285
24
24
25
25
Solar
9.
436
71
71
71
71
Wind
10.
31,277
16
69
365
434
450
5,158
5,608
16
45
152
6,192
6,344
12,013
31
11,984
Biomass
11.
121
21
142
142
142
142
142
Others
12.
25,517
47,276
26,437
73,712
99,229
5,274
195,568
300,071
845
59,693
361,028
361,028
419
1,738
1,319
Electricity
13.
1,641
16,813
1,204
18,017
19,658
37,976
57,634
821
9,108
67,563
67,563
Heat
14.
1,667,419
4,197,810
142,144
87,091
190,966
53,011
243,976
331,068
188,356
777,014
1,438,582
4,387
179,672
41
163,914
7,304
66,494
580,201
684,966
6,540
2,305,372
54,754
32,008
127,822
636,961
1,882,995
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
234
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
11.
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
1,515,716
3,233,609
28,277
18,320
53,434
11,658
65,092
305,873
421,782
50,152
77,997
272,838
4.
15,311
459
5,186
172
5,357
5,816
47,859
68,987
905
5,686
98,660
1,090
6,953
90,616
94,599
100,193
1,088
2,298
3,385
10,032
6,434
234
546,702
64
546,532
2,726
549,046
9,405
5,662
370,933
193,181
84
152
104,414
40,533
39,317
9,197
48,514
89,047
174,653
101,001
469,116
18,284
14,129
44
529,047
291
15,410
513,302
1,992
13,764
892
35,741
91,720
114,589
4.2
222
12,752
10,291
1,559
11,850
24,601
45,683
8,290
78,796
6,391
781
98,967
98,966
747
13,745
226
14,313
795
65
459
1,851
1,791
3,642
4,101
81
671
4,919
284
39
5,639
94
5,545
310
14
724
400
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
424
25,478
7,087
2,603
9,690
35,168
99,852
23,333
158,777
2,781
4,563
197,229
1,692
195,537
263
29,154
583
5,524
31,866
8,819
737
283
181
809
990
1,273
13,180
18,284
33,474
56
3,067
40,715
8,455
32,257
1,415
5,644
722
15,097
13,668
35,130
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Discrepancy
10.
14.1.1
83,411
Loss and Own Use
9.
Other Sectors
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Residential and
Commercial
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.
4,221
Refineries
8.3
6,645
865,643
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
14.1
25
252
1,695,058 15,039
1,145,126
3.
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
33,277 15,266
16,609
179,166
1,565,778
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
1.
Table 4.6
4,236
656
19,907
2,238
22,145
22,800
5,917
5,297
38,250
957
448
27,191
13
27,178
459
12,018
203
1,207
13,022
LPG
4.5
4.6
98,731
906
197
197
1,103
9,941
45,125
154,900
7,927
5,231
44
159,306
288
5,155
153,819
2,457
11,783
422
15,120
29,941
56,423
Other
Petroleum
Products
96,437
167,804
2,204
30,518
6,672
37,190
39,395
8,493
109,312
157,199
559
15,667
87,391
42,976
44,415
129,011
1,209
2,988
50,675
80,115
Gas
5.
628,335
54,121
54,121
54,123
54,123
Hydro
6.
259,476
67,619
67,619
67,619
67,619
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
574
49
49
49
49
Solar
9.
1,470
101
101
101
101
Wind
10.
52,630
16
64
461
525
541
1,778
2,320
213
2,455
2,667
4,987
27
4,962
Biomass
11.
124
29
153
154
155
155
155
Others
12.
28,464
51,571
27,787
79,358
107,822
5,660
204,396
317,878
6,927
57,128
382,223
382,223
291
1,818
1,527
Electricity
13.
1,743
17,911
1,201
19,112
20,855
38,686
59,541
780
9,231
69,552
69,552
Heat
14.
1,706,836
4,444,243
149,090
91,739
198,126
57,177
255,302
347,041
193,028
811,204
1,500,363
67,575
186,276
23
174,178
17,655
79,365
603,617
716,107
734
2,471,056
57,630
35,741
118,824
717,168
1,966,083
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
East Asia
235
367,424
53,740
136,993
10,805
24,836
593,798
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
125
806,626
Others
Total
3,084
Biomass
Wind
22,347
Nuclear
12,151
Hydro
18,696
Gas
Solar
193,703
Oil
Geothermal
556,771
Coal
741,929
10
Others
Total
3,060
Biomass
Wind
22,347
Nuclear
12,151
Hydro
15,287
Gas
Solar
138,604
Oil
Geothermal
550,469
Coal
1990
39
648,692
50,407
12,753
149,313
57,868
378,352
689,058
62,978
14,991
147,000
62,029
402,060
872,424
827,403
790
23,687
12,373
21,439
234,532
579,563
760,304
13
773
23,687
12,373
15,386
142,161
565,911
1992
740
23,874
11,630
20,611
209,977
560,571
746,769
11
715
23,874
11,630
15,751
141,089
553,698
1991
702,230
121,211
18,125
113,881
65,019
383,994
909,402
22
1,195
24,521
14,371
21,819
251,646
595,829
745,822
14
1,180
24,521
14,371
14,711
137,974
553,050
1993
East Asia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 4.7
113
5,373
30,013
17,630
28,690
288,488
709,809
905,735
22
5,360
30,013
17,630
17,463
150,100
685,147
1995
379
2,669
32,850
17,396
34,729
309,877
733,398
932,165
32
2,665
32,850
17,396
19,448
157,388
702,385
1996
89
4,281
33,298
18,148
38,771
329,049
683,975
885,004
46
4,262
33,298
18,148
19,711
153,680
655,859
1997
70
4,595
36,645
19,331
41,480
324,437
666,478
873,579
44
4,579
36,645
19,331
22,377
161,857
628,745
1998
78
5,286
40,767
18,202
42,965
347,941
689,775
893,017
42
5,272
40,767
18,202
24,145
160,946
643,643
1999
115
5,568
42,793
20,380
47,015
368,027
706,629
914,117
42
5,541
42,793
20,380
25,921
164,326
655,113
2000
35
6,148
47,896
25,778
31,118
168,033
730,705
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
33
6,508
55,226
25,592
33,265
170,664
121
9,654
57,508
31,474
39,963
177,984
125
9,738
19
62,502
35,270
48,357
183,950
131
10,038
36
63,446
38,612
55,318
187,494
135
11,772
70
64,005
42,884
65,151
188,891
142
11,984
71
25
67,803
51,493
75,272
198,346
864,338 1,046,311 1,147,820 1,244,149 1,328,168 1,477,859
2003
220
5,840
43,025
25,170
52,215
372,304
719,813
99
6,179
47,896
25,778
57,577
391,768
757,819
50
6,535
55,226
25,592
61,314
417,441
135
9,680
57,508
31,474
74,201
462,139
176
9,764
19
62,502
35,270
84,588
461,049
106
10,066
36
63,446
38,612
93,719
487,272
139
11,891
70
64,005
42,884
110,671
506,517
277
12,013
71
25
67,803
51,493
122,413
509,590
892,177 1,088,631 1,219,605 1,325,170 1,410,849 1,542,241
963,960 1,009,714 1,155,629 1,363,022 1,487,781 1,599,228 1,701,084 1,882,995
37
5,812
43,025
25,170
28,916
165,078
695,920
2001
753,805
133,018
19,894
114,057
69,283
417,553
814,313
132,707
21,466
123,681
75,427
461,031
848,993
140,542
23,486
136,028
77,264
471,672
810,608
143,291
24,762
122,321
85,828
434,407
742,320
125,265
36,348
85,450
89,549
405,708
807,343
131,876
38,580
100,078
98,176
438,634
828,056
132,853
35,553
105,695
104,925
449,030
844,773
136,354
38,509
106,395
105,902
457,614
152,309
44,152
127,502
125,166
558,166
184,231
47,148
140,466
139,123
529,604
197,896
54,231
152,239
149,530
560,922
207,872
51,249
160,429
157,852
609,901
223,631
54,860
167,333
171,554
657,967
229,235
53,011
190,966
188,356
777,014
1,500,363
240,828
57,177
198,126
193,028
811,204
2,471,056
136
4,987
101
49
67,619
54,123
129,011
535,281
1,680,019
1,966,083
155
4,962
101
49
67,619
54,123
80,115
193,181
1,565,778
2009
890,440 1,007,295 1,040,572 1,114,817 1,187,304 1,275,343 1,438,582
141,837
40,123
114,166
113,208
481,106
998,705 1,080,115 1,131,298 1,107,610 1,093,036 1,145,017 1,190,528 1,218,588 1,287,118 1,458,338 1,723,774 1,872,975 2,018,431 2,146,755 2,305,372
417
1,263
28,031
15,574
26,686
265,021
661,712
833,540
17
1,250
28,031
15,574
17,074
146,143
625,449
1994
236
1990
15,128
68,928
Gas
Electricity
9,227
9,574
Total
21,914
2,957
162,159
Oil
Gas
Total
94,096
167,104
867,181
702,230
14
783
19,512
76,786
21,096
193,849
390,189
1993
814,313
22
4,113
20,606
86,455
33,670
228,016
441,431
1995
848,993
32
2,249
22,397
93,680
36,868
247,162
446,604
1996
810,608
46
2,479
23,310
104,676
32,501
260,771
386,825
1997
742,320
44
2,035
23,963
108,799
37,397
244,291
325,791
1998
807,343
42
3,195
30,610
116,264
33,406
295,905
327,920
1999
828,056
42
3,409
35,487
130,310
37,064
307,186
314,557
2000
844,773
37
3,454
36,978
140,375
39,880
314,342
309,707
2001
33
3,736
42,293
175,757
49,494
354,290
381,692
2003
121
4,890
41,043
196,419
50,263
389,902
357,933
2004
125
5,499
48,294
220,967
57,012
401,096
381,824
2005
131
4,979
50,353
252,359
63,954
423,860
391,668
2006
135
5,149
55,794
285,659
72,757
447,786
408,064
2007
142
5,608
57,634
300,071
143,909
453,566
477,652
2008
890,440 1,007,295 1,040,572 1,114,817 1,187,304 1,275,343 1,438,582
35
3,534
39,762
154,477
43,392
333,773
315,467
2002
107,564
181,099
250
115,178
204,934
403
126,051
202,211
77
127,773
210,953
56
140,613
224,707
71
156,429
211,588
57
17
164,204
236,894
57
13
165,091
292,573
135
15
183,783
299,645
148
25
211,904
297,479
8,674
47
10
220,674
365,980
7,607
130
15
239,839
410,115
11,832
239
31
243,462
449,004
20,728
376
70
245,606
498,656
31,277
436
285
260,179
598,744
945,684 1,022,058 1,114,784 1,185,462 1,216,023 1,308,476 1,461,433 1,555,518 1,735,749 1,990,681 2,234,884 2,498,919 2,848,321 3,235,943 3,306,889
753,805
17
819
22,258
81,044
22,453
212,834
414,380
1994
300,877
6,626
33,995
327,017
9,981
30,792
286,244
20,229
9,248
10,981
473,861
18,253
25,777
429,831
29,724
15,238
14,485
540,449
17,882
27,388
495,179
27,663
16,142
11,520
634,968
22,004
29,667
583,297
313,179
156,169
157,011
703,122
24,282
26,722
652,119
334,102
177,896
156,207
792,924
26,739
24,772
741,413
415,625
200,587
215,038
860,062
32,111
19,173
808,779
453,672
226,696
226,976
833,428
37,041
15,476
780,911
14,496
16,540
165,900
18,607
176,649
19,770
191,196
22,525
198,828
29,074
205,154
26,869
198,235
30,143
229,766
33,425
240,325
36,302
245,341
39,124
253,069
42,378
265,603
51,688
306,867
54,931
309,579
61,382
325,908
71,027
328,071
2,339,452
126,361
333,199
1,879,892
113,938
331,307
13,164
164,950
880,087
40,096
12,647
827,343
484,153
241,073
228,758
463,887
243,080
4,444,243
52,630
1,470
574
259,476
628,335
3,501,758
1,500,363
155
2,320
59,541
317,878
157,199
472,501
490,769
2009
235,130
958,664 1,009,748 1,191,946 1,322,338 1,480,640 1,629,906 1,708,965 1,787,923
440,712
16,888
27,046
396,779
26,420
13,726
12,695
11,777
936,730
417,522
14,881
27,186
375,456
26,084
13,051
13,032
928,266 1,013,775 1,046,835 1,033,907 1,123,465 1,235,320 1,305,073 1,217,110 1,106,779 1,174,959 1,210,479 1,240,307 1,301,941 1,499,927 1,680,893 1,845,150 2,017,196 2,108,062 2,233,168
915,050
384,591
13,979
26,356
344,257
22,175
11,596
10,580
Gas
881,675
322,659
13,061
27,245
282,353
23,386
10,367
13,019
Total
982,882
323,894
12,092
35,313
276,489
21,603
10,170
11,433
154,034
928,209 1,024,354 1,083,720
274,477
5,778
31,233
260,257
18,013
8,663
9,350
129,668
851,467
245,848
4,374
33,457
237,466
15,677
7,728
7,949
786,821
867,389
227,330
4,004
29,376
208,017
15,435
6,953
8,483
Oil
846,577
204,793
3,347
28,390
193,950
9,369
6,549
2,821
Coal
137,287
Coal
173,056
6,156
5,616
Own Use
3,071
3,959
90,895
143,874
778,676
689,058
13
750
19,449
69,885
13,935
180,188
404,838
1992
919,937 1,013,447 1,128,384 1,234,350 1,342,422 1,443,452 1,524,269 1,581,405 1,676,575 1,862,610 2,013,258 2,219,334 2,500,245 2,830,269 3,156,625 3,552,889 4,001,379 4,197,810
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
844,418
Others
Total
Solar
Wind
91,611
135,229
85,753
Nuclear
141,249
Hydro
Geothermal
617,415
Thermal
693,096
648,692
593,798
Total
11
10
Others
703
3,049
17,838
63,374
12,765
171,426
382,574
1991
Biomass
953
148,856
Oil
Heat
356,873
Coal
Table 4.7 continued
East Asia
237
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
30.6
31.4
32.2
33.0
33.8
34.6
35.5
36.3
37.2
38.0
38.9
39.8
40.7
41.5
42.4
43.3
44.1
45.0
863,572
971,418 1,075,762 1,152,842 1,373,910 1,657,726 1,861,628 1,909,153 1,818,626 2,000,361 2,210,901 2,280,987 2,494,524 2,759,688 3,177,587 3,639,451 4,233,665 5,152,558 6,058,277
6,428,731
4,321,991
45.8
1,412,921
2009
917
0.83
665
912
0.77
1.15
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
1.20
0.85
862
657
39.4
12.9
567
718
0.56
0.71
13
23.4
869
982
1.14
0.83
775
714
45.2
18.0
526
682
0.56
0.73
15
23.3
921
1,066
1.12
0.89
764
745
44.9
16.5
512
679
0.60
0.79
17
24.0
1,085
1,162
1.14
0.97
771
786
48.0
16.1
508
674
0.64
0.84
19
24.4
1,295
1,252
1.15
1.01
753
842
49.2
17.6
490
653
0.66
0.87
20
24.6
1,439
1,340
1.10
0.93
655
932
53.3
20.1
436
596
0.62
0.85
22
24.8
1,461
1,423
1.01
0.84
582
959
50.1
20.1
390
575
0.56
0.83
22
25.1
1,379
1,442
1.03
0.88
575
1,016
53.7
22.0
395
561
0.61
0.86
24
26.0
1,504
1,535
1.02
0.90
549
1,130
55.3
23.2
375
540
0.62
0.89
26
26.9
1,649
1,645
1.02
0.92
534
1,209
55.7
20.9
364
525
0.63
0.90
28
26.9
1,689
1,718
1.01
0.96
522
1,321
57.1
21.6
357
516
0.65
0.95
30
27.5
1,835
1,836
1.03
1.10
562
1,494
59.1
20.8
377
546
0.74
1.07
33
28.8
2,017
1,952
0.98
1.22
581
1,660
61.5
20.9
360
596
0.76
1.25
36
29.0
2,309
2,101
0.99
1.33
588
1,857
60.1
20.6
355
597
0.81
1.35
39
29.0
2,630
2,267
1.00
1.45
585
2,109
61.5
20.8
344
586
0.85
1.45
43
29.5
3,042
2,477
0.98
1.51
551
2,375
62.7
20.8
333
561
0.91
1.53
48
30.3
3,684
2,734
0.97
1.59
547
2,482
61.1
18.3
352
564
1.02
1.64
54
30.4
4,309
2,906
0.95
1.66
541
2,617
63.9
20.4
347
572
1.06
1.75
62
31.2
4,550
3,059
CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatt-hour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatt-hour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total
Notes: Figures may not add up to total because of rounding
Sources: APERC (APEC Energy Database), IEA (2011b), JAMA (2012), [Taipei,China] Council for Economic Planning and Development (2011), and World Bank.
1.23
603
32.8
9.7
587
8.0
583
2000 $ million)
748
28.4
792
2000 $ million)
0.53
0.68
12
0.49
795
23.1
0.67
10
716
22.9
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
905
2,128,223 2,315,976 2,569,746 2,851,125 3,168,312 3,472,444 3,772,036 4,065,197 4,221,939 4,540,858 4,910,507 5,218,624 5,643,661 6,093,021 6,630,535 7,258,027 8,043,494 9,012,772 9,715,037 10,395,636
1992
1,018,333 1,105,731 1,214,653 1,333,999 1,470,903 1,602,353 1,732,463 1,858,944 1,902,314 2,042,563 2,206,207 2,321,149 2,495,889 2,670,339 2,890,935 3,138,051 3,446,954 3,824,791 4,086,007
29.8
844

persons)
1991
1,206,148 1,222,462 1,237,324 1,251,567 1,265,698 1,279,678 1,293,277 1,306,498 1,318,968 1,330,358 1,340,914 1,350,697 1,359,688 1,368,038 1,376,059 1,383,948 1,391,582 1,398,809 1,405,905
1990
2000 $)
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)

million)
Urban Population, %
Table 4.7 continued
238
4.1 Peoples Republic of China

9,596,961
114,500.0
1,331,380
109.1
GDP (billion constant 2000 $)
2,940.2
18,052.0
99.4

Gas: 7,107
Oil: 203,653
Coal: 72,637
Gas: 79,385
Hydro: 52,945
Oil: 189,490
Coal: 1557,291
Nuclear: 18,277
Imports:
283,397
Indigenous Production: 1,897,388

PRIMARY COMMODITIES: 2,180,785
Transformation: 1,416,978
Transformation
Losses: 600,303
Imports: 48,288
Oil: 47,771
Stock Change: 15,266
Electricity: 517
Exports: 19,926

816,675
864,962
727,079
552,555
Heat: 54,322
Gas: 136,593
Others: 177,533
Transport: 149,602
Industry: 751,094
Final Consumption by Sector: 1,279,634

Commercial: 29,655
Oil: 350,417
Exports: 29,724
Coal: 476,501
Final Consumption by Type: 1,279,634
239
240
Table 4.1.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
1,135,185
1,204,855
1,262,645
1,303,720
1,331,380
444.6
792.8
1,198.5
1,908.8
2,940.2
1,249.5
2,228.0
3,368.1
5,364.3
8,262.9
Socioeconomic Data
392
658
949
1,464
2,208
1,101
1,849
2,667
4,115
6,206

Sources: World Bank.
Table 4.1.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

705,811
871,184
865,531
1,426,025
1,897,388
Net Imports
51,807
13,185
39,644
113,334
220,455
Total PES
654,004
857,999
905,175
1,539,359
2,117,844
Coal
512,155
659,176
631,243
1,122,099
1,568,767
Oil
114,439
158,528
224,662
319,143
395,328
Gas
14,242
16,709
22,401
44,665
83,505
Biomass
2,268
4,312
4,089
5,996
Others
10,899
19,274
22,781
47,456
70,243
TPES/capita (toe)
0.58
0.71
0.72
1.18
1.59
523
385
269
287
256
329,825
409,970
379,343
497,451
751,094
28,776
36,370
60,078
104,959
149,602

Industry
Transportation
Other Sectors
131,327
214,340
195,255
301,228
378,938
Total FEC
489,928
660,681
634,676
903,638
1,279,634
Coal
338,239
425,458
296,805
367,076
476,501
Oil
84,065
124,639
189,483
281,565
350,417
Gas
13,205
27,667
24,087
38,454
136,593
Electricity
52,150
60,634
90,621
169,807
261,801
Biomass
2,268
3,151
2,080
3,658
19,132
31,600
43,080
54,322
Others
Source: APERC (APEC Energy Database).
Figure 4.1.1

1990
Others
2.6%
Commercial
0.0%
Others
13.9%
Commercial
2.3%
Residential
24.2%
Transport
5.9%
2009
Residential
13.4%
Industry
67.3%
Industry
58.7%
Transport
11.7%
489,928 ktoe
1,279,634 ktoe

Figure 4.1.2
Final Energy Consumption by Type of Energy, 19902009

1990
2009
Heat
4.2%
Heat
0.0%
Electricity
10.6%
Biomass
0.0%
Biomass
0.5%
Gas
2.7%
Electricity
20.5%
Coal
37.2%
Oil
17.2%
Coal
69.0%
Gas
10.7%
Oil
27.4%
489,928 ktoe

1,279,634 ktoe
241

2,500,000
Nuclear 18,277
Hydro 52,945
Gas 83,505
2,000,000
Oil 395,328
1,500,000
ktoe
242
Biomass 2,268
1,000,000
Hydro 10,900
Gas 14,242
500,000
Coal 1,568,767
Oil 114,439
Coal 512,155
Others 1
Others 979
500,000
1990
2009

Figure 4.1.4

1990
Hydro
1.5%
Gas
2.0%
Oil
19.6%
2009
Gas
4.2%
Nuclear
0.0%
Biomass
0.3%
Oil
10.0%
Others
0.0%
Coal
76.5%
Coal
82.1%
705,811 ktoe
1,897,388 ktoe
Hydro
2.8%
Nuclear
1.0%
Biomass
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Figure 4.1.5

1990
2009
Others
1.2%
Nuclear
1.9%
Nuclear
0.0%
Hydro
16.6%
Others
0.0%
Hydro
20.4%
Thermal
79.6%
Thermal
80.3%
621,179 GWh
3,714,650 GWh
Figure 4.1.6

1990
2009
Commercial
3.7%
Others
7.4%
Commercial
0.0%
Residential
13.3%
Transport
1.8%
Others
10.5%
Residential
16.0%
Industry
77.5%
Transport
2.0%
606,399 GWh
Industry
67.8%
3,044,197 GWh
243
Figure 4.1.7

2009
1990
Gas
4.7%
Gas
1.1%
Oil
12.8%
Oil
9.0%
Coal
89.9%
Coal
82.6%
2,107,695 kt C
796,362 kt C
Figure 4.1.8
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
ktoe
600,000
400,000
200,000
Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
244
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
Figure 4.1.9
19902009
245

19902009
1,400,000
2,500,000
1,200,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
ktoe
ktoe
800,000
1,000,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
500,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Figure 4.1.11
19902009
Coal
Biomass

Source: APERC (APEC Energy Database);.
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
200,000
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Biomass
Others

Figure 4.1.12
19902009
4,000,000
2,000,000
1,800,000
3,500,000
1,600,000
3,000,000
1,400,000
2,500,000
GWh
ktoe
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
600,000
1,000,000
400,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas

Hydro
Nuclear
Biomass
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
500,000
200,000
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Others
246
Figure 4.1.13
19902009

2,500,000
800,000
700,000
2,000,000
600,000
1,500,000
kt C
ktoe
500,000
400,000
1,000,000
300,000
200,000
500,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal



Figure 4.1.16
19902009
300
Gas
1,600
250
200
150
100
50
2,000
1,800
1,400
1,600
1,200
1,400
1,000
1,200
800
1,000
800
600
600
400
400
200
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
Oil
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
100,000
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
23,048
2,256
9,864
2,259,994
19,926
15,688
48,925
5,254
54,179
69,868
4,758
208,325
302,877
23,477
73,373
217,308
7,260
657,207
881,774
12,794
748
6,292
611
6,903
7,651
52,258
72,710
2,336
3,074
103,888
1,605
12,043
90,239
1,234,546 12,120
5,338
33,144
3.
4.
98,575
1,287
2,816
4,103
40
7,652
310,460
238
310,698
322,492
1,111
6,337
145,175
184,766
32,959
45,688
22,981
10,354
33,335
79,024
103,592
85,486
301,060
49
6,540
300,781
134
17,577
283,070
24,481
5,234
15,260
44,985
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
155
12,399
3,533
3,330
6,864
19,262
27,549
5,814
52,781
885
685
56,187
10
56,177
3,595
75
3,520
58
366
234
39
273
639
92
404
1,193
355
35
1,457
1,457
126
66
200
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
719
318
30,580
1,740
5,404
7,144
37,723
58,519
17,658
114,218
3,215
119,976
3,190
116,787
648
975
255
791
1,161
138
214
214
353
9,419
17,607
28,540
34
750
17,847
134
10,872
6,840
22,484
841
2,088
2,581
27,993
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
1,239,304
Coal
1.
Peoples Republic of China Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.1.3
699
434
17,474
1,367
18,841
19,274
638
4,722
25,332
681
1,095
20,944
65
20,879
6,230
16
181
6,427
LPG
4.5
4.6
30,568
1,772
1,772
7,374
39,281
78,995
236
760
84,370
3,440
80,930
1,411
45
2,891
8,121
9,646
Other
Petroleum
Products
11,035
3,420
1,189
13,823
1,475
15,298
16,487
757
24,399
45,062
835
8,380
522
8,378
5,482
2,374
51,903
2,698
88
54,513
Gas
5.
435,786
37,478
37,478
37,478
37,478
Hydro
6.
54,843
14,292
14,292
14,292
14,292
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
5,494
2,926
2,926
46
2,698
2,698
5,673
5,673
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
21,934
27,964
7,286
35,250
57,184
4,019
138,215
199,419
71
46,371
246,452
246,452
592
1,055
463
Electricity
13.
1,270
13,611
643
14,254
15,524
29,697
45,221
1,349
12,677
59,247
59,247
Heat
14.
2,865,727
70,385
86,518
133,596
25,623
159,219
245,737
113,132
544,123
973,376
18,892
158,113
522
113,420
9,679
620
441,315
565,556
1,678,153
1,961
5,234
68,359
213,760
1,536,025
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe

247
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
1,823
2,610,927
20,822
15,976
47,258
5,117
52,376
215,504
309,177
7,259
46,849
14,142
737
6,016
664
6,680
7,417
61,729
83,292
3,440
3,282
226,598 117,613
4.
87,647
1,296
2,836
4,132
35
7,693
328,326
165
328,491
340,351
5,244
3,884
163,160
186,318
38,349
41,128
26,064
11,660
37,724
78,852
116,165
84,896
318,263
434
6,170
319,100
50
13,031
306,020
18,847
1,082
6,555
18,092
42,412
4.2
190
12,324
4,474
3,623
8,097
20,421
27,963
6,938
55,512
392
799
60,152
60,150
4,231
431
4,662
54
51
201
50
251
302
100
379
835
175
32
795
795
247
251
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
288
27,875
2,094
6,160
8,254
36,129
69,185
16,417
122,019
36
2,909
126,063
2,360
123,703
1,261
558
277
674
1,654
1,159
128
248
248
376
9,994
17,571
29,100
809
749
19,672
50
6,971
12,652
18,007
149
2,516
3,797
24,171
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.1.1
68,352
Coal
Transformation
8.4
Other Sectors
4,500
Refineries
8,038
8.3
Residential and
Commercial
722,018 10,666
Power Generation
Gas Processing
14.
4,675
956,654 105,124
8.1
14.1
1,319,940 15,110
5,369
3.
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
27,908 10,435
30,633
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
1,322,584
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.1.4
629
480
19,295
1,579
20,874
21,354
647
4,261
26,892
184
982
23,337
62
23,275
4,413
46
406
4,865
LPG
4.5
4.6
36,029
270
270
8,276
39,331
83,905
700
89,081
3,637
85,445
849
3,762
8,552
11,472
Other
Petroleum
Products
24,360
3,903
1,498
16,816
1,931
18,747
20,245
979
28,122
53,248
916
9,661
394
7,791
9,357
1,961
65,784
2,421
3,743
64,462
Gas
5.
485,264
41,733
41,733
41,733
41,733
Hydro
6.
62,130
16,191
16,191
16,191
16,191
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
11,226
2,926
2,926
39
3,462
3,462
6,429
6,429
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
23,584
31,155
7,996
39,152
62,735
4,574
162,640
229,950
58
51,319
282,214
282,214
887
1,253
366
Electricity
13.
1,527
13,788
740
14,528
16,055
34,432
50,486
1,598
10,114
62,199
62,199
Heat
14.
3,281,554
78,512
84,449
141,097
28,109
169,206
253,655
126,222
593,085
1,051,475
13,741
135,127
394
108,985
9,226
2,119
472,211
592,935
1,793,278
14,206
6,555
63,992
240,314
1,637,717
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
248
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
24,770
7,471
8,366
1,381,628
2,684,666
27,283
16,813
53,366
10,558
63,924
80,737
4,368
288,092
400,480
4,442
65,110
240,278
7,087
739,105
986,471
13,974
508
4,723
180
4,902
5,410
41,707
61,093
29
3,430
86,300
1,823
4,146
80,331
1,447,619 15,837
24,768
24,125
3.
4.
26,386
79,895
1,571
3,377
4,948
24
8,963
340,953
98
341,051
354,986
14,712
4,238
178,885
195,050
40,249
37,412
32,461
3,844
36,306
73,718
130,122
85,153
329,241
2,738
8,093
331,352
20
11,963
319,368
15,228
5,996
4,712
20,235
46,171
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
194
13,208
8,808
1,393
10,201
23,410
31,275
7,063
61,941
247
764
64,463
64,461
2,004
1,957
2,042
1,995
59
97
131
214
345
442
86
513
1,100
11
33
886
886
236
236
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
450
22,957
6,039
1,558
7,597
30,554
78,023
22,131
131,158
145
4,949
136,773
1,888
134,885
1,367
4,182
178
643
6,369
936
110
63
63
172
11,428
14,296
26,832
2,389
740
17,374
20
6,373
10,981
14,203
83
423
7,317
21,861
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
1,471,741
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.1.5
646
581
17,484
616
18,100
18,681
657
4,496
24,479
56
875
22,977
74
22,903
2,394
97
814
3,111
LPG
4.5
4.6
37,965
459
459
8,654
36,654
83,732
179
732
88,878
3,626
85,252
968
39
4,111
9,417
12,599
Other
Petroleum
Products
40,856
25,517
4,064
1,948
21,087
1,982
23,069
25,017
5,891
88,727
123,698
338
13,363
76,117
14,743
61,374
76,025
3,021
4,286
74,759
Gas
5.
585,187
50,326
50,326
50,326
50,326
Hydro
6.
68,394
17,823
17,823
17,823
17,823
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
23,223
3,269
3,269
16
45
3,595
3,595
6,925
6,925
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
24,546
37,806
8,750
46,556
71,102
4,918
167,819
243,839
53,208
298,152
298,152
1,101
1,431
330
Electricity
13.
1,609
15,001
814
15,815
17,425
34,764
52,188
810
8,973
61,971
61,971
Heat
14.
1,448,870
3,466,882
87,140
82,836
164,445
26,128
190,573
273,409
145,300
712,907
1,218,756
6,017
161,184
153,978
9,602
67,187
481,677
578,070
1,951,993
52,947
4,712
61,416
254,443
1,816,625
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe

249
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
1,429,788
2,871,333
28,224
18,102
53,217
11,657
64,874
297,171
412,577
50,891
77,997
253,244
3.
4.
14,876
459
4,293
172
4,464
4,924
44,123
63,923
994
3,125
88,664
1,090
4,266
83,308
15,266
15,266
27,306
71,480
1,088
2,298
3,385
352
6,410
371,094
64
371,158
381,305
6,765
5,073
203,653
189,490
46,170
37,272
35,095
4,512
39,608
76,880
132,489
91,493
347,032
9,798
6,931
358,643
8,902
349,738
14,023
5,519
28,229
47,771
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
222
12,751
10,291
1,519
11,810
24,561
29,162
8,284
62,229
6,334
779
74,239
74,238
4,895
4,940
45
2,549
4,516
145,743
1,548
144,195
2,920
196
4,597
1,873
39
169
197
300
497
667
75
367
21,663
424
23,113
6,660
1,854
8,513
31,626
80,498
737
134
81
81
215
12,506
11,407
24,864
276
468
13,534
2,937
10,594
15,015
433
8,624
24,072
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
1,147 134,211
69
32
882
882
365
367
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
82,975
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
4,207
Refineries
8.3
6,645
782,678
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
1,042,567
1,584,033
34,029
11,866
72,637
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
1,557,291
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.1.6
625
632
17,948
758
18,706
19,337
656
4,825
25,443
21
380
21,980
13
21,967
3,878
1,019
4,896
LPG
4.5
4.6
44,125
474
474
9,592
44,947
99,138
549
756
102,265
4,403
97,862
2,581
4,890
9,047
16,518
Other
Petroleum
Products
42,280
39,967
2,201
21,231
2,725
23,956
26,157
7,598
102,837
136,593
192
14,689
88,590
20,621
67,969
83,505
2,988
7,107
79,385
Gas
5.
615,640
52,945
52,945
52,945
52,945
Hydro
6.
70,134
18,277
18,277
18,277
18,277
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
46,096
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
27,429
41,901
9,776
51,677
79,106
5,306
177,389
261,801
5,866
50,815
319,460
319,460
979
1,495
517
Electricity
13.
1,713
16,013
813
16,826
18,539
35,783
54,322
782
9,064
64,169
64,169
Heat
14.
1,499,374
3,714,650
90,358
87,175
171,750
29,655
201,405
288,580
149,602
751,094
1,279,634
68,874
169,032
164,579
12,451
80,852
504,125
600,303
2,117,844
56,060
5,519
49,650
331,685
1,897,388
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
250
489,928
Commercial
Total
118,373
Residential
12,954
28,776
Others
329,825
Industry
Transport
654,004
Total
Others
Wind
2,268
Biomass
Solar
10,900
Hydro
Geothermal
14,242
Gas
114,439
Oil
Nuclear
512,155
Coal
705,811
Total
2,268
Wind
Others
Biomass
Solar
10,900
Hydro
Geothermal
14,242
Gas
138,448
Oil
Nuclear
539,952
Coal
1990
444
536,378
35,946
132,231
30,651
337,550
565,652
43,284
130,877
32,386
359,105
694,790
245
662,907
136
11,237
14,700
134,159
534,114
726,374
136
11,237
14,700
142,100
558,201
1992
10,722
14,961
122,760
514,217
710,394
10,722
14,961
140,995
543,714
1991
1994
478
3,659
14,458
16,347
176
478
3,659
14,458
16,347
98,882
33,397
568,381 609,183
99,833 109,142
98,651
31,915
337,983 367,762
714,340 793,572
377
368
418
13,277
14,048
139,734 146,158
546,118 612,647
712,609 800,991
368
418
13,277
14,048
137,918 146,085
546,580 619,963
1993
660,681
107,309
107,031
36,370
409,970
857,999
463
4,312
3,342
16,395
16,709
158,528
659,176
871,184
4,312
3,342
16,395
16,709
150,047
680,379
1995
686,099
113,903
118,172
36,537
417,487
894,152
309
1,744
3,738
16,171
18,726
173,916
680,165
896,080
1,744
3,738
16,171
18,726
157,337
698,364
1996
Peoples Republic of China Summary Table, 19902009
Table 4.1.7
637,987
112,188
103,718
44,114
377,967
852,878
612
3,268
3,757
16,860
19,023
184,665
625,917
847,718
3,268
3,757
16,860
19,023
152,707
652,103
1997
579,448
92,811
16,630
66,325
50,353
353,328
846,743
616
3,508
3,676
17,894
21,673
195,038
605,570
832,767
3,508
3,676
17,894
21,673
161,003
625,013
1998
625,812
97,894
14,025
80,605
55,566
377,722
878,586
755
4,087
3,897
16,912
20,315
207,780
626,350
848,372
4,087
3,897
16,912
23,459
160,003
640,013
1999
634,676
99,264
14,140
81,851
60,078
379,343
905,175
717
4,089
4,363
19,134
22,401
224,662
631,243
865,531
4,089
4,363
19,134
25,323
163,003
649,618
2000
645,019
102,573
14,921
83,648
61,463
382,413
926,234
722
4,313
4,555
23,867
25,407
230,206
638,607
915,708
4,313
4,555
23,867
28,236
163,962
690,774
2001
2004
2005
2006
2007
4,629
11,299
24,405
32,599
169,603
6,073
13,152
30,405
39,268
175,873
5,996
13,835
34,143
47,429
181,353
5,673
14,292
37,478
54,513
184,766
6,429
16,191
41,733
64,462
186,318
861,017 1,043,000 1,143,269 1,239,304 1,322,584
2003
633
4,629
11,299
24,405
30,855
273,756
801,611
523
6,073
13,152
30,405
36,996
315,746
523
5,996
13,835
34,143
44,665
319,143
592
5,673
14,292
37,478
51,903
346,973
887
6,429
16,191
41,733
65,784
359,197
993,835 1,122,099 1,222,426 1,304,830
681,977
106,001
16,098
89,491
66,418
403,970
796,628
115,230
18,939
102,373
78,068
482,017
831,538
134,246
22,109
115,616
94,408
465,158
903,638
147,843
27,440
125,945
104,959
497,451
162,961
28,109
141,097
126,222
593,085
973,376 1,051,475
156,903
25,623
133,596
113,132
544,123
982,290 1,145,922 1,395,685 1,539,359 1,678,153 1,793,278
637
4,510
6,551
24,774
27,425
247,174
672,493
960,541 1,103,552 1,307,772 1,426,025 1,536,025 1,637,717
4,510
6,551
24,774
30,407
167,003
727,295
2002
2009
18,277
52,945
79,385
189,490
979
18,277
52,945
83,505
395,328
177,533
29,655
171,750
149,602
751,094
1,218,756 1,279,634
169,976
26,128
164,445
145,300
712,907
1,951,993 2,117,844
1,101
6,925
17,823
50,326
76,025
370,214
1,431,782 1,568,767
1,816,625 1,897,388
6,925
17,823
50,326
74,759
195,050
1,471,741 1,557,291
2008

251
1990
13,205
52,150
Gas
Electricity
Solar
Wind
Others
680
132,851
Gas
Total
716,008
71,431
8,922
796,362
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
624
12,387
Oil
873,652
9,639
89,363
774,651
170,348
16,155
119,784
Coal
153,569
Own Use
Total
677,140
10
124,670
552,460
536,378
17,005
45,046
10,271
99,542
364,514
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
621,179
Total
Geothermal
126,700
Hydro
Nuclear
494,479
Thermal
489,928
Others
Total
2,268
Biomass
84,065
Oil
Heat
338,239
Coal
902,727
10,184
94,157
798,386
189,208
763
16,421
172,024
752,650
520
130,660
621,470
565,652
18,623
50,214
10,824
97,320
388,670
1992
1994
86
21,099
57,270
17,781
14,042
12,833
190,577
804,315
660,681
3,151
19,132
60,634
27,667
124,639
425,458
1995
14,339
187,966
877,713
686,099
1,443
20,891
65,529
29,429
138,886
429,922
1996
14,418
195,983
924,071
637,987
1,546
21,788
74,269
23,602
147,781
369,001
1997
625,812
2,125
28,884
82,289
22,041
177,809
312,663
1999
634,676
2,080
31,600
90,621
24,087
189,483
296,805
2000
645,019
2,138
33,088
98,785
26,316
193,886
290,807
2001
681,977
2,176
35,727
110,371
28,015
209,398
296,290
2002
796,628
2,159
38,376
129,274
33,213
230,537
363,069
2003
831,538
3,164
35,992
147,690
33,274
269,497
341,921
2004
903,638
3,658
43,080
169,807
38,454
281,565
367,076
2005
2,926
50,486
229,950
53,248
322,395
392,470
2007
973,376 1,051,475
2,926
45,221
199,419
45,062
305,163
375,586
2006
14,100
208,000
14,949
196,580
16,737
222,414
17,472
277,432
25,127
287,974
43,342
283,681
3,709
50,469
353,544
2,819
53,088
397,017
5,494
54,843
435,786
11,226
62,130
485,264
944,099 1,025,704 1,114,186 1,183,425 1,338,136 1,580,361 1,795,588 2,045,018 2,369,604 2,722,934
579,448
1,050
22,520
77,188
27,964
140,343
310,382
1998
1,213
17,505
12,025
93,422
274,959
2,567
16,585
255,807
12,129
101,554
12,202
107,951
951,881 1,006,396
252,637
1,823
17,693
233,122
16,342
112,174
899,294
265,345
2,577
19,382
243,386
879,329 962,798 1,065,564 1,126,549 1,027,810
11,623
88,963
778,743 857,350
203,779 230,542
898
20,135
182,747 211,825
929,026
14,198
120,892
793,937
264,980
3,858
17,759
243,363
17,528
149,189
833,433
348,420
4,855
16,193
327,372
19,020
152,995
849,677
365,995
5,237
16,650
344,108
457,237
5,292
19,227
432,719
543,728
3,668
22,971
517,089
267,160
125,100
142,060
609,190
5,092
20,115
583,983
284,643
142,583
142,060
692,546
5,482
17,815
669,250
350,777
164,894
185,883
755,238
9,357
13,196
732,685
395,599
189,428
206,171
20,018
161,372
23,071
176,087
27,415
229,265
29,390
232,665
34,433
250,994
42,591
256,197
899,989 1,075,285 1,202,623 1,360,385 1,503,116 1,574,793
396,667
5,108
17,092
374,467
981,893 1,000,150 1,021,692 1,081,378 1,274,443 1,459,303 1,622,440 1,788,542 1,873,581
15,520
140,698
825,675
323,693
4,053
16,383
303,258
839,861 928,083 1,007,725 1,080,018 1,134,472 1,166,199 1,237,233 1,353,337 1,478,329 1,651,237 1,907,384 2,203,310 2,497,942 2,865,727 3,281,554
1,604
154,379 168,114
683,878 745,927
568,381 609,183
18,864
55,291
17,243
102,873 114,359
374,110 398,588
1993
54,322
261,801
136,593
350,417
476,501
2009
46,096
70,134
615,640
771,767
19,359
8,151
744,257
98,214
268,878
1,997,974 2,107,695
84,365
265,665
1,647,944 1,740,602
726,798
13,523
11,273
702,002
433,890
208,068
194,590
408,378
225,822
213,788
3,466,882 3,714,650
23,223
68,394
585,187
2,790,078 2,982,780
1,218,756 1,279,634
3,269
52,188
243,839
123,698
334,189
461,573
2008
252
534
1,791
0.70
1.22
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
422,661
554,443
29.0
30.6
440,501 559,225
632,065 714,865
29.8
728,007
792,786
31.4
856,085
872,064
32.3
34.0
34.9
35.8
36.7
37.6
38.6
39.5
40.4
41.3
42.2
952,653 1,019,459 1,083,278 1,198,475 1,324,807 1,453,828 1,640,959 1,931,644 2,256,903 2,712,951 3,494,056
953,166 1,027,513 1,105,604 1,198,475 1,297,948 1,416,062 1,557,668 1,714,992 1,908,786 2,151,202 2,456,673
33.2
1.32
0.76
1,799
455
14.9
7.2
1,105
1,365
0.47
0.58
26.8
330
422
1.30
0.77
1,628
501
5.9
4.5
1,020
1,253
0.49
0.60
27.9
363
476
1.23
0.75
1,391
546
1.3
0.2
899
1,130
0.48
0.61
29.0
374
536
1.21
0.81
1,347
559
0.1
0.9
852
1,110
0.51
0.67
30.1
469
600
1.24
0.88
1,344
585
5.3
1.5
833
1,082
0.55
0.71
30.5
604
658
1.26
0.93
1,292
626
9.5
0.2
787
1,025
0.56
0.73
30.9
703
716
1.21
0.84
1,078
702
17.3
0.6
669
895
0.52
0.69
10
30.9
774
775
1.10
0.75
904
723
17.5
1.7
564
824
0.47
0.68
11
31.1
821
827
1.12
0.78
888
764
23.0
3.4
566
795
0.50
0.70
12
31.4
865
883
1.10
0.79
835
835
27.4
4.4
530
755
0.50
0.72
13
32.1
949
949
1.10
0.80
787
903
28.8
1.1
497
714
0.51
0.73
14
32.2
1,042
1,021
1.10
0.84
764
1,003
32.4
2.2
482
694
0.53
0.77
16
32.5
1,135
1,106
1.11
0.99
818
1,167
38.0
3.7
511
736
0.62
0.89
18
34.0
1,274
1,209
1.05
1.13
851
1,325
44.3
6.3
485
814
0.64
1.08
21
33.6
1,490
1,323
1.05
1.24
850
1,515
43.2
7.4
473
806
0.69
1.18
24
33.0
1,731
1,464
1.07
1.36
831
1,769
46.7
8.5
452
780
0.74
1.28
28
33.2
2,069
1,641
1.04
1.42
763
2,029
48.1
8.7
428
730
0.80
1.36
33
33.9
2,651
1,864
1,364,402 1,558,147 1,776,288 2,008,982 2,227,961 2,450,757 2,678,677 2,887,614 3,107,073 3,368,067 3,647,616 3,979,550 4,377,504 4,819,632 5,364,251 6,045,511 6,903,973
379,469
485,502
28.2
1,150,780 1,164,970 1,178,440 1,191,835 1,204,855 1,217,550 1,230,075 1,241,935 1,252,735 1,262,645 1,271,850 1,280,400 1,288,400 1,296,075 1,303,720 1,311,020 1,317,885
1991
2009
44.0
1.02
1.51
742
2,141
47.3
6.9
453
725
0.92
1.47
38
33.8
3,414
2,033
1.00
1.58
717
2,287
52.1
10.4
435
720
0.96
1.59
47
34.8
3,749
2,208
7,566,755 8,262,896
4,521,827 4,991,256
2,692,514 2,940,225
43.1
1,324,655 1,331,380
2008
Sources: APERC (APEC Energy Database), APERC estimates, JAMA (2012), and World Bank.
7.9
1,102
2000 $ million)
21.0
1,471
2000 $ million)
0.43
0.58
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
314
25.9
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
392
356,937
1,249,453
2000 $)
444,599
27.4
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
1,135,185
Urban Population, %
1990

253
4.2 Hong Kong, China

1,104
7,004
234.8
100.0

Sources: ADB (2012), and World Bank.

Biomass: 7
Indigenous
Production: 65
Gas: 2,293
Coal: 7,767
Biomass: 65
Gas: 219
Stock Changes: 219
Imports: 10,067

Transformation
Losses: 5,813
Imports: 20,314
Oil: 19,318
Electricity: 997
Stock Changes: 613
Exports: 2
3,230

6,195
Stock Change: 835
Electricity: 3,572
(Discrepancy: 470)
Gas: 651
Oil: 2,623
Exports: 1,099
Commercial: 2,736
Residential: 1,360
Industry: 636
Transport: 2,155
Sector: 6,887
254
693
Type: 6,887
Biomass: 41
Hong Kong, China
Table 4.2.1
255

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
5,705
6,156
6,665
6,813
7,004
115.2
148.5
169.1
207.1
234.8
135.2
174.3
198.5
243.1
275.6
20,188
24,123
25,374
30,395
33,526
23,697
28,316
29,785
35,678
39,353
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Table 4.2.2

81
65
Net Imports
10,643
13,250
15,094
14,013
13,335
Total PES
10,643
13,250
15,094
14,094
13,400
Coal
6,008
5,751
4,125
6,870
7,154
Oil
4,790
6,961
8,186
4,552
2,988
16
2,007
2,033
2,512
Gas
Biomass
81
69
155
521
776
559
676
1.87
2.15
2.26
2.07
1.91
79
76
76
58
49
Industry
1,516
1,373
1,714
574
636
Transportation
3,136
5,132
6,088
2,334
2,155
Others
TPES/capita (toe)
Other Sectors
2,037
2,770
3,401
3,788
4,096
Total FEC
6,689
9,275
11,204
6,696
6,887
12
4,304
6,227
7,518
2,665
2,623
324
472
560
586
651
2,049
2,567
3,121
3,444
3,572
Biomass
41
Others
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
256
Figure 4.2.1

1990
2009
Others
0.2%
Commercial
0.0%
Industry
9.2%
Others
0.0%
Industry
22.7%
Residential
30.3%
Commercial
39.7%
Transport
46.9%
6,689 ktoe
Transport
31.3%
Residential
19.8%
6,887 ktoe

Figure 4.2.2

1990
Biomass
0.0%
2009
Coal
0.2%
Biomass
0.6%
Coal
0.0%
Electricity
30.6%
Oil
38.1%
Electricity
51.9%
Oil
64.3%
Gas
4.8%
Gas
9.5%
6,689 ktoe

6,887 ktoe
Hong Kong, China

14,000
Others 676
12,000
Biomass 0
Gas 0
Gas 2,512
10,000
ktoe
Oil 2,988
Oil 4,790
8,000
6,000
4,000
Coal 7,154
Coal 6,008
2,000
0
Others 155
2,000
1990
2009

Figure 4.2.4

1990
2009
Others
0.6%
Biomass
99.4%
0 ktoe
65 ktoe
Biomass 69
257
258
Figure 4.2.5

1990
2009
Others
0.3%
Others
0.0%
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
99.7%
28,938 GWh
41,432 GWh
Figure 4.2.6

1990
2009
Industry
7.5%
Commercial
0.0%
Transport
1.7%
Industry
29.1%
Residential
70.9%
23,830 GWh
Transport
0.0%
Residential
26.1%
Commercial
64.7%
41,530 GWh
Hong Kong, China
Figure 4.2.7

1990
2009
Gas
1.6%
Gas
14.0%
Oil
35.6%
Oil
18.9%
Coal
67.1%
Coal
62.8%
10,314 kt C
11,514 kt C

Figure 4.2.8
19902009
14,000
12,000
10,000
ktoe
8,000
6,000
4,000
Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2,000
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
259
260
Figure 4.2.9
19902009

19902009
14,000
18,000
16,000
12,000
14,000
10,000
12,000
10,000
ktoe
ktoe
8,000
6,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
2009
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1990
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Biomass
Oil


Figure 4.2.11
19902009
Figure 4.2.12
19902009
Gas
Biomass
Others
50,000
120
45,000
100
40,000
35,000
80
GWh
ktoe
30,000
60
25,000
20,000
40
15,000
10,000
20
Biomass

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
5,000
Thermal
Others
Hong Kong, China
Figure 4.2.13
19902009
261

10,000
16,000
9,000
14,000
8,000
12,000
7,000
10,000
kt C
ktoe
6,000
5,000
4,000
8,000
6,000
3,000
4,000
2,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal



Figure 4.2.16
19902009
160
120
100
80
60
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
CO2 Emissions
Gas
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
140
Oil
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2,000
1,000
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
32,169
3.
4.
129
81
162
243
243
2,355
191
2,790
554
590
37
627
3,971
188
11,089
1,187
16,436
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
430
430
94
336
33
363
19
24
24
24
24
24
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
91
91
91
1,590
88
1,769
209
1,567
129
2,281
100
3,818
104
104
30
30
134
475
5,048
827
6,484
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
6,851
6,851
6,851
331
7,182
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Hong Kong, China Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.2.3
76
52
128
128
330
459
459
10
469
LPG
4.5
4.6
858
590
590
1,452
162
3,760
227
5,277
Other
Petroleum
Products
0
11,960
324
238
562
562
19
581
581
2,164
1,583
2,164
21
2,185
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
46
46
46
93
93
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
846
2,229
3,076
3,076
58
335
3,469
885
3,806
3,806
548
389
937
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
44,257
1,252
2,629
3,880
3,880
2,414
546
6,840
601
885
5,293
5,301
13,627
540
11,089
1,577
26,740
93
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
262
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
37,316
3.
4.
112
74
171
245
245
2,370
319
2,935
597
363
30
393
3,924
619
12,163
960
17,666
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
456
456
100
356
11
37
404
20
22
22
22
22
22
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
96
96
96
1,573
72
1,741
229
1,518
100
2,127
127
3,872
248
248
24
24
272
280
6,228
646
7,425
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
7,478
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
7,478
7,480
245
7,727
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.2.4
73
56
128
128
335
464
464
44
419
LPG
4.5
4.6
926
363
363
1,294
273
3,808
150
5,524
Other
Petroleum
Products
7,214
354
270
625
625
21
646
397
397
1,224
827
1,870
172
2,041
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
1,141
98
98
98
98
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
870
2,280
3,150
3,150
60
313
3,523
89
921
3,937
3,937
595
347
942
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
45,783
1,299
2,722
4,020
4,020
2,429
656
7,106
1,083
921
35
4,893
4,858
13,968
1,036
12,163
1,309
28,377
98
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Hong Kong, China

263
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
31,957
3.
4.
176
68
159
227
227
2,084
453
2,764
766
351
36
387
3,917
428
10,669
838
15,852
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
435
435
83
352
36
384
19
20
20
20
20
20
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
88
88
88
1,289
453
1,831
356
1,481
32
1,222
181
2,852
361
30
30
391
256
5,689
439
6,775
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
6,850
6,850
6,850
296
7,146
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.2.5
67
51
118
118
355
474
474
46
428
LPG
4.5
4.6
844
351
351
1,199
254
3,758
181
5,393
Other
Petroleum
Products
0
8,369
335
238
573
573
19
593
223
1,500
1,277
1,870
171
2,041
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
1,201
98
98
100
98
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
886
2,282
3,169
3,169
60
291
3,520
103
629
3,586
3,586
666
306
972
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
41,703
1,289
2,682
3,971
3,971
2,144
764
6,879
869
629
127
4,897
5,025
13,402
895
10,669
1,146
26,015
98
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
264
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
30,701
3.
4.
205
64
157
220
220
2,095
308
2,623
32
288
45
333
2,988
835
14,717
778
19,318
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
443
443
69
374
27
404
21
22
22
22
22
22
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
87
87
87
1,280
189
1,557
222
17
17
1,795
52
4,259
90
6,196
118
118
118
28
28
28
929
5,689
527
7,172
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
7,154
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
7,154
7,154
613
7,767
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.2.6
63
48
111
111
368
479
479
63
417
LPG
4.5
4.6
288
288
290
86
4,769
133
5,106
Other
Petroleum
Products
0
10,382
366
264
630
630
22
651
1,861
1,861
2,512
219
2,293
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
143
37
41
16
12
28
69
65
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
931
2,311
3,242
3,242
60
270
3,572
438
229
3,563
3,563
676
321
997
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
41,432
1,360
2,736
4,096
4,096
2,155
636
6,887
470
229
16
288
5,509
5,813
13,400
1,229
14,717
1,101
30,381
65
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Hong Kong, China

265
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
4,790
155
10,643
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
12
6,689
Total
2,025
Residential
Others
3,136
Commercial
1,516
Industry
Transport
6,008
Coal
Coal
1990
427
7,044
12
2,167
3,494
1,370
8,023
11
2,312
3,980
1,720
12,694
263
11,409
6,173
6,947
1992
5,156
6,516
1991
8,437
19
2,456
4,493
1,468
13,280
387
6,496
7,171
1993
9,236
17
2,645
5,058
1,516
13,035
558
6,923
5,553
1994
9,275
16
2,754
5,132
1,373
13,250
521
16
6,961
5,751
1995
Hong Kong, China Summary Table, 19902009
Table 4.2.7
9,301
183
2,757
5,097
1,265
13,272
623
1,390
6,773
4,485
1996
9,564
15
2,995
5,309
1,245
13,170
629
2,146
6,734
3,662
1997
11,497
13
1,993
1,219
6,497
1,776
15,472
615
2,013
8,605
4,240
1998
12,664
13
2,048
1,168
7,256
2,179
16,299
780
2,220
9,750
3,550
1999
11,204
12
3,389
6,088
1,714
15,094
776
2,007
8,186
4,125
2000
10,904
13
2,252
1,216
5,889
1,535
15,256
890
2,025
7,784
4,556
2001
10,805
14
2,320
1,301
5,936
1,235
15,323
688
1,924
7,642
5,069
2002
10,532
15
2,351
1,348
5,626
1,192
15,592
635
1,237
7,319
6,401
2003
6,764
182
2,382
1,143
2,353
704
13,103
523
85
2,048
4,134
6,313
85
85
2004
6,696
128
2,440
1,220
2,334
574
14,094
559
81
2,033
4,552
6,870
81
81
2005
6,840
2,629
1,252
2,414
546
13,627
548
93
2,164
3,971
6,851
93
93
2006
7,106
2,722
1,299
2,429
656
13,968
595
98
1,870
3,924
7,480
98
98
2007
6,887
2,736
1,360
2,155
636
13,400
676
69
2,512
2,988
7,154
65
65
2009
6,879
2,682
1,289
2,144
764
13,402
666
100
1,870
3,917
6,850
98
98
2008
266
1990
324
Gas
Others
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
6,122
Gas
Total
6,477
3,673
164
10,314
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
126
Oil
11,171
177
3,969
7,025
6,782
278
5,996
Coal
6,504
Own Use
Total
31,807
31,807
7,044
2,177
349
4,506
12
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
28,938
Nuclear
Total
28,938
Hydro
Thermal
6,689
Biomass
Total
Heat
2,049
4,304
Oil
Electricity
12
Coal
12,467
198
4,776
7,492
7,303
366
6,936
34,914
34,914
8,023
2,249
391
5,371
11
1992
12,945
209
5,004
7,733
7,558
400
7,159
36,394
36,394
8,437
2,384
413
5,628
13
1993
11,507
226
5,294
5,987
5,667
124
5,543
26,741
26,741
9,236
2,509
446
6,270
10
1994
11,741
249
5,289
6,203
5,927
16
169
5,742
27,916
27,916
9,275
2,567
472
6,227
1995
10,968
1,141
4,993
4,835
5,979
1,390
114
4,476
28,440
28,440
9,301
2,720
494
6,077
1996
10,837
1,635
5,255
3,948
5,895
2,146
95
3,655
28,943
28,943
9,564
2,772
514
6,270
1997
12,815
1,550
6,691
4,574
6,322
2,013
75
4,234
31,414
31,414
11,497
2,996
515
7,981
1998
13,184
1,691
7,666
3,828
5,823
2,220
59
3,544
29,496
29,496
12,664
2,992
531
9,135
1999
12,292
1,569
6,272
4,451
6,164
2,007
37
4,121
31,330
31,330
11,204
3,121
560
7,518
2000
12,430
1,587
5,926
4,917
6,615
2,025
37
4,552
32,429
32,429
10,904
3,204
571
7,125
2001
12,747
1,523
5,755
5,470
7,030
1,924
42
5,064
34,312
34,312
10,805
3,275
573
6,953
2002
13,524
1,087
5,499
6,938
7,707
1,237
47
6,423
35,506
35,506
10,532
3,306
580
6,639
2003
10,808
1,607
2,355
6,846
8,442
2,048
57
6,337
3,981
2,301
1,680
37,131
37,131
6,764
3,373
583
2,807
2004
11,232
1,599
2,213
7,421
8,939
2,033
38
6,869
4,904
4,904
38,451
38,451
6,696
3,444
586
2,665
2005
11,396
1,681
2,314
7,401
9,053
2,164
37
6,851
10,292
5,645
4,648
44,257
44,257
6,840
3,469
581
2,790
2006
11,712
1,198
2,434
8,080
8,732
1,224
30
7,478
10,712
5,694
5,018
45,783
1,141
44,642
7,106
3,523
646
2,935
2007
11,514
1,609
2,177
7,728
9,060
1,861
45
7,154
10,946
1,261
2,286
7,399
8,386
1,500
36
6,850
104
104
2,511
7,316
41,432
143
41,288
6,887
41
3,572
651
2,623
2009
4,805
41,703
1,201
40,502
6,879
3,520
593
2,764
2008
Hong Kong, China

267
100.0
100.0
4,178
90
person)

2000 $ million)
0.98
1.94
92
4,401
100.0
100.0
58
94
1.22
1.98
70
8.7
0.98
2.15
97
4,509
100.0
100.0
62
98
1.38
2.19
78
7.6
17,930
22,263
151,584
104,002
129,137
99.7
5,801
1992
99.9
6,035
1994
0.97
2.19
95
4,698
100.0
100.0
62
97
1.43
2.25
81
6.1
20,328
23,206
0.88
1.91
79
4,835
100.0
100.0
64
90
1.53
2.16
82
5.1
22,458
24,054
160,744 170,410
119,958 135,542
136,941 145,176
99.8
5,901
1993
0.89
1.91
79
4,850
100.0
100.0
62
89
1.51
2.15
78
4.7
23,429
24,123
174,318
144,230
148,505
100.0
6,156
1995
0.83
1.70
71
4,915
100.0
100.0
60
86
1.45
2.06
76
4.1
24,701
24,044
181,627
158,966
154,732
100.0
6,436
1996
0.82
1.67
67
4,969
100.0
100.0
59
81
1.47
2.03
79
3.6
27,170
25,050
190,811
176,312
162,556
100.0
6,489
1997
0.83
1.96
84
5,325
100.0
100.0
75
101
1.76
2.36
80
3.4
25,507
23,345
179,312
166,909
152,759
100.0
6,544
1998
0.81
2.00
84
5,268
100.0
100.0
81
104
1.92
2.47
71
3.2
24,716
23,714
183,895
163,283
156,664
100.0
6,607
1999
0.81
1.84
73
5,446
100.0
100.0
66
89
1.68
2.26
74
3.3
25,374
25,374
198,517
169,121
169,121
100.0
6,665
2000
0.81
1.85
73
5,549
100.0
100.0
64
90
1.62
2.27
69
3.2
24,812
25,313
199,504
166,593
169,962
100.0
6,714
2001
0.83
1.89
74
5,647
100.0
100.0
62
89
1.60
2.27
81
3.1
24,285
25,666
203,177
163,781
173,091
100.0
6,744
2002
0.87
2.01
76
5,713
100.0
100.0
59
87
1.56
2.32
98
2.8
23,559
26,489
209,285
158,572
178,294
100.0
6,731
2003
0.82
1.59
56
5,784
100.0
99.4
35
68
1.00
1.93
104
2.4
24,454
28,509
227,004
165,886
193,390
100.0
6,784
2004
0.80
1.65
54
5,879
100.0
99.4
32
68
0.98
2.07
104
2.1
26,092
30,395
243,081
177,772
207,086
100.0
6,813
2005
0.84
1.66
51
5,883
100.0
99.3
31
61
1.00
1.99
105
1.7
27,699
32,320
260,145
189,932
221,623
100.0
6,857
2006
0.84
1.69
50
5,915
100.0
99.3
30
59
1.03
2.02
106
1.6
29,900
34,044
276,766
207,087
235,783
100.0
6,926
2007
0.82
1.57
45
5,867
100.0
99.3
29
56
0.99
1.92
107
1.7
30,865
34,570
283,149
215,366
241,221
100.0
6,978
2008
0.86
1.64
49
5,931
100.0
99.5
29
57
0.98
1.91
108
1.6
29,882
33,526
275,616
209,283
234,803
100.0
7,004
2009
0.97
58
2000 $ million)
1.81
92
2000 $ million)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
1.17
CO2/capita (t C)
1.87
66
10.3
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
13,478
15,444
21,161
20,188
2000 $)
88,833
142,878
76,887
135,180
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
121,721
99.6
5,752
1991
115,163
99.5
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
5,705
Urban Population, %
1990
268
4.3 Republic of Korea

99,900
126.0
48,747
0.1
2.0
753.8
100.0

Sources: ADB (2012), World Bank, and WEC (2010).

Coal: 762
Biomass: 21
Others: 160
Indigenous
Production:
47,139
Gas: 30,212
Oil: 117,637
Biomass: 2,959
Nuclear: 38,509
Oil: 3,418
Coal: 1,159
Hydro: 485
Coal: 62,744
Gas: 449
Gas: 1.053
Imports: 210,613
Transformation
Losses: 73,049
Oil: 31,641
Imports: 31,820
Coal: 179
Exports: 325
Oil: 2,835
Others: 2,835
165,368
Transfers: 2,726

123,030
24,408
Biomass: 2,223
Heat: 4,437
Electricity: 34,890
Gas: 18,122
Oil: 79,941
Exports: 44,005
Coal: 7,772
Others: 53
Others: 41,361
Commercial: 19,241
Residential: 18,641
Transport: 29,302
Industry: 38,892
269
270
Table 4.3.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
42,869
45,093
47,008
48,138
48,747
295.6
430.5
533.4
664.4
753.8
Socioeconomic Data
488.0
710.7
880.5
1,096.7
1,244.3
6,895
9,548
11,347
13,802
15,463
11,383
15,761
18,730
22,783
25,525
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Table 4.3.2

22,622
21,382
35,193
45,103
47,139
Net Imports
70,465
123,609
153,721
167,266
184,868
Total PES
93,088
144,991
188,914
212,369
232,007
Coal
25,558
26,611
41,951
49,571
64,844
Oil
49,734
91,126
99,650
94,496
93,315
Gas
2,725
8,323
17,011
27,415
31,713
Biomass
731
969
1,379
2,141
2,980
14,339
17,961
28,922
38,747
39,155
TPES/capita (toe)
2.17
3.22
4.02
4.41
4.76
191
204
215
194
186
Industry
19,262
28,906
38,108
38,610
38,892
Transportation
14,573
24,257
26,266
29,187
29,302
Others
Other Sectors
31,073
51,521
62,738
72,663
79,244
Total FEC
64,908
104,684
127,112
140,460
147,438
Coal
11,717
7,407
9,071
7,747
7,772
Oil
43,661
77,543
79,877
79,650
79,941
674
3,996
10,928
15,986
18,122
8,117
14,041
22,628
30,756
34,890
Biomass
729
908
1,274
1,786
2,223
Others
10
789
3,334
4,534
4,489
Gas
Electricity
Republic of Korea
Figure 4.3.1

1990
2009
Commercial
13.4%
Industry
26.4%
Others
28.1%
Others
14.5%
Industry
29.7%
Residential
Transport
19.9%
22.5%
Commercial
13.1%
Transport
19.9%
Residential
12.6%
64,908 ktoe
147,438 ktoe

Figure 4.3.2

1990
Biomass
1.1%
Heat
0.0%
Electricity
12.5%
Gas
1.0%
Others
0.0%
Coal
18.1%
Oil
67.3%
64,908 ktoe
2009
Biomass
1.5%
Heat
3.0%
Others
0.0%
Coal
5.3%
Electricity
23.7%
Gas
12.3%
Oil
54.2%
147,438 ktoe
271

250,000
Others 160
Biomass 2,980
Nuclear 38,509
200,000
Hydro 485
Gas 31,713
150,000
ktoe
272
100,000
Nuclear, 13,782
50,000
Others 10
Biomass 731
Hydro 547
Gas 2,725
Oil 93,315
Oil 49,734
Coal 64,844
Coal 25,558
1990
2009

Figure 4.3.4

1990
2009
Others
0.3%
Biomass
3.1%
Others
0.0%
Coal
2.5%
Biomass
6.3%
Oil
7.3%
Coal
33.5%
Nuclear
60.9%
Oil
0.0%
Gas
0.0%
Hydro
2.4%
22,622 ktoe
Nuclear
81.7%
47,139 ktoe
Gas
1.0%
Hydro
1.0%
Republic of Korea
Figure 4.3.5

1990
2009
Others
0.4%
Others
0.0%
Nuclear
50.2%
Nuclear
32.5%
Thermal
43.8%
Thermal
65.8%
Hydro
6.0%
Hydro
1.2%
105,371 GWh
454,290 GWh
Figure 4.3.6

1990
2009
Others
2.3%
Others
1.5%
Commercial
17.4%
Commercial
33.9%
Residential
18.8%
Industry
49.1%
Industry
61.2%
Transport
1.1%
Residential
14.2%
Transport
0.5%
94,384 GWh
405,699 GWh
273
Figure 4.3.7

1990
2009
Gas
2.1%
Gas
13.5%
Oil
43.4%
Oil
29.2%
Coal
54.5%
83,718 kt C
Coal
57.3%
147,782 kt C

Figure 4.3.8
19902009
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
ktoe
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
274
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
Republic of Korea
Figure 4.3.9
19902009
275

19902009
250,000
160,000
140,000
200,000
120,000
150,000
ktoe
ktoe
100,000
80,000
100,000
60,000
40,000
50,000
20,000
Coal
Gas
Oil
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Others
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro

Figure 4.3.11
19902009
Figure 4.3.12
19902009
500,000
45,000
450,000
40,000
400,000
35,000
350,000
30,000
300,000
GWh
50,000
25,000
200,000
15,000
150,000
10,000
100,000
5,000
50,000
Oil
Gas
Hydro

Nuclear
Biomass
Others
Others
250,000
20,000
Coal
Biomass
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe

Nuclear
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Others
276
Figure 4.3.13
19902009

160,000
60,000
140,000
50,000
120,000
100,000
kt C
ktoe
40,000
30,000
80,000
60,000
20,000
40,000
10,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal



Figure 4.3.16
19902009
370
140
360
160
120
100
80
60
40
20
Gas

300
250
350
340
200
330
320
150
310
100
300
290
50
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
270
CO2 Emission
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
280
1990
Oil
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20,000
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
36,059
152,914
4,482
4,482
613
3.
4.
1,104
1,104
1,104
2,764
3,868
792
6,826
2,369
4,457
204
204
98,898
23,792
7,252
33
48
129,109
129,061
2,085
123,926
1,485
122,758
2,655
32,244
3,100
3,449
3,933
7,382
10,482
28,558
7,367
78,651
8,426
4,913
14
126,202
5,276
120,911
2,290
31,211
1,021
13,406
39,130
22,346
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
7,471
7,471
69
9,276
9,276
687
2,561
82
2,479
36
345
2,021
1,424
3,445
3,790
11
363
4,200
191
12
5,544
142
5,401
94
904
324
624
44
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
262
2,186
496
375
871
3,057
15,218
1,165
19,439
18
23
33,004
27
32,976
26
13,558
376
1,032
12,411
166
242
409
651
817
504
5,565
6,885
531
2,494
31,332
4,491
26,841
239
17,169
216
9,396
8,901
1,343
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14,873
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
33,768
48,641
52,510
1,050
50,203
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
1,257
Coal
1.
Republic of Korea Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.3.3
1,687
22
690
1,653
2,344
2,365
4,377
169
8,598
574
3,530
3,530
430
5,213
32
75
5,321
LPG
4.5
4.6
30,521
382
71
71
453
977
106
32,057
7,217
2,384
14
43,517
615
42,888
1,002
2,232
2,978
14,639
15,377
Other
Petroleum
Products
44,394
72,656
25
8,273
3,183
11,457
11,482
452
4,366
16,300
628
415
73
12,680
12,607
28,694
1,249
29,550
393
Gas
5.
5,219
449
449
449
449
Hydro
6.
148,749
38,764
38,764
38,764
38,764
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
31
Solar
9.
239
21
21
21
21
Wind
10.
284
50
332
382
382
1,616
1,997
31
391
422
2,425
28
2,397
Biomass
11.
27
11
39
39
39
39
39
Others
12.
627
4,518
10,279
14,797
15,425
218
16,294
31,936
2,814
34,746
34,746
Electricity
13.
1,367
182
1,549
1,549
2,856
4,405
17
91
4,513
4,513
Heat
14.
179,351
403,884
32,244
3,753
18,789
17,920
36,709
40,462
29,228
39,746
141,680
49
9,058
8,047
2,907
73
54,461
65,340
205
215,823
2,705
13,406
39,132
225,089
45,978
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Republic of Korea
277
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
33,795
170,704
4,779
4,779
245
15,633
3.
4.
382
1,001
1,001
1,001
2,438
3,821
1,841
7,918
2,614
5,304
358
358
105,208
25,182
8,657
35
90
130,786
130,696
1,860
123,933
670
27
120,849
2,440
34,538
3,139
3,105
3,704
6,809
9,949
29,435
6,982
80,904
9,625
5,072
73
126,438
5,085
121,280
1,942
27,621
181
12,849
39,317
24,364
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
7,804
7,804
104
9,060
9,060
765
1,916
14
1,903
28
327
1,673
1,159
2,832
3,159
321
3,516
18
39
3,922
111
3,810
334
60
160
165
66
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
2,230
525
375
900
3,131
15,440
1,173
19,745
117
25
35,003
24
34,978
64
15,155
247
1,066
14,055
214
201
222
505
726
928
487
4,976
6,391
373
2,467
27,842
4,669
23,173
105
14,046
200
8,614
6,524
892
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
35,584
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
51,217
55,752
307
54,117
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
1,328
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.3.4
2,298
10
685
1,604
2,289
2,299
4,656
400
9,653
83
44
3,335
3,335
466
5,814
91
51
5,774
LPG
4.5
4.6
32,212
370
61
61
432
1,040
112
33,795
9,132
2,496
71
47,277
281
46,925
876
2,378
3,169
16,620
17,419
Other
Petroleum
Products
48,072
82,360
8,227
3,296
11,523
11,527
576
4,710
16,812
319
326
78
14,390
14,312
31,131
899
29,915
317
Gas
5.
5,042
434
434
434
434
Hydro
6.
142,937
37,249
37,249
37,249
37,249
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
70
Solar
9.
376
32
32
32
32
Wind
10.
419
43
345
389
389
1,778
2,167
57
495
552
2,725
29
2,696
Biomass
11.
24
16
40
40
40
40
40
Others
12.
670
4,661
10,854
15,515
16,185
211
17,245
33,642
47
3,060
36,749
36,749
Electricity
13.
1,391
201
1,592
1,592
2,998
4,590
13
141
4,744
4,744
Heat
14.
187,075
427,090
34,920
3,813
18,453
18,416
36,869
40,682
30,222
40,931
146,756
471
10,474
40
7,715
4,348
78
54,397
66,422
82
224,040
2,057
12,849
39,344
229,633
44,543
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
278
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
42,005
191,761
5,021
5,021
67
3.
4.
444
1,053
1,053
1,053
2,913
4,410
2,005
8,707
2,782
5,925
490
490
86,928
15,351
8,606
33
164
128,789
128,625
2,583
122,635
901
243
118,857
3,120
34,779
2,674
3,150
3,372
6,522
9,195
27,947
6,014
77,935
9,373
5,598
54
123,787
3,100
120,634
2,705
30,432
878
12,938
44,712
26,340
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
7,860
7,860
74
10,853
10,853
762
3,682
179
3,861
28
295
1,826
1,228
3,054
3,349
322
3,706
117
4,218
87
4,131
185
116
167
319
36
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
158
1,888
483
317
801
2,689
14,593
1,177
18,459
158
18
36,654
27
36,627
15
17,976
605
880
17,859
136
201
387
588
724
531
4,136
5,392
80
2,265
22,761
2,640
20,121
176
12,560
12
8,252
5,396
1,100
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
17,142
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
40,181
57,323
62,277
15
61,017
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
1,276
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.3.5
2,483
13
639
1,377
2,017
2,029
4,679
271
9,462
613
101
3,392
3,392
598
6,186
147
36
6,370
LPG
4.5
4.6
32,269
341
63
63
404
275
108
33,056
8,331
3,207
54
45,908
345
45,510
1,369
2,285
86
3,806
17,241
18,677
Other
Petroleum
Products
57,126
81,332
8,237
3,153
11,389
11,395
715
5,472
17,582
254
403
201
14,289
14,088
31,818
1,723
33,347
195
Gas
5.
5,563
478
478
478
478
Hydro
6.
150,958
39,340
39,340
39,340
39,340
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
285
24
24
24
24
Solar
9.
436
37
37
37
37
Wind
10.
549
29
362
392
392
1,889
2,281
105
566
670
2,951
26
2,925
Biomass
11.
22
21
43
43
44
44
44
Others
12.
721
4,836
11,393
16,228
16,949
191
17,225
34,365
109
3,918
38,393
38,393
Electricity
13.
1,469
257
1,726
1,726
2,996
4,722
13
82
4,816
4,816
Heat
14.
186,059
446,235
35,222
3,400
18,796
18,557
37,353
40,753
28,853
41,531
146,359
567
12,039
8,435
5,003
201
57,588
70,819
121
229,663
41
12,938
44,955
240,077
47,439
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Republic of Korea
279
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
51,178
208,864
4,010
4,010
518
15,545
3.
4.
380
893
893
893
2,489
3,762
1,852
7,741
2,306
5,435
179
179
67,293
19,811
10,233
24
234
125,448
125,214
2,726
117,732
2,998
325
117,637
3,418
37,287
2,904
2,932
3,425
6,357
9,261
28,220
5,173
79,941
9,414
5,321
44
120,283
3,945
116,294
2,800
24,417
35
12,088
44,005
31,641
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
8,212
8,212
217
12,757
12,757
841
5,168
167
5,001
27
290
1,653
1,461
3,114
3,404
304
3,741
222
4,757
94
4,662
699
13
722
10
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
2,029
427
289
716
2,745
14,414
1,118
18,277
129
19
36,379
20
36,358
17,927
259
881
17,106
320
129
181
302
483
613
512
3,613
4,737
117
2,072
18,793
3,543
15,250
47
8,371
64
7,517
3,948
3,030
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
45,628
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
61,173
64,665
762
62,744
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
1,159
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.3.6
2,655
24
671
1,342
2,013
2,037
4,808
38
9,537
930
25
3,448
3,448
513
6,532
236
6,305
LPG
4.5
4.6
34,606
432
30
30
462
268
99
35,435
7,798
3,198
44
44,150
288
43,818
1,398
1,216
149
3,689
17,219
21,976
Other
Petroleum
Products
54,157
70,278
8,267
3,324
11,591
11,595
895
5,632
18,122
846
574
224
12,394
12,170
31,713
1,053
30,212
449
Gas
5.
5,641
485
485
485
485
Hydro
6.
147,771
38,509
38,509
38,509
38,509
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
566
49
49
49
49
Solar
9.
685
59
59
59
59
Wind
10.
674
24
457
481
481
1,742
2,223
150
607
757
2,980
21
2,959
Biomass
11.
23
29
52
52
53
53
53
Others
12.
786
4,961
11,814
16,775
17,561
187
17,142
34,890
17
4,214
39,087
39,087
Electricity
13.
1,541
193
1,734
1,734
2,703
4,437
117
4,552
4,552
Heat
14.
172,628
454,290
37,667
3,694
18,641
19,241
37,883
41,577
29,302
38,892
147,438
508
12,103
40
7,804
5,165
224
60,344
73,049
74
232,007
1,147
12,088
44,330
242,433
47,139
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
280
19,262
14,573
12,942
8,693
9,438
64,908
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
93,088
10
Total
Others
731
Biomass
Wind
13,782
Nuclear
547
Hydro
2,725
Gas
Solar
49,734
Oil
Geothermal
25,558
Coal
22,622
10
Total
707
Others
Wind
Biomass
13,782
Nuclear
547
Hydro
Solar
Geothermal
Gas
7,576
Oil
Coal
1990
13
71,999
12,489
10,251
11,175
16,320
21,764
81,343
17,606
12,562
10,092
18,135
22,949
111,064
11
100,077
701
14,732
418
4,059
68,875
22,266
20,546
13
684
14,732
418
4,699
1992
655
14,675
434
3,152
55,981
25,168
22,331
11
630
14,675
434
6,580
1991
17
693
15,284
352
6,866
83,417
25,615
19,419
17
680
15,284
352
3,085
1994
89,285
19,310
15,380
8,938
20,449
25,209
96,462
21,918
16,855
8,512
21,608
27,569
124,557 132,245
14
735
15,151
517
5,175
78,047
24,918
20,214
14
720
15,151
517
3,812
1993
104,684
23,342
18,544
9,635
24,257
28,906
144,991
22
969
17,468
471
8,323
91,126
26,611
21,382
22
956
17,468
471
2,465
1995
Republic of Korea Summary Table, 19902009
Table 4.3.7
111,711
24,355
20,228
10,537
25,623
30,968
157,518
32
832
19,265
447
10,916
97,337
28,688
22,728
32
829
19,265
447
2,154
1996
118,596
29,081
21,450
10,966
26,214
30,885
171,913
46
917
20,089
465
13,330
105,231
31,836
24,410
46
899
20,089
465
929
1,983
1997
106,566
29,772
16,994
10,083
21,968
27,749
156,912
44
991
23,373
525
12,494
87,138
32,349
27,649
44
975
23,373
525
808
1,924
1998
117,996
30,970
18,738
13,162
24,213
30,914
173,499
42
1,103
26,858
522
15,210
95,328
34,436
31,249
42
1,088
26,858
522
892
1,845
1999
127,112
30,465
17,237
15,036
26,266
38,108
188,914
42
1,379
28,396
482
17,011
99,650
41,951
35,193
42
1,352
28,396
482
1,281
3,638
2000
129,509
31,097
16,981
15,920
27,387
38,125
191,707
37
1,426
29,222
514
18,739
96,285
45,482
35,598
37
1,399
29,222
514
1,072
3,353
2001
135,395
32,737
17,132
17,604
29,196
38,727
199,297
35
1,568
31,038
457
21,210
97,925
47,062
35,513
35
1,538
31,038
457
967
1,477
2002
137,729
33,957
17,480
17,948
29,825
38,521
203,400
33
1,803
33,793
594
22,008
96,505
48,661
38,663
33
1,777
33,793
594
997
1,468
2003
138,463
33,601
17,914
17,283
30,081
39,584
210,036
37
2,007
34,064
506
25,288
97,950
50,179
40,055
37
1,981
34,064
506
2,041
1,421
2004
140,460
34,966
19,286
18,411
29,187
38,610
212,369
37
2,141
11
38,251
446
27,415
94,496
49,571
45,103
37
2,114
11
38,251
446
441
2,541
1,261
2005
141,680
35,997
17,920
18,789
29,228
39,746
215,823
39
2,425
21
38,764
449
28,694
92,715
52,714
45,978
39
2,397
21
38,764
449
393
2,655
1,257
2006
146,756
38,733
18,416
18,453
30,222
40,931
224,040
40
2,725
32
37,249
434
31,131
96,312
56,110
44,543
40
2,696
32
37,249
434
317
2,440
1,328
2007
147,438
41,361
19,241
18,641
29,302
38,892
232,007
53
2,980
59
49
38,509
485
31,713
93,315
64,844
47,139
53
2,959
59
49
38,509
485
449
3,418
1,159
2009
146,359
38,622
18,557
18,796
28,853
41,531
229,663
44
2,951
37
24
39,340
478
31,818
92,203
62,767
47,439
44
2,925
37
24
39,340
478
195
3,120
1,276
2008
Republic of Korea
281
1990
674
Gas
Others
8,714
Total
2,037
12,504
Gas
Total
45,627
36,336
1,755
83,718
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
2,106
4,512
Oil
88,737
2,031
42,239
44,468
14,677
6,295
5,955
Coal
6,276
8,320
5,081
Own Use
5,586
3,633
2,734
114,820
56,311
5,051
53,457
71,999
11
651
8,976
1,028
50,827
10,505
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
105,371
Wind
Total
Solar
52,887
Nuclear
6,361
Geothermal
46,122
Hydro
64,908
Thermal
Total
10
Others
729
Biomass
Heat
8,117
43,661
Oil
Electricity
11,717
Coal
90,695
2,673
48,300
39,723
17,333
2,603
7,852
6,877
8,509
5,979
2,530
126,170
56,530
4,863
64,775
81,343
13
697
9,911
1,469
60,803
8,450
1992
96,462
17
679
467
12,602
2,867
72,389
7,440
1994
58,651
4,098
4,451
56,656
40,902
22,123
3,436
8,048
10,639
14,607
7,135
7,472
97,318 102,009
3,326
52,579
41,412
19,175
2,946
7,409
8,819
14,668
6,476
8,192
144,814 163,516
58,138
6,006
80,667 100,764
89,285
14
729
10,985
2,161
67,550
7,846
1993
109,168
5,392
61,940
41,837
24,887
3,577
9,455
11,854
16,920
8,070
8,850
183,857
250
67,029
5,478
111,098
104,684
22
908
767
14,041
3,996
77,543
7,407
1995
116,507
7,150
63,206
46,150
27,901
4,723
8,351
14,827
19,171
8,667
10,504
205,382
403
73,924
5,201
125,851
111,711
32
752
839
15,692
5,335
81,186
7,873
1996
122,247
8,701
64,551
48,994
32,477
5,524
9,862
17,091
20,522
9,577
10,945
224,702
77
77,086
5,403
142,132
118,596
46
879
848
17,267
6,750
85,058
7,748
1997
106,174
8,144
47,931
50,100
26,360
4,314
3,277
18,768
22,328
9,774
12,554
217,886
56
89,689
6,099
122,036
106,566
44
930
762
16,638
7,292
73,886
7,013
1998
115,422
9,994
53,613
51,815
28,447
4,860
3,550
20,038
21,059
10,991
10,068
237,477
71
103,064
6,066
128,265
117,996
42
1,016
1,023
18,422
9,228
81,002
7,263
1999
127,428
11,198
55,134
61,097
33,243
4,626
4,762
23,856
24,886
12,435
12,451
290,090
57
17
108,964
5,610
175,437
127,112
42
1,274
3,292
22,628
10,928
79,877
9,071
2000
131,162
12,286
54,562
64,314
37,270
5,548
5,239
26,482
25,176
13,086
12,090
310,905
57
13
112,133
5,972
192,724
129,509
37
1,261
3,241
24,215
11,521
79,481
9,753
2001
129,855
13,504
54,122
62,228
37,863
6,439
4,375
27,048
28,491
14,587
13,904
331,786
135
15
119,103
5,311
207,215
135,395
35
1,303
3,336
25,868
13,097
82,069
9,687
2002
132,724
14,070
53,177
65,478
41,170
6,290
4,264
30,617
26,558
15,526
11,032
345,093
148
25
129,672
6,903
208,337
137,729
33
1,521
3,259
27,353
14,013
82,486
9,063
2003
135,690
16,804
51,153
67,732
44,518
9,313
2,899
32,307
28,231
15,437
12,794
368,047
253
47
10
130,715
5,880
231,142
138,463
37
1,670
4,343
29,063
14,514
79,968
8,869
2004
133,563
17,649
49,562
66,351
44,357
9,640
2,652
32,066
30,323
16,595
13,728
389,271
221
130
15
146,779
5,189
236,937
140,460
37
1,786
4,497
30,756
15,986
79,650
7,747
2005
136,585
18,830
47,218
70,537
48,739
11,355
2,324
35,060
30,403
15,816
14,587
403,884
284
239
31
148,749
5,219
249,362
141,680
39
1,997
4,405
31,936
16,300
78,651
8,350
2006
142,414
20,196
46,922
75,295
52,089
12,955
1,944
37,190
32,291
16,946
15,345
427,090
419
376
70
142,937
5,042
278,246
146,756
40
2,167
4,590
33,642
16,812
80,904
8,600
2007
147,782
19,916
43,141
84,725
59,120
10,777
1,936
46,406
147,220
20,674
42,938
83,608
54,797
12,584
504
41,709
36,296
19,526
17,767
33,873
16,770
454,290
674
685
566
147,771
5,641
298,953
147,438
53
2,223
4,437
34,890
18,122
79,941
7,772
2009
16,106
446,235
549
436
285
150,958
5,563
288,444
146,359
44
2,281
4,722
34,365
17,582
77,935
9,431
2008
282
6,153
20.9
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
2,202
283
1.95
0.90
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.89
2.05
274
2,413
100.0
77.7
223
309
1.66
2.31
98
20.9
7,123
0.82
2.08
265
2,640
100.0
81.5
238
324
1.86
2.54
120
20.5
7,555
7,841
565,162
329,886
342,368
75.6
43,663
1992
77.3
44,453
1994
0.78
2.21
268
2,900
100.0
83.8
246
343
2.03
2.83
142
20.3
8,220
8,248
0.77
2.29
259
3,297
100.0
85.3
245
335
2.17
2.97
167
20.9
9,525
8,872
599,828 651,032
362,136 423,434
363,368 394,387
76.4
44,056
1993
0.75
2.42
254
3,621
100.0
85.3
243
337
2.32
3.22
188
21.3
11,468
9,548
710,725
517,118
430,549
78.2
45,093
1995
0.74
2.56
253
4,009
100.0
85.6
242
342
2.45
3.46
210
21.2
12,249
10,119
760,466
557,644
460,681
78.5
45,525
1996
0.71
2.66
254
4,370
99.1
85.8
246
357
2.58
3.74
227
21.3
11,235
10,491
795,835
516,283
482,107
78.8
45,954
1997
0.68
2.29
236
4,181
99.1
82.4
237
349
2.30
3.39
226
21.0
7,463
9,702
741,285
345,432
449,061
79.0
46,287
1998
0.67
2.48
235
4,596
99.1
82.0
240
353
2.53
3.72
239
23.4
9,554
10,547
811,605
445,399
491,661
79.3
46,617
1999
0.67
2.71
239
5,598
98.7
81.4
238
354
2.70
4.02
257
25.2
11,347
11,347
880,480
533,384
533,384
79.6
47,008
2000
0.68
2.77
237
5,947
98.9
81.4
234
346
2.73
4.05
273
24.8
10,655
11,711
915,466
504,586
554,578
79.8
47,357
2001
643,762
610,885
80.3
47,859
2003
721,975
639,102
80.6
48,039
2004
844,863
664,392
80.8
48,138
2005
734,479
81.2
48,456
2007
951,773 1,049,236
698,799
81.0
48,297
2006
0.65
2.73
219
6,317
99.0
82.2
228
335
2.84
4.18
293
25.2
12,094
12,478
0.65
2.77
217
6,647
99.0
81.0
225
333
2.88
4.25
305
25.8
13,451
12,764
0.65
2.82
212
7,036
97.9
80.9
217
329
2.88
4.37
311
27.2
15,029
13,304
0.63
2.77
201
7,431
97.3
78.8
211
320
2.92
4.41
320
27.8
17,551
13,802
0.63
2.83
195
7,690
97.1
78.7
203
309
2.93
4.47
329
28.5
19,707
14,469
0.64
2.94
194
8,075
97.5
80.1
200
305
3.03
4.62
339
29.1
21,653
15,158
980,921 1,008,414 1,054,993 1,096,741 1,153,538 1,212,435
575,929
594,230
80.1
47,622
2002
834,060
753,760
81.7
48,747
2009
0.64
3.03
196
8,222
96.6
79.3
195
306
3.01
4.72
346
29.2
19,162
15,458
0.64
3.03
196
8,324
96.3
79.7
196
308
3.02
4.76
355
28.7
17,110
15,463
1,240,302 1,244,265
931,402
751,360
81.5
48,607
2008
CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatthour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatthour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil equivalent,
75.7
220
2000 $ million)
100.0
315
2000 $ million)
1.51
2.17
79
7,474
6,895
2000 $)

persons)
533,798
487,962
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
308,185
263,777
323,368
74.7
43,268
295,602
73.8
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
42,869
Urban Population, %
1990
Republic of Korea
283
4.4 Mongolia
1,564,120
2,520.0
2,712
2.0
15.0
67.0

Oil: 258
Coal: 7,328
Biomass: 103
Oil: 7
Stock Changes: 7

Transformation
Losses: 668
(Discrepancy: 2)
Electricity: 14
Exports: 5,008
Imports: 814
Oil: 800
Stock Changes: 247
1,191
SECONDARY
COMMODITIES: 2,005
(Discrepancy: 2)
584
Heat: 782
Electricity: 274
Oil: 731
Coal: 570
Exports: 2
1,829
Final Consumption by Type:

2,413
Biomass: 56
284
Others: 327
Commercial: 196
Residential: 689
Transport: 489
Industry: 712
Final Consumption by Sector:

2,413
Mongolia
Table 4.4.1
285

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
2,193
2,306
2,411
2,547
2,712
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.6
2.0
5.3
4.7
5.3
7.3
9.4

520
431
471
611
739
2,435
2,018
2,208
2,862
3,459

Table 4.4.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Net Imports
2,748
2,256
1,917
3,420
7,689
667
449
448
-861
-4,452
Total PES
3,415
2,705
2,365
2,559
3,237
Coal
2,488
2,228
1,817
1,882
2,338
822
352
434
560
784
Oil
Biomass
Gas
85
92
100
103
103
Others
20
33
14
14
12
TPES/capita (toe)
1.56
1.17
0.98
1.00
1.19
640
581
444
351
345
1,153
836
472
549
712

Industry
521
273
328
394
489
Other Sectors
Transportation
1,298
802
706
875
1,212
Total FEC
2,972
1,911
1,506
1,818
2,413
Coal
1,002
676
286
294
570
720
306
401
524
731
245
168
169
226
274
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
52
54
55
56
56
Others
953
707
595
718
782
286
Figure 4.4.1

1990
2009
Others
17.6%
Commercial
8.1%
Commercial
5.6%
Others
13.6%
Industry
29.5%
Industry
38.8%
Residential
28.6%
Residential
20.5%
Transport
20.3%
Transport
17.5%
2,972 ktoe
2,413 ktoe

Figure 4.4.2

1990
2009
Biomass
1.7%
Biomass
2.3%
Coal
33.7%
Heat
32.1%
Electricity
8.2%
Oil
24.2%
2,972 ktoe
Coal
23.6%
Heat
32.4%
Electricity
11.4%
Oil
30.3%
2,413 ktoe
Mongolia

4,000
3,500
Others 20
Biomass 85
3,000
Others 12
Biomass 103
Oil 822
Oil 784
ktoe
2,500
2,000
1,500
Coal 2,488
Coal 2,338
1,000
500
0
1990
2009

Figure 4.4.4

1990
2009
Oil
3.4%
Oil
0.0%
Biomass
1.3%
Biomass
3.1%
Coal
96.9%
Coal
95.3%
2,748 ktoe

7,698 ktoe
287
288
Figure 4.4.5

1990
2009
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
100.0%
3,471 GWh
4,180 GWh
Figure 4.4.6

1990
2009
Others
9.5%
Others
13.9%
Residential
16.7%
Industry
63.3%
Residential
27.4%
Industry
59.1%
Transport
6.1%
Transport
4.0%
2,849 GWh
Sources: IEA (2011b).
3,186 GWh
Mongolia
Figure 4.4.7

1990
2009
Oil
18.9%
Oil
18.8%
Coal
81.2%
Coal
81.1%
3,504 kt C
3,399 kt C

Figure 4.4.8
19902009
3,000
2,500
ktoe
2,000
1,500
1,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
2009
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1997
1998
1995
1996
1993
1994
1992
1990
1991
500
289
290
Figure 4.4.9
19902009

19902009
3,000
4,000
3,500
2,500
3,000
2,000
ktoe
ktoe
2,500
1,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
Coal
Oil
Electricity
Heat
Coal
Biomass

Figure 4.4.11
19902009
Figure 4.4.12
19902009
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
Oil

1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
500
Others
4,500
8,000
4,000
7,000
3,500
6,000
3,000
GWh
4,000
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
2,000
1,000
1,000
500
Coal

Oil
Thermal
Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
ktoe
5,000
Mongolia
Figure 4.4.13
19902009
291

4,500
1,200
4,000
1,000
3,500
3,000
800
kt C
ktoe
2,500
600
2,000
400
1,500
1,000
200
Coal
Coal
Oil



Figure 4.4.16
19902009
250
200
150
100
50
Oil
4,000
4,500
3,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
3,000
2,500
2,500
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
500
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
500
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
500
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
32,783
3,535
65
117
72
189
254
42
82
378
3.
4.
99
99
30
129
129
46
52
84
114
26
26
388
171
587
40
40
627
44
671
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
300
300
300
300
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
26
26
88
171
285
36
36
321
321
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
154
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
1,581
1,735
2,110
25
1,503
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3,588
Coal
1.
Mongolia Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.4.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
44
46
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
16
40
40
56
56
47
47
103
103
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
22
69
69
91
140
240
92
314
314
19
21
Electricity
13.
33
335
157
492
525
202
727
57
785
785
Heat
14.
32,866
3,649
162
561
229
790
952
439
694
2,087
179
47
25
522
594
2,865
25
44
1,551
692
3,743
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
292
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
32,196
3,683
66
129
28
157
70
335
104
3.
4.
67
67
20
87
87
112
117
167
150
32
32
480
214
729
54
54
782
42
824
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
370
370
370
370
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
32
32
110
214
356
46
46
401
401
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
223
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
42
Refineries
8.3
1,698
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
1,802
2,136
22
2,099
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4,257
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.4.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
42
45
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
16
40
40
56
56
47
47
103
103
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
23
72
72
95
10
150
255
91
329
329
17
18
Electricity
13.
33
337
140
477
510
207
717
56
772
772
Heat
14.
32,364
3,833
170
578
168
746
916
532
708
2,159
167
47
17
651
715
3,043
22
42
2,212
842
4,477
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Mongolia
293
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
32,364
3,985
62
140
60
200
262
14
65
341
3.
4.
67
67
20
87
87
16
16
146
162
126
160
36
36
513
237
789
57
57
846
34
880
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
393
393
393
393
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
36
36
120
237
393
50
50
443
443
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
104
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
1,668
1,772
2,114
21
2,707
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
4,842
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.4.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
34
37
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
16
40
40
56
56
47
47
103
103
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
26
76
76
102
11
165
278
93
356
356
16
17
Electricity
13.
32
343
132
475
507
217
724
53
776
776
Heat
14.
32,490
4,145
172
599
192
791
963
538
751
2,255
17
166
47
17
593
657
3,095
21
34
2,854
897
5,107
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
294
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
34,750
4,028
218
217
218
78
528
65
3.
4.
42
42
12
54
54
265
258
84
152
34
34
464
230
731
54
54
784
16
800
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
346
346
346
346
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
34
34
118
230
382
49
49
430
430
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
436
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
14
Refineries
8.3
1,747
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
1,812
2,338
247
4,743
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
7,328
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 4.4.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
16
19
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
16
40
40
56
56
47
47
103
103
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
26
75
75
101
11
162
274
98
359
359
12
14
Electricity
13.
30
357
195
552
582
200
782
50
832
832
Heat
14.
34,834
4,180
324
689
196
885
1,209
489
712
2,413
160
47
11
610
668
3,237
240
16
5,010
814
7,689
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Mongolia
295
85
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
822
85
20
3,415
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
1,153
521
609
165
524
2,972
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
2,488
Coal
2,748
Total
Gas
2,663
Oil
Coal
1990
2,809
304
305
563
335
1,302
2,369
392
208
383
303
1,083
3,351
3,823
89
449
2,804
2,902
89
2,813
1992
85
580
3,151
3,252
85
3,167
1991
2,143
279
248
338
321
957
3,134
17
92
544
2,481
2,557
92
2,465
1993
1,891
244
261
351
229
806
2,709
18
92
363
2,236
2,325
92
2,233
1994
Mongolia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 4.4.7
1,911
296
142
364
273
836
2,705
33
92
352
2,228
2,256
92
2,164
1995
1,646
260
98
411
286
591
2,279
33
92
364
1,790
1,872
92
1,780
1996
1,693
166
125
433
268
701
2,234
26
96
359
1,753
1,811
96
1,715
1997
1,545
172
109
425
272
567
2,253
27
96
392
1,738
1,858
96
1,762
1998
1,607
247
119
434
277
530
2,253
12
96
396
1,749
1,837
96
10
1,731
1999
1,506
152
144
410
328
472
2,365
14
100
434
1,817
1,917
100
1,808
2000
1,600
219
100
455
316
510
2,363
15
100
439
1,809
1,903
100
10
1,793
2001
1,679
191
104
500
350
534
2,518
13
100
475
1,930
2,052
100
19
1,933
2002
1,709
186
122
510
347
544
2,460
14
103
514
1,829
1,981
103
25
1,853
2003
1,812
174
160
538
393
547
2,536
14
103
569
1,850
2,023
103
30
1,890
2004
1,818
155
198
522
394
549
2,559
14
103
560
1,882
3,420
103
27
3,290
2005
2,087
164
229
561
439
694
2,865
19
103
633
2,110
3,743
103
52
3,588
2006
2,159
173
168
578
532
708
3,043
17
103
787
2,136
4,477
103
117
4,257
2007
2,413
327
196
689
489
712
3,237
12
103
784
2,338
7,689
103
258
7,328
2009
2,255
175
192
599
538
751
3,095
16
103
862
2,114
5,107
103
162
4,842
2008
296
1990
Others
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
860
Total
472
Gas
Total
2,844
660
3,504
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
65
Oil
4,005
477
3,528
1,014
57
407
Coal
956
907
535
Own Use
570
326
337
3,319
3,319
2,809
52
833
214
479
1,231
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
3,471
Nuclear
Total
3,471
Hydro
Thermal
2,972
52
Biomass
Total
953
Heat
Gas
245
720
Oil
Electricity
1,002
Coal
3,497
359
3,138
960
36
924
860
570
291
2,983
2,983
2,369
53
826
193
386
911
1992
3,230
444
2,786
984
54
929
767
477
291
2,678
2,678
2,143
54
648
181
456
804
1993
2,809
295
2,514
783
33
750
1,070
593
477
2,760
2,760
1,891
54
692
164
301
680
1994
2,793
286
2,507
743
25
718
1,093
593
500
2,667
2,667
1,911
54
707
168
306
676
1995
2,363
297
2,066
597
27
570
1,058
581
477
2,656
2,656
1,646
54
667
169
316
440
1996
2,315
293
2,023
505
27
478
1,081
593
488
2,704
2,704
1,693
54
674
166
310
489
1997
2,324
320
2,004
674
28
646
1,058
593
465
2,720
2,720
1,545
54
681
170
345
295
1998
2,341
322
2,019
616
27
589
1,116
605
512
2,896
2,896
1,607
54
703
165
355
330
1999
2,447
352
2,095
703
24
679
1,198
616
581
3,000
3,000
1,506
55
595
169
401
286
2000
2,443
356
2,087
699
27
672
1,244
640
605
3,077
3,077
1,600
55
649
172
402
322
2001
2,608
382
2,226
799
27
773
1,233
651
581
3,178
3,178
1,679
55
699
179
441
305
2002
2,528
418
2,110
652
30
622
1,105
616
488
3,210
3,210
1,709
56
658
195
478
322
2003
2,597
464
2,133
615
35
580
1,105
628
477
3,390
3,390
1,812
56
709
210
528
309
2004
2,634
458
2,176
651
35
617
1,035
616
419
3,512
3,512
1,818
56
718
226
524
294
2005
3,081
512
2,569
640
38
602
1,070
628
442
3,649
3,649
2,087
56
727
240
587
477
2006
3,195
640
2,555
786
49
737
1,058
616
442
3,833
3,833
2,159
56
717
255
729
402
2007
3,399
643
2,756
761
52
710
3,219
692
2,527
755
53
702
1,140
651
651
1,081
488
4,180
4,180
2,413
56
782
274
731
570
2009
430
4,145
4,145
2,255
56
724
278
789
408
2008
Mongolia
297
1,168
10.3
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
1,300
3,075
1.60
1.03
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
1.05
1.80
3,848
1,118
100.0
14.9
2,699
3,674
1.26
1.72
21
9.8
1,069
1.04
1.55
3,703
997
100.0
13.4
2,509
3,548
1.05
1.49
20
10.0
585
419
4,423
1,318
944
56.9
2,252
1992
1.03
1.42
3,532
927
100.0
18.4
2,344
3,427
0.94
1.38
19
9.5
338
403
4,283
768
914
56.9
2,271
1993
1.04
1.23
3,008
833
100.0
14.2
2,025
2,901
0.83
1.18
21
9.0
405
408
4,374
926
934
56.8
2,288
1994
1.03
1.21
2,812
847
100.0
16.6
1,924
2,723
0.83
1.17
24
11.2
630
431
4,653
1,452
994
56.8
2,306
1995
1.04
1.02
2,327
845
100.0
17.9
1,621
2,244
0.71
0.98
28
9.2
579
437
4,757
1,346
1,016
56.8
2,325
1996
1.04
0.99
2,194
823
100.0
18.9
1,604
2,117
0.72
0.95
30
7.7
503
450
4,943
1,181
1,055
56.7
2,346
1997
1.03
0.98
2,131
835
100.0
17.5
1,417
2,066
0.65
0.95
30
7.6
475
461
5,108
1,124
1,091
56.7
2,367
1998
1.04
0.98
2,082
803
97.5
18.5
1,430
2,004
0.67
0.94
32
7.0
443
471
5,265
1,057
1,124
56.6
2,389
1999
1.03
1.01
2,152
815
97.9
18.9
1,325
2,080
0.62
0.98
34
6.7
471
471
5,325
1,137
1,137
56.6
2,411
2000
1.03
1.00
2,087
822
97.7
19.5
1,367
2,019
0.66
0.97
37
8.9
521
481
5,482
1,268
1,170
56.6
2,435
2001
1.04
1.06
2,128
847
96.0
18.5
1,370
2,054
0.68
1.02
42
10.6
568
499
5,742
1,397
1,226
56.6
2,459
2002
1.03
1.02
1,927
913
95.1
19.5
1,303
1,875
0.69
0.99
42
11.4
642
528
6,144
1,595
1,312
56.7
2,485
2003
1.02
1.03
1,790
971
94.7
20.2
1,249
1,748
0.72
1.01
42
10.0
792
577
6,797
1,992
1,451
56.7
2,514
2004
1.03
1.03
1,692
1,032
95.2
33.6
1,168
1,644
0.71
1.00
42
7.5
991
611
7,290
2,523
1,556
56.7
2,547
2005
1.08
1.19
1,824
1,080
91.8
30.6
1,235
1,696
0.81
1.11
41
7.8
1,314
654
7,913
3,396
1,690
56.9
2,584
2006
1.05
1.22
1,715
1,130
85.1
47.1
1,159
1,634
0.82
1.16
41
9.0
1,614
710
8,724
4,235
1,863
57.0
2,625
2007
1.04
1.21
1,587
1,212
81.2
65.0
1,112
1,526
0.85
1.16
40
8.5
2,108
760
9,501
5,623
2,028
57.2
2,667
2008
1.05
1.25
1,697
1,175
67.1
137.5
1,205
1,616
0.89
1.19
40
7.8
1,690
739
9,380
4,584
2,003
57.3
2,712
2009
CO2 = carbond dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatthour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatthour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total
19.5
2,608
2000 $ million)
100.0
2,996
2000 $ million)
1.36
1.56
21
467
520
2000 $)

persons)
4,874
5,338
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
2,379
2,561
1,041
57.0
2,226
1,140
57.0
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
2,193
Urban Population, %
1990
298
4.5 Taipei,China
36,191
1.0
23,078
2.5
2.0
391.2
99.0

Sources: ADB (2012), IEA (2011c), [Taipei,China] Council for Economic Planning and Development (2011), and WEC (2010).
Indigenous
Production:
13,801
Coal: 850
Gas: 11,062
Oil: 49,643
Coal: 36,018
Nuclear: 10,833
Oil: 14
Others: 145
Biomass: 1,835
Gas: 281
Hydro: 693
Oil: 351
Imports: 96,723
Stock Changes: 63
(Discrepancy: 849)
Imports: 15,132
Coal: 73
Oil: 15,059
Transformation
Losses: 36,274
(Discrepancy: 408)
69,230
57,389
Stock Change: 92
6,602
Electricity: 17,341
Gas: 1,833
Oil: 38,789
Exports: 18,733
Coal: 5,926
Others: 102
Others: 21,606
Residential: 5,686
Transport: 11,480
Industry: 19,870
Commercial: 5,348

Transfers: 808
299
300
Table 4.5.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
20,197
21,267
22,184
22,730
23,078
161.8
229.5
304.1
356.2
391.2
250.3
354.8
458.1
546.7
603.5
Socioeconomic Data

8,013
10,792
13,707
15,672
16,951
12,392
16,682
20,650
24,051
26,149

Source: [Taipei,China] Council for Economic Planning and Development (2011).
Table 4.5.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

10,748
10,913
11,476
13,152
13,801
Net Imports
34,729
50,258
67,506
91,442
90,767
Total PES
45,477
61,171
78,981
104,593
104,568
Coal
10,562
16,041
27,493
39,183
36,916
Oil
23,918
31,521
35,095
42,299
42,865
Gas
1,728
3,642
5,596
10,476
11,280
Biomass
1,443
1,835
9,269
9,967
10,797
11,193
11,671
TPES/capita (toe)
2.25
2.88
3.56
4.60
4.53
182
172
172
191
173
15,667
19,946
29,393
23,738
19,870
6,735
9,394
12,165
12,657
11,480
Others

Industry
Transportation
6,899
8,422
12,000
25,812
32,640
Total FEC
Other Sectors
29,302
37,761
53,558
62,206
63,990
Coal
5,903
7,881
8,391
6,706
5,926
16,106
19,301
29,907
36,692
38,789
926
1,534
1,490
1,986
1,833
6,367
9,045
13,770
16,734
17,341
Biomass
Others
88
102
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Taipei,China
Figure 4.5.1

1990
2009
Others
Commercial 6.5%
6.6%
Others
33.8%
Residential
10.4%
Industry
31.1%
Industry
53.5%
Transport
23.0%
Transport
17.9%
Commercial
8.4%
Residential
8.9%
29,302 ktoe
63,990 ktoe

Figure 4.5.2

1990
2009
Others
0.2%
Others
0.0%
Coal
9.3%
Gas
3.2%
Electricity
21.7%
Coal
20.1%
Oil
55.0%
29,302 ktoe
Electricity
27.1%
Gas
2.9%
Oil
60.6%
63,990 ktoe
301

120,000
Others 145
Biomass 1,835
Nuclear 10,833
100,000
Hydro 693
Gas 11,280
80,000
ktoe
302
60,000
Oil 42,865
Nuclear 8,565
Gas 1,728
40,000
Others 0
Biomass 0
Hydro 704
Oil 23,918
20,000
Coal 36,916
Coal 10,562
0
1990
2009

Figure 4.5.4

1990
Others
0.0%
Biomass
0.0%
Coal
2.6%
2009
Coal
0.0%
Others
1.0%
Oil
1.5%
Oil
0.1%
Gas
2.0%
Hydro
5.0%
Gas
9.7%
Biomass
13.3%
Hydro
6.6%
Nuclear
79.7%
Nuclear
78.5%
10,748 ktoe
13,801 ktoe
Taipei,China
Figure 4.5.5

1990
2009
Others
2.8%
Others
0.0%
Nuclear
38.5%
Nuclear
18.1%
Thermal
52.0%
Hydro
3.1%
Thermal
76.0%
Hydro
9.6%
84,459 GWh
229, 691 GWh
Figure 4.5.6

1990
2009
Others
1.3%
Others
2.2%
Commercial
18.9%
Commercial
22.4%
Residential
22.1%
Industry
56.1%
Residential
21.4%
Industry
54.4%
Transport
0.6%
Transport
0.5%
74,029 GWh
201,638 GWh
303
Figure 4.5.7

1990
2009
Gas
2.7%
Gas
9.6%
Oil
26.6%
Coal
46.2%
Oil
51.1%
Coal
63.8%
34,368 kt C
69,062 kt C

Figure 4.5.8
19902009
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
ktoe
30,000
20,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
2008
2009
2006
2007
2004
2005
2000
2001
2002
2003
1998
1999
10,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
304
Others
Taipei,China
Figure 4.5.9
19902009
305

19902009
120,000
70,000
60,000
100,000
50,000
80,000
ktoe
ktoe
40,000
60,000
30,000
40,000
20,000
Gas
Others
2008
2009
Electricity
2006
2007
2004
2005
Oil
2000
2001
2002
2003
Coal
1998
1999
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20,000
10,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro


Figure 4.5.11
19902009
Figure 4.5.12
19902009
Nuclear
Biomass
Others
16,000
250,000
14,000
200,000
12,000
10,000
GWh
ktoe
150,000
8,000
100,000
6,000
4,000
50,000
Coal
Oil
Gas

Hydro
Nuclear
Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2008
2009
2006
2007
2004
2005
2000
2001
2002
2003
1998
1999
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
2,000
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Others
306
Figure 4.5.13
19902009

45,000
80,000
40,000
70,000
35,000
60,000
30,000
50,000
kt C
40,000
20,000
30,000
15,000
20,000
10,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5,000
Coal
Oil
Coal
Gas



Figure 4.5.16
19902009
310
140
300
120
100
80
60
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
CO2 Emissions
GDP = gross domestic product, TFEC = total final energy consumption, TPES = total primary
energy supply.
Gas

300
250
290
200
280
150
270
260
100
250
50
240
230
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
160
Oil
Energy Intensity
10,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe
25,000
Carbon Intensity

Note: Taipei,Chinas primary energy supply and final energy consumption of biomass were reported only from 2004 to 2009. The amounts were however small, only around 2% of the TPES
and 0.2% of TFEC.
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
121,503
5,234
5,244
2,258
3.
4.
2,010
2,010
129
2,447
532
1,914
225
225
19,620
316
52,244
52,244
51,927
293
52,199
21
14,009
566
1,256
965
2,222
2,787
12,552
7,321
36,669
3,023
2,629
53,491
4,559
48,932
2,336
8,947
725
4,459
14,937
11,173
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
43
43
44
7,987
8,037
92
6,742
6,742
4,895
3,687
125
3,582
20
14
15
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
73
535
360
360
895
4,113
180
5,188
278
30
13,781
246
13,535
65
8,105
159
193
7,826
18
466
466
484
223
4,271
4,979
2,541
834
11,309
3,752
7,557
1,100
302
173
2,134
318
2,323
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
4,225
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
29,117
33,342
40,844
28
40,872
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
Table 4.5.3 Taipei,China Energy Balance Table, 2006
1,256
88
1,345
1,345
56
712
2,112
264
390
1,901
1,901
866
34
374
1,273
LPG
4.5
4.6
14,009
12
12
173
2,145
16,339
46
1,372
19,759
561
19,198
3,724
2,283
233
2,132
2,838
7,485
Other
Petroleum
Products
40,326
828
282
1,110
1,110
900
2,010
155
304
751
7,738
8,489
10,957
128
10,673
412
Gas
5.
7,999
685
685
685
685
Hydro
6.
39,870
10,390
10,390
10,390
10,390
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
15
15
15
15
Wind
10.
6,054
1,773
1,773
1,773
1,773
Biomass
11.
92
92
92
92
92
92
Others
12.
224
4,055
3,601
7,656
7,880
88
9,327
17,296
2,946
20,242
20,242
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
235,372
14,019
789
6,232
4,848
11,081
11,870
12,640
24,792
63,321
5,248
5,879
1,778
1,248
751
34,568
35,850
2,336
107,963
1,173
4,459
14,937
115,142
13,389
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Taipei,China
307
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
125,022
194
5,090
5,285
250
886
3,871
3.
4.
123
1,181
1,305
369
829
2,691
543
2,148
355
370
16,122
153
52,049
52,049
52,202
230
51,955
16
20,856
365
1,256
1,150
2,406
2,771
12,076
5,120
40,824
827
2,352
53,598
3,954
49,644
1,390
5,906
57
4,190
17,779
16,007
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
42
42
43
7,766
7,815
31
7,973
7,973
4,745
4,932
34
4,966
12
12
12
13
14
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
343
428
428
770
3,932
167
4,870
173
46
14,345
121
14,224
31
9,104
155
189
9,070
22
410
410
433
186
4,273
4,892
796
713
10,123
3,264
6,858
2,330
281
44
1,894
306
2,437
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
30,147
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
34,017
39,938
150
40,087
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
613
1,256
88
1,344
1,344
62
673
2,691
183
1,744
1,744
200
939
365
1,306
LPG
4.5
4.6
20,243
170
170
170
130
20,543
168
1,408
19,413
568
18,845
3,972
6,910
173
2,107
3,073
12,264
Other
Petroleum
Products
45,144
847
275
1,122
1,122
929
2,051
150
367
743
8,575
9,317
11,886
122
11,393
371
Gas
5.
8,350
718
718
718
718
Hydro
6.
40,539
10,565
10,565
10,565
10,565
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
38
38
38
38
Wind
10.
7,942
90
2,446
2,536
2,536
90
2,446
Biomass
11.
95
95
95
95
95
95
Others
12.
225
3,709
4,019
7,728
7,953
71
10,265
18,289
652
1,967
20,908
20,908
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
243,119
21,173
591
5,906
5,444
11,351
11,941
12,148
22,586
67,848
247
6,402
90
1,180
1,550
743
36,077
36,540
1,390
112,426
252
4,190
17,787
119,902
14,249
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
308
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
120,907
58
4,743
4,801
97
682
3,944
29,172
33,115
38,501
745
39,246
89
1,350
1,439
31
803
2,460
477
1,983
228
20
59
267
14,421
110
47,351
47,351
47,241
639
47,865
14
Crude Oil
and NGLs
Coal
Products
Coal
19,631
460
1,236
1,105
2,341
2,801
11,427
4,030
37,889
224
1,871
54,651
3,609
51,042
6,661
4,846
523
3,655
17,393
15,679
Petroleum
Products
4.
4.2
41
41
41
7,369
7,416
103
11,631
11,631
14
4,302
93
4,395
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
441
398
398
840
3,745
149
4,734
61
41
14,674
127
14,547
341
9,370
107
171
9,306
18
405
405
424
148
3,357
3,928
138
511
9,769
3,000
6,770
2,176
292
22
1,625
475
1,786
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
3.
2.
1.
763
1,236
88
1,324
1,324
79
507
2,672
66
1,935
1,935
48
853
16
358
1,194
LPG
4.5
4.6
18,869
164
164
164
87
12
19,131
38
1,251
16,642
482
16,160
4,082
8,265
285
1,858
2,860
12,698
Other
Petroleum
Products
48,392
831
334
1,165
1,165
871
2,036
11
453
767
9,434
10,200
12,700
90
12,473
318
Gas
5.
7,994
687
687
688
688
Hydro
6.
40,827
10,639
10,639
10,639
10,639
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
34
34
34
34
Wind
10.
6,304
1,934
1,934
1,934
1,934
Biomass
11.
99
99
99
99
99
99
Others
12.
224
3,671
4,012
7,683
7,906
95
10,068
18,069
628
1,844
20,541
20,541
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
238,845
19,778
684
5,837
5,451
11,287
11,971
11,521
21,062
64,333
177
5,654
1,483
7,300
767
35,445
30,395
6,661
107,218
932
3,655
17,452
115,530
13,727
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Taipei,China
309
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
118,683
53
4,614
4,667
218
3,984
3.
4.
55
1,204
1,259
90
697
2,200
381
1,819
48
25
73
8,698
151
50,159
50,159
50,008
351
49,643
14
20,954
323
1,225
1,104
2,329
2,652
11,385
3,798
38,789
959
1,877
50,121
2,463
47,657
808
7,143
92
3,402
18,708
15,059
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
40
40
40
7,519
7,565
92
11,971
11,971
94
4,402
56
4,346
272
189
10,072
258
302
373
373
676
3,542
133
4,350
118
28
15,107
57
15,050
20
426
426
446
162
3,146
3,754
331
528
8,389
1,942
6,446
1,462
1,033
143
1,458
569
851
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
1 10,532
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
Source: APERC (APEC Energy Database);
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
28,436
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
32,420
36,868
850
36,018
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
957
1,225
89
1,315
1,315
85
434
2,791
43
1,764
1,764
54
1,130
96
178
1,405
LPG
4.5
4.6
19,997
167
167
167
76
79
20,319
418
1,277
12,890
464
12,426
1,059
7,693
187
1,756
3,542
12,804
Other
Petroleum
Products
47,178
655
358
1,013
1,013
820
1,833
479
404
1,423
8,100
9,523
11,280
63
11,062
281
Gas
5.
7,054
691
691
693
693
Hydro
6.
41,571
10,833
10,833
10,833
10,833
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
783
42
42
42
42
Wind
10.
5,717
1,835
1,835
1,835
1,835
Biomass
11.
102
102
102
102
102
102
Others
12.
222
3,704
3,886
7,590
7,812
95
9,434
17,341
640
1,772
19,753
19,753
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
229,691
21,062
545
5,686
5,348
11,034
11,578
11,480
19,870
63,990
1,257
4,752
1,784
39
1,423
33,029
36,274
808
104,568
1,046
3,402
18,733
111,855
13,801
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
310
Biomass
Others
Others
15,667
6,735
3,044
1,947
1,908
29,302
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
45,477
Biomass
Total
Wind
8,565
Nuclear
704
Hydro
1,728
Gas
Solar
23,918
Oil
Geothermal
10,562
Coal
10,748
Wind
Total
Nuclear
Hydro
Solar
704
8,565
Gas
Geothermal
156
1,045
Oil
278
1990
Coal
30,462
1,656
2,197
3,177
7,067
16,365
31,672
1,684
2,221
3,336
7,226
17,204
50,525
49,188
8,820
718
2,679
24,876
13,431
10,482
8,820
718
685
62
197
1992
9,197
474
2,498
25,501
11,519
10,792
9,197
474
790
94
237
1991
33,983
1,770
2,497
3,498
7,841
18,377
54,091
8,953
578
2,595
26,826
15,139
10,443
8,953
578
663
56
193
1993
37,033
1,697
2,778
3,667
8,991
19,901
57,144
9,087
764
3,473
28,160
15,660
10,805
9,087
764
727
59
168
1994
Table 4.5.7 Taipei,China Summary Table, 19902009
37,761
1,745
2,780
3,897
9,394
19,946
61,171
9,203
764
3,642
31,521
16,041
10,913
9,203
764
754
53
139
1995
40,236
1,842
3,160
4,151
9,722
21,361
64,078
9,847
778
3,697
31,487
18,269
11,485
9,847
778
722
51
87
1996
42,769
1,841
3,188
4,209
9,922
23,609
67,415
9,452
823
4,272
32,060
20,808
11,065
9,452
823
689
43
58
1997
43,264
2,496
623
7,398
10,458
22,288
71,655
9,596
912
5,301
33,264
22,582
11,306
9,596
912
704
46
47
1998
49,264
2,752
3,650
4,709
10,864
27,289
74,379
10,011
769
5,220
34,687
23,691
11,560
10,011
769
685
40
54
1999
53,558
2,959
4,032
5,009
12,165
29,393
78,981
10,034
763
5,596
35,095
27,493
11,476
10,034
763
598
32
49
2000
57,741
2,452
4,255
5,156
10,847
35,031
83,028
9,248
789
6,044
37,591
29,358
10,751
9,248
789
680
35
2001
60,583
2,894
4,470
5,270
11,309
36,640
87,690
10,307
547
7,018
38,552
31,266
11,608
10,307
547
710
44
2002
60,697
2,922
5,261
5,323
11,300
35,892
90,964
10,135
593
7,214
39,348
33,675
11,432
10,135
593
666
39
2003
61,995
16,029
4,582
5,886
11,888
23,610
102,415
83
1,412
10,291
564
9,869
43,741
36,453
13,087
83
1,412
10,291
564
695
40
2004
62,206
14,804
4,868
6,140
12,657
23,738
104,593
88
1,443
10,417
680
10,476
42,299
39,183
13,152
88
1,443
10,417
680
487
29
2005
63,321
14,808
4,848
6,232
12,640
24,792
107,963
92
1,773
15
10,390
685
10,957
42,980
41,069
13,389
92
1,773
15
10,390
685
412
21
2006
67,848
21,764
5,444
5,906
12,148
22,586
112,426
95
2,536
38
10,565
718
11,886
46,296
40,293
14,249
95
2,446
38
10,565
718
371
16
2007
63,990
21,606
5,348
5,686
11,480
19,870
104,568
102
1,835
42
10,833
693
11,280
42,865
36,916
13,801
102
1,835
42
10,833
693
281
14
2009
64,333
20,462
5,451
5,837
11,521
21,062
107,218
99
1,934
34
10,639
688
12,700
42,395
38,729
13,727
99
1,934
34
10,639
688
318
14
2008
Taipei,China
311
1990
926
Gas
Others
Others
241
10,211
Gas
Total
15,865
17,568
936
34,368
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
617
4,825
Oil
36,209
1,318
17,986
16,905
11,972
5,604
5,145
Coal
5,750
Own Use
Total
92,851
35,290
5,508
52,053
30,462
6,961
1,116
16,072
6,313
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
85,459
Wind
Total
Solar
32,866
Nuclear
8,188
Hydro
Geothermal
44,405
Thermal
29,302
Biomass
Total
Heat
6,367
16,106
Oil
Electricity
5,903
Coal
37,450
1,441
17,358
18,650
12,527
638
4,701
7,188
96,730
33,845
8,351
54,534
31,672
7,318
1,251
16,308
6,795
1992
34,871
8,887
69,492
37,033
8,498
1,359
19,514
7,661
1994
41,084
1,381
18,911
20,792
14,353
530
5,459
8,363
44,342
1,904
20,982
21,456
15,362
1,130
5,523
8,709
104,637 113,250
34,354
6,719
63,564
33,983
7,945
1,280
17,343
7,416
1993
46,053
2,000
22,127
21,926
16,683
1,210
6,653
8,820
120,257
35,316
8,879
76,062
37,761
9,045
1,534
19,301
7,881
1995
48,686
2,031
22,382
24,273
17,581
1,300
5,715
10,565
126,956
37,788
9,044
80,124
40,236
9,570
1,610
20,697
8,359
1996
53,901
2,395
22,882
28,624
19,672
1,846
5,947
11,880
133,448
36,269
9,567
87,612
42,769
10,202
1,635
21,352
9,580
1997
56,439
2,976
22,401
31,062
24,323
2,876
6,105
15,341
163,186
36,824
10,608
115,754
43,264
11,806
1,627
21,736
8,095
1998
62,119
2,937
27,468
31,713
26,012
2,846
6,337
16,829
169,473
38,416
8,942
122,115
49,264
12,395
1,607
27,603
7,659
1999
68,161
3,130
29,378
35,653
28,992
3,393
6,171
19,428
184,853
38,503
8,870
137,480
53,558
13,770
1,490
29,907
8,391
2000
72,580
3,409
31,501
37,669
30,133
4,077
5,092
20,964
188,518
35,486
9,169
143,863
57,741
13,999
1,473
33,448
8,820
2001
75,353
4,079
31,438
39,835
31,501
4,782
4,241
22,479
198,821
39,553
6,360
152,908
60,583
14,784
1,707
34,913
9,179
2002
76,708
4,151
30,422
42,136
33,683
5,063
3,821
24,798
209,052
38,890
6,895
163,267
60,697
15,628
1,687
34,150
9,232
2003
72,496
5,862
23,630
43,004
37,666
6,975
3,706
26,984
12,703
12,703
218,391
4,712
39,490
6,556
167,633
61,995
83
16,084
1,891
37,103
6,833
2004
75,281
6,294
24,681
44,306
39,986
7,518
3,882
28,585
13,197
13,197
227,449
4,567
39,972
7,909
175,001
62,206
88
16,734
1,986
36,692
6,706
2005
77,593
6,439
24,870
46,284
41,946
7,738
4,559
29,650
23,082
13,603
9,479
235,372
6,054
39,870
7,999
181,449
63,321
92
17,296
2,010
36,669
7,254
2006
77,161
7,042
21,878
48,241
43,218
8,575
3,954
30,690
14,012
14,012
243,119
7,942
40,539
8,350
186,288
67,848
95
18,289
2,051
40,824
6,589
2007
69,062
6,621
18,359
44,081
39,380
8,100
2,463
28,817
73,808
7,637
19,727
46,444
42,691
9,434
3,609
29,649
12,724
12,724
13,239
13,239
229,691
5,717
783
41,571
7,054
174,558
63,990
102
17,341
1,833
38,789
5,926
2009
238,845
6,304
40,827
7,994
183,720
64,333
99
18,069
2,036
37,889
6,240
2008
312
8,520
8,013
8,091
27.5
138
2000 $)
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
1.45
281
181
76.4
99.3
3,666
212
1.70
0.76
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.74
1.77
208
3,962
99.6
78.1
175
283
1.49
2.41
177
27.1
9,423
0.74
1.81
199
4,124
99.8
79.3
169
269
1.53
2.45
192
26.1
10,558
9,098
290,430
217,895
187,760
52.6
20,639
1992
52.6
21,086
1994
0.76
1.97
205
4,421
99.8
80.7
169
269
1.63
2.59
193
22.5
10,980
9,604
0.78
2.10
206
4,687
99.8
81.1
172
265
1.76
2.71
204
22.1
12,083
10,222
309,982 333,514
229,479 254,783
200,710 215,540
52.5
20,899
1993
0.75
2.17
201
4,946
99.8
82.2
165
267
1.78
2.88
218
21.9
12,551
10,792
354,787
266,919
229,520
53.1
21,267
1995
0.76
2.27
200
5,191
99.8
82.1
165
263
1.88
2.99
231
21.7
13,413
11,379
374,429
287,588
243,970
53.6
21,441
1996
0.80
2.49
207
5,484
99.9
83.6
164
259
1.98
3.12
243
21.9
12,144
12,021
394,931
262,724
260,060
54.1
21,634
1997
0.79
2.58
208
6,288
99.9
84.2
159
264
1.98
3.28
246
21.6
13,084
12,452
408,621
285,702
271,890
54.9
21,836
1998
0.84
2.82
216
6,549
99.9
84.5
171
259
2.24
3.38
241
21.9
13,964
13,062
433,020
307,343
287,510
55.1
22,010
1999
0.86
3.07
224
7,219
99.9
85.5
176
260
2.41
3.56
250
22.4
13,919
13,707
458,118
308,784
304,090
55.8
22,184
2000
0.87
3.25
244
7,288
99.9
87.1
194
279
2.58
3.72
254
21.2
12,700
13,316
450,556
283,733
297,490
56.7
22,341
2001
0.86
3.35
242
7,654
99.9
86.8
195
282
2.70
3.90
255
22.5
13,337
13,857
474,271
299,590
311,280
56.9
22,463
2002
0.84
3.40
238
8,056
99.9
87.4
188
282
2.69
4.03
272
23.9
13,952
14,279
491,674
314,799
322,180
57.5
22,563
2003
0.71
3.20
212
8,260
99.9
87.2
181
299
2.74
4.52
282
24.8
15,724
15,101
522,108
356,089
342,000
57.7
22,647
2004
0.72
3.31
211
8,562
99.9
87.4
175
294
2.74
4.60
293
25.6
15,723
15,672
546,664
357,391
356,230
57.7
22,730
2005
0.72
3.40
208
8,813
100.0
87.6
169
289
2.77
4.73
294
26.5
16,457
16,371
576,388
375,613
373,640
57.9
22,823
2006
0.69
3.37
195
9,281
100.0
87.3
171
284
2.96
4.91
295
27.4
17,364
17,279
610,873
397,944
395,994
58.1
22,917
2007
0.69
3.21
185
9,137
100.0
87.2
161
269
2.80
4.66
304
27.5
16,700
17,345
615,331
384,058
398,884
58.6
22,998
2008
0.66
2.99
177
8,739
100.0
86.8
164
267
2.77
4.53
314
26.8
16,879
16,951
603,479
389,547
391,200
59.1
23,078
2009
Sources: APERC (APEC Energy Database), APERC estimates, [Taipei,China] Council for Economic Planning and Development (2011), and JAMA (2012).
2.25
270,024
250,289
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
192,552
163,410
174,100
50.7
20,435
161,830
50.6
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
20,197
Urban Population, %
1990
Taipei,China
313
Chapter 5
The Pacific
The Pacific
543,098
10,014
9.2
0.0
15.6
70.0
22.0

Sources: ADB (2011 and 2012), CIA (2012), World Bank, and WEC (2010).

Hydro: 142
Oil: 870
Gas: 338
Oil: 9,471
Geothermal: 320
Biomass: 292
Coal: 1
Imports:
870
Stock Changes: 1

Transformation
Losses: 1,144
Stock Changes: 85
Oil: 1,967
(Discrepancy: 30)
Oil: 8
Imports: 1,967
Exports: 9,404
Others: 8
Transfers: 12
413
SECONDARY
COMMODITIES: 2,388
1,870
125
Stock Change: 26
Biomass: 121
Oil: 1,472
Coal: 1
Electricity: 402
Exports: 83
(Discrepancy: 6)
Transport: 766
Residential: 218
Final Consumption
by Sector: 1,996
Industry: 825
316
Final Consumption
by Type: 1,996
Others: 186
The Pacific
Table 5.1
317

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
5,855
6,562
7,349
9,195
9,807
5.0
6.8
7.0
8.0
8.9
11.9
16.6
17.0
19.3
21.9
854
1,036
950
868
911
2,055
2,558
2,181
2,114
2,249

Note: Due to unavailability of data on GDP (constant 2005 PPP $ billion) for some years, several countries were not included in the computation for GDP/capita (constant 2005 PPP $). These countries are Cook Islands, Marshall Islands, and Nauru (1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008), Palau (1990), and Timor-Leste (1990, 1995, and 2000).
Table 5.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

Net Imports
Total PES
Coal
Oil
Gas
Biomass
Others
4,946
5,321
4,256
10,584
10,562
3,287
3,418
2,134
7,425
7,110
1,659
1,903
2,122
3,159
3,451
18
14
12
1,196
1,285
1,505
2,353
2,360
72
83
119
241
338
299
405
352
308
292
75
116
134
254
461
TPES/capita (toe)
0.29
0.30
0.29
0.34
0.35
140
115
125
164
158
271
364
624
852
825

Industry
Transportation
415
484
540
781
766
Other Sectors
353
312
308
425
404
1,039
1,161
1,472
2,058
1,996
Total FEC
12
14
12
Oil
Coal
694
904
1,067
1,548
1,472
Gas
72
Electricity
193
172
270
386
402
Biomass
69
71
122
123
121
Others
318
Figure 5.1

1990
2008
Commercial
0.0%
Commercial
0.2%
Others
19.3%
Others
9.3%
Residential
10.9%
Industry
26.1%
Industry
41.4%
Residential
14.4%
Transport
39.9%
Transport
38.4%
1,039 ktoe
1,996 ktoe

Figure 5.2

1990
Biomass
6.6%
2008
Electricity
20.1%
Electricity
18.5%
Gas
6.9%
Coal
0.0%
Biomass
6.1%
Coal
1.1%
Oil
66.8%
Gas
0.0%
Oil
73.8%
1,039 ktoe
1,996 ktoe
The Pacific

4,000
Others 0
3,500
Biomass 292
Biomass,
292
Geothermal 320
Geothermal,
320
3,000
Hydro,142
142
Hydro
Gas,338
338
Gas
ktoe
2,500
2,000
Others 0
Biomass, 299
Biomass 2990
Geothermal,
Hydro, 75
Gas, 72
Gas
1,500
Geothermal 0
Hydro 75
Oil, 2,360
Oil
1,000
Oil, 1,196
Oil
500
Coal, 18
Coal 18
Coal 1
Coal, 1
1990
2008

Figure 5.4

1990
Geothermal
0.0%
Hydro
1.5%
Gas
1.5%
Biomass
6.0%
2008
Hydro
1.3%
Gas
3.2%
Geothermal
3.0%
Biomass
2.8%
Oil
91.0%
Oil
89.7%
4,946 ktoe
10,562 ktoe
319
320
Figure 5.5

1990
2008
Geothermal
7.4%
Geothermal
0.0%
Hydro
35.7%
Hydro
32.6%
Thermal
64.3%
Thermal
60.0%
2,438 GWh
5,048 GWh
Figure 5.6

1990
Commercial
1.2%
2008
Others
26.4%
Others
18.5%
Residential
11.9%
Industry
68.3%
Commercial
0.0%
Residential
11.8%
2,241 GWh
Industry
61.8%
4,675 GWh
The Pacific
Figure 5.7

1990
2008
Gas
4.6%
Gas
9.9%
Oil
95.4%
Oil
90.1%
1,006 kt C
2,175 kt C

Sources: APERC estimates.
Figure 5.8
2,500
2,000
ktoe
1,500
1,000
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others

2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1996
1997
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
500
321
322

19902008

19902008
2,500
3,500
3,000
2,000
2,500
1,500
ktoe
ktoe
2,000
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
Coal
Biomass

Figure 5.12
19902008
10,000
5,000
8,000
4,000
Geothermal
Biomass

2007
2008
2005
Biomass
2006
2003
2004
2001
Geothermal
2002
1999
2000
1998
1996
1997
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
Thermal
Hydro
Others
Others
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
Geothermal
2002
2000
1999
1998
1996
1997
1995
1994
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2002
2001
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1,000
1993
2,000
1992
2,000
1991
4,000
Hydro
Hydro
3,000
1993
6,000
1992
GWh
6,000
Gas
Gas
1991
Oil
Oil

12,000
1990
ktoe
Figure 5.11
19902008
1990
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
Electricity
2004
2001
2002
1999
Gas
2000
1998
1996
1997
1995
Oil
1990
Coal
1994
1993
1992
1990
1991
500
The Pacific
Figure 5.13
19902008
323

2,500
1,000
900
2,000
800
700
1,500
kt C
ktoe
600
500
1,000
400
300
500
200
Gas
160
400
120
100
80
60
40
2008
2007
2005
2006
2003
2004
2002
2001
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
200
250
150
200
100
150
100
50
1991
1993
300
1990
1992
250
50
CO2 Emissions
300
350
20
TPES
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

450
180
140
Gas

Figure 5.16
19902008

(indexed to year 2000), 19902008
TFEC
1991
Oil

Sources: ADB (unpublished), APERC (APEC Energy Database), APERC estimates, and UNSD
(2011a).
GDP
1990
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Oil
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
100
Exports
International
Bunkers
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
Other
Transformation
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
14.1
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
NonSpecified
Others
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
14.2
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
4.1
1,730
13
13
13
18
993
997
12
1,040
9,657
917
9,780
853
98
46
46
144
781
609
1,535
26
34
1,000
731
269
12
1,314
364
547
2,226
263
268
50
50
218
23
246
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
32
40
35
35
76
76
11
11
16
72
15
87
Kerosene
4.2
652
41
41
434
548
1,022
429
415
14
1,018
99
94
1,211
0
0
11
11
14
14
29
18
20
20
29
32
LPG
4.5
169
39
44
139
304
165
208
145
354
Fuel Oil
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
0
4.4
4.3
Source: ADB (unpublished), APERC (APEC Energy Database), and UNSD (2011a).
14.1.2 Residential
Imports
2.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
Table 5.3 The Pacific Energy Balance Table, 2005
79
96
17
10
363
363
231
259
267
297
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
560
121
120
120
241
241
Gas
5.
1,634
141
141
141
141
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
132
114
114
114
114
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
122
122
123
123
184
184
308
308
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
103
42
42
145
241
386
36
422
422
Electricity
13.
4,909
215
210
210
425
781
852
2,058
45
0
191
0
184
687
864
3,159
364
10,204
3,143
10,584
Total
15.
Heat
14.
Unit: ktoe
324
Non-Specified
Others
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
4.
4.1
4.2
1,709
12
12
12
1,060
1,066
13
1,090
294
9,806
993
10,198
828
103
48
48
151
804
585
1,540
24
21
1,060
750
310
13
1,262
407
554
2,220
13
13
267
280
66
66
213
46
269
21
40
35
35
75
75
17
65
15
81
Crude Oil Petroleum

3.
619
36
36
451
523
1,009
555
434
121
900
78
168
1,146
187
40
45
108
310
203
246
102
350
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
14.1.2 Residential
14.2
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
Industry Sector
12.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Residential and
Commercial
Discrepancy
10.
14.1
Loss and Own Use
9.
Transport Sector
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Other Sectors
Coal
Transformation
8.4
13.
Refineries
8.3
Coal
Products
Coal
14.
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
Total
Transformation
Sector
Stock Changes
5.
7.
International
Bunkers
4.
8.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
2.
1.
13
13
18
14
33
14
14
23
23
LPG
4.5
4.6
80
98
15
10
318
318
186
318
221
351
Other
Petroleum
Products
525
148
111
111
259
259
Gas
5.
1,622
139
139
139
139
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
227
195
195
195
195
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
122
122
123
123
195
195
320
319
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
97
42
42
139
246
385
37
422
418
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
4,911
213
212
212
425
804
832
2,061
25
206
195
779
978
3,266
291
407
10,360
3,213
11,111
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
The Pacific
325
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
1,709
12
12
800
802
12
826
454
8,829
778
9,330
849
79
52
52
131
793
590
1,513
27
17
760
847
88
13
1,632
30
400
262
2,264
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
11
11
273
283
27
27
47
209
17
235
22
41
37
37
78
78
88
15
103
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
624
20
20
432
513
965
392
465
74
1,049
13
75
41
1,152
203
46
51
70
376
306
356
40
394
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
14
14
22
16
37
36
36
LPG
4.5
4.6
82
16
98
14
11
266
266
39
105
10
313
146
344
Other
Petroleum
Products
500
217
108
108
326
326
Gas
5.
1,651
142
142
142
142
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
289
249
249
249
249
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
119
119
121
121
153
153
275
275
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
103
46
46
149
248
397
38
430
430
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
4,998
184
217
217
401
793
850
2,043
23
273
153
41
918
1,112
3,450
424
400
9,090
3,043
10,321
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
326
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
1,622
29
799
807
12
852
85
9,404
870
9,471
862
78
51
51
130
766
573
1,468
12
14
811
832
21
1,508
26
351
83
1,967
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
11
11
273
284
16
11
258
17
286
15
42
38
38
80
80
86
15
101
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
644
17
17
400
499
916
10
374
452
77
198
810
77
30
923
203
58
64
121
376
255
317
331
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
14
14
22
15
37
32
32
LPG
4.5
4.6
87
87
15
306
306
201
261
21
294
Other
Petroleum
Products
546
220
118
118
338
338
Gas
5.
1,646
142
142
142
142
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
372
320
320
320
320
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
119
119
121
121
170
170
292
292
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
106
48
48
154
248
402
36
434
434
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
5,048
186
218
218
404
766
825
1,996
37
270
170
12
985
1,144
3,451
110
351
9,487
2,838
10,562
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
The Pacific
327
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
1,659
1,039
Commercial
Total
150
Residential
201
415
Others
271
Industry
Transport
Total
Nuclear
Others
75
Hydro
299
72
Gas
Biomass
18
1,196
Oil
4,946
Coal
Total
Nuclear
299
75
Hydro
Others
72
Biomass
4,500
Gas
1990
Oil
Coal
1,041
203
146
418
271
1,076
203
155
444
273
1,811
1,749
377
77
72
1,269
15
5,826
377
77
72
5,300
1992
379
75
72
1,209
14
5,526
379
75
72
5,000
1991
1,086
199
155
458
271
1,827
377
77
74
1,284
15
5,928
377
77
74
5,400
1993
Table 5.7 The Pacific Summary Table, 19902009
1,112
111
194
476
329
1,955
456
109
80
1,296
14
6,353
456
109
80
5,709
1994
1,161
110
200
484
364
1,903
405
116
83
1,285
14
5,321
405
116
83
4,717
1995
1,207
124
205
492
384
1,973
419
126
117
1,295
15
5,681
419
126
117
5,019
1996
1,230
132
239
487
369
1,928
359
108
100
1,347
15
4,151
359
108
100
3,586
1997
1,269
135
243
472
417
1,963
302
123
115
1,410
14
4,371
301
123
115
3,832
1998
1,391
139
278
487
485
2,014
380
132
113
1,375
13
5,282
380
132
113
4,657
1999
1,472
42
263
540
624
2,122
352
134
119
1,505
12
4,256
352
134
119
3,651
2000
1,669
70
287
626
686
2,379
320
136
144
1,767
11
3,658
320
136
144
3,057
2001
1,695
63
296
627
709
2,460
325
141
144
1,837
13
10,403
325
141
144
9,794
2002
2,048
146
311
750
841
2,931
323
144
132
2,318
14
10,268
323
144
132
9,669
2003
2,142
181
251
821
888
3,089
323
33
140
107
2,485
10,027
323
33
140
107
9,425
2004
2,058
215
210
781
852
3,159
308
114
141
241
2,353
10,584
308
114
141
241
9,780
2005
2,061
213
212
804
832
3,266
320
195
139
259
2,352
11,111
319
195
139
259
10,198
2006
2,043
184
217
793
850
3,450
275
249
142
326
2,458
10,321
275
249
142
326
9,330
2007
2009
1,996
186
218
766
825
3,451
292
320
142
338
2,360
10,562
292
320
142
338
9,471
2008
328
1,041
1,039
2,450
2,438
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
54
441
441
Oil
Gas
Total
46
46
1,006
Gas
Total
1,005
959
960
Oil
442
442
Coal
Coal
64
Own Use
Total
54
64
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Total
Nuclear
870
870
Hydro
1,580
1,568
Thermal
Total
Others
69
193
69
193
Electricity
72
Biomass
72
Gas
694
14
1991
Heat
12
694
Oil
1990
Coal
Final Energy Consumption by Type
Table 5.7 continued
1,065
46
1,019
478
478
78
78
2,583
900
1,683
1,076
69
192
72
729
15
1992
1,070
47
1,023
480
480
84
84
2,602
900
1,702
1,086
69
195
74
733
15
1993
930
923
245
11
234
91
91
2,133
1,259
874
1,112
69
147
882
14
1994
1,006
53
953
330
83
248
101
101
2,459
1,345
1,114
1,161
71
172
904
14
1995
1,052
75
978
365
117
249
120
120
2,714
1,463
1,251
1,207
71
190
931
15
1996
1,080
69
1,011
396
108
289
104
104
2,615
1,250
1,365
1,230
102
183
929
15
1997
1,148
91
1,057
482
141
341
104
104
3,193
1,427
1,766
1,269
102
228
925
14
1998
1,220
88
1,132
480
137
343
114
114
3,401
349
1,540
1,512
1,391
122
241
1,014
13
1999
1,315
76
1,239
535
119
416
108
108
3,579
186
1,563
1,830
1,472
122
270
1,067
12
2000
1,560
88
1,473
674
137
537
139
139
3,954
1,588
2,366
1,669
123
311
1,224
11
2001
1,644
88
1,556
770
137
633
165
165
4,290
1,638
2,652
1,695
123
337
1,226
10
2002
2,023
85
1,938
895
132
763
163
163
4,737
1,669
3,068
2,048
123
368
1,548
2003
2,112
68
2,044
884
107
778
425
104
321
4,879
38
1,632
3,209
2,142
123
379
1,639
2004
2,101
155
1,946
855
120
735
366
75
290
4,909
132
1,634
3,143
2,058
123
386
1,548
2005
2,123
166
1,957
867
111
756
383
75
308
4,911
227
1,622
3,062
2,061
123
385
1,552
2006
2,221
209
2,012
957
108
849
397
78
319
4,998
289
1,651
3,057
2,043
121
397
1,525
2007
2,175
216
1,959
958
118
840
78
370
2009
292
5,048
372
1,646
3,030
1,996
121
402
1,472
2008
The Pacific
329
8.3
34
GDP - Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
0.61
0.59
0.18
193
373
317.5
221.8
195
328
0.18
0.30
35
8.1
1,184
952
14,085
7,250
5,832
19.8
6,125
1992
0.59
0.18
175
372
320.5
224.4
178
299
0.18
0.30
31
7.6
1,276
1,027
15,802
7,999
6,439
19.7
6,267
1993
0.48
0.15
144
273
340.4
225.0
172
303
0.18
0.31
31
7.7
1,400
1,059
16,706
8,978
6,794
19.7
6,413
1994
0.53
0.16
156
313
267.0
179.6
180
296
0.18
0.30
33
7.8
1,278
1,036
16,581
8,387
6,799
19.6
6,562
1995
0.53
0.16
154
338
287.5
188.0
177
289
0.18
0.30
31
8.1
1,366
1,067
17,622
9,171
7,167
19.5
6,715
1996
0.56
0.16
162
317
166.2
115.3
185
290
0.18
0.29
30
8.7
1,301
1,015
17,123
8,934
6,969
19.4
6,869
1997
0.58
0.17
175
386
171.8
122.7
193
299
0.18
0.29
34
9.0
1,028
981
16,846
7,221
6,891
19.3
7,027
1998
0.61
0.17
180
399
238.6
162.3
205
297
0.20
0.29
37
8.7
1,004
988
17,317
7,212
7,102
19.1
7,186
1999
0.62
0.18
191
431
142.6
100.6
214
309
0.20
0.29
36
8.2
951
950
16,955
6,992
6,979
19.0
7,349
2000
0.66
0.21
227
485
73.0
53.8
242
346
0.22
0.32
35
8.6
861
932
16,962
6,468
7,001
18.9
7,512
2001
0.67
0.19
228
461
433.1
322.9
235
341
0.20
0.29
35
8.2
801
857
17,678
6,856
7,337
19.5
8,564
2002
0.69
0.23
270
488
317.1
250.3
273
391
0.23
0.33
35
8.1
920
855
18,068
8,070
7,497
19.5
8,772
2003
0.68
0.24
272
490
279.3
224.6
276
398
0.24
0.34
34
8.3
1,016
863
18,673
9,129
7,752
19.4
8,985
2004
0.67
0.23
263
488
315.6
235.1
258
396
0.22
0.34
34
7.9
1,150
868
19,266
10,570
7,979
19.4
9,195
2005
0.65
0.23
260
477
333.6
240.2
252
400
0.22
0.35
33
7.9
1,228
868
19,733
11,546
8,164
19.5
9,402
2006
0.64
0.23
260
481
279.6
199.1
239
404
0.21
0.36
33
7.7
1,354
890
20,798
13,006
8,543
19.5
9,603
2007
0.63
0.22
243
477
301.4
206.0
223
386
0.20
0.35
33
7.4
1,554
911
21,864
15,244
8,936
19.6
9,807
2008
33
7.2
1,438
916
22,608
14,405
9,169
19.6
10,014
2009
= no data or not applicable, CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatt-hour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatt-hour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of
Notes: Figures may not add up to total because of rounding.
The following countries are excluded from the calculation of basic energy indicators due to unavailability of energy data: Marshall Islands (1990 - 2002); Federated States of Micronesia (1990 - 19999); Palau (1990 - 1992); Timor-Leste (1990 - 2001).
Sources: ADB (unpublished), APERC (APEC Energy Database), APERC estimates, JAMA (2012), UNSD (2011a), and World Bank.
0.57
0.17
0.18
CO2/capita (t C)
385
313.5
216.0
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
276.4
204
198.1
211
214
221
2000 $ million)
355

2000 $ million)
353
2000 $ million)
0.18
0.30
393
0.18
34
8.6
person)
0.29
970
1,071
891
854
2000 $)
6,414
12,760
5,682
11,851
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
5,333
19.8
5,987
1991
4,986
19.9

million)
5,855
Urban Population, %
1990
Table 5.7 continued
330
5.1 Cook Islands


237
0.0
23
0.0
0.1
0.0
100.0

Sources: ADB (2011 and 2012), CIA (2012), and GenderCC of the UNFCCC (2010).
Oil: 24
Imports: 24
(Discrepancy: 9)
8
Electricity: 3
Oil: 5
Transformation Losses: 6
Others: 3
Transport: 5
331
332
Table 5.1.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
17
19
18
22
22
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
3,588
3,686
4,514
4,573
4,343

Source: ADB (2011).
Table 5.1.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

Net Imports
20
24
Total PES
20
24
Coal
Oil
20
24
Gas
Biomass
Others
0.42
0.37
0.52
0.95
1.06
Industry
Transportation
TPES/capita (toe)
Other Sectors
Total FEC
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
Others
Cook Islands
Figure 5.1.1

1990
2008
Others
35.4%
Others
39.6%
Transport
64.6%
Transport
60.4%
3 ktoe
8 ktoe

Figure 5.1.2

1990
2008
Electricity
35.4%
Electricity
39.6%
Oil
60.4%
3 ktoe

Oil
64.6%
8 ktoe
333

250,000
200,000
150,000
ktoe
334
Oil 24
100,000
50,000
Oil 7
1990
2008

Figure 5.1.4

1990
2008
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
100.0%
16 GWh
33 GWh
Cook Islands
Figure 5.1.5

1990
2008
Others
100.0%
Others
100.0%
16 GWh
33 GWh
Figure 5.1.6

1990
2008
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
4 kt C

12 kt C
335
336
Figure 5.1.7
19902008
Figure 5.1.8
1990-2008
10
25
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2007
Figure 5.1.10
19902008
2008

19902008
2007

2008

2002
1999
Oil
Others
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
Transport
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
ktoe
ktoe
10
Electricity
35
30
20
25
ktoe
GWh
15
20
15
10
10
5
5
2006
2005
2003
2004
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Thermal
Oil

1993
1992
1991
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
Cook Islands
Figure 5.1.11
1990-2008
337

10
12
10
8
kt C
ktoe
4
4
2
Figure 5.1.14
19902009
300

140
250
200
150
100
50
100
200
80
150
60
100
40
50
TPES
2008
2007
2005
2006
2004
2003
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
CO2 Emissions
120
250
20
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
300
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity
toe = ton of oil equivalent, t C = ton of carbon equivalent.


1990
2007


TFEC
2008
2005
Oil
Oil
GDP
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
30
20
20
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
30
15
15
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Cook Islands Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.1.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
30
20
20
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
338
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
32
21
21
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
32
16
16
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.1.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
32
21
21
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Cook Islands
339
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
34
23
23
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
34
17
17
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.1.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
34
23
23
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
340
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
33
24
24
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
33
18
18
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.1.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
33
24
24
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Cook Islands
341
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1992
1991
1993
1994
Cook Islands Summary Table, 19902009
Table 5.1.7
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
11
11
2001
10
10
2002
11
11
2003
18
18
2004
20
20
2005
21
21
2006
23
23
2007
2009
24
24
2008
342
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
16
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
16
16
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
16
Thermal
Coal
16
16
1992
16
16
1993
16
16
1994
16
16
1995
20
20
1996
20
20
1997
20
20
1998
22
22
1999
25
25
2000
26
26
2001
11
11
28
28
2002
11
11
29
29
2003
11
11
30
30
2004
11
11
30
30
2005
12
12
32
32
2006
12
12
34
34
2007
12
12
2009
33
33
2008
Cook Islands
343
3,450
3.9
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
100.0
100.0
0.59
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.59
0.23
65
879
100.0
100.0
53
110
0.19
0.39
2.5
3,514
0.59
0.22
61
842
100.0
100.0
50
104
0.18
0.38
2.7
3,479
3,645
66
69
58.6
19
1992
0.59
0.22
59
812
100.0
100.0
48
100
0.18
0.36
2.8
3,751
3,653
74
72
58.6
20
1993
0.59
0.22
57
821
100.0
100.0
46
96
0.18
0.37
2.8
4,499
3,835
88
75
58.7
20
1994
0.59
0.22
59
825
100.0
100.0
49
100
0.18
0.37
2.8
4,814
3,686
93
72
58.7
19
1995
0.59
0.21
59
1,000
100.0
100.0
54
101
0.19
0.36
2.5
4,709
3,565
94
71
58.8
20
1996
0.59
0.23
61
1,099
100.0
100.0
55
103
0.21
0.39
2.6
4,757
3,826
87
70
60.6
18
1997
0.59
0.24
61
1,156
100.0
100.0
55
104
0.22
0.41
3.3
4,364
3,994
76
69
62.3
17
1998
0.64
0.36
84
1,341
100.0
100.0
71
130
0.31
0.56
3.3
4,929
4,326
81
71
64.1
16
1999
0.83
0.43
95
1,397
100.0
100.0
66
114
0.30
0.52
3.9
5,119
4,514
92
81
65.8
18
2000
0.83
0.52
110
1,436
100.0
100.0
76
133
0.36
0.62
3.9
5,317
4,683
96
85
67.6
18
2001
1.03
0.58
122
1,522
100.0
100.0
88
119
0.42
0.56
3.9
6,043
4,725
111
87
68.9
18
2002
0.96
0.59
116
1,582
100.0
100.0
82
121
0.42
0.62
283
3.9
8,303
5,110
153
94
70.2
18
2003
0.60
0.55
114
1,468
100.0
100.0
80
188
0.38
0.91
256
4.1
8,792
4,832
178
98
73.0
20
2004
0.54
0.52
113
1,391
100.0
100.0
80
208
0.36
0.95
247
4.1
8,491
4,573
183
98
74.5
22
2005
0.54
0.49
117
1,359
100.0
100.0
80
216
0.34
0.91
228
3.6
7,926
4,206
188
100
76.9
24
2006
0.53
0.57
119
1,605
100.0
100.0
82
226
0.39
1.07
257
3.7
10,854
4,737
228
99
73.9
21
2007
0.51
0.54
124
1,516
100.0
100.0
85
245
0.37
1.06
249
4.0
10,563
4,343
233
96
75.2
22
2008
250
4.2
9,139
4,096
207
93
75.7
23
2009
Sources: ADB (2011), APERC estimates, JAMA (2012), and UNSD (2011a).
0.25
CO2/capita (t C)
69
57
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
118
2000 $ million)
941
0.20
person)
0.42
3,591
3,588
2000 $)

persons)
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
64
59
65
61
58.5
18
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
17
58.4
Urban Population, %
1990
344
5.2 Fiji
18,270
0.0
852
0.0
0.0
1.9
75.0

Sources: ADB (2012), CIA (2012), Ostojic et al. (2011), and World Bank.
Hydro: 62
Biomass: 178
Coal: 1
Stock Changes: 1
Indigenous
Production: 240
PRIMARY COMMODITIES:
240
Transformation: 232
Imports: 776
Oil: 776
Transformation
Losses: 202
30

425
(Discrepancy: 12)

Biomass: 8
Oil: 358
Coal: 1
Electricity: 67
Exports: 83

Others: 35
Residential: 53
Transport: 178
Industry: 168
345
346
Table 5.2.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
728
776
812
823
844
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.5
2.8
3.2
3.6
3.6
1,833
1,955
2,075
2,308
2,296
3,434
3,662
3,886
4,323
4,300
1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
235
321
269
250
240
Net Imports
256
280
265
526
395
Total PES
491
600
534
776
635
Coal
17
14
12
239
266
253
525
394
Biomass
202
284
220
192
178
Others
33
37
49
58
62
TPES/capita (toe)
0.67
0.77
0.66
0.94
0.75
196
211
169
218
175
56
67
121
204
168
117
115
108
234
178

Source: World Bank.
Table 5.2.2
Oil
Gas

Industry
Transportation
53
55
53
104
88
Total FEC
Other Sectors
226
237
282
542
434
Coal
11
14
12
172
176
212
471
358
Electricity
36
39
50
62
67
Biomass
Others
Oil
Gas
Fiji
Figure 5.2.1

1990
2008
Others
8.0%
Residential
12.2%
Others
7.0%
Residential
16.3%
Industry
38.7%
Industry
24.9%
Transport
41.1%
Transport
51.7%
226 ktoe
434 ktoe

Figure 5.2.2

1990
Biomass
3.5%
2008
Biomass
Coal
1.8%
0.2%
Coal
4.6%
Electricity
15.4%
Electricity
16.1%
Oil
75.8%
226 ktoe
Oil
82.6%
434 ktoe
347

700
600
Biomass 178
500
Hydro 62
400
Biomass 202
ktoe
348
300
Hydro 33
200
Oil 394
Oil 239
100
Coal 1
Coal 17
1990
2008

Figure 5.2.4

1990
2008
Hydro
14.1%
Biomass
85.9%
235 ktoe

Hydro
25.8%
Biomass
74.2%
240 ktoe
Fiji
Figure 5.2.5
1990
2008
Thermal
14.3%
Thermal
17.6%
Hydro
82.4%
467 GWh
Hydro
85.7%
839 GWh
Figure 5.2.6

1990
2008
Others
0.9%
Others
4.5%
Residential
16.8%
Residential
31.0%
Industry
78.7%
423 GWh
Industry
68.1%
777 GWh
349
Figure 5.2.7

1990
2008
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
334 kt C
163 kt C

Figure 5.2.8
19902008
700
600
500
400
ktoe
300
200
Industry
Transport

Residential
2007
2008
2005
Others
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
100
1990
350
Fiji
Figure 5.2.9
19902008
351

19902008
1,000
700
900
600
800
500
700
600
ktoe
ktoe
400
300
500
400
300
200
200
100

Figure 5.2.11
19902008
Figure 5.2.12
19902008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1998
2007

Hydro
2008
Oil
2007
Coal
Biomass
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Electricity
2008
Oil
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Coal
1991
1990
100
Biomass
900
400
800
350
700
300
600
GWh
200
150
500
400
300
100
Hydro

Thermal
Biomass
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
Hydro
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
1992
1991
100
1990
50
1991
200
1990
ktoe
250
352
Figure 5.2.13
19902008

600
50
45
500
40
35
400
kt C
ktoe
30
25
300
20
200
15
10
100
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1991
1990
Oil
Oil



Figure 5.2.16
19902008
300
500
300
200
150
100
50
250
400
350
200
300
250
150
200
100
150
100
50
50
0
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

450
250
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
149
50
22
22
72
234
165
471
14
40
40
525
307
124
956
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
56
61
60
17
79
11
11
15
15
15
15
31
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
145
41
41
179
162
382
39
39
420
71
71
562
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Fiji Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.2.3
11
11
11
13
13
13
LPG
4.5
4.6
15
15
233
21
268
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
674
58
58
58
58
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
184
184
192
192
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
16
16
24
38
62
71
71
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
823
58
46
46
104
234
204
542
13
184
27
211
776
307
124
956
250
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Fiji
353
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
152
52
24
24
77
238
135
450
11
41
41
503
366
119
985
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
13
13
58
70
70
17
93
11
11
15
15
15
15
31
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
146
36
36
181
132
348
40
40
388
66
66
520
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.2.4
13
13
13
15
15
15
LPG
4.5
4.6
12
12
292
21
322
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
688
59
59
59
59
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
195
195
203
203
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
19
19
20
44
63
10
72
72
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
840
53
51
51
104
238
179
522
10
10
195
28
223
766
366
119
985
262
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
354
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
119
37
25
25
63
216
131
410
44
44
463
355
89
908
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
11
11
55
65
65
17
86
11
11
15
15
15
15
31
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
100
20
20
161
122
303
38
38
341
63
41
445
19
13
16
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.2.5
14
14
16
20
20
20
LPG
4.5
4.6
10
10
285
17
311
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
717
62
62
62
62
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
153
153
161
161
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
21
21
21
45
67
12
72
72
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
836
38
54
54
92
216
177
485
12
153
34
187
687
355
89
908
222
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Fiji
355
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
120
34
24
24
58
178
122
358
42
42
394
299
83
776
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
11
11
55
65
16
49
17
70
11
11
15
15
15
15
31
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
101
17
17
124
104
245
36
36
280
56
30
367
20
16
16
23
29
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.2.6
13
13
15
17
17
17
LPG
4.5
4.6
233
21
262
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
718
62
62
62
62
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
170
170
178
178
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
21
21
21
46
67
11
72
72
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
839
35
53
53
88
178
168
434
12
11
170
32
202
635
299
83
776
240
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
356
Solar
Wind
16
226
Others
Total
37
Residential
Commercial
56
117
Industry
Transport
491
Wind
Others
Solar
Total
Geothermal
202
Nuclear
Biomass
33
Hydro
Oil
Gas
17
239
Coal
235
Geothermal
Total
Nuclear
33
Hydro
202
Gas
Others
Oil
Biomass
Coal
1990
56
223
16
30
120
236
17
35
125
59
545
527
279
34
218
14
313
279
34
1992
282
33
199
13
315
282
33
1991
235
16
35
121
63
557
279
34
230
14
313
279
34
1993
Fiji Summary Table, 19902009
Table 5.2.7
230
14
36
115
65
627
335
35
243
14
370
335
35
1994
237
15
40
115
67
600
284
37
266
14
321
284
37
1995
247
23
41
118
65
625
293
41
276
15
334
293
41
1996
248
24
43
114
67
506
230
42
218
15
272
230
42
1997
243
22
43
110
67
443
175
44
210
14
219
175
44
1998
277
23
44
108
102
539
235
49
243
13
284
235
49
1999
282
23
31
108
121
534
220
49
253
12
269
220
49
2000
369
41
42
144
141
606
205
51
340
11
255
205
51
2001
306
27
45
107
127
525
209
54
249
13
263
209
54
2002
551
108
44
190
208
797
207
57
519
14
264
207
57
2003
631
87
47
253
244
878
207
58
613
264
207
58
2004
542
58
46
234
204
776
192
58
525
250
192
58
2005
522
53
51
238
179
766
203
59
503
262
203
59
2006
485
38
54
216
177
687
161
62
463
222
161
62
2007
2009
434
35
53
178
168
635
178
62
394
240
178
62
2008
Fiji
357
1990
172
36
226
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
467
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
46
Gas
Total
163
163
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
25
Oil
161
161
24
24
25
Coal
56
Own Use
Total
46
56
472
385
87
223
32
171
13
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
82
385
Thermal
11
Coal
171
171
24
24
65
65
470
390
80
236
32
182
14
1992
167
167
24
24
70
70
480
390
90
235
35
178
14
1993
166
166
30
30
75
75
520
410
110
230
38
170
14
1994
172
172
31
31
85
85
544
429
115
237
39
176
14
1995
177
177
31
31
101
101
591
475
116
247
42
182
15
1996
175
175
32
32
85
85
610
490
120
248
46
179
15
1997
169
169
31
31
85
85
631
508
123
243
48
173
14
1998
196
196
31
31
95
95
699
573
126
277
51
205
13
1999
202
202
31
31
90
90
688
568
120
282
50
212
12
2000
278
278
37
37
100
100
726
590
136
369
52
299
11
2001
224
224
37
37
110
110
765
625
140
306
55
233
10
2002
429
429
39
39
110
110
812
667
145
551
57
477
2003
501
501
39
39
110
110
816
669
147
631
60
561
2004
427
427
40
40
110
110
823
674
149
542
62
471
2005
409
409
41
41
120
120
840
688
152
522
63
450
2006
378
378
44
44
135
135
836
717
119
485
67
410
2007
334
334
42
42
0
126
2009
126
839
718
120
434
67
358
2008
358
1,836
10.4
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
0.33
0.31
0.22
124
509
100.0
40.2
172
405
0.30
0.72
82
10.7
1,882
0.31
0.23
124
506
100.0
42.5
171
395
0.32
0.73
87
10.3
2,058
1,852
2,582
1,532
1,378
43.2
744
1992
0.30
0.22
119
543
100.0
43.8
167
396
0.31
0.74
93
11.3
2,166
1,865
2,637
1,635
1,408
43.9
755
1993
0.26
0.22
112
581
100.0
41.0
155
423
0.30
0.82
91
11.5
2,384
1,932
2,771
1,825
1,480
44.7
766
1994
0.29
0.22
113
592
100.0
46.6
156
396
0.31
0.77
106
11.2
2,540
1,955
2,841
1,970
1,517
45.5
776
1995
0.28
0.23
111
624
100.0
46.6
156
393
0.32
0.80
91
11.2
2,713
2,025
2,977
2,129
1,589
46.1
785
1996
0.35
0.22
112
668
100.0
46.2
160
325
0.31
0.64
99
12.4
2,640
1,960
2,912
2,094
1,554
46.6
793
1997
0.38
0.21
107
699
100.0
50.6
154
281
0.30
0.55
108
12.9
2,069
1,967
2,949
1,657
1,575
47.2
801
1998
0.36
0.24
115
731
100.0
47.3
161
315
0.34
0.67
124
12.7
2,407
2,123
3,209
1,942
1,713
47.7
807
1999
0.38
0.25
120
715
100.0
49.6
167
317
0.35
0.66
124
12.2
2,075
2,075
3,154
1,684
1,684
48.3
812
2000
0.46
0.34
162
736
100.0
57.9
215
353
0.45
0.74
123
13.5
2,037
2,108
3,218
1,660
1,718
48.8
815
2001
0.43
0.27
126
778
100.0
49.9
172
296
0.37
0.64
124
13.2
2,257
2,172
3,320
1,843
1,773
49.3
816
2002
0.54
0.52
240
807
100.0
66.9
308
445
0.67
0.98
159
12.9
2,834
2,191
3,354
2,316
1,790
49.8
817
2003
0.57
0.61
266
856
100.0
69.9
335
466
0.77
1.07
160
13.8
3,330
2,302
3,531
2,728
1,885
50.3
819
2004
0.55
0.52
225
877
100.0
67.8
286
409
0.66
0.94
160
11.6
3,655
2,308
3,556
3,007
1,899
50.8
823
2005
0.53
0.49
212
889
100.0
65.8
270
396
0.63
0.92
160
12.2
3,747
2,335
3,622
3,103
1,934
51.3
828
2006
0.55
0.45
197
929
100.0
67.6
253
358
0.58
0.82
160
11.6
4,046
2,295
3,591
3,380
1,917
51.8
835
2007
0.53
0.40
172
921
100.0
62.2
224
328
0.51
0.75
160
11.2
4,255
2,296
3,628
3,590
1,937
52.4
844
2008
159
11.1
3,377
2,244
3,582
2,879
1,912
52.9
852
2009
Sources: APERC estimates, JAMA (2012), UNSD (2011a), and World Bank.
0.22
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
CO2/capita (t C)
52.2
100.0
122
169
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
368
2000 $ million)
581
0.31
person)
0.67
78
1,767
1,833
2000 $)

persons)
2,434
2,501
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
1,384
1,337
1,299
1,335
42.4
735
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
728
41.6
Urban Population, %
1990
Fiji
359
5.3 Kiribati
810
0.0
98
0.0
0.1
0.0
45.0


Oil: 12
Imports: 12
7
Transformation
Losses: 3
Oil: 5
Electricity: 2
Loss and Own Use: 0.1
360
Residential: 4
Transport: 3
Kiribati
Table 5.3.1
361

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
72
77
84
92
97
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
670
655
812
808
779
1,943
1,898
2,355
2,342
2,258
1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Net Imports
11
10

Source: World Bank.
Table 5.3.2
Total PES
11
10
Coal
Oil
11
10
Gas
Biomass
Others
0.10
0.09
0.13
0.09
0.11
51
49
57
38
47
Industry
Transportation
TPES/capita (toe)
Other Sectors
Total FEC
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
Others
362
Figure 5.3.1

1990
2008
Transport
0.0%
Transport
44.7%
Residential
55.3%
Residential
100.0%
1 ktoe
7 ktoe

Figure 5.3.2

1990
Oil
0.0%
2008
Electricity
26.0%
Electricity
100.0%
1 ktoe

Source: UNSD. 2011a
Oil
74.0%
7 ktoe
Kiribati

12
10
ktoe
8
6
Oil 10
Oil 7
2
0
1990
2008

Figure 5.3.4

1990
2008
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
100.0%
8 GWh
23 GWh
363
364
Figure 5.3.5

1990
Residential
100.0%
8 GWh
2008
Residential
100.0%
21 GWh
Figure 5.3.6

1990
Oil
100.0%
6 kt C

2008
Oil
100.0%
8 kt C
Kiribati
Figure 5.3.7
19902008
Figure 5.3.8
1990-2008
10
2008
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
2007
Figure 5.3.10
19902008
2008

19902008
2006

Sources: APERC estimates, UNSD (2011a).
2007

2006
Oil
Residential
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
Transport
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
0
1994
0
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
ktoe
ktoe
10
365
Electricity
25
14
12
20
10
15
ktoe
GWh
10
Oil

Thermal
2005
2004
2003
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2007
2008
2005
2006
2004
2003
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
1990
366
Figure 5.3.11
1990-2008
Figure 5.3.12 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from

Fuel Combustion, 19902008
12
8
7
10
6
8
kt C
ktoe
5
4
3
2
2
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
1999
2000
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
1990
Oil
Oil


Source: APERC estimates, and UNSD (2011a).

Figure 5.3.14
19902008
250
700
200
500
400
300
200
100
160
140
150
120
100
100
80
60
50
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
20
1990
200
180
600
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity
toe = ton of oil equivalent, t C = ton of carbon equivalent.

Note: Energy balances for Kiribati are available in the United Nations Statistics Division energy database from 1990 to 2008. However, the primary supply of oil from 1990 to 2000 is not
disaggregated into transformation and final consumption sectors. All the oil data appear as statistical discrepancies. This explains why there are no final consumption and fuel input
for electricity of oil in the same period in Figures 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.6, 5.3.7, and 5.3.10. This also resulted in the sudden jump in the index of total final energy consumption in Figure 5.3.12.
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
22
10
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
22
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Kiribati Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.3.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
22
10
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Kiribati
367
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
24
10
12
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
24
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.3.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
24
10
12
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
368
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
24
11
13
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
24
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.3.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
24
11
13
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Kiribati
369
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
23
10
12
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
23
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.3.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
23
10
12
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
370
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1992
1991
1993
Kiribati Summary Table, 19902009
Table 5.3.7
1994
1995
12
12
1996
1997
11
11
1998
10
10
1999
11
11
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
10
10
2006
11
11
2007
2009
10
10
2008
Kiribati
371
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
1994
1995
10
10
1996
11
11
1997
11
11
1998
13
13
1999
15
15
2000
13
13
2001
14
14
2002
18
18
2003
21
21
2004
22
22
2005
24
24
2006
24
24
2007
0
1
2009
23
23
2008
372
0.84
0.84
0.08
130
108
100.0
100.0
15
155
0.01
0.10
5.5
0.84
0.08
126
108
100.0
100.0
14
151
0.01
0.10
5.2
670
640
138
50
48
35.6
74
1992
0.84
0.08
123
110
100.0
100.0
15
147
0.01
0.10
5.3
646
649
141
49
49
35.8
75
1993
0.83
0.08
117
70
100.0
100.0
140
0.01
0.09
5.1
738
672
148
56
51
36.1
76
1994
0.83
0.08
118
117
100.0
100.0
15
142
0.01
0.09
5.5
746
655
147
58
51
36.4
77
1995
0.83
0.13
190
103
100.0
100.0
13
230
0.01
0.16
5.2
865
684
155
68
54
37.7
78
1996
0.83
0.10
136
134
100.0
100.0
16
164
0.01
0.12
5.0
868
709
164
69
57
39.0
80
1997
0.83
0.12
149
128
100.0
100.0
14
180
0.01
0.14
4.6
827
774
182
67
63
40.4
81
1998
0.83
0.10
134
154
100.0
100.0
17
162
0.01
0.12
4.9
855
771
185
71
64
41.7
83
1999
0.83
0.11
137
170
100.0
100.0
18
165
0.01
0.13
4.4
812
812
198
68
68
43.0
84
2000
0.83
0.08
103
145
100.0
100.0
79
124
0.06
0.10
4.7
746
773
192
64
66
43.1
86
2001
0.83
0.08
97
158
100.0
100.0
76
117
0.06
0.09
4.3
851
806
204
74
70
43.2
87
2002
0.83
0.08
92
198
100.0
100.0
77
112
0.06
0.09
24
4.4
1,053
827
213
94
73
43.4
89
2003
0.83
0.08
92
226
100.0
100.0
80
111
0.07
0.09
23
4.6
1,133
819
215
102
74
43.5
90
2004
0.83
0.07
91
228
100.0
100.0
80
111
0.06
0.09
25
4.5
1,184
808
215
109
74
43.6
92
2005
0.82
0.09
112
239
100.0
100.0
94
136
0.08
0.11
26
4.7
1,173
809
219
110
76
43.7
94
2006
0.82
0.10
122
236
100.0
100.0
108
149
0.09
0.12
25
5.6
1,345
800
220
128
76
43.8
95
2007
0.82
0.09
113
221
100.0
100.0
94
137
0.07
0.11
26
5.7
1,373
779
218
133
75
43.8
97
2008
26
5.5
1,306
762
217
128
75
43.9
98
2009
0.08
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
100.0
CO2/capita (t C)
100.0
124
14
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
149
2000 $ million)
110
0.01
person)
0.10
5.7
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
395
653
630
670
2000 $)
48
134
28
140
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
46
35.3
73
1991
48
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
72
35.0
Urban Population, %
1990
Kiribati
373
5.4 Marshall Islands


180
0.0
53
0.0
0.1
0.0
50.0

Oil: 54
Imports: 54
14
(Discrepancy: 2)
Oil: 10
Electricity: 5
Type: 14
Loss and Own Use: 2
374
Residential: 9
Transport: 5
Sector: 14
Marshall Islands
Table 5.4.1
375

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
47
51
52
52
53
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
2,138
2,581
2,127
2,368
2,399
1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Net Imports
34
33

Source: World Bank.
Table 5.4.2
Total PES
34
33
Coal
Oil
34
33
Gas
Biomass
Others
TPES/capita (toe)
0.66
0.62
Industry
Transportation
Other Sectors
Total FEC
12
14
Coal
Oil
10
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
Others
Source: ADB (unpublished).
376
Figure 5.4.1

2003
2008
Transport
37.5%
Residential
62.5%
Transport
36.0%
Residential
64.0%
13 ktoe
14 ktoe

Sources: ADB (unpublished).
Figure 5.4.2

2003
2008
Electricity
32.8%
Electricity
42.6%
Oil
57.4%
13 ktoe
Oil
67.2%
14 ktoe
Marshall Islands

35
30
25
ktoe
20
Oil 34
Oil 33
2003
2008
15
10

Figure 5.4.4

2003
Thermal
100.0%
93 GWh
2008
Thermal
100.0%
80 GWh
377
378
Figure 5.4.5

2003
2008
Residential
100.0%
Residential
100.0%
62 GWh
55 GWh
Figure 5.4.6

2003
2008
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
28 kt C
27 kt C

Marshall Islands
Figure 5.4.8
20032008
14
14
12
12
10
10
Transport
Residential
Oil



20032008
Figure 5.4.10
20032008
40
2008
2007
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2006
2005
2004
ktoe
16
2003
16
2003
ktoe
Figure 5.4.7
20032008
379
Electricity
100
35
80
30
25
GWh
ktoe
60
20
40
15
10
20
2008
2007
2006
2005
Thermal
Oil

2004
2003
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
Figure 5.4.11
20032008

30
30
25
25

Sources: ADB (unpublished), and APERC estimates.


Figure 5.4.14
20032008
120
300
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
200
150
150
100
100
50
Energy Intensity
2008
50
2007
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
20
200
2006
40
250
2005
60
250
2004
80
300
2003
100
Carbon Intensity

Note: The energy balance data for Marshall Islands were collected through a study commissioned by ADB in 2008. The data available were only for the period 2003 to 2008.
350
140
GDP
2008
Oil
Oil
2007
2008
2007
2006
2005
10
2004
10
2006
15
2005
15
2004
kt C
20
2003
ktoe
20
2003
380
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
97
28
28
34
28
62
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
32
10
10
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
65
19
19
19
28
46
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Marshall Islands Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.4.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
97
12
19
19
34
28
62
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Marshall Islands
381
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
93
24
24
31
12
43
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
21
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
72
19
19
19
12
31
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.4.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
93
11
16
16
31
12
43
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
382
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
87
10
25
25
35
12
47
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
22
10
10
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
65
19
19
19
12
31
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.4.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
87
15
17
17
35
12
47
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Marshall Islands
383
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
80
10
23
23
33
21
54
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
65
19
19
19
21
40
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.4.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
80
14
16
16
33
21
54
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
384
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1991
1993
1992
1994
Marshall Islands Summary Table, 19902009
Table 5.4.7
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
13
34
34
2003
13
36
36
2004
12
34
34
2005
11
31
31
2006
15
35
35
2007
2009
14
33
33
2008
Marshall Islands
385
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
28
28
27
27
93
93
13
2003
30
30
28
28
98
98
13
2004
28
28
28
28
97
97
12
2005
26
26
24
24
93
93
11
2006
29
29
25
25
87
87
15
10
2007
27
27
23
23
2009
80
80
14
10
2008
386
1,660
1.0
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
1.1
1,702
1.0
1,845
2,196
91
108
65.7
49
1992
0.7
1,988
2,296
99
115
66.1
50
1993
1.1
2,137
2,406
108
122
66.4
51
1994
2.5
2,357
2,581
120
132
66.7
51
1995
1.5
2,157
2,298
111
118
67.0
51
1996
1.6
2,056
2,137
106
110
67.4
52
1997
1.5
2,093
2,067
109
107
67.7
52
1998
3.2
2,073
2,012
108
105
68.1
52
1999
4.4
2,127
2,127
111
111
68.4
52
2000
4.4
2,209
2,242
115
117
68.7
52
2001
4.1
2,396
2,304
125
120
69.0
52
2002
0.83
0.54
233
1,195
100.0
100.0
104
281
0.24
0.65
15
4.3
2,441
2,311
127
120
69.4
52
2003
0.83
0.57
246
1,161
100.0
100.0
106
296
0.24
0.68
15
4.2
2,523
2,311
131
120
69.7
52
2004
0.83
0.54
230
1,167
100.0
100.0
94
278
0.22
0.66
16
4.2
2,643
2,368
138
123
70.0
52
2005
0.83
0.49
203
1,088
100.0
100.0
91
244
0.22
0.59
17
4.2
2,746
2,405
143
126
70.4
52
2006
0.83
0.56
226
1,086
100.0
100.0
119
273
0.29
0.67
19
4.2
2,853
2,465
150
129
70.7
52
2007
0.83
0.51
214
1,040
100.0
100.0
114
257
0.27
0.62
19
4.3
2,885
2,399
153
127
71.1
53
2008
19
4.2
2,838
2,345
152
125
71.4
53
2009
Sources: ADB (unpublished), APERC estimates, JAMA (2012), and World Bank.
2,087
2,138
2000 $)

persons)
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
83
78
101
101
65.4
48
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
47
65.1
Urban Population, %
1990
Marshall Islands
387
5.5 Federated States of Micronesia

700
0.0
111
0.0
0.0
0.2
45.0

Sources: ADB (2012), Ostojic et al. (2011), and World Bank.

Oil: 41
Imports: 41
27
Oil: 21
Electricity: 7
388
Residential: 11
Transport: 16
Table 5.5.1
389

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
96
107
107
109
110
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
1,891
2,192
2,181
2,193
2,079
2,634
3,053
3,038
3,054
2,896
1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Net Imports
45
38
41

Source: World Bank.
Table 5.5.2
Total PES
45
38
41
Coal
Oil
45
38
41
Gas
Biomass
Others
TPES/capita (toe)
0.42
0.35
0.37
138
115
127
Industry
Transportation
16
13
16
Other Sectors
10
11
Total FEC
25
23
27
Coal
Oil
19
18
21
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
Others
= no data or not applicable, FEC = final energy consumption, GDP = gross domestic product, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, PES = primary energy supply, PPP
= purchasing power parity, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total primary energy supply.
390
Figure 5.5.1

2000
Residential
37.8%
2008
Residential
40.7%
Transport
62.2%
25 ktoe
Transport
59.3%
27 ktoe

Figure 5.5.2

2000
2008
Electricity
24.0%
Electricity
25.6%
Oil
74.4%
25 ktoe
Oil
76.0%
27 ktoe

50
45
40
35
ktoe
30
25
Oil 45
Oil 41
20
15
10
5
Others, 160
Biomass, 2,980
2000
2008

Figure 5.5.4

2000
Thermal
100.0%
89 GWh
2008
Thermal
100.0%
76 GWh
391
392
Figure 5.5.5

2000
2008
Residential
100.0%
Residential
100.0%
75 GWh
76 GWh
Figure 5.5.6

2000
Oil
100.0%
37 kt C

2008
Oil
100.0%
33 kt C
Figure 5.5.7
20002008
Figure 5.5.8
20002008
35
35
30
30
25
25
20
ktoe
ktoe
20
15
15
10
10
Transport
Oil
Residential
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2000
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
2001
393
Electricity



20002008
Figure 5.5.10
20002008
50
120
45
100
40
35
80
GWh
ktoe
30
25
60
20
40
15
10
20
Oil

Thermal
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
394
Figure 5.5.11
20002008

45
30
40
25
35
30
20
kt C
ktoe
25
15
20
15
10
10
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2000
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Oil
Oil

Sources: ADB (unpublished), and APERC estimates.


Figure 5.5.14
20002008
140
250
200
180
120
100
80
60
40
20
200
160
140
150
120
100
100
80
60
50
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
Energy Intensity
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
20
Carbon Intensity

Note: The energy balance data for Marshall Islands were collected through a study commissioned by ADB in 2008. The data available were only for the period 2000 to 2008.
2001
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
80
13
18
21
21
38
38
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
13
13
13
13
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
80
19
19
19
19
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Federated States of Micronesia Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.5.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
80
10
10
10
13
23
14
14
38
38
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe

395
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
58
23
26
15
15
41
41
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
14
14
14
14
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
58
15
15
24
24
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.5.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
58
23
31
10
14
41
41
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
396
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
67
20
23
17
17
41
41
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
15
15
15
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
67
17
17
22
22
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.5.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
67
20
28
12
12
41
41
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe

397
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
76
16
21
20
20
41
41
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
16
16
16
16
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
76
20
20
21
21
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.5.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
76
11
11
11
16
27
13
13
41
41
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
398
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1991
1993
1992
1994
1995
1996
Federated States of Micronesia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 5.5.7
1997
1998
1999
25
16
45
45
2000
30
22
46
46
2001
31
10
21
48
48
2002
22
14
40
40
2003
26
10
16
44
44
2004
23
10
13
38
38
2005
31
23
41
41
2006
28
20
41
41
2007
2009
27
11
16
41
41
2008

399
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
37
37
26
26
89
89
25
19
2000
41
41
27
27
90
90
30
24
2001
43
43
29
29
98
98
31
24
2002
33
33
26
26
101
101
22
14
2003
36
36
25
25
96
96
26
19
2004
32
32
21
21
80
80
23
18
2005
34
34
15
15
58
58
31
26
2006
34
34
17
17
67
67
28
23
2007
33
33
20
20
2009
76
76
27
21
2008
400
1,528
1.4
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
1.4
1,683
1.5
1,758
2,008
283
178
203
25.5
101
1992
1.4
1,912
2,120
307
198
220
25.4
104
1993
1.4
1,914
2,068
305
203
219
25.2
106
1994
1.5
2,076
2,192
327
223
235
25.1
107
1995
1.3
2,032
2,110
317
219
228
24.5
108
1996
1.5
1,921
1,984
298
207
214
24.0
108
1997
1.7
2,045
2,045
306
220
220
23.4
108
1998
1.5
2,062
2,085
311
221
224
22.9
107
1999
0.82
0.35
158
696
100.0
100.0
107
192
0.23
0.42
1.7
2,181
2,181
325
234
234
22.3
107
2000
0.91
0.39
174
704
100.0
100.0
128
192
0.28
0.42
2.0
2,240
2,213
331
240
237
22.3
107
2001
0.91
0.40
181
761
100.0
100.0
129
199
0.28
0.44
1.9
2,244
2,215
332
242
239
22.3
108
2002
0.82
0.30
135
786
100.0
100.0
89
164
0.20
0.37
1.7
2,263
2,242
338
245
243
22.3
108
2003
0.82
0.33
154
739
100.0
100.0
111
188
0.24
0.40
1.4
2,201
2,157
327
240
235
22.3
109
2004
0.82
0.29
132
614
100.0
100.0
98
160
0.21
0.35
0.6
2,285
2,193
334
250
240
22.3
109
2005
0.83
0.31
143
442
100.0
100.0
128
173
0.28
0.38
0.4
2,318
2,188
335
255
240
22.4
110
2006
0.82
0.31
143
512
100.0
100.0
120
174
0.26
0.37
0.4
2,339
2,136
328
257
235
22.5
110
2007
0.82
0.30
146
693
100.0
100.0
119
177
0.25
0.37
0.4
2,387
2,079
320
263
229
22.5
110
2008
0.4
2,528
2,087
322
280
231
22.6
111
2009
Sources: ADB (unpublished), APERC estimates, and World Bank.
1,981
1,891
2000 $)

persons)
273
254
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
166
147
196
182
25.7
99
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
96
25.8
Urban Population, %
1990

401
5.6 Nauru

47,088
0.0
10
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0

Sources: ADB (2011 and 2012), CIA (2012), and GenderCC of the UNFCCC (2010).

Oil: 54
Imports: 54
Transformation
Losses: 9
38
Oil: 35
Electricity: 3
402
Residential: 3
Transport: 9
Industry: 26
Nauru
Table 5.6.1
403

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
10
10
10
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,417
2,228
1,812
1,967
3,386

Source: ADB (2011).
Table 5.6.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

Net Imports
43
45
44
46
47
Total PES
43
45
44
46
47
Coal
Oil
43
45
44
46
47
Gas
Biomass
Others
4.70
4.52
4.35
4.86
4.91
24
25
23
25
26
TPES/capita (toe)
Industry
Transportation
Total FEC
Other Sectors
36
37
35
38
38
Coal
Oil
33
34
33
35
35
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
Others
404
Figure 5.6.1

1990
2008
Residential
8.0%
Residential
7.0%
Transport
26.3%
Transport
24.6%
Industry
66.7%
Industry
67.4%
38 ktoe
36 ktoe
Figure 5.6.2

1990
2008
Electricity
8.0%
Electricity
7.0%
Oil
93.0%
36 ktoe
Oil
92.0%
38 ktoe
Nauru

50
45
40
35
ktoe
30
25
Oil 43
20
Oil 47
15
10
5
0
1990
2008

Figure 5.6.4

1990
Thermal
100.0%
29 GWh
2008
Thermal
100.0%
35 GWh
405
406
Figure 5.6.5

1990
Residential
100.0%
29 GWh
2008
Residential
100.0%
35 GWh
Figure 5.6.6
1990
2008
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
37 kt C
41 kt C

Nauru
Figure 5.6.7
19902008
Figure 5.6.8
19902008
40
40
35
30
25
25
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2008
50
2007
Figure 5.6.10
19902008
2008

19902008
2006

2007

2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2008
2007
2006
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
2005
Oil
Residential
Transport
2006
Industry
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
10
1992
10
1991
15
1990
15
1993
20
1992
20
1991
ktoe
30
1990
35
ktoe
407
Electricity
40
45
35
40
30
35
25
GWh
ktoe
30
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Thermal
Oil

1993
1992
1991
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
408
Figure 5.6.11
19902008

14
45
40
12
35
10
30
8
kt C
ktoe
25
20
15
4
10
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Oil
Oil



Figure 5.6.14
19902008
200
3,000
3,000
2,500
2,500
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
500
500
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
Notes:
1. Indices are measured relative to the base year 2000 (2000 = 100).
2. Naurus GDP almost doubled from 2007 to 2008, but energy consumption did not
increase accordingly.
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

180
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
33
25
35
11
11
46
53
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
33
25
25
11
11
37
37
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Nauru Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.6.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
33
25
38
46
53
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Nauru
409
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
33
25
34
11
11
46
53
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
33
25
25
11
11
37
37
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.6.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
33
25
37
46
53
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
410
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
35
26
35
12
12
47
54
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
35
26
26
12
12
38
38
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.6.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
35
26
38
47
54
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Nauru
411
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
35
26
35
12
12
47
54
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
35
26
26
12
12
38
38
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.6.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
35
26
38
47
54
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
412
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
43
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
24
36
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
43
Coal
Coal
1990
36
24
36
24
44
43
44
1992
43
1991
36
24
44
44
1993
Nauru Summary Table, 19902009
Table 5.6.7
36
24
44
44
1994
37
25
45
45
1995
37
25
45
45
1996
37
25
45
45
1997
37
25
45
45
1998
35
23
44
44
1999
35
23
44
44
2000
37
25
45
45
2001
37
25
45
45
2002
38
26
46
46
2003
38
26
46
46
2004
38
25
46
46
2005
37
25
46
46
2006
38
26
47
47
2007
2009
38
26
47
47
2008
Nauru
413
1990
33
36
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
29
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
37
37
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
10
Oil
37
37
10
10
10
Coal
Own Use
Total
29
29
36
33
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
29
Thermal
Coal
38
38
10
10
30
30
36
34
1992
38
38
10
10
30
30
36
34
1993
38
38
10
10
30
30
36
34
1994
39
39
11
11
32
32
37
34
1995
39
39
11
11
32
32
37
34
1996
39
39
11
11
32
32
37
34
1997
39
39
11
11
32
32
37
34
1998
38
38
11
11
33
33
35
33
1999
38
38
11
11
33
33
35
33
2000
39
39
10
10
30
30
37
35
2001
39
39
10
10
30
30
37
35
2002
40
40
11
11
31
31
38
35
2003
40
40
11
11
32
32
38
35
2004
40
40
11
11
33
33
38
35
2005
40
40
11
11
33
33
37
34
2006
41
41
12
12
35
35
38
35
2007
41
41
12
12
2009
35
35
38
35
2008
414
5,381
4.4
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
3.89
1,377
1,137
100.0
100.0
3,169
1,194
4.08
0.87
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.87
3.99
1,241
3,103
100.0
100.0
1,182
1,430
3.80
4.61
4.5
4,872
0.87
3.85
1,370
3,024
100.0
100.0
1,302
1,579
3.66
4.44
4.6
4,300
2,812
43
28
100.0
10
1992
0.87
3.85
1,478
3,020
100.0
100.0
1,404
1,704
3.65
4.43
4.5
3,706
2,602
37
26
100.0
10
1993
0.87
3.84
1,595
3,016
100.0
100.0
1,515
1,839
3.65
4.43
4.0
3,708
2,408
37
24
100.0
10
1994
0.87
3.92
1,761
3,212
100.0
100.0
1,657
2,029
3.69
4.52
4.1
3,499
2,228
35
22
100.0
10
1995
0.87
3.92
1,900
3,207
100.0
100.0
1,788
2,189
3.69
4.51
4.5
3,382
2,062
34
21
100.0
10
1996
0.87
3.91
2,050
3,203
100.0
100.0
1,929
2,362
3.68
4.51
4.5
3,015
1,908
30
19
100.0
10
1997
0.87
3.91
2,089
3,198
100.0
100.0
1,965
2,407
3.67
4.50
4.4
2,398
1,870
24
19
100.0
10
1998
0.87
3.82
2,082
3,293
100.0
100.0
1,933
2,396
3.54
4.39
4.4
2,364
1,832
24
18
100.0
10
1999
0.87
3.78
2,084
3,260
100.0
100.0
1,935
2,399
3.51
4.35
4.2
2,082
1,812
21
18
100.0
10
2000
0.87
3.87
2,119
2,969
100.0
100.0
2,019
2,438
3.69
4.45
4.4
1,876
1,826
19
18
100.0
10
2001
0.87
3.89
2,103
2,981
100.0
100.0
2,003
2,419
3.70
4.47
4.4
1,761
1,848
18
19
100.0
10
2002
0.87
4.05
2,150
3,140
100.0
100.0
2,042
2,472
3.85
4.66
4.4
2,315
1,884
23
19
100.0
10
2003
0.87
4.14
2,150
3,300
100.0
100.0
2,030
2,472
3.91
4.76
4.4
2,857
1,924
28
19
100.0
10
2004
0.87
4.23
2,150
3,448
100.0
100.0
2,020
2,472
3.97
4.86
4.4
2,781
1,967
26
19
100.0
2005
0.87
4.33
2,150
3,618
100.0
100.0
2,009
2,472
4.05
4.98
4.4
2,750
2,015
25
19
100.0
2006
0.87
4.36
2,467
3,681
100.0
100.0
2,299
2,836
4.06
5.01
4.5
2,466
1,767
23
17
100.0
2007
0.87
4.27
1,261
3,689
100.0
100.0
1,169
1,450
3.96
4.91
4.4
4,341
3,386
42
32
100.0
10
2008
4.5
5,552
2,715
54
27
100.0
10
2009
Sources: ADB (2011), APERC estimates, and UNSD (2011a).
4.70
3,220
3,417
2000 $)

persons)
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
46
49
30
31
100.0
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
100.0
Urban Population, %
1990
Nauru
415
5.7 Palau
460
0.0
20
0.0
0.1
0.0
98.4

Sources: ADB (2012), CIA (2012), GenderCC of the UNFCCC (2010), and World Bank.

Hydro: 2
Oil: 87
Imports: 87
(Discrepancy: 1)
45
Electricity: 11
Oil: 34
Transformation
Losses: 23
Loss and Own Use: 2
416
Others: 8
Residential: 4
Transport: 32
Industry: 1
Palau
Table 5.7.1
417

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
15
17
19
20
20
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
6,356
6,252
6,430
6,328
12,762
12,554
12,911
12,706
Source: World Bank.
Table 5.7.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

Net Imports
62
65
65
70
Total PES
63
67
66
72
Coal
Oil
62
65
65
70
Gas
Biomass
Others
TPES/capita (toe)
3.67
3.48
3.32
3.55
288
277
257
279
Industry
Transportation
24
25
31
32
Other Sectors
10
12
Total FEC
26
27
43
45
Coal
Oil
26
27
33
34
Gas
Electricity
11
Biomass
Others
418
Figure 5.7.1

1992
2008
Industry
1.9%
Residential
7.9%
Industry
0.0%
Others
16.7%
Residential
9.9%
Transport
92.1%
Transport
71.5%
26 ktoe
45 ktoe

Figure 5.7.2

1992
2008
Electricity
0.0%
Electricity
23.9%
Oil
100.0%
Oil
76.1%
26 ktoe
45 ktoe

Note: Although there was production of electric energy in Palau from 1992 to 2000, final consumption of electricity is reported as zero
for the period.
Palau

80
Hydro 2
70
Hydro 2
60
ktoe
50
40
Oil 70
Oil 62
30
20
10
0
1992
2008

Figure 5.7.4

1992
Hydro
100.0%
2 ktoe
2008
Hydro
100.0%
2 ktoe
419
420
Figure 5.7.5

1992
2008
Hydro
11.8%
Hydro
16.7%
Thermal
83.3%
120 GWh
Thermal
88.2%
152 GWh
Figure 5.7.6

1992
2008
Industry
7.9%
Residential
22.2%
Others
69.8%
0 GWh
Note: Electricity consumption data prior to 2001 are not available.
126 GWh
Palau
Figure 5.7.7

1992
2008
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
50 kt C
58 kt C

Figure 5.7.8
19922008
50
45
40
35
ktoe
30
25
20
15
10
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
Others

Note: Although there was production of electric energy in Palau from 1992 to 2000, final
consumption of electricity is reported as zero for the period. This explains the abrupt
increase in final energy consumption from 2000 to 2001.
421
422
Figure 5.7.9
19922008

19922008
80
50
45
70
40
60
35
50
ktoe
ktoe
30
25
20
40
30
15
20
10
Oil
Oil
Electricity

Although there was production of electric energy in Palau from 1992 to 2000, final
consumption of electricity is reported as zero for the period. This explains the abrupt
increase in final energy consumption from 2000 to 2001.

Figure 5.7.11
19922008
Figure 5.7.12
19922008
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1992
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1993
10
Hydro
180
160
140
GWh
ktoe
120
100
80
60
40
Hydro
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
Thermal
Hydro

1994
1993
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
1992
1992
20
Palau
Figure 5.7.13
19922008
423

40
70
35
60
30
50
25
kt C
ktoe
40
20
30
15
20
10



Figure 5.7.16
19922008
600
800
300
200
100
CO2 Emissions
Notes:
2. Although there was production of electric energy in Palau from 1992 to 2000, final
consumption of electricity is reported as zero for the period. This explains the abrupt jump
in the index for TFEC from 2000 to 2001.
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
0
1999
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
100
1992
20
TPES
200
1998
40
300
1997
60
400
1996
80
400
500
1995
100
600
1994
120
500
1993
140
700
1992
160
180
TFEC
2008
Oil
Oil
GDP
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1992
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1993
10
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
116
31
33
30
30
65
15
80
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
25
25
25
26
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
20
11
11
96
25
25
25
25
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Palau Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.7.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
14
15
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
18
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
12
12
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
134
10
31
43
20
20
66
15
80
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
424
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
133
31
33
34
34
68
15
84
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
25
25
25
26
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
21
11
11
112
29
29
29
29
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.7.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
14
15
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
18
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
10
11
13
13
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
151
12
31
44
23
23
70
15
84
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Palau
425
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
136
32
34
35
35
70
17
87
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
26
26
26
27
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
24
12
12
112
29
29
29
29
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.7.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
15
16
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
18
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
10
11
13
13
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
154
12
32
46
23
23
72
17
87
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
426
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
134
32
34
35
35
70
17
87
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
26
26
26
27
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
23
12
12
111
29
29
29
29
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.7.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
15
16
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
18
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
10
11
13
13
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
152
12
32
45
23
23
72
17
87
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Palau
427
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1991
26
24
26
24
63
0
63
62
1993
62
1992
Palau Summary Table, 19902009
Table 5.7.7
26
24
63
62
1994
26
24
63
62
1995
27
25
65
63
1996
27
25
65
63
1997
27
25
65
63
1998
27
25
64
63
1999
27
25
67
65
2000
40
29
62
61
2001
40
29
63
61
2002
42
31
65
63
2003
42
31
64
63
2004
43
31
66
65
2005
44
31
70
68
2006
46
32
72
70
2007
2009
45
32
72
70
2008
428
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
50
50
34
34
120
20
100
26
26
1992
50
50
34
34
120
20
100
26
26
1993
50
50
34
34
120
20
100
26
26
1994
50
50
34
34
120
20
100
26
26
1995
51
51
35
35
121
20
101
27
27
1996
51
51
35
35
121
20
101
27
27
1997
51
51
35
35
121
20
101
27
27
1998
51
51
34
34
118
18
100
27
27
1999
53
53
37
37
125
18
107
27
27
2000
50
50
28
28
25
25
128
18
110
40
31
2001
50
50
29
29
25
25
127
18
109
40
31
2002
52
52
29
29
25
25
128
18
110
42
33
2003
52
52
28
28
25
25
128
18
110
42
33
2004
53
53
30
30
25
25
134
18
116
43
33
2005
57
57
34
34
25
25
151
18
133
44
11
33
2006
58
58
35
35
25
25
154
18
136
46
11
34
2007
58
58
35
35
0
25
2009
25
152
18
134
45
11
34
2008
Palau
429
5,096
2000 $)
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.7
5,420
0.79
3.14
475
100.0
97.3
249
603
1.65
3.99
0.9
5,188
6,611
211
82
105
70.3
16
1992
0.79
3.05
541
100.0
97.3
284
687
1.60
3.88
0.7
4,644
5,638
185
76
92
70.7
16
1993
0.79
2.97
505
100.0
97.3
265
641
1.56
3.77
0.8
4,971
5,884
199
84
99
71.0
17
1994
0.79
2.89
455
100.0
97.3
239
578
1.52
3.67
0.9
5,520
6,356
220
95
110
71.4
17
1995
0.79
2.88
421
100.0
97.3
225
535
1.54
3.66
0.9
6,115
6,842
243
108
121
71.1
18
1996
0.79
2.82
412
100.0
97.3
220
523
1.50
3.57
1.2
6,247
6,834
249
113
124
70.8
18
1997
0.79
2.75
404
100.0
97.3
216
512
1.47
3.49
1.5
6,334
6,820
254
117
126
70.5
19
1998
0.79
2.69
424
100.0
97.6
228
537
1.44
3.40
1.4
6,012
6,331
240
113
120
70.2
19
1999
0.79
2.75
440
100.0
97.7
227
556
1.42
3.48
1.4
6,252
6,252
241
120
120
69.9
19
2000
0.80
2.57
411
5,309
100.0
97.5
331
513
2.07
3.21
1.4
6,425
6,258
244
125
121
71.3
19
2001
0.80
2.56
428
5,211
100.0
97.5
342
534
2.05
3.20
1.5
6,103
5,986
235
119
117
72.8
20
2002
0.80
2.65
451
5,229
100.0
97.6
365
561
2.14
3.29
0.4
6,230
5,871
232
123
116
74.2
20
2003
0.80
2.61
426
5,201
100.0
97.6
348
531
2.13
3.25
0.4
6,744
6,126
244
134
121
75.7
20
2004
0.81
2.68
417
5,476
100.0
97.7
334
516
2.15
3.32
0.4
7,306
6,430
257
145
128
77.1
20
2005
0.81
2.83
429
6,297
100.0
97.8
335
528
2.21
3.48
0.4
7,826
6,588
265
157
132
78.2
20
2006
0.81
2.89
432
6,462
100.0
97.8
339
533
2.27
3.57
0.3
8,166
6,690
270
164
135
79.3
20
2007
0.81
2.88
454
6,229
100.0
97.8
353
561
2.24
3.55
0.3
8,226
6,328
257
166
128
80.5
20
2008
0.4
8,095
6,159
252
165
125
81.6
20
2009
Sources: APERC estimates, UNSD (2011a), and World Bank.
7,256
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
84
225
77
112
70.0
15
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
15
69.6
Urban Population, %
1990
430
5.8 Papua New Guinea

462,840
6,703
15.6
70.0
4.7
10.0

Sources: ADB (2012), Ostojic et al. (2011), World Bank, and WEC (2010).
Oil: 69
Oil: 753
Geothermal: 320
Hydro: 73
Gas: 338
Oil: 2,018
Imports: 753
Stock Changes: 69
(Discrepancy: 68)
Oil: 690
Transformation
Losses: 771
Imports: 690
Exports: 1,943
564

(Discrepancy: 1)
Oil: 889
Electricity: 273

1,162
Transfers: 1
Others: 128
Industry: 629
Sector: 1,162
Transport: 404
Stock Change: 47
1,158
431
432
Table 5.8.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
4,158
4,716
5,379
6,095
6,703
2.4
3.6
3.5
3.8
4.7
7.0
10.6
10.5
11.4
14.1

567
755
655
626
705
1,689
2,249
1,951
1,866
2,101

Source: World Bank.
Table 5.8.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

4,612
4,897
3,866
2,894
2,749
3,746
3,976
2,743
1,096
478
866
921
1,123
1,799
2,270
Oil
753
741
908
1,367
1,540
Gas
Net Imports
Total PES
Coal
72
83
119
241
338
Biomass
22
16
Others
40
75
80
191
393
TPES/capita (toe)
0.21
0.20
0.21
0.30
0.34
123
87
107
158
161
Industry
190
271
480
617
629
Transportation
209
251
306
369
404
Other Sectors
214
168
94
129
128
Total FEC
613
689
880
1,115
1,162
Oil
398
571
686
849
889
Gas
72
142
117
194
266
273
Coal
Electricity
Biomass
Others
Papua New Guinea
Figure 5.8.1

1990
2009
Residential
0.0%
Others
29.2%
Others
11.0%
Industry
31.0%
Transport
34.8%
Residential
5.7%
Industry
54.2%
Transport
34.1%
613 ktoe
1,162 ktoe

Figure 5.8.2

1990
2009
Coal
0.0%
Coal
0.2%
Electricity
23.5%
Electricity
23.2%
Gas
11.7%
Gas
0.0%
Oil
64.9%
Oil
76.5%
613 ktoe
1,162 ktoe
433

2,500
Geothermal 320
2,000
Hydro 73
Gas 338
1,500
ktoe
434
1,000
Geothermal 0
Gas 72
Hydro 40
Oil 1,540
500
Oil 753
Coal 1
Coal 0
1990
2009

Figure 5.8.4

1990
Gas
1.6%
Hydro
0.9%
2009
Geothermal
0.0%
Geothermal
11.6%
Hydro
2.7%
Gas
12.3%
Oil
73.4%
Oil
97.6%
4,612 ktoe
2,749 ktoe
Papua New Guinea
Figure 5.8.5

1990
2009
Geothermal
0.0%
Geothermal
10.8%
Hydro
26.0%
Hydro
24.8%
Thermal
74.0%
Thermal
64.4%
1,789 GWh
3,445 GWh
Figure 5.8.6

1990
2009
Others
27.1%
Others
19.7%
Residential
7.7%
Industry
72.5%
1,651 GWh
Residential
0.0%
Industry
72.9%
3,175 GWh
435
Figure 5.8.7

1990
2009
Gas
6.8%
Gas
14.7%
Oil
93.2%
Oil
85.3%
677 kt C
1,473 kt C

Figure 5.8.8
19902009
1,200
1,000
800
ktoe
600
400
200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
436
Industry
Transport

Residential
Others
Papua New Guinea
Figure 5.8.9
19902009
437

19902009
2,500
1,200
1,000
2,000
800
ktoe
ktoe
1,500
600
1,000
400
Coal
Biomass
Gas

Figure 5.8.11
19902009
Figure 5.8.12
19902009
6,000
Geothermal
2007
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
Hydro

1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
Oil
2009
Electricity
2009
Gas
2008
Oil
2008
Coal
1991
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
500
200
Biomass
3,500
3,000
5,000
2,500
GWh
ktoe
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,500
2,000
1,000
1,000
Oil
Gas
Hydro

Geothermal
Biomass
Thermal
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
2007
2005
2006
2003
2004
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2009
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
500
438
Figure 5.8.13
19902009

1,600
700
1,400
600
1,200
500
400
kt C
300
800
600
200
Oil
Gas
Oil



Figure 5.8.16
19902009
2009
2007
Gas

400
600
250
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
2009
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
1992
0
1991
200
1990
100
1991
400
1990
ktoe
1,000
100
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2008
2009
2007
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
50
CO2 Emissions
300
400
250
200
300
150
200
100
100
50
0
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

150
500
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
350
200
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
1,697
12
12
12
1,060
1,060
13
1,084
294
2,482
993
2,867
50
50
375
425
850
21
1,060
498
562
13
295
435
730
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
89
89
66
66
23
29
52
36
36
36
17
19
19
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
385
201
391
591
555
241
314
282
102
13
19
108
256
149
166
102
268
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Papua New Guinea Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.8.3
12
17
14
14
LPG
4.5
4.6
80
98
10
318
318
201
201
Other
Petroleum
Products
525
148
111
111
259
259
Gas
5.
863
74
74
74
74
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
227
195
195
195
195
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
69
69
198
267
18
285
285
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,312
131
131
375
623
1,129
187
593
593
1,908
294
2,917
1,724
3,396
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Papua New Guinea

439
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
1,705
12
12
800
800
12
824
454
1,487
778
1,987
42
42
383
433
858
17
760
573
187
13
675
30
172
818
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
90
90
27
27
47
16
16
37
37
37
37
37
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
206
391
596
392
257
135
464
13
451
14
20
70
316
246
264
40
299
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.8.4
12
18
14
14
LPG
4.5
4.6
82
16
98
11
266
266
39
120
10
130
Other
Petroleum
Products
500
217
108
108
326
326
Gas
5.
863
74
74
74
74
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
289
249
249
249
249
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
72
72
198
270
18
289
289
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,357
114
114
383
643
1,141
253
41
715
756
2,148
425
1,659
1,596
2,636
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
440
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
1,598
29
799
799
12
844
85
2,044
870
2,102
44
44
398
425
868
14
811
552
259
616
26
642
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
90
90
11
79
83
38
38
38
37
37
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
216
396
612
374
237
138
198
281
287
17
23
121
316
194
215
223
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.8.5
13
19
12
13
LPG
4.5
4.6
87
87
306
306
201
Other
Petroleum
Products
546
220
118
118
338
338
Gas
5.
855
74
74
74
74
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
372
320
320
320
320
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
73
73
199
272
18
290
290
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,372
117
117
398
628
1,144
30
253
12
773
762
2,191
111
2,044
1,513
2,833
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Papua New Guinea

441
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
1,676
68
825
825
897
69
1,943
753
2,018
54
54
404
426
885
25
841
573
268
643
47
690
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
92
92
70
21
26
38
38
38
38
38
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
221
396
617
418
252
166
97
355
11
366
17
23
99
321
222
245
246
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.8.6
13
19
13
14
LPG
4.5
4.6
11
11
86
97
25
319
319
168
29
29
Other
Petroleum
Products
543
220
118
118
338
338
Gas
5.
854
73
73
73
73
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
372
320
320
320
320
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
74
74
199
273
24
296
296
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,445
128
128
404
629
1,162
67
270
16
788
771
2,270
22
1,943
1,443
2,749
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
442
40
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
72
40
866
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
613
Commercial
Total
35
Residential
179
209
Others
190
Industry
Transport
753
Coal
4,612
72
Total
4,500
Gas
Oil
Coal
1990
617
180
37
210
190
616
180
38
210
188
897
916
40
72
784
5,412
40
72
5,300
1992
40
72
803
5,112
40
72
5,000
1991
623
177
38
224
184
898
40
74
783
5,514
40
74
5,400
1993
654
91
77
248
238
957
24
69
80
784
5,882
24
69
80
5,709
1994
689
89
79
251
271
921
22
75
83
741
4,897
22
75
83
4,717
1995
Papua New Guinea Summary Table, 19902009
Table 5.8.7
724
93
79
257
294
954
27
81
117
728
5,244
27
81
117
5,019
1996
717
99
81
260
278
1,029
30
61
100
839
3,776
30
61
100
3,586
1997
763
104
83
251
325
1,127
27
75
115
909
4,049
27
75
115
3,832
1998
823
109
92
262
360
1,056
30
79
113
834
4,879
30
79
113
4,657
1999
880
12
82
306
480
1,123
16
80
119
908
3,866
16
80
119
3,651
2000
948
12
93
328
515
1,299
80
144
1,075
3,281
80
144
3,057
2001
1,008
12
100
344
552
1,394
80
144
1,170
2,776
80
144
2,552
2002
1,095
12
108
374
601
1,553
80
132
1,340
2,640
80
132
2,427
2003
1,101
68
40
380
613
1,615
33
77
107
1,399
2,350
33
77
107
2,134
2004
1,115
129
369
617
1,799
114
77
241
1,367
2,894
114
77
241
2,462
2005
1,129
131
375
623
1,908
195
74
259
1,380
3,396
195
74
259
2,867
2006
1,141
114
383
643
2,148
249
74
326
1,499
2,636
249
74
326
1,987
2007
1,162
128
404
629
2,270
320
73
338
1,540
2,749
320
73
338
2,018
2009
1,144
117
398
628
2,191
320
74
338
1,460
2,833
320
74
338
2,102
2008
Papua New Guinea

443
613
Others
Total
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Gas
Total
631
46
677
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
345
Oil
677
46
631
346
346
345
Coal
Own Use
Total
1,793
465
1,328
617
146
72
398
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
1,789
465
Hydro
Total
1,324
Thermal
142
Electricity
72
Gas
Biomass
398
Oil
Heat
1990
Coal
Final Energy Consumption by Type
677
46
631
346
346
1,793
465
1,328
616
145
72
398
1992
684
47
637
348
348
1,800
465
1,335
623
146
74
402
1993
547
540
108
11
97
1,288
804
484
654
95
559
1994
609
53
556
187
83
104
1,574
871
703
689
117
571
1995
639
75
564
211
117
94
1,759
943
816
724
132
592
1996
670
69
601
240
108
133
1,625
710
915
717
120
596
1997
745
91
654
327
141
185
2,174
869
1,305
763
162
600
1998
782
88
694
321
137
184
2,303
349
919
1,035
823
172
651
1999
833
76
757
341
119
222
2,373
186
931
1,256
880
194
686
2000
990
88
902
482
137
345
2,687
931
1,756
948
218
730
2001
1,071
88
983
533
137
396
2,885
931
1,954
1,008
234
774
2002
1,214
85
1,130
633
132
501
3,178
929
2,249
1,095
256
839
2003
1,225
68
1,157
621
107
515
261
104
157
3,304
38
895
2,371
1,101
262
839
2004
1,299
155
1,144
594
120
474
205
75
129
3,302
132
891
2,278
1,115
266
849
2005
1,332
166
1,166
609
111
498
205
75
129
3,312
227
863
2,222
1,129
267
862
2006
1,444
209
1,236
681
108
573
206
78
128
3,357
289
863
2,205
1,141
270
870
2007
1,473
216
1,257
690
118
573
1,434
216
1,217
670
118
552
285
102
78
190
182
3,445
372
854
2,219
1,162
273
889
2009
112
3,372
372
855
2,144
1,144
272
872
2008
444
606
567
774
7.4
26
2000 $)
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
0.78
0.74
0.16
262
398
522.7
458.1
239
355
0.14
0.21
26
7.8
889
0.76
0.16
230
386
576.0
503.3
210
305
0.14
0.21
26
7.4
1,002
673
8,758
4,378
2,939
14.6
4,369
1992
0.76
0.15
197
379
589.7
514.0
179
258
0.14
0.20
21
6.5
1,110
776
10,352
4,975
3,474
14.5
4,480
1993
0.57
0.12
149
239
628.6
514.7
178
260
0.14
0.21
22
6.6
1,197
801
10,967
5,503
3,681
14.3
4,595
1994
0.66
0.13
171
290
537.0
431.8
194
259
0.15
0.20
21
6.9
983
755
10,604
4,636
3,559
14.1
4,716
1995
0.67
0.13
167
316
589.1
449.9
189
249
0.15
0.20
21
7.4
1,065
792
11,424
5,155
3,834
13.9
4,841
1996
0.65
0.13
182
281
327.5
266.9
195
279
0.14
0.21
19
8.1
993
741
10,978
4,937
3,685
13.7
4,970
1997
0.66
0.15
210
369
321.3
259.4
215
318
0.15
0.22
23
8.7
742
695
10,564
3,789
3,546
13.6
5,104
1998
0.74
0.15
217
382
458.4
362.0
228
292
0.16
0.20
23
7.9
663
689
10,760
3,477
3,611
13.4
5,241
1999
0.74
0.15
237
419
302.1
244.3
250
319
0.16
0.21
23
7.2
655
655
10,492
3,521
3,521
13.2
5,379
2000
0.76
0.18
281
459
184.4
152.6
270
369
0.17
0.24
22
7.2
558
637
10,479
3,081
3,517
13.1
5,519
2001
0.77
0.19
305
481
118.1
99.1
287
397
0.18
0.25
22
6.8
530
620
10,462
3,000
3,511
13.0
5,660
2002
0.78
0.21
339
513
81.1
70.0
305
433
0.19
0.27
21
7.0
609
618
10,689
3,536
3,587
12.8
5,803
2003
0.76
0.21
332
513
52.5
45.5
299
438
0.19
0.27
21
6.9
660
620
10,980
3,927
3,685
12.7
5,948
2004
0.72
0.21
340
507
80.2
60.9
292
471
0.18
0.30
21
7.4
804
626
11,374
4,902
3,818
12.6
6,095
2005
0.70
0.21
340
496
107.8
77.9
288
487
0.18
0.31
20
7.5
897
627
11,668
5,599
3,916
12.6
6,245
2006
0.67
0.23
344
492
32.5
22.7
272
512
0.18
0.34
20
7.4
990
656
12,508
6,329
4,198
12.6
6,396
2007
0.65
0.22
320
483
44.0
29.3
255
489
0.17
0.33
20
7.2
1,223
684
13,347
8,010
4,480
12.5
6,549
2008
0.65
0.22
312
474
31.1
21.1
246
480
0.17
0.34
19
7.1
1,181
705
14,081
7,915
4,726
12.5
6,703
2009
0.16
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
497.6
CO2/capita (t C)
432.6
287
260
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
367
2000 $ million)
397
0.15
person)
0.21
7,692
7,022
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
3,787
3,220
2,582
14.8
4,262
2,357
15.0
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
4,158
Urban Population, %
1990
Papua New Guinea

445
5.9 Samoa
47,088
0.0
182
0.0
0.0
0.3
95.0

Hydro: 5
Biomass: 17
Indigenous
Production: 21
Imports: 54
Oil: 54
24
Transformation: 29
10
38
17
Biomass: 17
Electricity: 9
Oil: 29
Loss and Own Use: 1
446
Others: 7
Residential: 27
Transport: 20
Industry: 1
Samoa
Table 5.9.1
447

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
161
168
177
180
182
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.7
1,192
1,204
1,391
1,742
1,806
2,621
2,648
3,059
3,831
3,972

Source: World Bank.
Table 5.9.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

18
19
21
21
21
Net Imports
42
44
46
53
54
Total PES
61
63
67
74
75
Coal
42
44
46
53
54
Oil
Biomass
Gas
17
17
17
17
17
Others
TPES/capita (toe)
0.38
0.37
0.38
0.41
0.41
143
141
124
106
104
16
17
17
20
20

Industry
Transportation
Other Sectors
27
28
33
34
35
Total FEC
44
46
49
54
55
Coal
Oil
23
24
25
29
29
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
17
17
17
17
17
Others
448
Figure 5.9.1

1990
2008
Industry
1.0%
Industry
3.0%
Others
13.6%
Others
9.5%
Transport
36.2%
Transport
36.1%
Residential
51.5%
Residential
49.1%
44 ktoe
55 ktoe

Figure 5.9.2

1990
2008
Biomass
30.4%
Biomass
37.9%
Oil
52.6%
Oil
53.1%
Electricity
16.5%
Electricity
9.5%
44 ktoe
55 ktoe
Samoa

250,000
200,000
Biomass, 17
Biomass 17
Hydro 5
150,000
ktoe
Hydro 2
100,000
Oil 54
Oil 42
50,000
1990
2008

Figure 5.9.4

1990
2008
Hydro
9.4%
Biomass
90.6%
18 ktoe
Hydro
21.7%
Biomass
78.3%
21 ktoe
449
450
Figure 5.9.5

1990
2008
Hydro
45.0%
Hydro
40.0%
Thermal
55.0%
Thermal
60.0%
50 GWh
120 GWh
Figure 5.9.6
1990
Residential
0.0%
2008
Industry
6.2%
Industry
0.0%
Residential
27.5%
Others
100.0%
48 GWh
Others
66.4%
105 GWh
Samoa
Figure 5.9.7

1990
2008
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
35 kt C
44 kt C

Figure 5.9.8
19902008
60
50
ktoe
40
30
20
Industry
Transport

Residential
Others
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
10
451
452
Figure 5.9.9
19902008

19902008
80
60
70
50
60
50
ktoe
ktoe
40
30
40
30
20
20
10
Oil
Electricity
Oil
Biomass


Figure 5.9.11
19902008
Figure 5.9.12
19902008
Hydro
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
10
Biomass
140
25
120
20
100
15
ktoe
GWh
80
60
10
40
5

Thermal
Biomass
Hydro
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Hydro
1991
1990
20
Samoa
Figure 5.9.13
19902008
453

45
25
40
20
35
30
kt C
ktoe
15
25
20
10
15
10
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Oil
Oil



Figure 5.9.16
19902008
160
350
200
180
140
80
60
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
CO2 Emissions
250
140
120
200
100
150
80
60
100
40
50
20
0
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

100
160
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
300
120
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
60
20
29
23
23
53
53
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
20
20
20
20
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
60
23
23
23
23
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Samoa Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.9.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
51
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
15
15
17
17
17
17
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
10
10
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
111
27
27
34
20
54
18
18
74
53
21
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
454
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
64
20
29
23
23
53
53
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
20
20
20
20
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
64
23
23
23
23
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.9.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
53
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
15
15
17
17
17
17
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
10
10
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
116
27
27
34
20
54
18
18
74
53
21
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Samoa
455
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
65
20
29
24
24
54
54
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
20
20
20
20
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
65
24
24
24
24
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.9.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
53
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
15
15
17
17
17
17
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
10
10
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
118
27
27
34
20
55
19
19
75
54
21
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
456
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
66
20
29
24
24
54
54
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
20
20
20
20
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
66
24
24
24
24
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.9.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
54
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
15
15
17
17
17
17
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
10
10
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
120
27
27
35
20
55
19
19
75
54
21
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Samoa
457
17
18
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
17
61
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
16
22
44
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
42
Coal
Coal
1990
44
22
16
45
23
16
62
61
17
43
19
17
1992
17
42
18
17
1991
44
24
16
62
17
43
19
17
1993
Samoa Summary Table, 19902009
Table 5.9.7
45
22
16
60
17
41
19
17
1994
46
22
17
63
17
44
19
17
1995
47
24
17
63
17
44
19
17
1996
47
24
17
63
17
44
19
17
1997
47
24
17
63
17
44
19
17
1998
48
27
17
66
17
46
19
17
1999
49
27
17
67
17
46
21
17
2000
52
27
18
69
17
48
21
17
2001
52
26
18
70
17
48
22
17
2002
52
26
19
72
17
50
21
17
2003
52
25
20
72
17
52
21
17
2004
54
27
20
74
17
53
21
17
2005
54
27
20
74
17
53
21
17
2006
55
27
20
75
17
54
21
17
2007
2009
55
27
20
75
17
54
21
17
2008
458
1990
44
Others
Total
20
50
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
35
35
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
19
Oil
35
35
19
19
19
Coal
Own Use
Total
50
20
30
44
17
23
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
30
Thermal
Electricity
17
Gas
Biomass
23
Oil
Heat
Coal
36
36
20
20
60
25
35
45
17
23
1992
36
36
20
20
60
25
35
44
17
23
1993
34
34
18
18
64
25
39
45
17
23
1994
36
36
20
20
65
25
40
46
17
24
1995
36
36
20
20
74
25
49
47
17
24
1996
36
36
20
20
82
30
52
47
17
24
1997
36
36
20
20
83
30
53
47
17
24
1998
38
38
21
21
85
30
55
48
17
25
1999
38
38
21
21
93
46
47
49
17
25
2000
40
40
22
22
110
49
61
52
17
26
2001
40
40
22
22
19
19
127
64
64
52
17
26
2002
41
41
23
23
16
16
115
55
60
52
17
27
2003
42
42
23
23
18
18
106
50
56
52
17
28
2004
43
43
23
23
12
12
111
51
60
54
17
29
2005
43
43
23
23
18
18
116
53
64
54
17
29
2006
44
44
24
24
16
16
118
53
65
55
17
29
2007
44
44
24
24
0
14
2009
14
120
54
66
55
17
29
2008
Samoa
459
695
18.9
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
0.57
689
0.57
0.21
185
295
100.0
69.8
232
322
0.27
0.37
19.2
0.57
0.22
190
354
100.0
69.8
238
331
0.27
0.38
18.9
720
1,144
412
118
187
21.3
164
1992
0.57
0.22
182
345
100.0
69.8
228
318
0.27
0.38
18.6
718
1,181
429
119
195
21.4
165
1993
0.56
0.20
178
354
100.0
68.8
235
315
0.27
0.36
19.9
1,182
1,141
418
197
190
21.4
167
1994
0.58
0.22
180
357
100.0
70.3
226
311
0.27
0.37
18.2
1,191
1,204
446
200
203
21.5
168
1995
0.58
0.21
167
406
100.0
70.3
214
290
0.27
0.37
17.8
1,310
1,279
478
223
217
21.6
170
1996
0.57
0.21
166
448
100.0
69.8
215
290
0.27
0.37
16.6
1,481
1,276
482
254
219
21.7
172
1997
0.57
0.21
162
449
100.0
69.8
211
283
0.27
0.37
14.1
1,384
1,293
493
240
224
21.7
174
1998
0.58
0.22
166
457
100.0
70.8
211
285
0.28
0.37
14.5
1,317
1,310
505
231
229
21.8
175
1999
0.57
0.22
155
510
100.0
69.3
201
272
0.28
0.38
14.8
1,391
1,391
540
246
246
21.9
177
2000
0.57
0.22
151
600
100.0
70.0
197
263
0.29
0.39
16.1
1,370
1,481
578
243
263
22.0
178
2001
0.56
0.22
145
611
100.0
68.7
189
257
0.29
0.39
15.9
1,438
1,539
604
257
275
22.1
178
2002
0.58
0.23
144
553
100.0
70.3
182
250
0.29
0.40
41
16.3
1,685
1,606
633
302
288
22.2
179
2003
0.58
0.24
140
487
100.0
71.2
173
240
0.29
0.40
43
14.8
2,084
1,678
663
375
302
22.3
180
2004
0.59
0.24
137
548
100.0
71.5
173
234
0.30
0.41
48
14.8
2,287
1,742
691
412
314
22.4
180
2005
0.58
0.24
135
541
100.0
71.2
170
231
0.30
0.41
51
12.4
2,506
1,772
704
453
320
22.6
181
2006
0.59
0.24
129
563
100.0
71.6
161
220
0.30
0.41
55
13.5
2,925
1,881
750
530
341
22.8
181
2007
0.59
0.24
134
580
100.0
71.5
168
228
0.30
0.41
59
11.4
3,126
1,806
722
568
328
23.0
182
2008
60
9.3
2,880
1,769
710
525
323
23.2
182
2009
0.22
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
CO2/capita (t C)
69.8
100.0
180
227
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
315
2000 $ million)
298
0.27
person)
0.38
1,156
1,192
2000 $)

persons)
413
423
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
112
112
188
192
21.3
163
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
161
21.2
Urban Population, %
1990
460
5.10 Solomon Islands

47,088
0.0
524
0.0
0.0
0.6
12.0

Sources: ADB (2012), CIA (2012), GenderCC of the UNFCCC (2010), and World Bank.
Biomass: 76
(Discrepancy: 1)
Oil: 68
Imports: 68
34
75
Oil: 29
Loss and Own Use: 1
Biomass: 75
Transformation
Losses: 22
Electricity: 5
(Discrepancy: 7)
Residential: 77
Transport: 29
Industry: 3
Others: 1
461
462
Table 5.10.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
310
356
409
470
510
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.2
1,101
1,404
1,065
976
1,141
2,340
2,983
2,262
2,073
2,425

Source: World Bank.
Table 5.10.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

75
77
79
79
76
Net Imports
54
54
55
59
64
130
131
134
138
141
54
54
55
59
64
Total PES
Coal
Oil
Biomass
Gas
75
77
79
79
76
Others
TPES/capita (toe)
0.42
0.37
0.33
0.29
0.28
179
123
145
142
114
39
38
30
30
29

Industry
Transportation
Other Sectors
44
40
78
80
78
Total FEC
82
78
108
112
109
Coal
Oil
42
38
30
30
29
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
39
40
78
78
75
Others
Solomon Islands
Figure 5.10.1

1990
Others
0.7%
Commercial
0.7%
2008
Industry
0.0%
Residential
51.6%
Others
0.9%
Commercial
0.0%
Industry
2.6%
Transport
26.5%
Transport
46.9%
Residential
70.1%
82 ktoe
109 ktoe

Figure 5.10.2

1990
2008
Oil
26.5%
Oil
50.7%
Biomass
47.1%
Biomass
69.0%
Electricity
2.2%
82 ktoe
109 ktoe
Electricity
4.5%
463

160
140
120
Biomass 76
100
Biomass 75
ktoe
464
80
60
40
Oil 64
Oil 54
20
0
1990
2008

Figure 5.10.4

1990
Biomass
100.0%
75 ktoe
2008
Biomass
100.0%
76 ktoe
Solomon Islands
Figure 5.10.5

1990
2008
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
100.0%
30 GWh
86 GWh
Figure 5.10.6

1990
2008
Industry
0.0%
Commercial
0.0%
Others
33.3%
Residential
33.3%
Commercial
33.3%
21 GWh
Others
19.6%
Industry
57.3%
Residential
23.1%
57 GWh
465
Figure 5.10.7

1990
2008
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
43 kt C
49 kt C

Figure 5.10.8
19902008
120
100
80
ktoe
60
40
20
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
466
Solomon Islands
Figure 5.10.9
19902008
467

19902008
160
120
140
100
120
100
ktoe
ktoe
80
60
80
60
40
40
20

Figure 5.10.11
19902008

19902008
80
90
70
80
70
60
60
GWh
50
ktoe
2008
Biomass

Note: Although there was production of electric energy in Solomon Islands from 1992 to
2000, final consumption of electricity is reported as zero for the period.
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
Oil
2008
Biomass
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2001
2002
2000
1999
Electricity
2007
Oil
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
40
50
40
30
30
20
20
10
Biomass

Thermal
2006
2005
2003
2004
2002
2000
2001
1999
1997
1998
1995
1996
1994
1993
1991
1992
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
10
468
Figure 5.10.13
19902008

35
60
30
50
25
40
kt C
ktoe
20
30
15
20
10
Oil


Figure 5.10.16
19902008
140
350
120
300
CO2 Emissions
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
40
100
20
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
50
1995
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2002
60
150
TPES
2001
80
200
1994
20
250
1993
40
100
1992
60
120
1991
80
140
1990
100
400
160
TFEC
2000
Oil

GDP
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
10
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
74
30
30
25
25
59
63
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
13
13
13
14
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
74
17
17
25
25
43
43
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
Coal
1.
Solomon Islands Energy Balance Table, 2005
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.10.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
78
78
78
78
79
79
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
74
79
79
80
30
112
19
19
138
63
79
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Solomon Islands
469
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
75
30
30
26
26
60
64
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
14
14
14
15
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
75
17
17
26
26
43
43
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.10.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
78
78
78
78
79
79
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
75
79
79
80
30
113
19
19
139
64
79
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
470
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
85
29
29
29
29
66
71
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
15
15
17
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
85
14
14
29
29
44
44
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
Coal
1.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.10.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
76
76
76
76
76
76
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
85
77
77
78
29
110
22
22
142
71
76
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Solomon Islands
471
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
86
29
29
30
30
64
68
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
15
15
17
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
86
14
14
30
30
43
43
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 5.10.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
75
75
75
75
76
76
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
86
77
77
78
29
109
22
22
141
68
76
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
472
75
75
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
75
130
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
39
43
82
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
54
Coal
Coal
1990
82
43
39
80
42
38
129
130
75
53
75
75
1992
75
54
75
75
1991
79
42
37
128
75
52
75
75
1993
78
42
36
127
75
51
75
75
1994
78
40
38
131
77
54
77
77
1995
Solomon Islands Summary Table, 19902009
Table 5.10.7
78
42
35
130
77
53
77
77
1996
105
71
34
130
77
53
77
77
1997
104
71
33
131
77
54
77
77
1998
110
78
32
134
79
55
79
79
1999
108
78
30
134
79
55
79
79
2000
114
79
31
136
79
57
79
79
2001
114
79
31
136
79
57
79
79
2002
116
79
34
138
79
59
79
79
2003
116
79
34
138
79
59
79
79
2004
112
79
30
138
79
59
79
79
2005
113
79
30
139
79
60
79
79
2006
110
77
29
142
76
66
76
76
2007
2009
109
77
29
141
76
64
76
76
2008
Solomon Islands
473
1990
82
Others
Total
30
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
43
43
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
10
Oil
43
43
10
10
10
Coal
Own Use
Total
30
30
82
39
42
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
30
Thermal
Electricity
39
Gas
Biomass
42
Oil
Heat
Coal
43
43
10
10
30
30
80
39
41
1992
42
42
10
10
30
30
79
39
40
1993
41
41
10
10
30
30
78
39
39
1994
42
42
12
12
35
35
78
40
38
1995
43
43
14
14
40
40
78
40
37
1996
41
41
15
15
45
45
105
71
34
1997
42
42
17
17
50
50
104
71
33
1998
43
43
19
19
55
55
110
78
32
1999
43
43
21
21
62
62
108
78
30
2000
44
44
22
22
63
63
114
78
31
2001
44
44
22
22
64
64
114
78
31
2002
46
46
22
22
63
63
116
78
34
2003
46
46
22
22
63
63
116
78
34
2004
46
46
25
25
74
74
112
78
30
2005
47
47
26
26
75
75
113
78
30
2006
49
49
29
29
10
10
85
85
110
76
29
2007
49
49
30
30
10
2009
10
86
86
109
75
29
2008
474
977
6.4
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
0.34
0.34
0.14
120
66
100.0
41.8
228
359
0.26
0.41
11.1
1,006
0.33
0.13
105
100.0
41.3
195
316
0.24
0.39
9.1
1,156
1,243
865
379
407
14.1
328
1992
0.33
0.12
99
100.0
40.9
186
301
0.23
0.38
7.4
1,220
1,256
900
411
423
14.3
337
1993
0.32
0.12
88
100.0
40.4
168
274
0.22
0.37
7.6
1,341
1,334
982
465
462
14.5
347
1994
0.32
0.12
84
100.0
41.3
157
262
0.22
0.37
7.5
1,457
1,404
1,063
519
500
14.7
356
1995
0.33
0.12
84
100.0
40.9
153
256
0.21
0.36
7.6
1,543
1,388
1,080
565
508
14.9
366
1996
0.31
0.11
82
100.0
40.8
209
260
0.28
0.35
7.8
1,508
1,331
1,064
568
501
15.1
377
1997
0.32
0.11
82
100.0
41.3
204
257
0.27
0.34
7.9
1,218
1,318
1,083
471
510
15.3
387
1998
0.32
0.11
84
100.0
41.3
217
264
0.28
0.34
8.0
1,213
1,276
1,078
482
508
15.5
398
1999
0.32
0.10
98
100.0
41.3
247
307
0.26
0.33
7.7
1,065
1,065
924
435
435
15.7
409
2000
0.33
0.11
111
124
100.0
42.2
284
339
0.27
0.32
6.9
953
953
851
400
400
16.0
420
2001
0.33
0.10
114
127
100.0
42.2
292
349
0.26
0.31
6.7
791
901
827
342
389
16.2
432
2002
0.33
0.10
111
124
100.0
43.0
280
333
0.26
0.31
5.6
749
933
881
333
414
16.5
444
2003
0.33
0.10
106
125
100.0
43.0
268
317
0.25
0.30
5.4
821
952
924
375
435
16.7
457
2004
0.33
0.10
100
115
100.0
43.0
245
301
0.24
0.29
5.1
881
976
974
414
458
17.0
470
2005
0.34
0.10
96
116
100.0
43.5
231
284
0.23
0.29
5.0
946
1,015
1,041
457
490
17.3
483
2006
0.34
0.10
89
121
100.0
46.2
202
262
0.22
0.29
4.6
1,181
1,093
1,153
586
543
17.6
496
2007
0.35
0.10
84
112
100.0
45.7
188
242
0.21
0.28
4.4
1,266
1,141
1,237
646
582
18.0
510
2008
4.4
1,147
1,098
1,222
601
575
18.3
524
2009
Note:
2. Although there was production of electric energy in Solomon Islands from 1992 to 2000, final consumption of electricity is reported as zero for the period. This explains the zero values of Electricity/capita for 1992 to 2000.
0.14
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
CO2/capita (t C)
41.8
100.0
128
242
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
380
2000 $ million)
68
0.27
person)
0.42
1,135
1,101
2000 $)

persons)
768
724
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
320
303
361
341
13.9
318
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
310
13.7
Urban Population, %
1990
Solomon Islands
475
5.11 Timor-Leste

14,870
1,100
0.2
0.6
0.4
22.0

a
b
as of January 2006
as of January 2011
Sources: ADB (2012), CIA (2012), IEA (2011c), and World Bank.
Oil: 7,369
Imports: 63
Oil: 63
Exports: 7,360
SECONDARY
COMMODITIES: 63
37 26
Oil: 26
Electricity: 11

Transport: 26
476
Others: 11
Timor-Leste
Table 5.11.1
477

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
1,010
1,080
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.8
311
334
700
753
Source: World Bank.
Table 5.11.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

7,318
7,369
Net Imports
7,255
7,297
Total PES
62
72
Coal
Oil
62
72
Gas
Biomass
Others
TPES/capita (toe)
0.06
0.07
88
88
Industry
Transportation
24
26
Other Sectors
10
11
Total FEC
33
37
Coal
Oil
24
26
Gas
Electricity
10
11
Biomass
Others
478
Figure 5.11.1

2002
2008
Others
30.7%
Others
22.1%
Transport
77.9%
Transport
69.3%
27 ktoe
37 ktoe

Figure 5.11.2

2002
Electricity
22.1%
2008
Electricity
30.7%
Oil
69.3%
Oil
77.9%
27 ktoe
37 ktoe
Timor-Leste

250,000
200,000
ktoe
150,000
100,000
Oil 72
Oil 62
50,000
2002
2008

Figure 5.11.4

2002
Oil
100.0%
7,242 ktoe

2008
Oil
100.0%
7,369 ktoe
479
480
Figure 5.11.5

2002
2008
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
100.0%
70 GWh
133 GWh
Figure 5.11.6

2002
Others
100.0%
70 GWh
2008
Others
100.0%
133 GWh
Timor-Leste
Figure 5.11.7

2002
2008
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
52 kt C
60 kt C

Figure 5.11.8
20022008
40
35
30
ktoe
25
20
15
10
Transport

Others
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
481

20022008
80
35
70
30
60
25
50
Oil
Oil
Electricity


Figure 5.11.11
20022008

20022008
140
8,000
120
7,000
6,000
100
5,000
80
GWh
ktoe
2008
2007
2002
2008
10
2007
2006
20
2005
10
2004
30
2003
15
2006
40
2005
20
2004
ktoe
40
2002
ktoe
Figure 5.11.9
20022008
2003
482
4,000
60
3,000
40
2,000
2008
2007
2006
2005
Thermal
Oil

2004
2003
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2002
20
1,000
Timor-Leste
Figure 5.11.13
20022008
483

70
50
45
60
40
50
35
40
kt C
ktoe
30
25
30
20
15
20
10
10
2008
2007
Oil
Oil



Figure 5.11.16
20022008
120

200
250
100
90
80
70
60
200
160
140
150
120
100
100
80
60
50
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
20
0
180
110
50
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
12
7,314
7,318
100
24
24
35
35
58
58
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
13
13
13
13
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
100
11
11
35
35
46
46
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
Table 5.11.3 Timor-Leste Energy Balance Table, 2005
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
10
10
10
10
10
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
112
10
10
24
33
29
29
62
7,314
58
7,318
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
484
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
12
7,325
7,330
74
24
24
36
36
59
59
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
13
13
13
13
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
74
11
11
36
36
47
47
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
86
24
31
34
34
65
7,325
59
7,330
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Timor-Leste
485
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
7,342
7,343
106
25
25
37
37
61
61
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
14
14
14
14
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
106
11
11
37
37
48
48
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
110
25
34
28
28
63
7,342
61
7,343
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
486
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
24
7,360
7,369
109
26
26
38
38
63
63
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
15
15
15
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
109
11
11
38
38
49
49
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
11
11
11
11
11
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
133
11
11
26
37
34
34
72
7,360
63
7,369
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Timor-Leste
487
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
1990
Coal
1991
1993
1992
1994
Table 5.11.7 Timor-Leste Summary Table, 19902009
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
27
21
62
62
7,242
7,242
2002
28
21
58
58
7,242
7,242
2003
32
24
59
59
7,291
7,291
2004
33
10
24
62
62
7,318
7,318
2005
31
24
65
65
7,330
7,330
2006
34
25
63
63
7,343
7,343
2007
2009
37
11
26
72
72
7,369
7,369
2008
488
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
52
52
41
41
70
70
27
21
2002
48
48
36
36
83
83
28
21
2003
50
50
36
36
97
97
32
24
2004
52
52
39
39
112
112
33
10
24
2005
54
54
41
41
86
86
31
24
2006
52
52
38
38
110
110
34
25
2007
60
60
46
46
2009
133
133
37
11
26
2008
Timor-Leste
489
2000 $)
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
96
219
0.03
0.07
3.9
320
319
639
284
284
25.0
888
2002
100
203
0.03
0.06
3.9
320
305
639
298
284
25.4
931
2003
109
201
0.03
0.06
3.8
318
304
666
309
296
25.7
974
2004
106
198
0.03
0.06
3.6
329
311
707
332
314
26.1
1,010
2005
105
220
0.03
0.06
2.7
315
285
667
327
296
26.5
1,039
2006
107
196
0.03
0.06
2.7
375
301
719
398
319
26.9
1,061
2007
0.83
0.06
183
79
0.83
0.05
169
89
0.83
0.05
168
100
0.83
0.05
165
111
0.83
0.05
184
83
0.83
0.05
164
104
11,570.2 12,476.6 12,170.8 11,647.3 11,137.7 11,620.0
11,570.2 12,476.6 12,170.8 11,647.3 11,137.7 11,620.0
2001
0.83
0.06
165
123
10,189.0
10,189.0
103
198
0.03
0.07
3.0
461
334
813
498
361
27.3
1,080
2008
2.9
544
352
871
598
387
27.7
1,100
2009
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
Urban Population, %
1990
490
5.12 Tonga

47,088
0.0
104
0.0
0.0
0.2
95.0

Biomass: 0.3
Biomass: 1
Imports: 0.3
Oil: 59
Imports: 59
46
Biomass: 1
Oil: 43
Electricity: 3
Transformation
Losses: 11
Others: 3
Residential: 5
Transport: 39
491
492
Table 5.12.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
95
96
98
101
103
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
1,494
1,785
1,926
2,062
2,059
2,998
3,583
3,866
4,139
4,133
Source: World Bank.
Table 5.12.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

Net Imports
26
37
41
57
58
Total PES
26
37
41
58
59
Coal
26
37
40
57
58
Oil
Gas
Biomass
Others
0.27
0.39
0.42
0.57
0.57
90
108
108
138
139
18
24
21
36
39
TPES/capita (toe)
Industry
Transportation
Total FEC
Other Sectors
19
29
29
45
47
Coal
Oil
18
27
26
40
43
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
Others
Tonga
Figure 5.12.1
1990
2008
Residential
0.0%
Commercial
0.0%
Commercial
8.9%
Residential
10.8%
Others
0.0%
Industry
0.0%
Transport
91.1%
Industry
0.0%
Others
7.3%
Transport
81.9%
19 ktoe
47 ktoe

Figure 5.12.2

1990
2008
Gas
0.0%
Gas
0.0%
Electricity
7.3%
Electricity
8.9%
Heat
0.0%
Heat
0.0%
Biomass
2.1%
Coal
0.0%
Biomass
0.0%
Oil
91.1%
19 ktoe
Coal
0.0%
Oil
90.6%
47 ktoe
493
200,000
Biomass 1
150,000
ktoe
494
100,000
Biomass 0
Oil 58
50,000
Oil 26
2008
1990

Figure 5.12.4

1990
2008
Biomass
100.0%
0 ktoe
1 ktoe
Tonga
Figure 5.12.5

1990
2008
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
100.0%
24 GWh
44 GWh
Figure 5.12.6

1990
2008
Commercial
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Commercial
100.0%
Others
100.0%
20 GWh
40 GWh
495
Figure 5.12.7

1990
2008
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
21 kt C
49 kt C

Figure 5.12.8
19902008
50
40
30
ktoe
20
Transport
Residential

Commercial
Others
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
10
1990
496
Tonga
Figure 5.12.9
19902008
497

19902008
50
60
50
40
40
ktoe
ktoe
30
30
20
20
10
Oil
Electricity
Oil
Biomass
2008
Biomass


Figure 5.12.11
19902008

19902008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
10
60
1
50
ktoe
GWh
40
30
20
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Thermal
Biomass

1993
1992
1991
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
10
498
Figure 5.12.13
19902008

18
50
16
14
40
12
30
kt C
ktoe
10
8
20
6
4
10
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Oil
Oil



Figure 5.12.16
19902008
180
350
160
250
100
80
60
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
CO2 Emissions
250
150
200
150
100
100
50
50
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

120
200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
300
140
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
48
36
40
17
17
57
58
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
15
15
15
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
12
21
21
25
25
36
12
12
12
12
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
Table 5.12.3 Tonga Energy Balance Table, 2005
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
48
36
45
12
12
58
58
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Tonga
499
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
45
37
41
15
15
57
58
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
15
15
15
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
22
22
25
25
36
12
12
12
12
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
45
37
46
12
12
58
58
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
500
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
43
39
43
15
15
58
59
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
15
15
15
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
24
24
26
26
37
13
13
13
13
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
43
39
48
11
11
59
60
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Tonga
501
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
44
39
43
15
15
58
59
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
15
15
15
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
24
24
26
26
37
13
13
13
13
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
44
39
47
11
11
59
60
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
502
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
26
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
18
19
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
26
Coal
1990
Coal
21
17
20
15
30
31
30
1992
31
1991
25
21
34
34
1993
Table 5.12.7 Tonga Summary Table, 19902009
26
22
36
36
1994
29
24
37
37
1995
28
22
37
37
1996
29
21
38
38
1997
28
19
37
37
1998
34
25
44
43
1999
29
21
41
40
2000
36
31
47
46
2001
37
33
49
48
2002
47
39
59
58
2003
46
36
58
57
2004
45
36
58
57
2005
46
37
58
57
2006
48
39
59
58
2007
2009
47
39
59
58
2008
Tonga
503
1990
18
19
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
24
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
21
21
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
23
23
Coal
Own Use
Total
25
25
21
19
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
24
Thermal
Coal
23
23
27
27
20
18
1992
26
26
27
27
25
23
1993
28
28
10
10
29
29
26
24
1994
30
30
10
10
30
30
29
27
1995
30
30
12
12
34
34
28
25
1996
31
31
12
12
34
34
29
26
1997
30
30
12
12
34
34
28
25
1998
35
35
12
12
35
35
34
31
1999
31
31
12
12
35
35
29
26
2000
38
38
13
13
39
39
36
33
2001
40
40
14
14
40
40
37
34
2002
48
48
15
15
45
45
47
42
2003
48
48
16
16
47
47
46
41
2004
47
47
17
17
48
48
45
40
2005
47
47
15
15
45
45
46
41
2006
49
49
15
15
43
43
48
43
2007
49
49
15
15
0
4
2009
44
44
47
43
2008
504
1,194
13.8
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
0.82
0.74
0.24
151
220
100.0
100.0
139
204
0.22
0.32
12.2
1,387
0.77
0.24
151
241
100.0
100.0
135
197
0.21
0.31
12 .1
1,436
1,589
304
137
152
22.8
95
1992
0.77
0.27
167
241
100.0
100.0
156
217
0.26
0.36
12.3
1,450
1,646
316
138
157
22.8
96
1993
0.77
0.29
169
261
100.0
100.0
159
219
0.27
0.38
10.0
2,025
1,725
331
194
165
22.9
96
1994
0.82
0.32
178
271
100.0
100.0
170
217
0.30
0.39
9.2
2,112
1,785
344
203
171
22.9
96
1995
0.82
0.32
178
301
100.0
100.0
163
217
0.29
0.39
9.6
2,283
1,780
344
220
171
23.0
96
1996
0.81
0.32
183
300
100.0
99.6
170
225
0.30
0.40
9.8
2,197
1,771
343
212
171
23.0
97
1997
0.82
0.31
173
299
100.0
99.6
160
213
0.29
0.39
9.6
1,946
1,812
353
189
176
23.1
97
1998
0.81
0.36
194
308
100.0
99.6
187
241
0.35
0.45
9.6
1,998
1,873
366
195
182
23.1
97
1999
0.77
0.32
166
306
100.0
99.6
153
216
0.29
0.42
9.2
1,926
1,926
379
189
189
23.2
98
2000
0.83
0.39
197
345
100.0
99.6
185
239
0.37
0.47
8.8
1,681
1,984
392
166
195
23.4
98
2001
0.81
0.40
195
353
100.0
99.6
183
242
0.38
0.49
8.7
1,826
2,047
407
181
203
23.5
99
2002
0.82
0.49
233
401
100.0
98.9
225
283
0.47
0.59
193
8.9
2,082
2,087
417
207
208
23.7
100
2003
0.82
0.48
229
419
100.0
98.9
218
278
0.46
0.58
191
9.2
2,379
2,095
422
239
210
23.8
100
2004
0.82
0.47
228
426
100.0
98.9
215
277
0.44
0.57
190
8.7
2,573
2,062
418
260
208
24.0
101
2005
0.82
0.47
228
394
100.0
98.9
219
277
0.45
0.57
190
8.5
2,903
2,051
418
295
208
24.3
102
2006
0.82
0.48
236
391
100.0
98.9
231
286
0.47
0.58
189
8.4
2,983
2,018
414
305
206
24.5
102
2007
0.82
0.47
230
389
100.0
98.9
224
279
0.46
0.57
188
8.3
3,382
2,059
425
348
212
24.8
103
2008
192
8.8
3,011
2,044
425
312
212
25.0
104
2009
0.22
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
100.0
CO2/capita (t C)
100.0
149
135
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
181
2000 $ million)
210
0.20
person)
0.27
1,587
1,494
2000 $)

persons)
304
285
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
132
114
151
142
22.7
95
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
95
22.7
Urban Population, %
1990
Tonga
505
5.13 Vanuatu

12,190
0.0
234
0.0
0.0
0.4
27.0

Sources: ADB (2012). CIA (2012), Ostojic et al. (2011), and World Bank.
Biomass: 20
Oil: 33
Imports: 33
(Discrepancy: 2)
20
Biomass: 20
Electricity: 5
Oil: 5
506
Residential: 25
Transport: 4
Vanuatu
Table 5.13.1
507

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
147
168
185
211
228
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.9
1,327
1,358
1,470
1,356
1,524
3,427
3,507
3,794
3,500
3,935

Source: World Bank.
Table 5.13.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

20
20
20
Net Imports
23
22
27
19
33
Total PES
29
28
48
39
53
Coal
Oil
23
22
28
19
33
Gas
Biomass
20
20
20
Others
0.20
0.17
0.26
0.19
0.23
58
47
68
53
59
Industry
Transportation
TPES/capita (toe)
Other Sectors
10
25
25
25
Total FEC
15
14
30
27
29
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
20
20
20
Others
508
Figure 5.13.1

1990
2008
Transport
14.0%
Transport
35.0%
Residential
65.0%
Residential
86.0%
15 ktoe
29 ktoe

Figure 5.13.2

1990
2008
Oil
15.7%
Biomass
36.6%
Oil
48.9%
Electricity
16.3%
Biomass
68.0%
Electricity
14.5%
15 ktoe
29 ktoe
Vanuatu

60
50
Biomass 20
ktoe
40
30
Biomass 5
20
Oil 33
Oil 23
10
2008
1990
Figure 5.13.4

1990
2008
Biomass
100.0%
Biomass
100.0%
5 ktoe
20 ktoe
509
510
Figure 5.13.5

1990
2008
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
100.0%
25 GWh
55 GWh
Figure 5.13.6

1990
Residential
100.0%
25 GWh
2008
Residential
100.0%
55 GWh
Vanuatu
Figure 5.13.7

1990
2008
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
19 kt C
26 kt C

Figure 5.13.8
19902008
35
30
25
ktoe
20
15
10
Transport
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Residential

Note: Final energy consumption of biomass abruptly increased from 1998 to 1989. There
may have been a change in the method for the re-estimation of biomass consumption
from 1999 onwards.
511
512
Figure 5.13.9
19902008

19902008
60
35
30
50
25
40
ktoe
ktoe
20
30
15
20
10
Oil
Electricity
Oil
Biomass
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
10
Biomass

Note: Final energy consumption of biomass abruptly increased from 1998 to 1989. There
may have been a change in the method for the re-estimation of biomass consumption
from 1999 onwards.

Note: Primary energy supply of biomass abruptly increased from 1998 to 1989. There may
have been a change in the method for the re-estimation of biomass consumption from
1999 onwards.
Figure 5.13.11
19902008

19902008
60
25
50
20
40
ktoe
GWh
15
30
10
20
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
Thermal
Biomass

Note: Indigenous production of biomass abruptly increased from 1998 to 1989. There may
have been a change in the method for the re-estimation of biomass consumption from
1999 onwards.
1993
1992
1991
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
10
Vanuatu

25
25
20
20



Figure 5.13.16
19902008
120
80
60
40
TPES
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
CO2 Emissions
Notes:
2. Indigenous production, primary energy supply, and final energy consumption of biomass
abruptly increased from 1998 to 1989. There may have been a change in the method for the
re-estimation of biomass consumption from 1999 onwards. This explains the jump in the
indices for TFEC and TPES from 1998 to 1999.
80
150
60
100
40
50
20
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
100
100
200
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

120
TFEC
2008
250
140
GDP
2007
Oil
Oil
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
10
1991
10
1993
15
1992
15
1991
kt C
30
1990
30
1990
ktoe
Figure 5.13.13
19902008
513
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
45
15
15
19
19
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
45
15
15
15
15
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
Table 5.13.3 Vanuatu Energy Balance Table, 2005
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
20
20
20
20
20
20
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
45
25
25
25
27
11
11
39
19
20
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
514
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
46
13
13
17
17
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
46
13
13
13
13
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
20
20
20
20
20
20
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
46
25
25
25
27
37
17
20
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Vanuatu
515
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
49
22
22
28
28
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
49
22
22
22
22
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
20
20
20
20
20
20
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
49
24
24
24
28
18
18
48
28
20
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
516
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
55
27
27
33
33
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
55
27
27
27
27
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
20
20
20
20
20
20
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
55
25
25
25
29
22
22
53
33
20
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Vanuatu
517
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
29
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
10
15
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
23
Coal
1990
Coal
14
13
27
28
21
1992
23
1991
13
27
21
1993
13
27
21
1994
Table 5.13.7 Vanuatu Summary Table, 19902009
14
28
22
1995
15
10
34
29
1996
15
10
35
30
1997
15
10
33
28
1998
30
24
48
20
28
20
20
1999
30
25
48
20
28
20
20
2000
31
24
50
20
30
20
20
2001
31
24
50
20
30
20
20
2002
31
24
51
20
31
20
20
2003
31
24
51
20
31
20
20
2004
27
25
39
20
19
20
20
2005
27
25
37
20
17
20
20
2006
28
24
48
20
28
20
20
2007
2009
29
25
53
20
33
20
20
2008
518
1990
15
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
25
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
19
19
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
15
Oil
18
18
15
15
15
Coal
Own Use
Total
27
27
14
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
25
Thermal
Coal
17
17
15
15
29
29
13
1992
17
17
15
15
30
30
13
1993
17
17
15
15
31
31
13
1994
18
18
16
16
34
34
14
1995
23
23
21
21
35
35
15
1996
24
24
22
22
35
35
15
1997
22
22
20
20
37
37
15
1998
22
22
20
20
38
38
30
20
1999
22
22
20
20
41
41
30
20
2000
24
24
21
21
42
42
31
20
2001
24
24
21
21
42
42
31
20
2002
25
25
22
22
41
41
31
20
2003
25
25
22
22
43
43
31
20
2004
16
16
15
15
45
45
27
20
2005
13
13
13
13
46
46
27
20
2006
22
22
22
22
49
49
28
20
2007
26
26
27
27
0
0
2009
55
55
29
20
2008
Vanuatu
519
1,080
5.4
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
81.2
100.0
0.65
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.64
0.12
89
179
100.0
80.5
70
139
0.09
0.19
6.1
1,253
0.63
0.11
83
187
100.0
79.7
64
131
0.08
0.17
5.5
1,263
1,326
532
196
206
19.3
155
1992
0.63
0.11
82
188
100.0
79.7
64
130
0.08
0.17
5.1
1,177
1,298
536
188
207
19.6
160
1993
0.63
0.10
75
189
100.0
79.7
59
119
0.08
0.16
4.8
1,335
1,378
584
219
226
19.9
164
1994
0.64
0.11
78
202
100.0
80.4
60
122
0.08
0.17
4.9
1,390
1,358
590
234
229
20.2
168
1995
0.68
0.13
98
204
100.0
83.9
63
146
0.09
0.20
4.9
1,427
1,362
604
245
234
20.5
172
1996
0.68
0.14
97
200
100.0
84.4
60
143
0.08
0.20
4.7
1,463
1,403
633
256
245
20.8
175
1997
0.67
0.12
87
208
100.0
83.4
58
129
0.08
0.19
4.4
1,474
1,438
661
262
256
21.1
178
1998
0.47
0.12
86
210
100.0
57.7
115
185
0.16
0.26
4.5
1,479
1,417
663
268
257
21.4
181
1999
0.47
0.12
82
224
100.0
57.7
110
175
0.16
0.26
4.5
1,470
1,470
702
272
272
21.7
185
2000
0.48
0.13
91
223
100.0
59.5
117
189
0.16
0.26
4.7
1,361
1,385
678
258
263
22.1
190
2001
0.48
0.12
95
217
100.0
59.5
122
198
0.16
0.26
4.4
1,345
1,290
648
262
251
22.4
195
2002
0.49
0.12
95
207
100.0
60.3
118
195
0.15
0.25
64
4.3
1,567
1,302
672
313
260
22.8
200
2003
0.49
0.12
91
208
100.0
60.3
113
186
0.15
0.25
63
4.2
1,770
1,323
702
364
272
23.1
206
2004
0.40
0.07
55
212
100.0
48.7
95
137
0.13
0.19
63
4.0
1,862
1,356
739
393
286
23.5
211
2005
0.36
0.06
44
212
100.0
45.2
89
120
0.13
0.17
63
3.8
2,009
1,418
793
435
307
23.9
217
2006
0.45
0.10
67
220
100.0
58.1
85
147
0.13
0.22
62
3.6
2,373
1,472
845
528
327
24.3
222
2007
0.49
0.11
75
242
100.0
62.1
83
153
0.13
0.23
61
3.8
2,602
1,524
897
593
348
24.8
228
2008
62
2.8
2,526
1,538
928
590
360
25.2
234
2009
0.13
CO2/capita (t C)
96
76
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
149
2000 $ million)
170
0.10
person)
0.20
1,331
1,327
2000 $)

persons)
518
502
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
189
158
201
195
19.0
151
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
147
18.7
Urban Population, %
1990
520
Chapter 6
South Asia
South Asia
3,682,740
1,353,505
998.4
60,894.0
50.1
5,864.0
70.7

Sources: ADB (2012), APERC estimates, World Bank, and WEC (2010).

Nuclear: 4,857
Others: 1,813
Gas: 10,429
Oil: 165,757
Coal: 46,540
Biomass: 187,529
Hydro: 9,930
Oil: 38,597
Gas: 53,802
Coal: 244,687
Oil: 140
Stock Changes: 140

Imports: 222,726

Stock Changes: 5 ,286
Transformation
Losses: 188,004
Imports: 24,102
Coal: 1,483
Exports: 1,146
Oil: 21,660
Electricity: 959
Oil: 2,879
Others: 2,879
270,229
Transfers: 2,305

207,280
283,018
Others: 268
Biomass: 186,370
Gas: 28,058
Coal: 74,800
Oil: 136,460
Exports: 53,213
Electricity: 64,342
Others: 81,926
Commercial: 15,897
Transport: 56,559
522
Industry: 143,377
South Asia
Table 6.1
523

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
991,967
1,090,259
1,189,505
1,283,250
1,353,505
313.4
401.0
530.2
733.7
998.4
1,184.1
1,515.5
2,005.2
2,780.6
3,791.2
Socioeconomic Data
316
368
446
572
738
1,194
1,390
1,686
2,167
2,801

Note: In the computation of GDP/capita (constant 2005 PPP $) for 1990, the population of Maldives was not included in the denominator due to unavailability
of GDP data.
Table 6.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
313,244
359,746
394,562
456,078
541,215
28,487
54,121
98,909
125,285
183,459
Total PES
341,731
413,868
493,472
581,363
724,674
Coal
103,733
136,375
162,092
208,312
286,242
64,877
87,862
120,429
135,762
169,175

Net Imports
Oil
Gas
14,292
22,816
30,436
42,549
64,231
150,507
157,752
168,871
179,972
187,518
8,322
9,062
11,644
14,767
17,508
TPES/capita (toe)
0.34
0.38
0.41
0.45
0.54
289
273
246
209
191
72,134
78,434
91,126
110,437
143,377
Biomass
Others

Industry
Transportation
28,610
38,092
35,099
38,883
56,559
Other Sectors
173,346
195,819
224,246
246,265
290,362
Total FEC
274,089
312,345
350,471
395,584
490,298
Coal
42,149
38,793
34,097
43,469
74,800
Oil
55,622
77,287
101,784
110,366
136,460
Gas
7,488
11,268
13,256
19,616
28,058
Electricity
18,905
27,731
33,235
43,208
64,342
Biomass
149,918
157,244
168,063
178,829
186,370
21
35
96
268
Others
524
Figure 6.1

1990
2009
Others
8.7%
Commercial
3.5%
Commercial
3.2%
Industry
26.3%
Residential
51.0%
Transport
10.4%
Others
16.7%
Industry
29.2%
Transport
11.5%
Residential
39.3%
274,089 ktoe
490,298 ktoe

Figure 6.2

1990
2009
Others
0.1%
Others
0.0%
Coal
15.3%
Coal
15.4%
Biomass
54.7%
Biomass
38.0%
Oil
20.3%
Oil
27.8%
Gas
2.7%
Electricity
6.9%
274,089 ktoe
Electricity
13.1%
Gas
5.7%
490,298 ktoe
South Asia

800,000
Others 2,721
700,000
Biomass 187,518
600,000
Nuclear 4,857
Hydro 9,930
ktoe
500,000
Gas 64,231
400,000
Oil 169,175
Others 5
300,000
Biomass 150,507
Nuclear 1,600
200,000
Gas 14,292
Oil 64,877
Hydro 6,717
Coal 286,242
100,000
Coal 103,733
1990
2009

Figure 6.4

1990
2009
Others
0.3%
Others
0.0%
Biomass
48.0%
Coal
33.4%
Oil
11.3%
Nuclear
0.5% Hydro
2.1%
Gas
4.6%
313,244 ktoe
Biomass
34.6%
Nuclear
0.9%
Hydro
1.8%
Gas
9.9%
Coal
45.2%
Oil
7.1%
541,215 ktoe
525
526
Figure 6.5

1990
2009
Others
2.1%
Nuclear
2.0%
Others
0.0%
Nuclear
2.0%
Hydro
12.2%
Hydro
25.8%
Thermal
72.2%
Thermal
83.8%
302,786 GWh
950,254 GWh
Figure 6.6

1990
Others
26.9%
Commercial
5.9%
2009
Others
21.2%
Industry
49.8%
Residential
15.5%
Transport
1.9%
Industry
46.8%
Commercial
8.7%
Residential
21.6%
Transport
1.7%
219,823 GWh
748,163 GWh
South Asia
Figure 6.7

1990
2009
Gas
2.8%
Gas
6.9%
Oil
26.6%
Oil
24.1%
Coal
70.6%
Coal
69.0%
175,215 kt C
462,829 kt C


19902009
500,000
400,000
ktoe
300,000
200,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
100,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
527
528

19902009

19902009
800,000
500,000
700,000
400,000
600,000
500,000
ktoe
ktoe
300,000
200,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
100,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro


Figure 6.11
19902009
Figure 6.12
19902009
Nuclear
Biomass
Others
1,000,000
600,000
900,000
500,000
800,000
700,000
400,000
GWh
ktoe
600,000
300,000
500,000
400,000
200,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro

Nuclear
Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
100,000
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Others
South Asia
Figure 6.13
19902009
529

250,000
500,000
450,000
200,000
400,000
350,000
150,000
kt C
ktoe
300,000
100,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
50,000
100,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
50,000
Gas
Coal

Oil
Gas

Figure 6.16
19902009

200

700
1,200
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
600
1,000
500
800
400
600
300
400
200
200
100
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
CO2 Emissions
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

180
3,085
International
Bunkers
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Power Generation 164,108
5,581
Exports
Gas Processing
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
Other
Transformation
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
14.1
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
1,099
NonSpecified
Others
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
14.2
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
4.1
1,352
224
224
224
7,820
8,044
930
6,333
465
5,868
3,106
51
3,157
1,083
155,531
155,531
2,149
156,597
65
117,439
39,093
36,198
27,575
6,945
22,611
100
22,711
29,656
40,426
20,181
117,838
1,977
12,771
154,957
10,075
144,882
2,365
14,662
221
3,841
35,126
24,085
10,894
10,896
157
11
13,778
13,778
3,028
65
4,089
996
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
196
10,638
19
10,657
10,853
28
10,881
271
9,384
9,384
1,775
34
157
1,898
Kerosene
4.2
214
4,200
4,200
27,632
11,609
43,441
709
34
57,077
6,995
50,082
7,316
43
47
11,758
4,532
0
10,394
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
51,683
774
50,909
8,552
93
3,653
0
0
75
11,972
81
12,053
12,128
431
12,567
315
29,484
27,575
1,410
1,282
30,267
514
0 12,604
7,159
7,159
2,365
2,728
127 15,386
2,857
LPG
4.5
2,473
2,473
482
6,830
9,785
3,401
115
15,876
2,306
13,570
269
74
141
3,609
3,407
Fuel Oil
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
0
4.4
4.3
517,197
2,496
14.1.2 Residential
6,680
32,503
39,184
43
229
16,887
31
181,026
220,396
4,726
756
27,647
Imports
2.
198,231
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
South Asia Energy Balance Table, 2006
1.
Table 6.3
10,922
10,922
Hydro
6.
88,901 126,997
10,779
159
1,706
123
1,829
1,988
1,094
7,855
21,716
4,943
14
19,178 10,922
19,164 10,922
45,822
7,989
37,833
Gas
5.
18,802
4,900
4,900
4,900
4,900
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
34
Solar
9.
8,692
748
748
747
747
Wind
10.
1,932
145,474
6,236
151,710
151,714
120
29,176
181,010
21
45
1,108
1,153
182,142
21
182,160
Biomass
11.
116
116
116
116
116
Others
12.
10,634
10,665
3,765
14,431
25,065
930
21,936
47,931
133
20,689
68,809
68,809
56
339
283
Electricity
13.
800,105
38,354
18,958
183,176
13,309
196,485
215,443
42,570
119,471
415,838
961
0
39,562
0
45
10,554
574
17
142,698
153,888
216
610,033
4,461
3,841
36,274
180,605
474,005
Total
15.
Heat
14.
Unit: ktoe
530
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
552,334
1,135
243
243
243
7,360
7,603
781
5,976
390
5,586
2,797
65
2,862
4.
4.1
4.2
319
164,592
164,592
2,116
166,389
40
127,565
38,864
41,793
29,535
7,593
23,223
101
23,324
30,917
43,998
20,604
125,054
1,344
13,638
165,437
10,891
154,546
2,327
16,837
271
4,075
42,396
29,364
12,083
12,085
404
15,473
15,473
3,792
113
4,859
954
160
10,397
15
10,412
10,572
23
10,595
818
8,574
8,574
2,839
54
143
2,928
Crude Oil Petroleum

3.
0
0
2,539
2,539
472
7,021
10,032
527
73
15,978
2,425
13,553
2,921
62
190
4,530
1,737
247
4,641
4,641
29,773
12,201
46,615
103
61,785
7,551
54,234
7,722
64
14,797
7,139
Fuel Oil
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
0
4.4
4.3
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
1,217
NonSpecified
Others
14.2
15.
2,579
14.1.2 Residential
16.
3,236
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
7,032
5,815
Other Sectors
36,084
Residential and
Commercial
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
43,116
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
71
242
15,406
32
181,731
197,169
240,455
1,221
747
31,966
Coal
210,458
Coal
Products
14.1
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Other
Transformation
8.5.
9.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
10.
Gas Processing
Refineries
8.2
Power Generation
8.1
8.3
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
7.
8.
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
6.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
2.
1.
1.
Table 6.4
252
12,827
86
12,913
13,165
895
14,068
338
7,636
7,636
2,327
3,767
112
3,871
LPG
4.5
33,959
29,535
1,662
463
31,660
844
13,565
55,991
915
55,076
9,007
34
3,821
17,955
12,735
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
103,413
12,035
150
1,514
133
1,647
1,797
1,666
6,629
22,127
5,261
15
21,501
21,486
48,872
9,638
39,234
Gas
5.
135,271
11,633
11,633
11,633
11,633
Hydro
6.
16,957
4,419
4,419
4,419
4,419
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
35
Solar
9.
Biomass
11.
23
23
20
47
1,119
1,166
134
29,474
6,307
11,798
1,952
0 147,203
0 153,510
0 153,514
0 183,122
1,015
1,015
1,014 184,269
1,014 184,272
Wind
10.
166
166
166
166
166
Others
12.
11,622
11,549
4,345
15,894
27,516
956
24,484
52,957
301
21,096
74,363
74,363
497
488
Electricity
13.
211
643,171
1,013
4,075
43,709
201,905
490,063
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
17
864,688
41,570
20,753
186,311
14,122
200,433
221,186
46,754
124,635
434,145
1,231
0
41,018
0
47
9,430
845
0 158,338
0 166,988
Heat
14.
South Asia
531
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
582,014
3,516
2,596
3,394
5,990
9,506
41,813
51,319
1,633
227
15,581
34
189,838
205,453
258,632
3,879
761
37,667
225,606
3.
4.
1,147
232
232
232
5,158
5,390
789
6,205
394
5,811
367
901
1,268
866
169,300
169,300
2,220
172,386
166
134,135
38,417
41,268
28,083
7,896
23,372
94
23,466
31,362
48,060
22,544
130,048
509
13,814
171,156
12,312
158,844
2,443
16,916
64
4,092
38,526
25,638
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
13,099
13,099
351
17,444
17,444
4,695
64
5,816
1,057
136
10,216
10,224
10,360
24
10,384
306
9,008
9,008
1,682
14
81
1,777
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
7,156
280
5,010
5,010
32,654
14,531
52,195
1,441
66,385
8,473
57,912
7,158
79
14,241
2,480
2,480
676
6,857
10,013
1,154
65
17,735
2,451
15,284
4,052
295
5,696
1,934
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Source: IEA (2011b) and UNSD (2011a).
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
1.
Table 6.5
270
13,155
86
13,241
13,511
627
14,146
653
7,966
7,966
2,443
3,084
123
3,207
LPG
4.5
4.6
34,148
28,083
1,623
505
30,211
1,494
13,748
52,618
1,388
51,230
5,777
3,718
12,569
10,507
Other
Petroleum
Products
113,033
10,783
144
1,702
155
1,857
2,001
2,527
6,280
21,591
5,103
15
22,987
22,972
49,664
9,302
40,362
Gas
5.
129,662
11,151
11,151
11,151
11,151
Hydro
6.
14,713
3,834
3,834
3,834
3,834
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
36
Solar
9.
13,743
1,182
1,182
1,182
1,182
Wind
10.
1,975
148,929
6,380
155,309
155,314
148
29,803
185,265
22
41
1,132
1,173
186,416
10
32
186,400
Biomass
11.
77,193
77,193
308
519
827
Electricity
13.
167
167
167
12,048
11,951
4,480
16,431
28,479
999
27,173
56,651
12
0 20,838
167
167
Others
12.
Heat
14.
897,591
38,866
23,775
188,781
14,503
203,285
227,060
51,734
132,771
450,431
2,995
40,771
41
9,376
1,856
19
165,640
173,220
223
667,194
3,991
4,092
40,714
208,870
507,121
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
532
NonSpecified
Others
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
616,092
18,295
2,622
3,560
6,182
24,477
43,845
68,322
2,627
213
15,447
36
198,161
213,644
284,806
5,276
1,145
46,540
244,687
3.
4.
1,130
244
244
244
6,234
6,478
777
6,207
388
5,819
1,436
47
1,483
6,527
195,662
195,662
2,305
204,494
140
165,757
38,597
33,903
26,748
8,534
24,383
103
24,486
33,020
52,608
24,084
136,460
25
13,469
195,638
12,950
182,688
2,535
35,319
344
4,208
53,115
21,660
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
14,733
14,733
382
24,439
24,439
9,324
129
10,446
993
119
10,157
10,163
10,282
21
10,303
488
9,591
9,591
1,200
48
1,248
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
5,642
5,642
35,555
15,990
57,187
1,676
76,970
9,264
67,706
12,195
94
19,091
6,990
2,480
2,480
630
6,892
10,002
1,810
62
17,970
2,598
15,372
3,498
262
297
4,967
1,504
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
14.2
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
14.1.2
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Commerce and
Public Services
Discrepancy
10.
14.1.1
Loss and Own Use
9.
Other Sectors
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Residential and
Commercial
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.
Refineries
8.3
14.1
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
1.
Table 6.6
293
14,226
97
14,323
14,616
676
15,301
2,040
7,430
7,430
2,535
3,296
148
3,444
LPG
4.5
4.6
26,099
26,748
1,681
505
28,934
1,011
13,407
59,238
1,088
58,150
14,798
47
3,817
18,415
7,481
Other
Petroleum
Products
145,046
14,283
153
1,751
175
1,926
2,079
2,719
8,977
28,058
4,748
16
31,440
31,424
64,231
10,429
53,802
Gas
5.
115,471
9,931
9,931
9,930
9,930
Hydro
6.
18,636
4,857
4,857
4,857
4,857
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
43
Solar
9.
Biomass
11.
10
22
25
1,145
1,170
164
30,133
6,451
17,936
1,997
0 149,622
0 156,073
0 156,073
0 186,370
1,542
1,542
1,542 187,518
1,542 187,529
Wind
10.
268
268
268
268
268
Others
12.
13,645
13,917
5,608
19,525
33,170
1,068
30,104
64,342
6,144
24,432
81,722
81,722
908
51
959
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
950,254
41,031
40,895
192,539
15,897
208,436
249,331
56,559
143,377
490,298
2,963
43,639
25
9,240
24
20
178,695
188,004
230
724,674
4,802
4,208
54,359
246,828
541,215
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
South Asia
533
9,666
23,873
274,089
Total
139,806
Residential
Others
28,610
Commercial
72,134
Industry
Transport
341,731
Others
Total
150,507
Biomass
Wind
1,600
Nuclear
6,717
Hydro
14,292
Gas
Solar
64,877
Oil
Geothermal
103,733
Coal
313,244
Others
Total
150,512
Biomass
Wind
1,600
Nuclear
6,717
Hydro
14,292
Gas
Solar
35,417
Oil
Geothermal
104,694
Coal
1990
281,802
25,941
10,346
141,953
30,064
73,498
289,048
27,395
10,331
144,281
31,504
75,536
368,745
16
354,579
154,718
1,753
6,533
17,578
70,543
117,605
328,651
15
154,725
1,753
6,533
17,578
30,249
117,789
1992
152,479
1,440
6,810
15,789
67,028
111,015
323,217
12
152,486
1,440
6,810
15,789
33,367
113,310
1991
291,508
27,872
9,999
146,078
32,321
75,238
377,768
20
155,468
1,407
6,659
18,334
73,151
122,719
332,953
17
155,475
1,407
6,659
18,334
30,485
120,567
1993
South Asia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 6.7
302,716
30,888
10,525
148,675
34,078
78,549
391,976
23
156,216
17
1,472
7,765
19,497
77,576
129,410
344,543
19
156,235
17
1,472
7,765
19,497
35,735
123,804
1994
312,345
34,135
10,705
150,980
38,092
78,434
413,868
39
157,752
45
2,080
6,898
22,816
87,862
136,375
359,746
21
157,746
45
2,080
6,898
22,816
39,276
130,864
1995
318,196
36,182
11,043
153,435
30,934
86,602
427,331
26
159,252
79
2,364
6,544
23,543
93,412
142,110
366,767
23
159,251
79
2,364
6,544
23,543
37,080
137,882
1996
330,683
39,743
11,752
157,017
31,564
90,607
444,084
161,206
89
2,628
7,028
26,109
99,032
147,986
377,970
24
161,205
89
2,628
7,028
26,109
38,282
142,605
1997
332,147
37,257
9,958
160,426
32,792
91,714
455,150
26
162,865
97
3,107
7,801
27,537
107,154
146,562
377,578
32
162,852
97
3,107
7,801
27,537
37,326
138,825
1998
342,942
40,761
10,741
162,986
34,488
93,966
482,422
44
165,902
130
3,453
7,660
29,810
117,969
157,454
386,230
34
165,893
130
3,453
7,660
29,810
37,310
141,939
1999
350,471
48,091
10,745
165,409
35,099
91,126
493,472
36
168,871
145
4,405
7,056
30,436
120,429
162,092
394,562
35
168,867
145
4,405
7,056
30,436
37,337
146,280
2000
350,664
46,080
11,035
167,350
35,267
90,932
502,407
39
171,009
193
5,075
7,016
31,467
121,029
166,578
403,746
39
171,012
193
5,075
7,016
31,467
37,087
151,856
2001
362,655
49,645
11,585
170,340
36,390
94,694
516,280
22
173,168
231
5,053
6,208
33,854
125,668
172,074
413,726
41
173,169
231
5,053
6,208
33,854
38,344
156,824
2002
370,460
53,366
12,139
173,102
37,130
94,723
529,915
34
175,374
309
4,634
7,271
35,216
131,024
176,051
427,581
51
175,373
309
4,634
7,271
34,929
38,665
166,346
2003
384,411
55,377
12,046
177,291
38,618
101,079
560,203
83
177,663
386
4,433
8,055
38,472
134,163
196,945
441,818
64
177,659
386
4,433
8,055
35,562
39,233
176,423
2004
395,584
53,976
12,722
179,566
38,883
110,437
581,363
81
179,972
568
4,515
9,601
42,549
135,762
208,312
456,078
96
179,968
568
4,515
9,601
36,731
37,241
187,355
2005
415,838
57,312
13,309
183,176
42,570
119,471
610,033
60
182,142
747
4,900
10,922
45,822
141,935
223,502
474,005
116
182,160
747
4,900
10,922
37,833
39,093
198,231
2006
434,145
62,323
14,122
186,311
46,754
124,635
643,171
157
184,269
1,014
4,419
11,633
48,872
149,552
243,252
490,063
166
184,272
1,014
4,419
11,633
39,234
38,864
210,458
2007
490,298
81,926
15,897
192,539
56,559
143,377
724,674
1,176
187,518
1,542
4,857
9,930
64,231
169,175
286,242
541,215
268
187,529
1,542
4,857
9,930
53,802
38,597
244,687
2009
450,431
62,641
14,503
188,781
51,734
132,771
667,194
475
186,416
1,182
3,834
11,151
49,664
155,470
258,999
507,121
167
186,400
1,182
3,834
11,151
40,362
38,417
225,606
2008
534
1990
7,488
18,905
Gas
Electricity
329,802
302,786
3,718
5,138
64,432
Oil
Gas
Total
5,868
46,619
4,970
175,215
Gas
Total
186,266
48,204
123,626
Oil
132,194
71,654
6,253
3,642
Coal
55,576
Coal
61,759
89,396
82,896
Total
24,198
23,070
Own Use
65,198
59,826
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Total
Others
39
32
Solar
Wind
5,525
79,189
6,141
Nuclear
78,119
Hydro
Geothermal
218,494
Thermal
245,049
281,802
274,089
Total
12
Others
151,899
149,918
20,679
7,551
57,806
43,855
1991
Biomass
55,622
Oil
Heat
42,149
Coal
Table 6.7 continued
196,204
6,401
50,416
139,387
78,401
6,775
4,041
67,585
90,339
25,593
64,746
347,627
88
6,726
75,984
264,829
289,048
15
154,125
22,116
9,005
60,204
43,582
1992
203,714
6,930
52,119
144,665
85,993
6,861
3,759
75,373
95,087
27,349
67,738
372,177
99
5,398
77,436
289,244
291,508
17
154,915
23,832
9,221
62,807
40,716
1993
216,205
7,348
56,759
152,098
89,872
7,403
4,030
78,439
100,959
28,593
72,366
402,351
200
5,648
90,277
306,226
302,716
19
155,727
25,930
9,988
68,358
42,694
1994
231,609
9,188
62,573
159,847
103,257
9,166
4,353
89,738
113,651
31,372
82,279
436,115
529
7,982
80,209
347,394
312,345
21
157,244
27,731
11,268
77,287
38,793
1995
244,129
9,475
67,735
166,919
113,370
9,440
7,342
96,588
127,016
32,977
94,040
455,996
922
9,071
76,074
369,923
318,196
23
159,275
28,294
11,721
80,373
38,511
1996
256,295
10,647
71,162
174,485
117,715
10,590
7,740
99,385
136,312
35,407
100,905
485,893
1,037
10,083
81,727
393,040
330,683
24
161,225
30,042
12,284
85,043
42,065
1997
259,624
11,466
74,930
173,228
123,579
12,134
7,760
103,685
151,300
36,453
114,847
518,627
1,127
11,922
90,715
414,857
332,147
32
162,882
31,586
11,877
89,310
36,461
1998
277,976
12,385
81,454
184,136
133,945
12,682
8,159
113,104
183,243
39,151
144,092
560,614
971
1,512
13,249
89,067
455,809
342,942
34
165,358
32,449
12,838
96,271
35,991
1999
284,296
12,669
82,290
189,337
143,311
12,528
10,532
120,251
200,708
41,372
159,336
587,596
1,347
1,687
15
16,902
82,047
485,598
350,471
35
168,063
33,235
13,256
101,784
34,097
2000
289,153
13,710
81,576
193,867
148,454
13,687
9,595
125,172
213,481
43,209
170,271
607,957
1,820
2,244
20
19,475
81,588
502,810
350,664
39
169,934
33,861
12,894
100,021
33,916
2001
298,803
15,165
83,845
199,792
151,539
15,255
10,143
126,141
212,338
45,233
167,105
627,495
1,840
2,691
24
19,390
72,181
531,369
362,655
41
172,066
35,624
13,582
104,350
36,992
2002
306,285
15,918
86,042
204,324
158,258
16,287
10,415
131,557
225,283
46,953
178,330
666,402
1,863
3,593
28
17,780
84,551
558,587
370,460
51
174,262
37,852
14,525
107,817
35,953
2003
331,896
18,322
87,527
226,047
173,798
18,027
10,401
145,371
228,948
49,209
179,739
704,498
1,885
4,493
31
17,011
93,667
587,411
384,411
64
176,529
40,785
15,828
111,302
39,902
2004
345,133
21,169
86,791
237,173
180,292
18,158
10,009
152,124
235,285
50,849
184,436
739,438
1,910
6,605
33
17,324
111,637
601,929
395,584
96
178,829
43,208
19,616
110,366
43,469
2005
369,582
22,455
92,563
254,565
193,826
19,178
10,075
164,573
240,569
53,209
187,360
800,105
1,932
8,692
34
18,802
126,997
643,648
415,838
116
181,010
47,931
21,716
117,838
47,228
2006
397,498
23,607
98,114
275,777
214,513
21,501
10,891
182,121
245,300
55,570
189,730
864,688
1,952
11,798
35
16,957
135,271
698,675
434,145
166
183,122
52,957
22,127
125,054
50,719
2007
462,829
32,004
111,440
319,386
242,939
31,440
12,950
198,549
420,409
24,915
104,838
290,656
225,531
22,987
12,312
190,232
284,093
60,953
57,547
242,307
223,140
950,254
1,997
17,936
43
18,636
115,471
796,171
490,298
268
186,370
64,342
28,058
136,460
74,800
2009
184,760
897,591
1,975
13,743
36
14,713
129,662
737,462
450,431
167
185,265
56,651
21,591
130,048
56,709
2008
South Asia
535
359,752
363
13.5
GDP - Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
24.7
311,891
317,983
586
0.18
222
559
0.18
0.51
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
24.9
290,889
335,106
25.1
323,752
351,211
25.4
373,668
373,651
25.6
412,355
401,006
25.8
448,181
429,663
26.1
474,096
447,984
26.3
481,891
474,993
26.5
517,846
508,408
26.8
530,184
530,184
27.0
547,834
556,740
27.2
579,236
577,893
27.4
678,130
624,047
27.7
807,820
673,909
27.9
28.2
799,457
28.5
874,725
28.8
919,135
29.1
998,429
928,648 1,052,763 1,356,177 1,351,882 1,524,596
733,673
0.53
0.19
585
249
57.1
10.9
863
1,100
0.28
0.36
12.9
282
325
0.54
0.19
580
264
58.3
11.9
830
1,076
0.28
0.36
13.4
308
334
0.55
0.20
579
282
53.9
12.1
810
1,049
0.28
0.37
13.9
349
349
0.56
0.21
578
296
55.3
13.1
779
1,032
0.29
0.38
14.9
378
368
0.57
0.22
568
296
60.3
14.2
741
995
0.29
0.39
15.2
404
387
0.58
0.23
572
309
61.3
14.9
738
991
0.29
0.39
14.7
420
397
0.57
0.23
547
320
65.2
17.0
699
958
0.29
0.40
14.4
419
413
0.58
0.24
547
323
68.4
19.9
675
949
0.29
0.41
13.9
443
435
0.58
0.24
536
325
69.0
20.0
661
931
0.29
0.41
14.3
446
446
0.58
0.24
519
326
69.4
19.6
630
902
0.29
0.42
14.0
453
460
0.58
0.24
517
337
69.5
19.9
628
893
0.30
0.42
10
14.3
472
470
0.58
0.25
491
353
70.5
19.3
594
849
0.30
0.42
12
14.1
544
500
0.59
0.26
492
375
70.8
21.1
570
831
0.30
0.44
12
14.2
638
532
0.59
0.27
470
392
72.6
21.6
539
792
0.31
0.45
13
14.3
724
572
0.61
0.28
462
428
72.5
22.3
520
763
0.32
0.47
14
14.9
809
614
0.62
0.30
454
467
74.0
23.8
496
735
0.33
0.49
15
15.0
1,029
663
0.63
0.31
457
493
75.3
24.0
490
726
0.34
0.50
15
14.9
1,012
688
0.64
0.34
465
553
77.2
25.3
492
727
0.36
0.54
15
14.9
1,126
738
Sources: APERC estimates, IEA (2011b), JAMA (2012), UNSD (2011a), and World Bank.
0.53
238
50.2
8.8
886
8.3
874
2000 $ million)
1,115
45.4
1,090
2000 $ million)
0.28
0.35
0.28
13.1
308
314
0.34
316
2000 $)

persons)
1992
1,184,141 1,200,500 1,265,311 1,326,122 1,411,856 1,515,473 1,625,060 1,693,658 1,796,189 1,923,828 2,005,212 2,105,926 2,185,494 2,361,789 2,551,780 2,780,608 3,031,570 3,319,515 3,486,866 3,791,153
24.4
313,442
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
1991
991,967 1,012,177 1,031,608 1,051,218 1,070,677 1,090,259 1,109,940 1,129,706 1,149,555 1,169,490 1,189,505 1,209,186 1,228,492 1,247,338 1,265,616 1,283,250 1,301,034 1,318,382 1,335,831 1,353,505
1990

million)
Urban Population, %
Table 6.7 continued
536
6.1 Bangladesh
144,000
293.0
147,030
12.1
28.0
78.2
41.0


Oil: 70
Hydro: 133
Coal: 400
Oil: 867
Imports:
1,267
Coal: 500
Gas: 15,321
Biomass: 8,813
Oil: 140
Stock Changes: 140

Transformation
Losses: 5,985
Stock Changes: 271
Oil: 3,859
(Discrepancy: 1)
Imports: 3,859
Oil: 141
(Discrepancy: 123)

Others: 141
3,670
7,670
7,079
16,057
Biomass: 8,813
Electricity: 3,099
Gas: 6,844
Oil: 3,980
Others: 3,283
Commercial: 378
Residential: 11,974

Transport: 2,628
Industry: 4,873
Coal: 400
Exports: 148
537
538
Table 6.1.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
105,256
117,487
129,592
140,588
147,030
29.5
36.6
47.1
61.4
78.2
78.6
97.5
125.7
163.7
208.6
280
311
364
437
532
747
830
970
1,165
1,419

Table 6.1.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Net Imports
Total PES
Coal
Oil
10,757
12,777
15,155
19,343
24,837
1,978
3,119
3,446
4,534
4,761
12,735
15,896
18,601
23,877
29,598
281
321
330
371
629
1,791
2,837
3,213
4,299
4,702
Gas
3,724
5,489
7,374
10,800
15,321
Biomass
6,863
7,217
7,603
8,296
8,813
76
32
81
111
133
TPES/capita (toe)
0.12
0.14
0.14
0.17
0.20
162
163
148
146
142
Industry
971
1,486
1,886
2,692
4,873
Transportation
545
873
996
1,552
2,628
Others
Other Sectors
Total FEC
Coal
9,456
11,176
12,408
14,617
15,635
10,972
13,535
15,290
18,861
23,136
281
321
330
350
400
Oil
1,571
2,411
2,716
3,633
3,980
Gas
1,852
2,867
3,570
4,668
6,844
405
719
1,071
1,914
3,099
6,863
7,217
7,603
8,296
8,813
Electricity
Biomass
Others
Bangladesh
Figure 6.1.1

1990
2009
Industry
8.8%
Commercial
1.0%
Transport
5.0%
Others
14.9%
Commercial
1.6%
Others
14.2%
Industry
21.1%
Transport
11.4%
Residential
70.2%
Residential
51.8%
10,972 ktoe
23,136 ktoe

Figure 6.1.2

1990
2009
Coal
1.7%
Coal
2.6%
Oil
17.2%
Oil
14.3%
Biomass
62.6%
Biomass
38.1%
Gas
16.9%
Gas
29.6%
Electricity
3.7%
Electricity
13.4%
10,972 ktoe
23,136 ktoe
539

30,000
25,000
Biomass 8,813
Hydro 133
20,000
ktoe
540
15,000
Gas 15,321
10,000
Biomass 6,863
Hydro 76
5,000
Gas 3,724
Oil 1,791
Oil 4,702
Coal 281
1990
Coal 629
2009

Figure 6.1.4

1990
Coal
0.0%
Coal
2.0%
2009
Oil
0.9%
Gas
34.6%
Biomass
35.5%
Biomass
63.8%
Gas
61.7%
Hydro
0.7%
10,757 ktoe
Oil
0.3%
Hydro
0.5%
24,837 ktoe
Bangladesh
Figure 6.1.5

1990
2009
Hydro
4.1%
Hydro
11.4%
Thermal
88.6%
Thermal
95.9%
7,732 GWh
37,862 GWh
Figure 6.1.6

1990
2008
Commercial
6.6%
Commercial
11.4%
Residential
25.9%
Others
4.9%
Industry
57.8%
4,709 GWh
Others
4.9%
Residential
32.4%
36,035 GWh
Industry
56.2%
541
Figure 6.1.7

2009
1990
Coal
5.2%
Coal
9.4%
Gas
49.1%
Oil
28.3%
Oil
41.6%
Gas
66.5%
13,068 kt C
3,241 kt C
Figure 6.1.8
19902009
25,000
20,000
15,000
ktoe
10,000
5,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
542
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
Bangladesh
Figure 6.1.9
19902009
543

19902009
25,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
20,000
ktoe
ktoe
15,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5,000
Coal
Biomass
Oil
Gas


Figure 6.1.11
19902009
Figure 6.1.12
19902009
Hydro
Biomass
40,000
30,000
35,000
25,000
30,000
25,000
GWh
ktoe
20,000
15,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
Coal
Oil

Gas
Hydro
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5,000
Biomass
Thermal
Source: IEAThermal
(2011b).
Hydro
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
544
Figure 6.1.13
19902009

10,000
14,000
9,000
12,000
8,000
10,000
7,000
8,000
kt C
ktoe
6,000
5,000
6,000
4,000
3,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal


Figure 6.1.16
19902009
250
200
Gas
440
180
430
160
100
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
50
CO2 Emissions
140
410
120
400
100
390
80
380
60
370
40
360
350
20
340
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
420
150
Oil

Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,000
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
343
350
350
3.
4.
1,439
1,439
1,440
83
1,262
95
1,640
453
550
543
543
1,093
1,520
238
3,304
70
1,380
572
808
2,564
20
324
125
2,993
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
330
330
150
150
180
178
534
534
534
534
350
350
183
183
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
550
550
1,190
66
1,806
294
338
44
1,851
1,851
130
130
36
53
234
181
346
35
381
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
118
118
473
102
350
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
225
Coal
1.
Bangladesh Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.1.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
453
42
495
34
524
524
18
289
125
400
Other
Petroleum
Products
26,507
2,076
18
1,339
123
1,462
1,480
157
1,487
5,200
776
6,369
6,369
12,344
12,344
Gas
5.
1,389
119
119
119
119
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
8,446
8,446
8,446
8,446
8,446
8,446
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
79
801
151
952
1,031
1,174
2,205
68
297
2,570
2,570
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
29,879
2,529
647
11,129
274
11,403
12,050
1,677
3,249
19,505
66
1,148
59
4,608
4,667
25,386
324
125
4,605
21,229
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Bangladesh
545
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
275
350
350
3.
4.
1,306
1,306
1,306
1,219
86
1,643
404
694
491
491
1,185
1,638
253
3,480
82
1,272
587
685
2,871
110
287
132
3,180
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
351
351
136
136
215
94
121
477
477
477
477
318
318
159
159
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
694
694
1,287
70
2,051
267
339
72
2,123
2,123
138
138
33
47
248
201
371
35
406
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
94
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
94
448
82
350
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
180
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.1.4
14
14
14
14
14
14
LPG
4.5
4.6
404
45
449
49
490
490
16
252
132
371
Other
Petroleum
Products
27,976
2,191
18
1,482
133
1,615
1,633
281
1,816
5,921
610
6,647
6,647
13,176
13,176
Gas
5.
1,392
120
120
120
120
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
8,570
8,570
8,570
8,570
8,570
8,570
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
80
809
152
961
1,041
1,298
2,339
63
289
2,691
2,691
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
31,286
2,595
792
11,352
285
11,637
12,429
1,919
3,717
20,660
55
985
34
4,757
4,791
26,491
29
287
132
4,749
22,132
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
546
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
638
400
400
3.
4.
1,187
1,187
1,187
142
1,251
78
1,739
349
852
473
473
1,325
1,764
269
3,707
13
77
1,164
621
543
3,228
104
254
140
3,518
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
372
372
123
123
249
90
159
428
428
428
428
289
289
139
139
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
852
852
1,392
74
2,318
242
359
117
2,436
2,436
147
147
30
40
262
222
396
35
431
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
219
219
629
191
400
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
420
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.1.5
45
45
45
45
45
45
LPG
4.5
4.6
349
48
397
11
47
425
425
14
219
140
353
Other
Petroleum
Products
31,106
1,844
17
1,618
155
1,773
1,790
535
2,161
6,330
380
7,371
7,371
14,079
14,079
Gas
5.
1,474
127
127
127
127
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
8,692
8,692
8,692
8,692
8,692
8,692
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
129
899
165
1,064
1,193
1,539
2,732
40
314
3,006
3,006
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
34,957
2,193
998
11,682
320
12,002
13,000
2,299
4,369
21,861
54
780
23
5,332
5,355
27,942
229
254
140
5,169
23,396
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Bangladesh
547
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
638
400
400
3.
4.
1,077
1,077
1,077
140
867
70
1,832
315
1,048
429
429
1,477
1,901
287
3,980
23
82
1,070
656
414
3,625
141
227
148
3,859
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
394
394
111
111
282
129
153
384
384
384
384
263
263
121
121
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,048
1,048
1,507
79
2,634
219
379
160
2,792
2,792
156
156
27
36
277
241
421
35
456
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
219
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
219
629
271
400
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
500
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.1.6
45
45
45
45
45
45
LPG
4.5
4.6
315
52
367
17
55
396
396
12
192
148
337
Other
Petroleum
Products
33,840
1,754
15
1,729
175
1,904
1,919
727
2,444
6,844
251
8,226
8,226
15,321
15,321
Gas
5.
1,552
133
133
133
133
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
8,813
8,813
8,813
8,813
8,813
8,813
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
151
1,003
203
1,206
1,357
1,742
3,099
100
257
3,256
3,256
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
37,862
2,069
1,214
11,974
378
12,352
13,566
2,628
4,873
23,136
122
599
5,978
5,985
29,598
10
227
148
5,126
24,837
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
548
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
12,735
10,972
115
Commercial
Total
7,701
Residential
1,640
545
Others
971
Industry
Transport
Total
Nuclear
Others
76
Hydro
6,863
3,724
Gas
Biomass
281
1,791
Oil
10,757
Coal
Total
Nuclear
6,863
Hydro
Others
76
Gas
Biomass
94
3,724
Oil
Coal
1990
66
0
69
10,715
1,605
113
7,646
598
753
11,259
1,839
126
7,816
689
789
13,253
12,557
6,991
68
4,237
1,873
84
11,365
6,991
68
4,237
1992
6,875
72
3,835
1,685
90
10,848
6,875
72
3,835
1991
75
11,737
2,127
117
7,937
709
847
13,988
7,020
52
4,808
2,077
31
11,955
7,020
52
4,808
1993
39
12,358
2,258
127
8,202
724
1,047
14,612
7,198
73
5,145
2,167
29
12,455
7,198
73
5,145
1994
Bangladesh Summary Table, 19902009
Table 6.1.7
39
13,535
2,676
129
8,371
873
1,486
15,896
7,217
32
5,489
2,837
321
12,777
7,217
32
5,489
1995
43
13,647
2,897
136
8,240
962
1,412
15,991
6,962
64
5,891
2,898
176
12,960
6,962
64
5,891
1996
50
14,153
2,649
171
8,629
1,091
1,613
16,702
7,194
62
5,791
3,332
323
13,097
7,194
62
5,791
1997
60
14,629
2,998
181
8,853
1,114
1,483
17,403
7,306
74
6,258
3,672
93
13,698
7,306
74
6,258
1998
72
14,598
2,810
192
9,029
1,013
1,554
17,646
7,469
72
6,823
3,236
46
14,436
7,469
72
6,823
1999
97
15,290
2,899
174
9,335
996
1,886
18,601
7,603
81
7,374
3,213
330
15,155
7,603
81
7,374
2000
95
16,390
3,145
191
9,660
1,241
2,153
20,216
7,740
85
8,258
3,783
350
16,178
7,740
85
8,258
2001
88
16,645
2,844
204
10,006
1,260
2,331
20,756
7,872
92
8,687
3,755
350
16,739
7,872
92
8,687
2002
17,800
3,270
218
10,412
1,289
2,611
21,704
8,006
97
9,345
3,906
350
17,550
8,006
97
9,345
102
2003
92
17,934
3,176
237
10,724
1,303
2,494
22,538
8,142
105
10,087
3,854
350
18,426
8,142
105
10,087
2004
98
38
18,861
3,362
246
11,009
1,552
2,692
23,877
8,296
111
10,800
4,299
371
19,343
8,296
111
10,800
2005
19,505
3,176
274
11,129
1,677
3,249
25,386
8,446
119
12,344
4,004
473
21,229
8,446
119
12,344
95
225
2006
20,660
3,387
285
11,352
1,919
3,717
26,491
8,570
120
13,176
4,177
448
22,132
8,570
120
13,176
86
180
2007
23,136
3,283
378
11,974
2,628
4,873
29,598
8,813
133
15,321
4,702
629
24,837
8,813
133
15,321
70
500
2009
21,861
3,191
320
11,682
2,299
4,369
27,942
8,692
127
14,079
4,415
629
23,396
8,692
127
14,079
78
420
2008
Bangladesh
549
1990
1,852
Gas
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
90
3,395
3,023
1,794
Gas
Total
304
1,346
1,591
3,241
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
1,833
1,677
Oil
3,057
1,687
1,273
97
1,884
51
117
Coal
453
2,942
8,270
838
7,432
10,715
6,875
419
1,809
1,522
1991
430
2,593
Total
Own Use
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
7,732
884
Hydro
Total
6,848
Thermal
10,972
Total
Others
6,863
Biomass
Heat
405
1,571
Oil
Electricity
281
Coal
84
3,340
1,827
1,423
91
2,108
1,980
128
2,872
500
2,372
8,894
796
8,098
11,259
6,991
518
2,044
1,622
1992
31
3,644
2,070
1,541
33
2,323
2,126
197
2,302
512
1,791
9,206
608
8,598
11,737
7,020
595
2,315
1,776
1993
29
3,842
2,198
1,612
31
2,447
2,237
210
2,337
570
1,767
9,784
847
8,937
12,358
7,198
640
2,647
1,844
1994
4,650
2,371
1,932
347
2,680
2,383
297
2,430
640
1,791
10,806
372
10,434
13,535
7,217
719
2,867
2,411
321
1995
4,687
2,481
2,016
190
2,704
2,461
243
2,477
640
1,837
11,474
739
10,735
13,647
6,962
774
3,215
2,520
176
1996
5,311
2,604
2,358
349
2,837
2,459
378
2,407
616
1,791
11,858
719
11,139
14,153
7,194
812
3,024
2,800
323
1997
93
5,377
2,870
2,406
100
3,118
2,741
377
2,674
686
1,988
12,882
865
12,017
14,629
7,306
878
3,204
3,148
1998
46
5,563
3,195
2,318
50
3,526
3,125
401
3,105
814
2,291
14,450
833
13,617
14,598
7,469
976
3,391
2,716
1999
6,059
3,539
2,164
356
3,628
3,275
353
3,302
884
2,419
15,771
946
14,825
15,290
7,603
1,071
3,570
2,716
330
2000
7,091
4,033
2,680
378
4,330
3,889
441
3,395
977
2,419
17,392
993
16,399
16,390
7,740
1,204
3,887
3,209
350
2001
7,581
4,444
2,759
378
4,665
4,216
449
3,419
1,047
2,372
18,665
1,066
17,599
16,645
7,872
1,313
3,919
3,191
350
2002
7,831
4,624
2,829
378
4,687
4,228
459
3,372
1,105
2,267
19,712
1,126
18,586
17,800
8,006
1,404
4,726
3,314
350
2003
8,347
5,142
2,827
378
5,603
5,135
468
3,419
1,384
2,035
24,684
1,226
23,458
17,934
8,142
1,762
4,415
3,265
350
2004
9,139
5,583
3,156
401
6,074
5,522
532
20
3,453
1,488
1,965
26,506
1,293
25,213
18,861
8,296
1,914
4,668
3,633
350
2005
10,023
6,578
2,934
511
7,059
6,369
572
118
3,453
1,674
1,779
29,879
1,389
28,490
19,505
8,446
2,205
5,200
3,304
350
2006
10,668
7,038
3,146
484
7,328
6,647
587
94
3,360
1,756
1,605
31,286
1,392
29,894
20,660
8,570
2,339
5,921
3,480
350
2007
13,068
8,691
3,699
678
9,101
8,226
656
219
11,922
7,838
3,406
678
8,211
7,371
621
219
2,988
2,128
1,965
3,651
860
37,862
1,552
36,310
23,136
8,813
3,099
6,844
3,980
400
2009
1,686
34,957
1,474
33,483
21,861
8,692
2,732
6,330
3,707
400
2008
550
286
12.1
GDP - Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
0.25
0.25
0.03
104
55
96.3
14.2
352
414
0.10
0.12
12.7
288
290
85,368
31,709
32,010
20.6
110,226
1992
0.26
0.03
109
61
96.4
14.5
351
418
0.10
0.12
13.2
294
297
89,273
33,167
33,475
20.9
112,645
1993
0.26
0.03
110
65
98.2
14.8
355
419
0.11
0.13
13.7
293
303
92,920
33,769
34,842
21.3
115,059
1994
0.29
0.04
127
71
98.6
19.6
370
435
0.12
0.14
14.4
323
311
97,496
37,940
36,558
21.7
117,487
1995
0.29
0.04
123
75
98.5
19.0
357
418
0.11
0.13
14.7
339
319
102,002
40,666
38,248
22.1
119,929
1996
0.32
0.04
132
77
98.5
21.6
351
414
0.12
0.14
14.6
346
329
107,498
42,319
40,308
22.5
122,370
1997
0.31
0.04
127
82
98.4
21.3
345
410
0.12
0.14
15.1
353
340
113,117
44,092
42,415
22.8
124,803
1998
0.32
0.04
125
89
97.8
18.2
328
397
0.11
0.14
14.9
359
350
118,625
45,694
44,481
23.2
127,215
1999
0.33
0.05
129
96
97.0
18.5
324
395
0.12
0.14
14.7
364
364
125,677
47,125
47,125
23.6
129,592
2000
0.35
0.05
143
106
97.5
20.0
330
407
0.12
0.15
14.9
356
376
132,305
46,988
49,610
24.0
131,945
2001
0.37
0.06
146
114
97.7
19.4
321
401
0.12
0.15
15.0
354
386
138,147
47,571
51,801
24.4
134,266
2002
0.36
0.06
144
120
97.4
19.1
326
398
0.13
0.16
15 .3
380
399
145,408
51,914
54,523
24.9
136,515
2003
0.37
0.06
144
148
97.6
18.2
310
389
0.13
0.16
15 .4
408
418
154,525
56,561
57,942
25.3
138,633
2004
0.38
0.07
149
158
97.7
19.0
307
389
0.13
0.17
15.7
429
437
163,728
60,278
61,393
25.7
140,588
2005
0.39
0.07
153
180
97.6
16.4
298
388
0.14
0.18
16 .3
435
460
174,582
61,901
65,463
26.2
142,354
2006
0.40
0.07
153
189
97.9
16.5
297
380
0.14
0.18
16.8
475
484
185,804
68,415
69,671
26.7
143,957
2007
0.43
0.08
161
218
98.2
16.3
295
378
0.15
0.19
17.0
547
509
197,306
79,554
73,984
27.1
145,478
2008
0.44
0.09
167
245
98.5
16.1
296
378
0.16
0.20
17.1
608
532
208,634
89,360
78,231
27.6
147,030
2009
CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatt-hour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatt-hour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total primary
energy supply.
0.24
0.03
0.03
CO2/capita (t C)
45
96.1
13.6
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
94.8
100
15.5
352
110
372
2000 $ million)
412

2000 $ million)
432
2000 $ million)
0.10
0.12
45
0.10
287
12.4
person)
0.12
283
280
2000 $)

persons)
81,273
78,646
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
30,957
30,129
30,475
20.2
107,769
29,490
19.8
1991

million)
105,256
Urban Population, %
1990
Bangladesh
551
6.2 Bhutan
38,390
714
0.9

Sources: ADB (2012), IEA (2011c), and World Bank.
Coal: 33
Biomass: 32
Imports: 65
Coal: 87
Hydro: 599
Biomass: 1,035

Transformation: 616
Exports: 12
Electricity: 1
Imports: 76
Oil: 75
Transformation
Losses: 17
599
675
(Discrepancy: 14)
177
1,157
Biomass: 1,045
Oil: 74
Electricity: 103
Coal: 113
Exports: 482
552
Others: 77
Residential: 1,062
Transport: 63
Industry: 132
Bhutan
Table 6.2.1
553

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
559
519
571
659
701
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.5
2.3
3.0
465
608
749
964
1,195
1,679
2,193
2,703
3,480
4,315

Source: World Bank.
Table 6.2.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

980
1,036
1,115
1,284
1,720
Net Imports
80
96
49
51
354
Total PES
900
940
1,066
1,233
1,366
Coal
13
20
46
102
113
Oil
29
36
51
71
74
Gas
Biomass
844
856
933
996
1,062
Others
14
28
36
63
118
TPES/capita (toe)
1.61
1.81
1.87
1.87
1.95
960
827
690
537
452
16
30
51
101
132
25
38
55
63

Industry
Transportation
Other Sectors
299
358
975
1,048
1,140
Total FEC
317
413
1,064
1,204
1,335
Coal
13
20
46
102
113
Oil
13
36
51
71
74
Gas
Electricity
13
23
34
53
103
Biomass
279
333
932
979
1,045
Others
554

Industry
Transport
Figure 6.2.1
Residential
Commercial
Others

2008
1990
Others
5.8%
Industry
5.1%
Others
3.4%
Industry
9.9%
Transport
4.8%
Transport
0.6%
Residential
90.9%
Residential
79.6%
1,335 ktoe
317 ktoe
Figure 6.2.2
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others

2008
1990
Coal
4.0%
Coal
8.5%
Oil
4.0%
Electricity
4.1%
Biomass
88.0%
317 ktoe
Oil
5.5%
Electricity
7.7%
Biomass
78.3%
1,335 ktoe
Bhutan
Coal
Gas
Oil
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
Others

2,000
1,500
Biomass 1,062
ktoe
1,000
Biomass 844
500
Hydro 599
Oil 29
Coal 13
Hydro 134
0
Oil 74
Coal 113
Others 120
Others 481
-500
1990
2008

Coal
Figure 6.2.4
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass

2008
1990
Coal
5.0%
Coal
0.1%
Hydro
13.7%
Hydro
34.8%
Biomass
86.2%
980 ktoe
Biomass
60.2%
1,720 ktoe
Others
555
556

Thermal
Hydro
Figure 6.2.5
Nuclear
Geothermal
Others

2008
1990
Thermal
0.0%
Thermal
0.4%
Hydro
99.6%
Hydro
100.0%
1,564 GWh
6,961 GWh
Industry
Figure 6.2.6
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others

2008
1990
Commercial
0.0%
Others
8.6%
Others
16.1%
Residential
11.4%
Residential
15.9%
Industry
75.5%
151 GWh
Commercial
0.2%
Industry
72.4%
1,202 GWh
Bhutan
Figure 6.2.7

2008
1990
Coal
0.1%
Coal
0.0%
Oil
100.0%
Oil
99.9%
12 kt C
61 kt C

Figure 6.2.8
19902008
1,400
1,200
ktoe
1,000
800
600
400
Industry
Transport

Residential
Others
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
200
557
558
Figure 6.2.9
19902008

19902008
2,000
1,400
1,200
1,500
1,000
1,000
ktoe
ktoe
800
500
600
0
400
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
2008
Figure 6.2.12
19902008
2007
Figure 6.2.11
19902008
Biomass
2008

1,800
1998
Hydro

1997
1996
Oil
2006
Coal
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
Biomass
2007
Electricity
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
Oil
1,000
2006
Coal
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
500
200
Others
7,000
1,600
6,000
1,400
5,000
1,000
GWh
ktoe
1,200
800
4,000
3,000
600
2,000
400
Coal

Hydro
Thermal
Biomass
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
1,000
200
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
Bhutan
Figure 6.2.13
19942009
559

70
60
50
2
kt C
ktoe
40
30
1
20
Coal
Oil
Coal



(indexed to year 2000), 199020098
Figure 6.2.16
19902008
250
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1990
1991
10
Oil
4,000
120
200
150
100
50
100
3,000
80
2,500
2,000
60
1,500
40
1,000
20
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
500
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

3,500
78
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
36
36
66
102
3.
4.
15
15
15
55
71
71
72
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
44
44
44
44
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
102
35
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
60
Coal
1.
Bhutan Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.2.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
2,646
228
228
228
228
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
975
975
979
979
17
17
996
996
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
18
35
53
11
228
228
164
167
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
2,648
49
999
999
1,048
55
101
1,204
11
17
18
1,233
202
152
1,284
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
560
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
27
30
3.
4.
17
17
17
56
73
73
74
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
43
43
43
43
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
27
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
30
46
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
69
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.2.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
4,519
389
389
389
389
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
975
975
979
979
17
17
996
996
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
13
10
10
23
43
66
12
389
389
312
313
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
4,521
44
1,002
1,002
1,047
56
45
1,148
12
17
18
1,176
359
83
1,454
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Bhutan
561
18
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
35
35
35
70
3.
4.
14
14
14
62
76
76
77
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
13
13
13
13
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
47
47
47
47
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
70
21
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
74
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.2.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
6,560
564
564
564
564
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
1,017
1,017
1,021
1,021
17
17
1,039
19
1,022
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
15
11
11
27
58
85
16
564
564
466
467
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
6,562
55
1,042
1,042
1,097
62
93
1,252
16
17
18
1,283
491
115
1,660
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
562
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
56
57
113
3.
4.
11
11
11
63
74
74
75
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
14
14
14
14
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
49
49
49
49
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
56
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
113
33
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
87
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.2.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
6,961
599
599
599
599
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
1,040
1,040
1,045
1,045
17
17
1,062
32
1,035
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
17
12
12
29
75
103
14
29
599
599
481
482
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
6,961
77
1,062
1,063
1,140
63
132
1,335
14
29
17
17
1,366
494
141
1,720
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Bhutan
563
Solar
Wind
900
11
317
Total
288
Residential
Others
Commercial
16
Industry
Transport
120
Wind
Others
Solar
Total
Geothermal
844
Nuclear
Biomass
134
Hydro
29
Oil
Gas
13
Coal
980
Geothermal
Total
Nuclear
134
Hydro
844
Gas
Others
Oil
Biomass
Coal
1990
321
11
291
17
330
16
292
21
917
115
119
905
849
134
28
21
1,023
849
134
39
1992
848
134
29
13
983
848
134
1991
363
11
318
16
17
908
126
848
145
30
11
1,025
848
145
32
1993
Bhutan Summary Table, 19902009
Table 6.2.7
397
15
334
19
28
920
125
851
145
32
17
1,035
846
145
45
1994
413
17
341
25
30
940
112
856
140
36
20
1,036
848
140
48
1995
961
19
879
27
37
968
134
863
170
44
25
1,070
855
170
45
1996
999
32
888
29
51
1,003
122
874
158
43
50
1,062
867
158
38
1997
1,025
35
907
32
51
1,027
116
895
155
46
48
1,077
887
155
35
1998
1,040
32
923
34
51
1,042
118
912
155
48
46
1,094
904
155
35
1999
1,064
31
943
38
51
1,066
120
933
156
51
46
1,115
925
156
35
2000
1,082
35
953
42
52
1,087
119
939
167
55
46
1,144
939
167
39
2001
1,111
47
952
45
66
1,135
132
953
189
57
69
1,204
953
189
62
2002
1,112
30
965
50
67
1,142
157
967
217
63
53
1,231
967
217
46
2003
1,133
28
980
53
71
1,162
138
982
202
66
50
1,205
982
202
21
2004
1,204
49
999
55
101
1,233
164
996
228
71
102
1,284
996
228
60
2005
1,148
44
1,002
56
45
1,176
312
996
389
73
30
1,454
996
389
69
2006
1,252
55
1,042
62
93
1,283
466
1,039
564
76
70
1,660
1,022
564
74
2007
2009
1,335
77
1,062
63
132
1,366
481
1,062
599
74
113
1,720
1,035
599
87
2008
564
1990
Solar
Wind
Others
21
Gas
Total
12
12
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
12
12
Coal
22
Own Use
Total
21
22
1,564
1,560
321
282
14
13
13
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
1,564
Total
Geothermal
1,557
Nuclear
Hydro
Thermal
317
Total
Heat
13
Electricity
Others
Gas
279
13
Oil
Biomass
13
Coal
10
10
23
23
1,564
1,563
330
285
14
10
21
1992
25
25
27
27
1,684
1,683
363
309
15
28
11
1993
26
26
27
27
1,686
1,685
397
326
24
30
17
1994
30
30
28
28
1,630
1,630
413
333
23
36
20
1995
36
36
54
54
1,972
1,972
961
863
29
44
25
1996
36
36
23
23
1,838
1,838
999
874
32
43
50
1997
37
37
21
21
1,801
1,801
1,025
895
37
46
48
1998
39
39
21
21
1,800
1,800
1,040
911
35
48
46
1999
42
42
21
21
1,810
1,810
1,064
932
34
51
46
2000
46
46
44
44
1,941
1,940
1,082
939
42
55
46
2001
47
47
103
103
2,201
2,200
1,111
938
47
57
69
2002
53
52
134
134
2,529
2,527
1,112
950
48
63
52
2003
55
55
141
141
2,355
2,353
1,133
964
53
66
49
2004
59
59
129
129
2,648
2,646
1,204
979
53
71
102
2005
61
61
141
141
4,521
4,519
1,148
979
66
73
30
2006
63
63
181
181
6,562
6,560
1,252
1,021
85
76
70
2007
61
61
0
335
2009
335
6,961
6,961
1,335
1,045
103
74
113
2008
Bhutan
565
504
6.9
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
8.8
100.0
0.01
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.01
0.02
43
290
100.0
8.7
1,179
3,319
0.58
1.63
6.6
438
0.01
0.02
37
291
100.0
11.5
1,187
3,298
0.60
1.68
6.5
436
509
1,004
238
278
18.0
546
1992
0.03
0.05
86
326
100.0
12.8
1,264
3,164
0.68
1.70
6.5
426
538
1,036
227
287
18.9
534
1993
0.03
0.05
88
527
100.0
12.6
1,335
3,095
0.76
1.76
7.0
484
568
1,073
253
297
19.7
523
1994
0.03
0.06
94
519
100.0
10.2
1,309
2,984
0.80
1.81
8.0
552
608
1,137
286
315
20.5
519
1995
0.04
0.07
108
659
100.0
10.5
2,873
2,892
1.85
1.86
8.8
578
643
1,208
301
335
21.5
521
1996
0.04
0.07
101
695
100.0
5.9
2,832
2,844
1.89
1.90
9.1
649
668
1,273
343
353
22.5
528
1997
0.04
0.07
100
797
100.0
4.9
2,753
2,758
1.90
1.90
8.9
658
689
1,344
356
372
23.4
541
1998
0.04
0.07
98
724
100.0
5.0
2,613
2,618
1.87
1.88
8.6
714
716
1,436
397
398
24.4
555
1999
0.04
0.07
98
698
100.0
4.6
2,487
2,492
1.86
1.87
8.3
749
749
1,544
428
428
25.4
571
2000
0.04
0.08
100
832
100.0
5.2
2,363
2,375
1.84
1.85
7.9
775
778
1,652
456
458
26.5
588
2001
0.04
0.08
94
909
100.0
6.0
2,228
2,278
1.83
1.87
36
7.5
837
823
1,799
507
499
27.6
606
2002
0.05
0.08
97
898
100.0
7.7
2,055
2,111
1.78
1.83
35
7.3
979
867
1,954
611
541
28.8
624
2003
0.05
0.09
94
964
100.0
3.7
1,938
1,988
1.76
1.81
34
7.2
1,075
910
2,109
690
584
29.9
642
2004
0.05
0.09
93
930
100.0
4.1
1,895
1,940
1.83
1.87
34
7.7
1,242
964
2,294
819
636
31.0
659
2005
0.05
0.09
90
1,132
100.0
23.6
1,690
1,732
1.70
1.74
34
8.0
1,331
1,007
2,452
898
679
32.2
675
2006
0.05
0.09
79
1,438
100.0
29.4
1,563
1,602
1.82
1.86
34
8.5
1,737
1,163
2,891
1,196
801
33.3
689
2007
0.04
0.09
73
1,714
100.0
25.9
1,592
1,630
1.90
1.95
34
8.8
1,793
1,195
3,026
1,257
838
34.5
701
2008
35
8.8
1,772
1,254
3,230
1,265
895
35.6
714
2009
0.02
CO2/capita (t C)
45
1,219
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
3,465
2000 $ million)
270
0.57
person)
1.61
490
465
2000 $)

persons)
984
938
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
244
281
273
260
17.2
556
1991

million)
559
16.4
Urban Population, %
1990
566
6.3 India
3,287,260
60,600.0
1,155,348
37.9
885.4
5,836.0
75.0


Others: 1,812
Gas: 10,429
Oil: 162,762
Coal: 45,902
Biomass: 165,422
Oil: 38,527
Gas: 38,481
Hydro: 9,194
Coal: 244,177
Nuclear: 4,857
Imports: 219,093

Coal: 1,482
Oil: 14,699
Exports: 1,145
Electricity: 906
Oil: 2,535
Imports: 17,087
Transformation
Losses: 180,887

Others: 2,535
Transfers: 2,305
264,932

195,836
253,435
Biomass: 164,278
Gas: 21,214
Oil: 128,974
Others: 268
Others: 78,258
Commercial: 15,046
Industry: 136,023
Transport: 51,499
Coal: 74,152
Exports: 53,059
Electricity: 60,385
567
568
Table 6.3.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
849,515
932,180
1,015,923
1,094,583
1,155,348
270.5
346.6
460.2
644.5
885.4
1,056.5
1,353.7
1,797.4
2,517.3
3,458.3
318
372
453
589
766
1,244
1,452
1,769
2,300
2,993
Socioeconomic Data
Source: World Bank.
Table 6.3.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
335,772
366,406
422,379
502,470

Net Imports
291,816
24,926
48,512
90,809
115,528
173,362
Total PES
316,742
384,284
457,215
537,907
675,832
Coal
103,385
135,956
161,457
207,525
285,364
61,439
82,478
112,715
126,444
159,412
Oil
Gas
10,568
17,327
23,062
31,749
48,910
133,459
140,003
148,879
158,125
165,422
7,891
8,520
11,102
14,064
16,724
TPES/capita (toe)
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.49
0.58
300
284
254
214
195
70,260
76,051
87,099
105,225
136,023
Biomass
Others

Industry
Transportation
27,096
35,706
31,985
34,761
51,499
Other Sectors
154,338
174,203
199,494
218,251
261,749
Total FEC
251,694
285,960
318,578
358,237
449,271
Coal
41,808
38,373
33,462
42,705
74,152
Oil
52,575
72,574
95,694
102,931
128,974
Gas
5,636
8,401
9,686
14,948
21,214
Electricity
18,209
26,588
31,594
40,526
60,385
Biomass
133,458
140,003
148,107
157,031
164,278
21
35
96
268
Others
India
Figure 6.3.1

1990
Commercial
3.7%
2009
Others
8.7%
Commercial
3.3%
Industry
27.9%
Residential
48.9%
Transport
10.8%
Others
17.4%
Industry
30.3%
Residential
37.5%
251,694 ktoe
Transport
11.5%
449,271 ktoe

Figure 6.3.2

1990
2009
Others
0.1%
Others
0.0%
Coal
16.5%
Coal
16.6%
Biomass
53.0%
Oil
20.9%
Gas
2.2%
Electricity
7.2%
Biomass
36.6%
Oil
28.7%
Electricity
13.4%
Gas
4.7%
251,694 ktoe
449,271 ktoe
569
700,000
ktoe
570
600,000
Biomass 165,422
500,000
Hydro 9,194
Gas 48,910
Nuclear 4,857
400,000
Oil 159,412
300,000
Biomass 133,459
200,000
Gas 10,568
Oil 61,439
Nuclear 1,600
Hydro 6,162
Coal 285,364
100,000
Coal 103,385
0
1990
2009

Figure 6.3.4

1990
2009
Others
0.4%
Others
0.0%
Biomass
32.9%
Coal
35.9%
Biomass
45.7%
Coal
48.6%
Geothermal
0.0%
Oil
12.1%
Gas
3.6%
Geothermal
0.0%
Nuclear
0.5%
Nuclear
1.0%
Hydro
1.8%
Gas
7.7%
Oil
7.7%
Hydro
2.1%
291,816 ktoe
502,470 ktoe
India
Figure 6.3.5

1990
2009
Nuclear
2.1%
Hydro
24.8%
Nuclear
2.1%
Geothermal
0.0%
Hydro
11.9%
Geothermal
0.0%
Others
2.2%
Others
0.0%
Thermal
73.1%
Thermal
83.8%
289,438 GWh
899,389 GWh
Figure 6.3.6

1990
2009
Others
22.3%
Others
27.8%
Industry
49.9%
Commercial
5.3%
Residential
15.1%
Transport
1.9%
Industry
46.5%
Commercial
8.6%
Residential
20.8%
Transport
1.8%
211,733 GWh
702,151 GWh
571
Figure 6.3.7

1990
2009
Gas
5.2%
Gas
2.0%
Oil
23.3%
Oil
25.8%
Coal
71.5%
Coal
72.2%
170,673 kt C
445,386 kt C

Figure 6.3.8
19902009
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
ktoe
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
572
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
India
Figure 6.3.9
19902009
573

19902008
450,000
700,000
400,000
600,000
350,000
500,000
250,000
ktoe
ktoe
300,000
200,000
400,000
300,000
150,000
200,000
100,000
100,000
50,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Others
Oil
Gas
Hydro


Figure 6.3.11
19902009
Figure 6.3.12
19902009
Nuclear
Biomass
Others
1,000,000
600,000
900,000
500,000
800,000
700,000
400,000
GWh
ktoe
600,000
300,000
500,000
400,000
200,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro

Nuclear
Biomass
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
100,000
Thermal
Others
Hydro
Nuclear
Others
574
Figure 6.3.13
19902009

250,000
450,000
400,000
200,000
350,000
300,000
150,000
kt C
ktoe
250,000
200,000
100,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal



Figure 6.3.16
19902009
200
150
100
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
50
CO2 Emissions
Gas
1,400
700
1,200
600
1,000
500
800
400
600
300
400
200
200
100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
250
Oil
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
50,000
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
516,854
1,072
2,495
3,085
5,580
6,652
31,957
38,609
52
224
16,887
31
163,990
180,908
219,689
4,624
710
27,098
3.
4.
1,352
224
224
224
7,819
8,043
930
6,333
465
5,868
3,105
51
3,156
1,084
151,888
151,888
2,149
152,953
113,955
38,998
29,484
27,056
6,059
21,724
21,724
27,783
36,377
19,598
110,814
2,147
12,545
151,502
8,439
143,063
2,365
19,922
2,986
34,954
18,018
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
9,936
9,936
158
13,417
13,417
3,639
4,089
450
9,944
9,944
9,944
9,944
272
8,883
8,883
1,333
157
1,490
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,000
3,545
3,545
24,686
11,458
39,689
675
56,124
6,348
49,776
10,762
11,758
2,439
2,439
482
6,514
9,435
3,498
15,072
1,382
13,690
757
12
3,609
2,864
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
197,925
Coal
1.
India Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.3.3
75
11,780
11,780
11,855
408
12,263
317
7,134
7,134
2,365
2,447
127
2,574
LPG
4.5
4.6
29,484
27,056
1,273
1,218
29,547
473
12,545
50,872
709
50,163
8,544
2,970
15,214
9,640
Other
Petroleum
Products
62,394
8,703
141
367
367
508
937
6,368
16,516
4,167
14
12,809
12,795
33,478
7,989
25,489
Gas
5.
113,720
9,780
9,780
9,780
9,780
Hydro
6.
18,802
4,900
4,900
4,900
4,900
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
19
Solar
9.
8,690
748
748
747
747
Wind
10.
1,930
125,027
6,067
131,094
131,094
120
27,596
158,810
1,106
1,106
159,916
159,916
Biomass
11.
64,779
64,779
235
19
254
Electricity
13.
116
116
116
10,529
9,546
3,459
13,005
23,534
929
20,422
44,885
67
0 20,062
116
116
Others
12.
Heat
14.
753,245
35,759
17,917
159,383
12,611
171,994
189,911
38,363
113,760
377,793
1,077
37,928
10,554
386
17
137,460
148,417
216
564,999
4,624
2,986
35,734
170,470
437,873
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
India
575
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
11.
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
552,059
1,182
2,578
3,236
5,814
6,996
35,455
42,451
70
238
15,406
32
181,636
197,074
239,693
1,139
726
31,362
3.
4.
1,135
243
243
243
7,359
7,602
781
5,976
390
5,586
2,796
65
2,861
319
161,330
161,330
2,116
163,127
124,349
38,778
33,959
29,063
6,613
22,420
22,420
29,033
39,613
20,034
117,743
1,508
13,500
162,306
9,003
153,303
2,327
22,879
3,437
42,264
22,822
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
11,056
11,056
405
15,159
15,159
4,508
4,859
351
9,797
9,797
9,797
9,797
818
8,154
8,154
2,461
143
2,604
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
3,852
3,852
26,633
12,051
42,536
19
61,051
6,773
54,278
11,761
16
14,797
3,052
2,509
2,509
472
6,700
9,681
649
15,174
1,421
13,753
3,423
33
4,530
1,140
Fuel Oil
0
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Discrepancy
10.
14.1.1
Loss and Own Use
9.
Other Sectors
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Residential and
Commercial
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.
Refineries
8.3
14.1
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
210,196
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.3.4
252
12,623
12,623
12,875
868
13,743
337
7,605
7,605
2,327
3,474
112
3,586
LPG
4.5
4.6
33,959
29,063
1,452
415
30,930
802
13,500
55,163
809
54,354
9,122
3,388
17,823
12,089
Other
Petroleum
Products
75,437
9,844
132
32
32
164
1,385
4,813
16,206
4,651
15
14,854
14,839
35,696
9,638
26,058
Gas
5.
120,589
10,370
10,370
10,371
10,371
Hydro
6.
16,957
4,419
4,419
4,419
4,419
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
19
Solar
9.
11,796
1,015
1,015
1,014
1,014
Wind
10.
1,951
126,435
6,135
132,570
132,570
134
27,907
160,611
1,118
1,118
161,730
161,730
Biomass
11.
166
166
166
166
166
Others
12.
11,511
10,399
4,015
14,414
25,925
955
22,825
49,705
241
20,475
69,996
69,996
425
25
450
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
Total
211
596,560
1,139
3,437
43,080
191,482
452,734
813,902
38,907
19,604
162,107
13,386
175,493
195,097
42,087
118,393
394,484
1,360
39,645
9,430
976
17
0 152,811
0 161,282
15.
Unit: ktoe
576
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
581,376
3,460
2,595
3,394
5,989
9,449
41,122
50,571
1,632
218
15,581
34
189,619
205,234
257,655
3,688
755
37,008
3.
4.
1,147
232
232
232
5,157
5,389
789
6,205
394
5,811
366
901
1,267
909
166,184
166,184
2,220
169,313
130,974
38,339
34,148
27,654
6,777
22,629
22,629
29,406
43,609
21,978
122,647
636
13,685
168,154
10,391
157,763
2,443
23,238
3,464
38,386
18,612
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
12,045
12,045
294
17,142
17,142
5,391
5,816
425
9,732
9,732
9,732
9,732
305
8,602
8,602
1,435
81
1,516
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
2,828
4,053
4,053
29,464
14,367
47,884
1,417
65,667
7,768
57,899
11,432
19
14,241
2,454
2,454
676
6,556
9,686
1,238
16,979
1,390
15,589
4,665
122
5,696
1,153
Fuel Oil
0
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
225,090
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.3.5
270
12,897
12,897
13,167
608
13,775
653
7,904
7,904
2,443
2,775
123
2,898
LPG
4.5
4.6
34,148
27,654
1,424
447
29,525
1,457
13,685
51,860
1,233
50,627
5,960
3,323
12,429
9,792
Other
Petroleum
Products
81,927
8,939
127
84
84
211
1,992
4,119
15,261
4,723
15
15,616
15,601
35,585
9,302
26,283
Gas
5.
114,295
9,829
9,829
9,829
9,829
Hydro
6.
14,713
3,834
3,834
3,834
3,834
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
20
Solar
9.
13,740
1,182
1,182
1,182
1,182
Wind
10.
1,973
127,860
6,205
134,065
134,065
148
28,222
162,435
1,131
1,131
163,565
163,565
Biomass
11.
167
167
167
167
167
Others
12.
11,884
10,712
4,132
14,844
26,728
999
25,256
52,983
65
20,241
72,527
72,527
762
33
795
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
Total
223
619,022
3,688
3,464
40,075
197,958
468,291
843,339
36,593
22,415
164,112
13,731
177,843
200,258
46,748
125,854
409,453
3,240
39,656
9,376
1,970
19
0 159,471
0 166,896
15.
Unit: ktoe
India
577
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
11.
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
615,454
18,295
2,621
3,560
6,181
24,476
43,199
67,675
2,625
204
15,447
36
197,942
213,425
283,929
5,005
1,145
45,902
3.
4.
1,130
244
244
244
6,233
6,477
777
6,207
388
5,819
1,435
47
1,482
6,527
192,457
192,457
2,305
201,289
162,762
38,527
26,099
26,339
7,204
23,695
23,695
30,899
48,276
23,460
128,974
115
13,335
192,614
10,848
181,766
2,535
41,877
3,609
52,967
14,699
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
13,716
13,716
383
24,133
24,133
10,034
10,446
412
9,733
9,733
9,733
9,733
490
9,241
9,241
982
48
1,030
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
4,464
4,464
32,451
15,822
52,737
1,560
76,242
8,555
67,687
16,510
37
19,091
2,618
2,447
2,447
630
6,538
9,615
1,814
17,172
1,386
15,786
4,357
122
4,967
732
Fuel Oil
0
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Discrepancy
10.
14.1.1
Loss and Own Use
9.
Other Sectors
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Residential and
Commercial
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.
Refineries
8.3
14.1
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
244,177
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.3.6
293
13,962
13,962
14,255
658
14,913
2,040
7,360
7,360
2,535
2,978
148
3,126
LPG
4.5
4.6
26,099
26,339
1,479
442
28,260
1,028
13,335
58,466
907
57,559
14,936
3,450
18,267
6,781
Other
Petroleum
Products
111,206
12,529
138
22
22
160
1,992
6,533
21,214
4,497
16
23,214
23,198
48,910
10,429
38,481
Gas
5.
106,909
9,194
9,194
9,194
9,194
Hydro
6.
18,636
4,857
4,857
4,857
4,857
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
27
Solar
9.
17,933
1,542
1,542
1,542
1,542
Wind
10.
1,995
129,300
6,274
135,574
135,574
164
28,540
164,278
1,144
1,144
165,422
165,422
Biomass
11.
268
268
268
268
268
Others
12.
13,485
12,563
5,212
17,775
31,260
1,067
28,058
60,385
6,044
23,867
77,347
77,347
861
45
906
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
Total
230
675,832
5,005
3,609
54,204
236,180
502,470
899,389
38,868
39,390
168,445
15,046
183,491
222,881
51,499
136,023
449,271
3,224
42,680
9,240
157
20
0 171,784
0 180,887
15.
Unit: ktoe
578
126
9,367
21,979
251,694
Total
122,992
Residential
Others
27,096
Commercial
70,260
Industry
Transport
316,742
Others
Total
133,459
Biomass
Wind
1,600
Nuclear
6,162
Hydro
10,568
Gas
Solar
61,439
Oil
Geothermal
103,385
Coal
291,816
Others
Total
133,459
Biomass
Wind
1,600
Nuclear
6,162
Hydro
10,568
Gas
Solar
35,323
Oil
Geothermal
104,693
Coal
1990
118
259,441
24,071
10,023
125,048
28,462
71,837
265,626
25,250
9,941
127,055
29,685
73,695
342,627
137
329,488
137,145
1,753
6,010
13,341
66,786
117,466
306,202
15
137,145
1,753
6,010
13,341
30,180
117,750
1992
135,289
1,440
6,259
11,954
63,555
110,851
301,567
12
135,289
1,440
6,259
11,954
33,301
113,309
1991
267,424
25,432
9,649
128,558
30,399
73,386
350,463
141
137,891
1,407
6,061
13,526
68,784
122,644
309,856
17
137,891
1,407
6,061
13,526
30,410
120,535
1993
India Summary Table, 19902009
Table 6.3.7
277,800
28,291
10,172
130,752
31,952
76,633
364,049
141
138,637
17
1,472
7,115
14,352
73,019
129,296
321,067
19
138,637
17
1,472
7,115
14,352
35,696
123,759
1994
285,960
31,097
10,330
132,776
35,706
76,051
384,284
152
140,003
45
2,080
6,243
17,327
82,478
135,956
335,772
21
140,003
45
2,080
6,243
17,327
39,237
130,816
1995
290,140
32,892
10,626
134,645
28,000
83,977
396,679
156
141,339
79
2,364
5,928
17,652
87,314
141,846
342,260
23
141,339
79
2,364
5,928
17,652
37,037
137,837
1996
301,799
36,690
11,279
137,607
28,583
87,640
412,206
115
142,788
89
2,628
6,421
20,318
92,297
147,549
353,068
24
142,788
89
2,628
6,421
20,318
38,232
142,567
1997
302,462
33,833
9,470
140,627
29,715
88,817
422,256
128
144,232
97
3,107
7,138
21,279
99,917
146,357
351,942
32
144,232
97
3,107
7,138
21,279
37,266
138,790
1998
312,429
37,521
10,209
142,859
31,303
90,537
448,345
150
146,745
130
3,453
6,953
22,987
110,807
157,119
359,445
34
146,745
130
3,453
6,953
22,987
37,238
141,904
1999
318,578
44,629
10,233
144,632
31,985
87,099
457,215
147
148,879
145
4,405
6,404
23,062
112,715
161,457
366,406
35
148,879
145
4,405
6,404
23,062
37,240
146,235
2000
317,538
42,401
10,495
145,987
31,896
86,759
464,502
150
150,865
193
5,075
6,338
23,209
112,785
165,886
374,523
39
150,865
193
5,075
6,338
23,209
36,992
151,811
2001
329,054
46,291
11,008
148,533
32,911
90,311
477,506
157
152,604
231
5,053
5,513
25,167
117,275
171,505
383,621
41
152,604
231
5,053
5,513
25,167
38,256
156,755
2002
335,251
49,679
11,523
150,610
33,536
89,903
489,494
196
154,435
309
4,634
6,479
25,871
122,163
175,406
396,350
51
154,435
309
4,634
6,479
25,584
38,563
166,294
2003
348,725
51,781
11,393
154,334
34,887
96,330
518,638
210
156,269
386
4,433
7,286
28,385
125,295
196,372
409,453
64
156,269
386
4,433
7,286
25,475
39,141
176,397
2004
358,237
50,157
12,033
156,061
34,761
105,225
537,907
230
158,125
568
4,515
8,749
31,749
126,444
207,525
422,379
96
158,125
568
4,515
8,749
25,931
37,143
187,250
2005
377,793
53,676
12,611
159,383
38,363
113,760
564,999
351
159,916
747
4,900
9,780
33,478
133,031
222,794
437,873
116
159,916
747
4,900
9,780
25,489
38,998
197,925
2006
394,484
58,511
13,386
162,107
42,087
118,393
596,560
591
161,730
1,014
4,419
10,371
35,696
140,248
242,489
452,734
166
161,730
1,014
4,419
10,371
26,058
38,778
210,196
2007
449,271
78,258
15,046
168,445
51,499
136,023
675,832
1,129
165,422
1,542
4,857
9,194
48,910
159,412
285,364
502,470
268
165,422
1,542
4,857
9,194
38,481
38,527
244,177
2009
409,453
59,008
13,731
164,112
46,748
125,854
619,022
929
163,565
1,182
3,834
9,829
35,585
146,075
258,021
468,291
167
163,565
1,182
3,834
9,829
26,283
38,339
225,090
2008
India
579
1990
5,636
18,209
Gas
Electricity
Others
79,081
Total
3,461
62,629
Gas
Total
123,272
44,022
3,380
170,673
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
4,420
3,592
Oil
181,801
4,181
45,588
132,032
69,694
3,515
55,576
Coal
61,759
85,093
22,558
Own Use
23,651
56,523
61,442
315,631
39
5,525
72,775
237,292
259,441
12
135,290
19,952
5,742
54,753
43,692
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
289,438
32
Wind
Total
Solar
6,141
Nuclear
71,656
Hydro
Geothermal
211,609
Thermal
251,694
Others
Total
133,458
Biomass
52,575
Oil
Heat
41,808
Coal
191,134
4,574
47,293
139,267
76,054
4,795
3,674
67,585
86,558
24,988
61,570
332,713
88
6,726
69,886
256,013
265,626
15
137,145
21,273
6,961
56,782
43,450
1992
198,316
4,861
48,859
144,596
83,550
4,735
3,442
75,373
91,733
26,721
65,012
356,335
99
5,398
70,478
280,360
267,424
17
137,892
22,880
6,906
59,088
40,641
1993
210,359
5,150
53,218
151,991
87,303
5,166
3,698
78,439
97,488
27,919
69,570
385,438
200
5,648
82,727
296,863
277,800
19
138,637
24,887
7,341
64,338
42,578
1994
224,885
6,817
58,654
159,415
100,475
6,783
3,954
89,738
109,977
30,616
79,360
417,624
529
7,982
72,596
336,516
285,960
21
140,003
26,588
8,401
72,574
38,373
1995
236,648
6,994
62,993
166,660
110,304
6,979
6,737
96,588
123,302
32,198
91,105
436,736
922
9,071
68,930
357,807
290,140
23
141,339
27,088
8,506
74,937
38,247
1996
248,108
8,043
65,997
174,068
114,398
8,131
6,882
99,385
132,616
34,698
97,919
465,812
1,037
10,083
74,661
380,025
301,799
24
142,787
28,746
9,260
79,353
41,629
1997
251,269
8,595
69,615
173,059
120,048
9,393
6,970
103,685
147,128
35,640
111,488
496,929
1,127
11,922
83,003
400,871
302,462
32
144,232
30,180
8,673
83,089
36,256
1998
268,947
9,190
75,932
183,825
129,933
9,557
7,272
113,104
178,349
38,186
140,163
536,609
971
1,509
13,249
80,853
440,021
312,429
34
146,188
30,912
9,447
90,191
35,657
1999
274,344
9,129
76,514
188,701
138,658
9,253
9,154
120,251
194,767
39,698
155,070
561,248
1,347
1,684
16,902
74,462
466,846
318,578
35
148,107
31,594
9,686
95,694
33,462
2000
278,120
9,677
75,274
193,169
143,167
9,798
8,197
125,172
207,570
41,453
166,116
579,860
1,820
2,241
12
19,475
73,697
482,615
317,538
39
149,823
32,065
9,007
93,380
33,224
2001
287,269
10,721
77,297
199,251
145,779
11,039
8,599
126,141
206,244
43,360
162,884
597,293
1,840
2,687
14
19,390
64,104
509,258
329,054
41
151,549
33,683
9,663
97,695
36,423
2002
294,193
11,295
79,215
203,683
152,342
12,059
8,727
131,556
219,047
45,012
174,035
634,037
1,863
3,590
17
17,780
75,339
535,448
335,251
51
153,367
35,769
9,799
100,957
35,308
2003
319,187
13,180
80,526
225,481
166,807
12,892
8,545
145,370
222,535
47,000
175,535
666,646
1,885
4,490
19
17,011
84,723
558,518
348,725
64
155,187
38,274
11,413
104,458
39,329
2004
331,246
15,587
79,225
236,434
172,764
12,636
8,024
152,104
227,791
47,686
180,105
698,242
1,908
6,603
19
17,324
101,730
570,658
358,237
96
157,031
40,526
14,948
102,931
42,705
2005
355,274
15,877
85,556
253,841
185,703
12,809
8,439
164,455
233,279
50,233
183,047
753,245
1,930
8,690
19
18,802
113,720
610,084
377,793
116
158,810
44,885
16,516
110,814
46,652
2006
382,288
16,569
90,692
275,027
205,883
14,854
9,003
182,026
238,081
52,570
185,512
813,902
1,951
11,796
19
16,957
120,589
662,590
394,484
166
160,611
49,705
16,206
117,743
50,053
2007
445,386
23,313
103,633
318,439
232,392
23,214
10,848
198,330
404,086
17,077
97,286
289,722
216,020
15,616
10,391
190,013
277,523
57,663
55,035
235,360
219,860
899,389
1,995
17,933
27
18,636
106,909
753,889
449,271
268
164,278
60,385
21,214
128,974
74,152
2009
180,326
843,339
1,973
13,740
20
14,713
114,295
698,598
409,453
167
162,435
52,983
15,261
122,647
55,960
2008
580
317,467
374
13.8
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
665
0.21
249
631
0.20
0.54
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
245,553
288,353
25.9
882,821
1992
276,037
302,101
26.2
899,329
1993
323,506
322,203
26.4
915,697
1994
356,299
346,591
26.6
932,180
1995
388,344
372,784
26.8
948,759
1996
410,915
387,899
27.0
965,428
1997
416,252
411,923
27.3
982,182
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
450,476
442,353
27.5
460,182
460,182
27.7
477,849
484,189
27.9
507,190
502,428
28.1
599,461
544,486
28.3
999,016 1,015,923 1,032,473 1,048,641 1,064,399
1999
0.56
0.22
663
280
54.8
10.6
921
1,188
0.30
0.39
13.1
278
327
0.57
0.22
656
296
55.8
11.6
885
1,160
0.30
0.39
13.5
307
336
0.58
0.23
653
316
51.1
11.8
862
1,130
0.30
0.40
14.1
353
352
0.59
0.24
649
332
52.4
12.6
825
1,109
0.31
0.41
15.1
382
372
0.60
0.25
635
332
57.6
13.7
778
1,064
0.31
0.42
15.4
409
393
0.60
0.26
640
346
58.6
14.3
778
1,063
0.31
0.43
14.8
426
402
0.60
0.26
610
357
62.7
16.7
734
1,025
0.31
0.43
14.4
424
419
0.60
0.27
608
360
66.4
19.8
706
1,014
0.31
0.45
13.8
451
443
0.60
0.27
596
362
67.0
19.9
692
994
0.31
0.45
14.3
453
453
0.60
0.27
574
361
67.2
19.4
656
959
0.31
0.45
10
13.9
463
469
0.60
0.27
572
374
67.4
19.7
655
950
0.31
0.46
11
14.3
484
479
0.60
0.28
540
391
68.4
19.0
616
899
0.31
0.46
13
14.1
563
512
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
28.7
834,036
644,500
29.0
29.3
773,393
29.5
811,540
29.8
885,430
951,339 1,242,426 1,215,993 1,377,265
704,256
0.62
0.30
541
412
68.8
21.1
592
880
0.32
0.48
13
14.2
668
546
0.62
0.30
514
431
70.6
21.5
556
835
0.33
0.49
14
14.3
762
589
0.63
0.32
504
470
70.7
22.5
536
802
0.34
0.51
15
14.9
857
635
0.64
0.34
494
514
72.4
24.1
510
771
0.35
0.53
16
15.0
1,105
688
0.65
0.35
498
541
73.8
24.3
505
763
0.36
0.54
16
14.9
1,067
712
0.66
0.39
503
608
75.8
25.7
507
763
0.39
0.58
17
14.8
1,192
766
2,302,695 2,517,282 2,750,680 3,020,714 3,169,707 3,458,307
721,573
589,559
28.5
1,079,721 1,094,583 1,109,811 1,124,787 1,139,965 1,155,348
2004
0.55
268
47.6
8.5
949
7.9
930
2000 $ million)
1,205
42.5
1,171
2000 $ million)
0.30
0.38
0.30
13.4
309
315
0.37
318
2000 $)

persons)
267,524
273,372
25.7
866,530
1991
1,056,496 1,067,733 1,126,248 1,179,943 1,258,458 1,353,714 1,456,017 1,515,052 1,608,887 1,727,741 1,797,376 1,891,143 1,962,379 2,126,648
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
270,495
25.5
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
849,515
Urban Population, %
1990
India
581
6.4 Maldives
300
312
1.2
100.0

Sources ADB (2012), SAARC (2010), and World Bank.
Oil: 306
Imports: 306

249
Loss and Own Use: 3
Electricity: 21
Oil: 227
582
Others: 11
Residential: 11
Transport: 226
Transformation
Losses: 41
Maldives
Table 6.4.1
583

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Socioeconomic Data
219
249
273
295
308
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
0.8
1.2
1.5
2.4
1,690
2,285
2,759
4,038
3,198
4,323
5,221
7,640
Source: World Bank.
Table 6.4.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2008

Net Imports
48
85
158
212
292
Total PES
48
85
158
212
292
Coal
48
85
158
212
292
Oil
Gas
Biomass
Others
0.22
0.34
0.58
0.72
0.95
107
134
137
124
Transportation
37
74
126
165
226
Other Sectors
13
16
23
Total FEC
43
79
139
181
249
Coal
TPES/capita (toe)
Industry
Oil
41
74
131
166
227
Gas
Electricity
15
21
Biomass
Others
584
Figure 6.4.1

1990
2008
Residential
4.4%
Others
4.6%
Residential
12.9%
Transport
87.1%
Transport
91.0%
43 ktoe
249 ktoe

Figure 6.4.2

1990
2008
Electricity
8.6%
Electricity
4.2%
Oil
95.8%
43 ktoe
Oil
91.4%
249 ktoe
Maldives
300
250
ktoe
200
150
Oil 292
100
50
Oil 48
0
1990
2008

Figure 6.4.4

1990
2008
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
100.0%
24 GWh
280 GWh
585
586
Figure 6.4.5

1990
2008
Others
14.3%
Residential
46.0%
Others
52.8%
Commercial
14.3%
Residential
71.4%
Commercial
1.2%
21 GWh
250 GWh
Figure 6.4.6

1990
Oil
100.0%
39 kt C
2008
Oil
100.0%
246 kt C
Maldives
Figure 6.4.8
19902008
250
250
200
200
200
200
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
Thermal
Oil
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
50
1993
50
1992
100
1991
100
1990
Electricity
150
1990
150
2008
250
2007
250
2008
300
GWh
300
2006
Figure 6.4.10
19902008
2007

19902008
ktoe

2006
Oil


1997
1996
1995
1994
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Others
1997
Residential
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
50
1992
50
1991
100
1993
150
100
Transport
1992
150
1991
ktoe
300
1990
300
1990
ktoe
Figure 6.4.7
19902008
587
588
Figure 6.4.11
19902008

70
250
60
200
50
150
kt C
ktoe
40
30
100
20
50
Oil


Figure 6.4.14
19902008
200
150
100
TPES
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
50
CO2 Emissions
300
300
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
350
TFEC
2008
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

250
GDP
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
Oil

1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
10
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
185
165
166
45
45
212
13
225
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
20
20
20
20
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
185
145
145
45
45
191
191
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Maldives Energy Balance Table, 2005
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.4.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
13
13
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
15
15
16
16
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
185
16
165
181
29
29
212
13
225
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Maldives
589
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
212
214
218
53
53
271
18
288
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
24
24
24
24
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
212
190
190
53
53
243
243
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.4.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
18
18
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
16
16
18
18
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
212
12
12
20
214
234
35
35
271
18
288
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
590
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
245
225
226
59
59
285
13
299
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
29
29
29
29
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
245
196
196
59
59
255
255
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.4.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
13
13
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
10
19
19
21
21
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
245
10
10
10
20
225
245
38
38
285
13
299
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Maldives
591
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
280
226
227
65
65
292
13
306
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
32
32
32
32
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
280
195
195
65
65
260
260
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.4.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
13
13
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
11
10
10
21
21
24
24
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
280
11
11
11
23
226
249
41
41
292
13
306
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
592
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
48
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
37
43
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
48
Coal
Coal
1990
49
47
71
68
80
54
80
1992
54
1991
63
60
68
68
1993
65
61
70
70
1994
Maldives Summary Table, 19902009
Table 6.4.7
79
74
85
85
1995
84
79
100
100
1996
102
97
116
116
1997
92
86
105
105
1998
131
120
148
148
1999
139
126
158
158
2000
146
136
173
173
2001
190
177
215
215
2002
161
10
145
185
185
2003
205
14
184
233
233
2004
181
165
212
212
2005
234
12
214
271
271
2006
245
10
10
225
285
285
2007
2009
249
11
11
226
292
292
2008
Maldives
593
1990
41
43
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
24
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
39
39
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
45
45
Coal
Own Use
Total
28
28
49
47
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
24
Thermal
Coal
64
64
30
30
71
68
1992
57
57
40
40
63
60
1993
59
59
46
46
65
61
1994
74
74
13
13
57
57
79
74
1995
80
80
15
15
63
63
84
79
1996
97
97
18
18
10
10
71
71
102
97
1997
88
88
18
18
12
12
82
82
92
86
1998
122
122
21
21
13
13
93
93
131
124
1999
131
131
24
24
13
13
104
104
139
131
2000
141
141
31
31
18
18
116
116
146
137
2001
180
180
35
35
14
14
126
126
190
181
2002
156
156
36
36
10
10
141
141
161
11
150
2003
196
196
41
41
16
16
160
160
205
13
193
2004
178
178
45
45
16
16
185
185
181
15
166
2005
228
228
53
53
21
21
212
212
234
16
218
2006
240
240
59
59
26
26
245
245
245
19
226
2007
246
246
65
65
0
30
2009
30
280
280
249
21
227
2008
594
980
2000 $)
GDP - Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
0.81
0.80
0.28
121
100.0
100.0
0.30
0.35
1,229
285
25.7
232
1992
0.84
0.24
160
100.0
100.0
0.27
0.29
1,357
322
25.7
238
1993
0.84
0.24
181
100.0
100.0
0.27
0.29
1,463
356
25.6
243
1994
0.86
0.30
175
201
100.0
100.0
187
203
0.32
0.34
7.9
1,604
1,690
795
399
420
25.6
249
1995
0.80
0.31
174
213
100.0
100.0
183
218
0.33
0.39
7.2
1,773
1,805
868
450
458
26.0
254
1996
0.84
0.37
191
236
100.0
100.0
201
229
0.39
0.45
7.6
1,962
1,954
958
508
506
26.4
259
1997
0.84
0.33
159
265
100.0
100.0
166
188
0.35
0.40
7.7
2,047
2,106
1,052
540
556
26.9
264
1998
0.83
0.46
206
298
100.0
100.0
220
248
0.49
0.55
8.0
2,194
2,219
1,128
589
596
27.3
269
1999
0.83
0.48
210
333
100.0
100.0
223
253
0.51
0.58
8.0
2,285
2,285
1,181
624
624
27.7
273
2000
0.81
0.51
218
371
100.0
100.0
225
268
0.52
0.62
8.1
2,838
2,325
1,222
788
646
28.9
278
2001
0.84
0.64
263
390
100.0
100.0
278
314
0.67
0.76
15
7.9
2,885
2,427
1,296
814
685
30.2
282
2002
0.84
0.54
196
453
100.0
100.0
202
233
0.56
0.65
15
8.0
3,252
2,775
1,505
932
795
31.4
287
2003
0.84
0.67
223
515
100.0
100.0
234
266
0.71
0.80
15
8.3
3,639
3,014
1,660
1,059
877
32.7
291
2004
0.84
0.60
219
579
100.0
100.0
222
260
0.61
0.72
14
8.7
3,318
2,759
1,542
980
815
33.9
295
2005
0.84
0.76
230
635
100.0
100.0
237
274
0.78
0.90
14
7.7
4,283
3,304
1,872
1,282
989
35.2
299
2006
0.84
0.79
216
718
100.0
100.0
221
257
0.81
0.94
14
7.2
4,977
3,654
2,099
1,511
1,109
36.5
304
2007
0.84
0.80
198
813
100.0
100.0
200
235
0.81
0.95
15
6.5
5,818
4,038
2,350
1,790
1,242
37.9
308
2008
15
5.9
5,587
3,727
2,198
1,742
1,162
39.2
312
2009
0.84
0.20
0.18
CO2/capita (t C)
115
100.0
100.0
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
100.0
100.0
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
0.22
0.24
96
0.19
1,083
person)
0.22
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
244
215
25.8
226
1991

million)
219
25.8
Urban Population, %
1990
Maldives
595
6.5 Nepal

147,180
1.0
29,433
7.7
43.6

Sources: ADB (2012), IEA (2011c), Word Bank, and WEC (2010).
Coal: 185
Hydro: 267
Biomass: 8,545
Coal: 10
Imports: 185

Transformation: 283
Transformation
Losses: 18
(Discrepancy: 22)
Imports: 1,031
Oil: 978
Electricity: 53
265
SECONDARY
COMMODITIES: 1,296
1,135
(Discrepancy: 3)
8,746
Biomass: 8,552
Electricity: 228
Oil: 907
Coal: 194
Exports: 6
596
Commercial: 155
Others: 118
Residential: 8,683
Transport: 572
Industry: 353
Nepal
Table 6.5.1
597

1990
1995
19,081
21,595
3.4
2000
2005
2009
24,401
27,282
29,433
4.3
5.5
6.5
7.7
13.5
17.4
22.0
26.0
30.8
177
201
225
238
261
709
807
903
954
1,047
Socioeconomic Data

Source: World Bank.
Table 6.5.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Net Imports
Total PES
Coal
Oil
Gas
Biomass
Others
5,500
6,139
7,138
8,152
8,822
289
574
969
980
1,139
5,789
6,713
8,107
9,132
9,961
49
74
258
248
195
244
501
712
724
907
5,425
6,039
6,988
7,929
8,545
71
99
149
231
314
TPES/capita (toe)
0.30
0.31
0.33
0.33
0.34
428
385
368
351
323

Industry
105
161
378
408
353
Transportation
110
203
270
276
572
Other Sectors
5,545
6,303
7,391
8,367
8,956
Total FEC
5,760
6,667
8,039
9,051
9,881
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
Others
42
74
258
246
194
241
481
691
720
907
52
73
112
169
228
5,425
6,039
6,978
7,916
8,552
598
Figure 6.5.1

2009
1990
Commercial
0.7%
Commercial
1.6%
Others
0.7%
Industry
1.8%
Transport
1.9%
Residential
94.9%
Others
1.2%
Industry
3.6%
Transport
5.8%
Residential
87.9%
9,881 ktoe
5,760 ktoe
Figure 6.5.2

2009
1990
Coal
2.0%
Coal
0.7%
Oil
4.2%
Oil
9.2%
Electricity
0.9%
Biomass
94.2%
5,760 ktoe
Biomass
86.5%
9,881 ktoe
Electricity
2.3%
Nepal

12,000
Others 47
10,000
8,000
6,000
ktoe
Biomass 8,545
4,000
Biomass 5,425
2,000
Oil 244
Oil 907
Coal 195
Coal 49
Others 4
2,000
1990
2009

Figure 6.5.4

2009
1990
Coal
0.1%
Hydro
3.0%
Coal
0.0%
Hydro
1.4%
Biomass
98.6%
Biomass
96.9%
5,500 ktoe
8,822 ktoe
599
600
Figure 6.5.5

2009
1990
Thermal
0.4%
Thermal
0.1%
Hydro
99.9%
Hydro
99.6%
878 GWh
3,119 GWh
Figure 6.5.6

2009
1990
Others
3.9%
Others
3.8%
Commercial
14.0%
Commercial
17.3%
Industry
38.2%
Industry
34.6%
Residential
44.2%
Transport
0.0%
Residential
43.4%
Transport
0.4%
605 GWh
2,651 GWh
Nepal
Figure 6.5.7

2009
1990
Coal
22.0%
Coal
18.7%
Oil
81.3%
Oil
78.0%
243 kt C
951 kt C

Figure 6.5.8
19902009
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
ktoe
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
601
602
Figure 6.5.9
19902009

19902009
12,000
10,000
9,000
10,000
8,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
ktoe
ktoe
6,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
0
2,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Electricity
Biomass

Figure 6.5.11
19902009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,000
Coal
Oil
Hydro
Biomass
Others

Figure 6.5.12
19902009
3,500
9,000
8,000
3,000
7,000
2,500
2,000
5,000
GWh
ktoe
6,000
4,000
1,500
3,000
1,000
2,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Hydro

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
500
1,000
Biomass
Thermal
Hydro
Nepal
Figure 6.5.13
19902009
603

30
1,000
900
25
800
700
20
kt C
ktoe
600
15
500
400
10
300
200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
Oil
Coal


Figure 6.5.16
19902009
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
CO2 Emissions
2,000
180
1,800
160
1,600
140
1,400
120
1,200
100
1,000
80
800
60
600
40
400
20
200
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009

Oil
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
100
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
146
147
3.
4.
13
68
209
61
270
338
291
35
664
10
658
56
714
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
81
81
81
81
144
19
163
163
171
169
169
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
68
68
206
278
272
272
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
155
143
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
12
Coal
1.
Nepal Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.5.3
65
42
107
107
111
111
111
LPG
4.5
4.6
22
22
21
56
77
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
2,735
235
235
235
235
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
7,959
44
8,003
8,003
52
8,055
21
13
13
8,047
8,047
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
79
27
106
111
73
185
73
236
236
21
28
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
2,748
73
8,248
132
8,380
8,453
292
306
9,051
24
73
13
16
9,116
56
885
8,294
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
604
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
196
197
3.
4.
56
178
60
238
294
299
14
607
608
60
668
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
80
80
80
80
113
15
128
128
134
133
133
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
56
56
215
275
275
275
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
196
188
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.5.4
65
45
110
110
114
114
114
LPG
4.5
4.6
60
63
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
2,783
240
240
239
239
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
8,124
47
8,171
8,171
51
8,222
21
14
14
8,215
8,215
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
83
29
112
118
77
196
76
240
240
32
37
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
2,792
62
8,386
136
8,522
8,584
300
338
9,222
25
76
14
17
9,290
60
893
8,462
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Nepal
605
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
184
185
3.
4.
83
127
63
190
273
438
17
728
21
752
60
812
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
99
99
99
99
51
59
59
61
61
61
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
83
83
334
422
22
444
444
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
185
176
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.5.5
76
55
131
131
136
136
136
LPG
4.5
4.6
10
10
10
60
70
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
2,803
241
241
241
241
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
8,300
49
8,349
8,349
51
8,400
21
14
14
8,393
8,393
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
81
27
108
115
73
188
80
242
242
27
31
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
2,812
90
8,509
139
8,648
8,738
438
325
9,501
80
14
16
9,598
60
1,019
8,643
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
606
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
193
194
3.
4.
13
109
133
73
206
315
571
21
907
907
71
978
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
130
130
130
130
40
46
46
48
47
47
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
109
109
435
552
551
551
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
195
185
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
10
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.5.6
93
67
160
160
166
166
166
LPG
4.5
4.6
11
11
11
71
82
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
3,106
268
268
267
267
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
8,450
50
8,500
8,500
52
8,552
22
15
15
8,545
8,545
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
99
32
131
140
87
228
87
269
269
47
53
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,119
118
8,683
155
8,838
8,956
572
353
9,881
25
87
15
18
9,961
71
1,216
8,822
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Nepal
607
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
105
110
5,464
43
38
5,760
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Wind
5,789
Solar
Others
Geothermal
Total
Nuclear
5,425
Hydro
Biomass
75
Gas
49
244
Oil
5,500
Coal
Total
75
Hydro
5,425
Gas
Others
Oil
Biomass
Coal
1990
5,945
48
42
5,601
131
123
6,077
53
46
5,736
143
99
6,122
5,976
5,662
72
351
34
5,734
5,662
72
1992
5,542
77
298
61
5,619
5,542
77
1991
6,248
57
49
5,871
157
114
6,285
5,783
75
389
33
5,858
5,783
75
1993
Nepal Summary Table, 19902009
Table 6.5.7
6,471
67
54
6,016
181
153
6,508
5,909
80
444
68
5,989
5,909
80
1994
6,667
73
59
6,171
203
161
6,713
6,039
100
501
74
6,139
6,039
100
1995
6,831
75
65
6,330
209
152
6,872
6,171
102
534
61
6,273
6,171
102
1996
7,042
85
69
6,496
240
152
7,094
12
6,306
91
623
62
6,397
6,306
91
1997
7,222
90
74
6,647
252
159
7,278
14
6,445
97
660
62
6,542
6,445
97
1998
7,599
91
79
6,824
253
352
7,680
12
6,586
121
720
241
6,707
6,586
121
1999
8,039
96
97
7,198
270
378
8,107
6,988
140
712
258
7,138
6,988
140
10
2000
8,315
91
112
7,439
246
427
8,375
7,173
159
740
295
7,338
7,173
159
2001
8,402
93
130
7,648
259
272
8,469
7,429
182
724
137
7,618
7,429
182
2002
8,646
91
140
7,846
257
312
8,707
7,594
195
749
174
7,795
7,594
195
2003
8,772
74
154
7,958
275
311
8,832
11
7,757
207
703
154
7,969
7,757
207
2004
9,051
74
165
8,128
276
408
9,132
15
7,929
216
724
248
8,152
7,929
216
2005
9,051
73
132
8,248
292
306
9,116
21
8,047
235
658
155
8,294
8,047
235
12
2006
9,222
62
136
8,386
300
338
9,290
32
8,215
239
608
196
8,462
8,215
239
2007
9,881
118
155
8,683
572
353
9,961
47
8,545
267
907
195
8,822
8,545
267
10
2009
9,501
90
139
8,509
438
325
9,598
27
8,393
241
752
185
8,643
8,393
241
2008
608
1990
Heat
878
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
233
Total
Gas
Total
45
198
243
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
306
242
64
Coal
244
70
Own Use
70
163
174
932
900
32
5,945
5,543
56
287
59
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
877
Hydro
5,760
Thermal
Total
52
Electricity
Others
Gas
5,425
241
Oil
Biomass
42
Coal
311
283
28
14
14
256
70
186
886
839
47
6,077
5,661
58
332
26
1992
355
320
35
17
17
279
81
198
933
871
62
6,248
5,783
61
372
32
1993
441
367
75
22
22
302
81
221
1,010
929
81
6,471
5,909
67
426
69
1994
481
401
80
10
10
326
93
233
1,196
1,159
37
6,667
6,039
73
481
74
1995
499
433
66
10
10
360
105
256
1,221
1,181
40
6,831
6,172
78
520
61
1996
572
506
66
27
27
326
58
267
1,169
1,062
107
7,042
6,306
85
590
61
1997
600
533
67
29
29
360
81
279
1,250
1,131
119
7,222
6,445
91
624
62
1998
819
559
259
16
16
430
105
326
1,478
1,411
67
7,599
6,586
102
671
240
1999
845
566
279
453
105
349
1,659
1,632
27
8,039
6,978
112
691
258
2000
913
595
319
512
116
395
1,867
1,849
18
8,315
7,161
125
734
295
2001
727
579
148
558
140
419
2,123
2,119
8,402
7,415
133
717
137
2002
792
603
189
558
116
442
2,267
2,263
8,646
7,580
142
749
175
2003
752
585
167
674
23
651
2,418
2,404
14
8,772
7,744
162
711
155
2004
857
591
266
756
35
721
2,533
2,517
16
9,051
7,916
169
720
246
2005
703
544
159
849
35
814
2,748
2,735
13
9,051
8,055
185
664
147
2006
707
494
213
884
35
849
2,792
2,783
9,222
8,222
196
607
197
2007
951
741
210
795
595
200
1,012
35
35
930
977
3,119
3,106
13
9,881
8,552
228
907
194
2009
895
2,812
2,803
9,501
8,400
188
728
185
2008
Nepal
609
1,715
1,706
5.0
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
0.04
0.05
0.02
85
33
100.0
6.0
1,656
1,664
0.30
0.31
6.2
0.05
0.02
83
34
100.0
6.3
1,626
1,638
0.30
0.31
7.8
170
187
14,986
3,401
3,738
9.7
20,043
1992
0.06
0.02
91
35
100.0
6.8
1,609
1,619
0.30
0.31
8 .0
178
189
15,563
3,660
3,882
10.1
20,546
1993
0.07
0.02
105
37
100.0
8.0
1,540
1,549
0.31
0.31
8.3
193
199
16,842
4,067
4,201
10.5
21,064
1994
0.07
0.02
111
39
100.0
8.6
1,534
1,544
0.31
0.31
8.2
204
201
17,426
4,401
4,347
10.9
21,595
1995
0.07
0.02
109
41
100.0
8.7
1,492
1,501
0.31
0.31
8.5
204
207
18,355
4,522
4,579
11.4
22,138
1996
0.08
0.03
119
44
100.0
9.8
1,464
1,475
0.31
0.31
8.7
217
212
19,281
4,919
4,810
11.9
22,692
1997
0.08
0.03
121
46
100.0
10.1
1,458
1,469
0.31
0.31
8.7
209
213
19,863
4,856
4,955
12.4
23,255
1998
0.11
0.03
158
50
100.0
12.7
1,469
1,484
0.32
0.32
8.8
211
217
20,740
5,034
5,173
12.9
23,825
1999
0.10
0.03
154
53
100.0
12.0
1,463
1,476
0.33
0.33
8.8
225
225
22,025
5,494
5,494
13.4
24,401
2000
0.11
0.04
159
58
100.0
12.4
1,444
1,455
0.33
0.34
8.7
240
231
23,083
6,007
5,758
13.9
24,980
2001
0.09
0.03
126
61
100.0
10.0
1,457
1,469
0.33
0.33
8.3
237
226
23,110
6,051
5,765
14.4
25,563
2002
0.09
0.03
132
63
100.0
10.5
1,443
1,453
0.33
0.33
8.0
242
229
24,022
6,330
5,992
14.8
26,144
2003
0.09
0.03
120
71
100.0
9.8
1,398
1,408
0.33
0.33
7.8
272
235
25,147
7,274
6,273
15.3
26,718
2004
0.09
0.03
132
72
100.0
10.7
1,394
1,407
0.33
0.33
7.7
298
238
26,022
8,130
6,491
15.8
27,282
2005
0.08
0.03
105
77
100.0
9.0
1,349
1,359
0.33
0.33
7.6
326
241
26,897
9,075
6,710
16.3
27,834
2006
0.08
0.02
102
80
100.0
8.9
1,329
1,339
0.33
0.33
7.5
362
245
27,815
10,278
6,938
16.8
28,374
2007
0.08
0.03
108
76
100.0
9.9
1,291
1,304
0.33
0.33
7.0
435
255
29,513
12,573
7,362
17.2
28,905
2008
0.10
0.03
124
90
100.0
11.4
1,285
1,296
0.34
0.34
6.6
438
261
30,815
12,897
7,687
17.7
29,433
2009
0.01
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
72

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
32
person)
100.0
0.30
0.30
5.6
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
190
201
184
177
2000 $)
3,921
14,395
3,628
13,534
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
3,591
9.3
19,554
1991
3,376
8.9

million)
19,081
Urban Population, %
1990
610
6.6 Sri Lanka

65,610
20,669
25.0
76.6


Coal: 53
Oil: 2,128
Hydro: 336
Biomass: 4,749
Others: 1
Imports: 2,181

Stock Changes: 10
Transformation
Losses: 1,114
(Discrepancy: 114)
Oil: 2,124
Oil: 203
Imports: 2,125
Others: 203
Exports: 1
Coal: 1
1,362

3,230
4,780
Biomass: 4,727
Electricity: 630
Coal: 54
Commercial: 318
Others: 267
Residential: 3,437
Industry: 2,128

Transport: 1,860
Oil: 2,599
611
612
Table 6.6.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
17,337
18,229
18,745
19,843
20,669
9.8
12.8
16.3
19.8
25.0
34.5
44.9
57.4
69.7
88.0
567
701
871
1,000
1,211
1,992
2,463
3,063
3,515
4,256
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
4,191
4,022
4,748
4,920
5,086
Net Imports
1,326
1,927
3,577
4,082
4,197
Total PES
5,517
5,949
8,325
9,002
9,283
66
54
1,326
1,925
3,580
4,012
4,154
3,916
3,637
4,468
4,626
4,738
270
383
276
298
337
TPES/capita (toe)
0.32
0.33
0.44
0.45
0.45
160
132
145
129
106
Socioeconomic Data

Source: World Bank.
Table 6.6.2
Coal
Oil
Gas
Biomass
Others

Industry
782
706
1,712
2,011
2,128
Transportation
820
1,211
1,684
2,073
1,860
Other Sectors
3,702
3,775
3,965
3,966
4,022
Total FEC
5,304
5,692
7,361
8,050
8,010
66
54
1,182
1,711
2,501
2,845
2,599
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
Others
224
324
416
532
630
3,893
3,652
4,443
4,607
4,727
Sri Lanka
Figure 6.6.1

1990
2009
Commercial
4.0%
Others
3.9%
Commercial
2.7%
Others
3.3%
Industry
14.7%
Industry
26.6%
Transport
15.5%
Residential
63.3%
Residential
42.9%
Transport
23.2%
5,304 ktoe
8,010 ktoe

Figure 6.6.2

1990
2009
Coal
0.7%
Coal
0.1%
Oil
22.3%
Biomass
73.4%
Electricity
4.2%
Oil
32.4%
Biomass
59.0%
Electricity
7.9%
5,304 ktoe
8,010 ktoe
613

10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
Biomass 4,738
6,000
ktoe
614
5,000
Hydro 336
4,000
Biomass 3,916
3,000
Oil 4,154
2,000
Hydro 270
1,000
Oil 1,326
Coal 5
Coal 54
1990
2009

Figure 6.6.4

1990
Others
0.0%
Hydro
6.4%
Biomass
93.6%
4,191 ktoe

2009
Others
0.0%
Hydro
6.6%
Biomass
93.4%
5,086 ktoe
Sri Lanka
Figure 6.6.5

1990
2009
Others
0.2%
Thermal
0.2%
Others
0.0%
Hydro
39.5%
Hydro
99.8%
Thermal
60.3%
3,150 GWh
9,884 GWh
Figure 6.6.6

1990
2009
Commercial
25.6%
Commercial
39.7%
Residential
25.4%
2,605 GWh
Industry
34.4%
Industry
34.8%
Residential
40.0%
7,326 GWh
615
Figure 6.6.7

1990
2009
Coal
1.7%
Coal
0.5%
Oil
99.5%
Oil
98.3%
1,008 kt C
3,424 kt C

Figure 6.6.8
19902009
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
ktoe
4,000
3,000
2,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1,000
1990
616
Sri Lanka
Figure 6.6.9
19902009
617

19902009
9,000
10,000
8,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
7,000
6,000
6,000
ktoe
ktoe
5,000
4,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2,000
Coal
Oil
Electricity
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
3,000
Coal
Biomass
Oil


Figure 6.6.11
19902009
Figure 6.6.12
19902009
6,000
Hydro
Biomass
Others
10,000
5,000
8,000
4,000
GWh
ktoe
6,000
3,000
4,000
2,000
Hydro

Biomass
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2,000
1,000
Others
Thermal
Hydro
Others

4,000
1,400
3,500
1,200
3,000
1,000
2,500
kt C
1,600
800
2,000
600
1,500
400
1,000
200
500
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe
Figure 6.6.13
19902009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
618
Oil
Coal

Oil

Figure 6.6.16
19902009


200
600
160
120
100
80
60
40
20
500
160
140
400
120
100
300
80
200
60
40
100
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
0
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

180
140
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
48
48
3.
4.
2,204
2,204
2,204
18
2,222
4,847
66
268
113
39
152
420
1,968
310
2,764
158
156
2,075
1,007
1,068
1,694
201
457
47
1,997
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
511
513
11
211
211
314
63
251
196
196
20
216
151
151
74
34
40
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
37
37
1,317
81
1,435
29
34
659
256
403
1,037
43
43
1,123
34
34
185
219
95
79
751
686
65
138
74
94
158
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
49
49
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Sri Lanka Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.6.3
113
39
152
152
23
179
16
16
165
167
LPG
4.5
4.6
66
136
202
39
25
287
65
222
34
75
320
47
258
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
4,634
399
399
399
399
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
15
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
3,067
125
3,192
3,192
1,528
4,720
15
17
4,737
21
4,755
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
222
128
350
350
224
574
243
817
817
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
9,500
66
268
3,402
292
3,694
3,962
1,968
2,111
8,107
157
399
15
129
592
736
9,085
162
457
49
4,274
5,155
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Sri Lanka
619
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
48
48
3.
4.
1,956
1,956
1,956
41
1,997
5,935
68
230
119
41
160
390
2,161
303
2,922
156
56
1,859
1,239
620
2,202
161
277
2,318
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
553
555
178
178
378
19
359
160
160
17
177
102
102
76
54
22
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
39
39
1,395
76
1,510
84
467
380
87
1,339
48
1,387
30
30
182
212
120
40
757
753
128
62
122
188
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
48
48
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.6.4
119
41
160
160
27
191
17
17
173
165
LPG
4.5
4.6
68
209
277
47
16
338
106
232
108
18
107
197
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
3,947
339
339
339
339
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
16
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
3,057
125
3,182
3,182
1,516
4,698
16
17
4,715
23
4,735
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
238
149
387
387
226
613
238
851
851
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
9,901
68
230
3,414
315
3,729
3,959
2,161
2,094
8,282
156
294
16
97
729
842
9,262
97
277
4,368
5,075
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
620
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
50
50
3.
4.
43
1,929
1,929
1,886
24
1,910
5,092
80
184
131
31
162
346
1,959
280
2,665
135
52
1,838
1,232
606
1,976
40
300
2,316
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
538
538
57
179
179
303
26
329
136
136
22
158
117
117
42
14
56
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
22
22
1,220
85
1,327
47
476
281
195
1,085
60
1,139
26
26
154
180
80
35
716
796
80
215
138
348
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
50
50
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.6.5
131
31
162
162
19
184
17
17
167
167
LPG
4.5
4.6
80
198
278
48
16
333
155
178
164
11
102
277
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
4,129
355
355
355
355
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
16
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
3,037
126
3,163
3,163
1,530
4,693
10
11
4,704
10
4,715
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
237
156
393
393
230
623
172
795
795
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
9,242
80
184
3,405
313
3,718
3,902
1,959
2,091
8,032
178
224
10
91
794
895
8,973
74
300
4,277
5,071
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Sri Lanka
621
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
53
53
3.
4.
2,128
2,128
2,128
2,128
5,959
94
173
126
30
156
329
1,860
316
2,599
113
52
1,954
1,442
512
2,026
203
301
2,124
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
493
493
195
195
298
298
119
119
19
138
87
87
50
50
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
21
21
1,162
81
1,264
113
509
330
179
972
57
1,029
33
33
198
231
35
762
931
169
436
262
140
314
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
53
53
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 6.6.6
126
30
156
156
18
177
25
25
152
152
LPG
4.5
4.6
94
202
296
17
376
181
195
118
59
104
281
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
3,904
336
336
336
336
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
16
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
3,059
127
3,186
3,186
1,541
4,727
10
11
4,738
10
4,749
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
252
161
413
413
217
630
221
850
850
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
9,884
94
173
3,437
318
3,755
3,928
1,860
2,128
8,010
114
273
10
174
930
1,114
9,283
193
301
4,306
5,086
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
622
Wind
Total
Solar
Wind
5,517
782
820
3,356
141
205
5,304
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Total
Geothermal
3,916
Nuclear
Others
Hydro
Biomass
270
Gas
1,326
Oil
Coal
5,331
206
168
3,365
824
768
5,685
237
218
3,381
917
932
5,745
5,600
4,071
249
1,425
4,327
4,078
249
1992
3,925
268
1,407
3,932
4,200
Solar
4,191
Geothermal
Nuclear
268
270
Hydro
Others
Gas
3,921
Oil
1991
Biomass
Coal
1990
5,673
243
184
3,392
980
874
6,055
3,926
326
1,803
4,259
3,933
326
1993
5,625
255
172
3,369
1,141
688
5,817
3,621
352
1,844
3,997
3,645
352
1994
Sri Lanka Summary Table, 19902009
Table 6.6.7
5,692
270
187
3,318
1,211
706
5,949
3,637
383
1,925
4,022
3,639
383
1995
6,533
297
216
3,339
1,657
1,024
6,721
3,917
280
2,522
4,204
3,924
280
1996
6,588
285
233
3,394
1,525
1,151
6,963
4,044
296
2,621
4,346
4,050
296
1997
6,717
298
233
3,389
1,593
1,204
7,081
3,987
337
2,755
4,319
3,982
337
1998
7,145
304
261
3,343
1,765
1,472
7,562
4,190
359
3,011
4,548
4,189
359
1999
7,361
432
241
3,292
1,684
1,712
8,325
4,468
275
3,580
4,748
4,472
275
2000
7,194
404
237
3,306
1,706
1,541
8,053
4,292
267
3,492
4,563
4,295
267
2001
7,253
365
243
3,192
1,739
1,714
8,198
4,310
232
3,642
13
4,544
4,311
232
2002
7,490
290
258
3,259
1,853
1,830
8,682
4,372
283
3,958
68
4,655
4,371
283
2003
7,642
311
262
3,281
1,915
1,873
8,800
4,513
255
4,012
19
4,765
4,509
255
2004
8,050
326
278
3,362
2,073
2,011
9,002
4,626
297
4,012
66
4,920
4,622
297
2005
8,107
334
292
3,402
1,968
2,111
9,085
4,737
399
3,898
50
5,155
4,755
399
2006
8,282
298
315
3,414
2,161
2,094
9,262
4,715
339
4,158
49
5,075
4,735
339
2007
8,010
267
318
3,437
1,860
2,128
9,283
4,738
336
4,154
54
5,086
4,749
336
2009
8,032
264
313
3,405
1,959
2,091
8,973
4,704
355
3,862
51
5,071
4,715
355
2008
Sri Lanka
623
1990
Solar
Wind
Others
535
Total
1,003
1,008
Oil
Gas
Total
Coal
Gas
Total
Oil
1,046
1,044
59
59
Coal
640
12
Own Use
23
523
616
3,377
3,116
261
5,331
3,909
236
1,185
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
3,150
Total
Geothermal
3,145
Nuclear
Hydro
Thermal
5,304
Total
Others
3,893
Biomass
Heat
224
Electricity
1,182
Gas
Oil
Coal
1,344
1,343
215
215
628
35
593
3,540
2,900
640
5,685
4,043
251
1,390
1992
1,318
1,317
93
93
744
35
709
3,979
3,796
183
5,673
3,911
278
1,483
1993
1,478
1,476
89
89
802
23
779
4,387
4,089
298
5,625
3,657
308
1,659
1994
1,489
1,484
79
79
884
23
860
4,802
4,452
350
5,692
3,652
324
1,711
1995
2,179
2,177
337
337
814
35
779
4,530
3,252
1,278
6,533
3,939
320
2,272
1996
2,171
2,169
435
435
930
35
895
5,145
3,447
1,698
6,588
4,064
362
2,160
1997
2,253
2,250
366
366
1,105
47
1,058
5,683
3,915
1,768
6,717
4,004
394
2,317
1998
2,485
2,483
449
449
1,326
47
1,279
6,184
4,170
2,011
7,145
4,204
418
2,521
1999
2,874
2,873
995
995
2,151
686
1,465
7,004
3,197
3,796
7,361
4,443
416
2,501
2000
2,842
2,841
922
922
1,942
663
1,279
6,781
3,109
3,661
7,194
4,271
416
2,506
2001
2,998
2,984
14
1,059
1,059
2,000
686
1,314
7,087
10
2,692
4,381
7,253
4,292
438
2,510
13
2002
3,260
3,187
74
1,192
1,192
2,163
721
1,442
7,716
11
3,296
4,406
7,490
4,359
478
2,585
68
2003
3,359
3,338
21
1,343
1,343
2,163
802
1,360
8,235
12
2,961
5,259
7,642
4,492
521
2,610
19
2004
3,654
3,583
71
1,403
1,403
3,140
1,640
1,500
9,324
14
3,451
5,855
8,050
4,607
532
2,845
66
2005
3,294
3,241
53
1,007
1,007
2,826
1,267
1,558
9,500
15
4,634
4,847
8,107
4,720
574
2,764
49
2006
3,533
3,480
53
1,239
1,239
2,767
1,209
1,558
9,901
16
3,947
5,935
8,282
4,698
613
2,922
49
2007
3,424
3,366
58
1,442
1,442
3,300
3,244
55
1,232
1,232
2,570
1,128
512
2,000
1,442
9,884
16
3,904
5,959
8,010
4,727
630
2,599
54
2009
1,488
9,242
16
4,129
5,092
8,032
4,693
623
2,665
51
2008
624
0.18
0.19
0.06
102
156
100.0
25.0
519
545
0.30
0.32
19
11.9
0.23
0.08
125
165
100.0
24.7
530
536
0.32
0.32
19
12.4
547
605
37,704
9,703
10,726
16.9
17,741
1992
0.22
0.07
115
180
100.0
29.7
495
528
0.32
0.34
23
12.8
577
640
40,306
10,339
11,466
16.7
17,926
1993
0.25
0.08
122
198
100.0
31.3
465
480
0.31
0.32
24
13.2
648
669
42,563
11,718
12,108
16.6
18,090
1994
0.25
0.08
117
207
100.0
32.4
446
466
0.31
0.33
21
13.7
715
701
44,904
13,030
12,774
16.4
18,229
1995
0.32
0.12
164
203
100.0
37.4
493
507
0.36
0.37
25
14.0
758
723
46,610
13,898
13,259
16.3
18,341
1996
0.31
0.12
154
228
100.0
37.6
467
494
0.36
0.38
32
14.4
819
766
49,596
15,092
14,108
16.1
18,428
1997
0.32
0.12
152
248
100.0
39.0
455
479
0.36
0.38
34
14.6
853
798
51,926
15,795
14,771
16.0
18,510
1998
0.33
0.13
161
261
100.0
39.9
464
491
0.38
0.41
25
14.6
841
828
54,159
15,656
15,406
15.8
18,610
1999
0.35
0.15
176
258
100.0
43.0
451
510
0.39
0.44
25
15.1
871
871
57,409
16,331
16,331
15.7
18,745
2000
0.35
0.15
177
256
100.0
43.3
447
501
0.38
0.43
26
14.7
832
850
56,522
15,746
16,078
15.6
18,922
2001
0.37
0.16
179
266
100.0
44.6
434
490
0.38
0.43
42
14.4
894
874
58,763
17,103
16,716
15.5
19,134
2002
0.38
0.17
184
287
100.0
46.4
423
490
0.39
0.45
36
14.1
975
914
62,253
18,882
17,709
15.3
19,370
2003
0.38
0.17
180
309
100.0
45.9
409
471
0.39
0.45
36
14.1
1,054
952
65,643
20,663
18,673
15.2
19,611
2004
0.41
0.18
184
312
100.0
45.3
406
454
0.41
0.45
37
14.1
1,230
1,000
69,740
24,406
19,839
15.1
19,843
2005
0.36
0.16
154
333
100.0
43.3
380
425
0.40
0.45
37
13.8
1,409
1,065
75,088
28,267
21,360
15.1
20,062
2006
0.38
0.17
155
352
100.0
45.2
363
406
0.41
0.46
37
13.7
1,596
1,125
80,192
32,351
22,812
15.1
20,272
2007
0.37
0.16
137
354
100.0
43.5
332
371
0.39
0.44
37
13.6
1,989
1,180
84,963
40,715
24,169
15.1
20,474
2008
0.37
0.17
137
354
100.0
45.2
320
371
0.39
0.45
37
13.6
2,035
1,211
87,970
42,068
25,024
15.1
20,669
2009
0.06
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
CO2/capita (t C)
24.0
100.0
103
540
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
562
2000 $ million)
150
0.31
person)
0.32
18
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
463
11.6
513
586
567
2000 $)
9,000
36,115
8,033
34,527
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
10,274
17.0
17,543
1991
9,822
17.2

million)
17,337
Urban Population, %
1990
Sri Lanka
625
Chapter 7
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
4,480,454
584,869
930.7
250.9
15,648.0
74.1

Sources: ADB (2011 and 2012), APERC estimates, World Bank, and WEC (2010).

Coal: 168
Oil: 1,270
Biomass: 34
Gas: 18,856
Oil: 118,145
Biomass: 98
Coal: 17,119
Biomass: 103,922
Others: 7
Geothermal: 16,123
Gas: 178,627
Oil: 133,939
Coal: 185,046
Hydro: 6,216

Imports: 154,217

(Discrepancy: 399)
Transformation
Losses: 146,914
Oil: 136,485
Electricity: 737
Exports: 260,139
Oil: 7,051
Others: 7,051
Imports:
142,636
Coal: 5,414
186,449
Transfers: 7,050

198,784
Stock Change: 926
Biomass: 93,003
Electricity: 46,743
Gas: 32,159
Oil: 152,559
Coal: 30,683
Exports: 94,245
156,363
628
Commercial: 16,865
Others: 28,412
Transport: 93,699
Industry: 114,525
7,743.0
Southeast Asia
Table 7.1
629

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
443,564
482,934
521,983
558,103
584,869
369.3
530.6
608.3
778.9
930.7
1,038.8
1,495.5
1,694.4
2,180.9
2,625.2
Socioeconomic Data
851
1,099
1,165
1,396
1,591
2,393
3,097
3,246
3,908
4,489

Note: In the computation of GDP per capita (at 2000 PPP $) for 1990, population of Cambodia was not included in the denominator due to unavailability of GDP data.
Table 7.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

227,868
310,978
375,153
523,584
623,881
Net Imports
68,180
69,465
66,987
66,948
98,108
Total PES
159,689
241,514
308,166
456,637
525,773
Coal
12,877
20,168
30,054
53,471
74,509
Oil
84,933
120,235
151,771
181,689
197,385
Gas
32,196
67,348
85,738
104,561
127,258
Biomass
21,178
22,664
22,043
97,861
103,879
Others
8,505
11,099
18,561
19,054
22,743
TPES/capita (toe)
0.37
0.50
0.59
0.82
0.90
154
161
182
209
200
Industry
31,576
51,497
61,334
100,441
114,525
Transportation
34,949
55,419
67,070
83,223
93,699
Other Sectors
40,667
53,157
65,273
129,125
146,923
107,192
160,074
193,677
312,790
355,147
5,089
8,999
10,807
22,854
30,683
Oil
65,053
97,430
118,526
140,154
152,559
Gas
7,167
10,978
13,810
21,926
32,159
Electricity
11,458
21,947
30,346
38,072
46,743
Biomass
18,425
20,719
20,187
89,751
93,003
33
Total FEC
Coal
Others
630
Figure 7.1

2009
1990
Commercial
2.5%
Commercial
4.7%
Others
7.6%
Others
8.0%
Industry
29.5%
Residential
27.8%
Transport
32.6%
Industry
32.2%
Residential
28.6%
Transport
26.4%
107,192 ktoe
355,147 ktoe

Figure 7.2

1990
Biomass
17.2%
2009
Coal
8.6%
Coal
4.7%
Biomass
26.2%
Electricity
10.7%
Gas
6.7%
Oil
60.7%
Oil
43.0%
Electricity
13.2%
Gas
9.1%
107,192 ktoe
355,147 ktoe

Southeast Asia

600,000
Others 404
500,000
Biomass 103,879
Geothermal 16,123
400,000
ktoe
Gas 127,258
300,000
200,000
Biomass 21,178
Gas 32,196
100,000
Oil 84,933
Oil 197,385
Geothermal 5,643
Hydro 2,862
Coal 74,509
Coal 12,877
Others 0
100,000
1990
2009

Figure 7.4

1990
2009
Others
0.0%
Geothermal
2.5%
Hydro
1.3%
Biomass
9.3%
Others
0.0%
Coal
5.6%
Geothermal
2.6%
Biomass
16.7%
Coal
29.7%
Hydro
1.0%
Gas
31.0%
Oil
50.4%
227,868 ktoe
Gas
28.6%
Oil
21.5%
623,881 ktoe

Hydro 6,216
631
632
Figure 7.5

1990
2009
Others
2.8%
Geothermal
3.1%
Others
0.4%
Geothermal
3.4%
Hydro
12.0%
Hydro
20.9%
Thermal
75.2%
Thermal
82.1%
158,924 GWh
604,673 GWh
Figure 7.6

1990
2009
Others
0.8%
Commercial
12.1%
Others
4.2%
Commercial
25.3%
Industry
40.5%
Industry
49.2%
Residential
34.2%
Transport
0.2%
Residential
33.4%
Transport
0.1%
133,234 GWh
543,526 GWh
Southeast Asia
Figure 7.7

1990
2009
Gas
17.0%
Gas
25.2%
Coal
13.8%
Coal
29.4%
Oil
69.3%
Oil
45.4%
99,017 kt C
282,848 kt C


19902009
400,000
350,000
300,000
ktoe
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
50,000
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others

Sources: APERC (APEC Energy Database), IEA (2011b), and Lao PDR Ministry of Energy and
Mines (unpublished).
633
634

19902009

19902009
400,000
600,000
350,000
500,000
300,000
400,000
250,000
ktoe
ktoe
300,000
200,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
100,000
50,000
100,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Biomass
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Others


Figure 7.11
19902009
Figure 7.12
19902009
700,000
600,000
600,000
500,000
500,000
400,000
ktoe
GWh
400,000
300,000
300,000
100,000
Coal
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
100,000
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Others

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
200,000
200,000
Thermal
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
Southeast Asia
Figure 7.13
19902009
635

140,000
300,000
120,000
250,000
100,000
200,000
kt C
ktoe
80,000
150,000
60,000
100,000
40,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal

Gas

Figure 7.16
19902009

Oil
700
200
320
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
310
600
300
500
290
400
280
300
270
200
260
100
250
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

240
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
50,000
20,000
Gas Processing
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
Other
Transformation
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
129,309
149
46
1,004
3.
4.
4.1
16
16
16
2,861
2,877
231
16
12
3,096
3,096
65,229
2,801
2,801
3,417
324
181,704
181,704
5,170
193,416
2,428
67,533
128,683
129,839
1,849
1,346
5,138
13,024
3,044
16,068
21,206
81,953
27,682
132,187
6,094
958
844
166,654
128
14,720
150,962
5,171
16,894
140
35,609
82,132
100,988
199
199
36,002
46
36,246
1,161
29,421
29,421
7,985
129
13,569
21,425
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
8,304
124
8,429
8,433
188
8,622
375
9,255
9,255
48
1,056
921
1,652
1,518
Kerosene
4.2
41,002
0
1,972
LPG
4.5
4.6
8,859
Other
Petroleum
Products
28
4,183
224
510
734
4,918
36,331
12,018
53,266
531
38
54,161
7,976
46,185
99
6,489
1,058
109
127
0
113
4,392
45
21
558
579
624
2,639
8,015
11,278
103
29,792
6,744
23,048
608
35
4,475
1,851
6,326
6,361
539
706
8,215
79
5,281
5,276
4,426
1,821
738
672
672
6,442
6,708
14,560
5,753
814
839
38,744
128
37,777
593
11,661 1,408 17,243
166
31,108
20,672 21,390 3,253 21,596
26,211
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Specified
Others
14.2
14.1.2 Residential
1,376
22,833
24,359
323
19
32,235
327
Power Generation
8.1
32,253
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
1,331
Transfers
7.
56,289
Residential and
Commercial
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
1,106
14.1
Stock Changes
5.
Transport Sector
International
Bunkers
4.
14,031
91,111
Other Sectors
Exports
3.
13.
Imports
2.
134,475
14.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
Southeast Asia Energy Balance Table, 2006
1.
Table 7.3
242,959
6,434
1,096
91
27
118
1,214
226
15,547
23,421
5,351
13,129
716
12,687
51,298
64,701
106,602
10
73,193
16,496
163,309
Gas
5.
61,505
5,283
5,283
5,283
5,283
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
10,465
14,728
14,728
14,728
14,728
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
53
Wind
10.
15,433
72,412
767
73,179
73,179
18,256
91,435
6,963
1,530
8,493
99,922
25
99,901
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
764
12,801
9,257
22,058
22,821
18
17,502
40,342
374
5,474
45,878
45,878
311
278
590
Electricity
13.
15,139
526,804
10,731
7,043
99,348
13,422
112,770
119,814
82,197
104,680
317,422
0
0
19,885
8,523
15,050
12,819
73,921
110,315
462,760
1,171
35,609
314,251
263,910
547,539
Total
15.
Heat
14.
Unit: ktoe
636
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
156,410
181
45
1,008
3,905
3,905
83
24
98
74
4,069
4,069
4.
4.1
4.2
61,390
3,345
3,345
352
472
181,418
181,418
6,852
192,438
2,689
62,464
126,874
125,339
2,182
7,925
7,880
12,321
4,643
16,964
24,843
83,911
29,089
145,768
664
1,047
844
168,372
128
16,020
151,380
6,853
12,081
690
37,754
88,584
114,947
200
200
38,894
64
39,157
33
31,828
31,828
7,367
826
905
15,387
24,485
314
7,234
488
7,722
8,035
619
8,658
71
16
8,030
8,030
37
678
456
1,337
1,559
Crude Oil Petroleum

3.
0
0
373
16
526
542
915
2,145
7,544
10,604
85
98
28,624
7,254
21,370
10,754
873
31,781
23,903
45,804
34
6,986
226
1,652
1,878
8,864
35,624
12,068
56,557
230
71
55,950
8,766
47,184
91
9,123
451
67
21,310
30,049
Fuel Oil
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
0
4.4
4.3
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Non-Specified
Others
14.2
14.1.2 Residential
328
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
1,381
1,336
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
26,480
14.
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
28,043
466
28
14.1
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
Gas Processing
Refineries
38,924
8.2
Power Generation
8.1
38,952
67,460
5,518
108,948
16,721
Coal
154,170
Coal
Products
8.3
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
7.
8.
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
6.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
2.
1.
1.
Table 7.4
23
4,845
1,976
6,822
6,829
711
2,010
9,572
97
4,992
4,987
6,068
1,387
173
3,428
2,214
LPG
4.5
2,148
7,902
6,534
6,784
21,220
525
829
839
38,949
128
37,982
652
17,109
275
5,001
23,218
10,836
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
252,403
4,334
3,006
114
60
174
3,179
392
16,661
24,567
1,757
12,196
13,496
53,645
67,141
105,661
12
74,651
19,195
161,104
Gas
5.
64,376
5,536
5,536
5,536
5,536
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
10,215
0
0
0
0
Solar
9.
14,825
14,825
14,825
14,825
Geothermal
8.
58
Wind
10.
15,204
73,312
789
74,101
74,101
17,678
91,779
90
7,416
1,620
9,036
100,905
26
100,883
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
182
13,613
10,584
24,197
24,378
69
18,536
42,984
85
6,158
48,956
48,956
270
424
695
Electricity
13.
Total
282,526
561,861
479,087
7,530
37,754
562,239
15,785
11,112
100,368
16,404
116,771
127,884
84,372
112,349
340,390
2,169
19,880
8,259
13,046
13,624
81,716
0 116,650
0 335,075
15.
Unit: ktoe
Heat
14.
Southeast Asia
637
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
151,594
152
47
1,070
347
1,417
1,464
34,561
36,177
453
3.
4.
5,385
5,385
73
21
14
5,451
47
5,404
59,213
3,125
3,125
98
939
184,471
184,471
7,762
196,394
562
61,667
121,868
136,755
2,064
13,896
7,398
12,596
4,036
16,633
24,030
84,996
26,414
149,336
2,443
2,248
287
166,720
128
14,502
151,803
7,761
5,538
1,160
39,961
91,552
124,815
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
193
193
38,476
71
38,741
252
33
28,183
28,183
10,839
207
15,729
26,361
256
6,284
409
6,693
6,949
1,012
7,964
455
14
7,721
7,721
38
236
151
1,351
964
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
30,629
40
6,538
180
1,361
1,541
8,079
34,235
10,496
52,810
589
60
54,980
7,639
47,341
113
6,006
231
64
24,790
370
15
501
517
887
2,221
6,411
9,518
2,463
26,139
6,863
19,276
7,291
365
35,162
25,145
52,651
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
25
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
40,955
40,980
76,705
567
106,353
18,350
165,275
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
1.
Table 7.5
735
6,117
1,764
7,882
7,889
1,054
1,394
11,073
825
287
5,341
5,054
6,492
354
288
2,339
2,406
LPG
4.5
4.6
2,024
13,161
33
33
9,008
7,029
29,231
1,231
2,134
44,356
128
44,228
1,115
15,209
82
4,736
22,196
11,805
Other
Petroleum
Products
281,072
5,283
1,200
117
80
197
1,397
940
21,583
29,203
1,429
14,657
19,771
59,993
79,765
125,053
16
72,295
18,876
178,456
Gas
5.
69,764
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
10,723
16,368
16,368
16,368
16,368
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
61
Wind
10.
16,069
73,673
814
74,487
74,487
18,446
92,933
168
8,119
1,873
9,992
102,757
63
52
102,768
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
281
14,460
11,306
25,766
26,047
81
18,826
44,954
1,047
5,782
51,503
51,503
280
351
630
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
590,561
22,455
8,926
101,915
16,584
118,499
127,426
86,017
125,215
361,113
4,468
23,625
8,406
17,751
19,899
88,208
134,268
523,476
48
39,961
332,232
289,995
605,627
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
638
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
11.
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
156,800
155
46
1,089
350
1,439
1,485
24,443
26,083
753
36
44,572
44,608
69,938
168
132,395
17,119
185,046
3.
4.
4,600
4,600
29
29
4,571
827
16
5,414
51,134
5,119
5,119
2,786
256
181,311
181,055
7,050
196,011
1,270
57,344
118,145
133,939
1,676
8,039
7,402
11,057
3,764
14,821
22,224
92,105
25,073
147,440
8,299
3,703
424
148,023
128
13,053
134,418
7,051
1,374
99
41,124
93,889
136,485
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
201
201
42,448
111
42,760
3,078
32
27,387
27,387
12,323
662
16,320
29,305
168
4,016
213
4,228
4,397
952
5,350
933
5,490
5,490
34
1,098
23
1,718
643
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
29
6,687
140
1,730
1,869
8,556
37,316
10,727
56,600
1,371
66
56,310
6,416
49,894
105
5,296
808
36
30,294
34,818
307
271
278
584
2,150
5,197
7,932
19,203
6,637
12,567
4,625
38
36,551
25,344
57,232
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Discrepancy
10.
14.1.1
Loss and Own Use
9.
Other Sectors
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Residential and
Commercial
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.
Refineries
8.3
14.1
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
1.
Table 7.6
2,274
6,895
1,551
8,446
8,453
868
1,167
12,763
871
424
5,215
4,791
6,179
922
523
2,127
3,573
LPG
4.5
4.6
1,647
5,764
33
33
9,320
6,919
22,035
2,053
3,592
34,417
128
34,289
730
11,444
264
4,536
18,086
10,914
Other
Petroleum
Products
286,940
6,161
1,129
111
125
236
1,365
1,559
23,074
32,159
2,426
23,054
12,293
62,178
74,471
127,258
70,225
18,856
178,627
Gas
5.
72,276
6,216
6,216
6,216
6,216
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
18,748
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
Geothermal
8.
13
Solar
9.
64
Wind
10.
17,021
73,785
821
74,607
74,607
18,396
93,003
8,524
2,357
10,882
103,879
34
175
98
103,922
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
361
15,603
11,805
27,408
27,769
35
18,939
46,743
737
4,918
52,002
52,002
396
340
737
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
604,673
19,474
8,938
101,646
16,865
118,511
127,449
93,699
114,525
355,147
7,961
31,675
8,692
33,288
12,421
92,505
146,914
525,773
547
41,124
354,384
296,853
623,881
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Southeast Asia
639
70,582
2,862
Gas
Hydro
32,196
2,862
Gas
Hydro
31,576
34,949
29,815
2,685
8,167
107,192
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
159,689
Others
Total
21,178
Wind
Biomass
5,643
Solar
Geothermal
84,933
Oil
Nuclear
12,877
Coal
227,868
Total
21,178
Others
Wind
Biomass
5,643
Solar
Geothermal
114,864
Oil
Nuclear
12,740
Coal
1990
111,447
8,517
3,557
29,577
36,717
33,079
119,678
9,422
4,018
30,633
39,541
36,065
188,931
174,685
20,634
5,784
3,128
43,135
102,460
13,790
258,784
20,634
5,784
3,128
84,994
123,446
20,797
1992
20,486
5,914
2,854
40,346
90,977
14,108
250,720
20,486
5,914
2,854
80,592
125,142
15,732
1991
129,335
9,495
4,582
31,185
44,252
39,821
204,191
19,788
5,810
3,227
46,054
113,429
15,876
265,914
19,788
5,810
3,227
89,198
123,439
24,452
1993
140,361
10,058
4,726
32,397
49,491
43,690
201,240
19,836
6,814
3,618
48,037
107,314
15,612
277,068
19,836
6,814
3,618
94,929
125,485
26,386
1994
Southeast Asia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 7.7
160,074
10,593
5,436
37,129
55,419
51,497
241,514
22,664
7,172
3,927
67,348
120,235
20,168
310,978
22,664
7,172
3,927
114,868
127,413
34,935
1995
172,777
10,608
6,047
38,948
61,108
56,066
270,768
22,364
7,644
4,133
72,618
139,000
25,009
330,825
22,364
7,644
4,133
126,036
129,263
41,385
1996
181,067
11,249
6,440
39,698
65,866
57,813
286,416
22,324
8,652
3,618
78,576
147,524
25,717
343,540
22,324
8,652
3,618
133,406
130,112
45,429
1997
179,090
12,456
5,056
42,753
63,140
55,686
276,025
22,375
10,977
3,681
76,161
137,552
25,281
349,836
22,375
10,977
3,681
132,062
131,547
49,195
1998
187,580
12,683
5,303
44,437
65,502
59,654
282,592
22,047
12,462
4,259
79,330
136,524
27,968
358,547
22,047
12,462
4,259
138,475
127,116
54,187
1999
193,677
13,178
5,868
46,226
67,070
61,334
308,166
14
22,043
14,187
4,360
85,738
151,771
30,054
375,153
22,043
14,187
4,360
143,308
134,192
57,064
2000
204,376
17,380
6,570
45,321
68,715
66,390
305,657
22,009
14,064
4,713
79,452
149,061
36,362
358,918
22,009
14,064
4,713
126,215
127,188
64,729
2001
212,160
17,157
9,125
46,719
70,081
69,077
321,601
22,184
14,175
4,627
88,415
152,877
39,332
379,347
22,184
14,175
4,627
138,645
127,421
72,296
2002
215,704
20,033
9,313
48,252
71,486
66,620
337,133
22,460
13,862
4,627
101,710
152,204
42,276
400,437
22,460
13,862
4,627
151,800
127,626
80,063
2003
304,275
21,674
13,560
96,819
78,286
93,936
441,414
80
90,940
14,568
4,614
103,843
175,416
51,953
501,101
90,920
14,568
4,614
159,824
136,764
94,412
2004
312,790
17,363
12,710
99,052
83,223
100,441
456,637
145
97,861
14,197
4,711
104,561
181,689
53,471
523,584
97,838
14,197
4,711
166,491
131,543
108,802
2005
317,422
17,774
13,422
99,348
82,197
104,680
462,760
311
99,922
14,728
5,283
106,602
176,523
59,385
547,539
99,901
14,728
5,283
163,309
129,839
134,475
2006
340,390
26,897
16,404
100,368
84,372
112,349
479,087
270
100,905
14,825
5,536
105,661
180,357
71,529
561,861
100,883
14,825
5,536
161,104
125,339
154,170
2007
355,147
28,412
16,865
101,646
93,699
114,525
525,773
396
103,879
16,123
6,216
127,258
197,385
74,509
623,881
103,922
16,123
6,216
178,627
133,939
185,046
2009
361,113
31,382
16,584
101,915
86,017
125,215
523,476
280
102,757
16,368
6,000
125,053
190,856
82,156
605,627
102,768
16,368
6,000
178,456
136,755
165,275
2008
640
1990
Gas
Electricity
223
173,753
651
158,924
Others
15,273
6,780
29,049
Oil
Gas
Total
20,062
68,580
16,817
99,017
Gas
Total
107,298
71,599
13,620
Oil
15,637
35,293
10,385
17,275
Coal
6,996
Coal
7,633
5,297
5,858
Total
1,156
1,227
Own Use
4,141
4,631
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Total
Solar
Wind
5,758
33,182
5,466
Geothermal
33,277
Hydro
Nuclear
119,530
Thermal
134,590
111,447
107,192
Total
Others
18,103
18,425
12,521
7,436
67,199
6,188
1991
Biomass
7,167
11,458
Oil
Heat
5,089
65,053
Coal
Table 7.7 continued
114,053
20,720
77,158
16,175
35,974
10,409
17,885
7,680
6,388
1,201
5,187
190,329
391
5,700
36,368
147,870
119,678
18,135
13,852
7,833
73,387
6,471
1992
121,088
20,906
83,763
16,419
39,801
13,772
18,913
7,116
6,719
1,272
5,447
210,297
5,667
37,523
167,107
129,335
17,771
15,275
8,726
80,349
7,215
1993
132,280
25,654
87,986
18,639
44,111
18,694
17,568
7,848
7,273
1,283
5,990
236,429
6,320
42,072
188,036
140,361
18,051
17,397
9,275
87,160
8,478
1994
149,458
30,884
98,407
20,167
54,307
26,860
18,461
8,986
8,740
1,377
7,363
293,008
6,135
45,661
241,212
160,074
20,719
21,947
10,978
97,430
8,999
1995
166,272
34,105
106,818
25,349
61,613
29,066
19,831
12,716
9,108
1,538
7,570
321,314
6,534
48,054
266,726
172,777
20,438
24,072
12,532
105,830
9,906
1996
175,816
33,875
113,427
28,514
69,321
32,317
21,992
15,011
9,356
1,703
7,653
352,500
710
7,237
42,072
302,481
181,067
20,439
26,591
12,193
111,561
10,282
1997
171,380
34,300
110,091
26,988
70,316
34,541
20,373
15,402
8,951
1,846
7,105
355,990
739
8,914
42,793
303,544
179,090
20,443
26,945
11,905
110,299
9,498
1998
180,332
38,846
111,098
30,389
71,611
36,736
17,667
17,208
9,139
1,780
7,359
369,031
10,594
49,530
308,907
187,580
20,226
29,645
12,904
114,397
10,408
1999
191,778
45,219
113,143
33,416
78,607
40,858
17,068
20,681
10,974
2,943
8,031
397,383
11,626
50,690
335,067
193,677
20,187
30,346
13,810
118,526
10,807
2000
191,928
42,699
109,410
39,819
76,737
39,206
15,471
22,060
10,055
2,750
7,306
420,110
10,442
54,801
354,866
204,376
20,257
32,018
16,895
120,931
14,275
2001
197,197
43,649
112,344
41,204
81,976
43,889
15,327
22,760
11,822
4,387
7,435
445,671
10,242
53,807
381,621
212,160
20,339
33,842
17,325
124,770
15,884
2002
208,086
48,691
110,672
48,723
85,569
45,465
13,485
26,620
12,123
3,871
8,252
471,978
9,822
53,786
408,369
215,704
20,484
36,101
19,370
122,913
16,836
2003
232,809
52,598
126,174
54,036
90,023
47,022
15,777
27,224
53,923
14,891
39,032
455,892
225
10,282
53,655
391,730
304,275
83,135
36,421
24,081
138,789
21,850
2004
239,009
53,091
127,191
58,727
97,086
50,769
16,110
30,207
61,280
21,208
40,071
502,136
14,803
17
9,902
54,775
422,637
312,790
89,751
33
38,072
21,926
140,154
22,854
2005
239,353
52,152
121,409
65,792
98,253
51,298
14,720
32,235
63,176
20,660
42,516
526,804
15,433
53
10,465
61,505
439,346
317,422
91,435
40,342
23,421
134,988
27,235
2006
261,779
55,137
128,217
78,425
108,687
53,645
16,020
39,022
71,138
20,323
50,816
562,239
15,204
58
10,215
64,376
472,386
340,390
91,779
42,984
24,567
149,113
31,948
2007
282,848
71,251
128,386
83,210
119,802
62,178
13,053
44,572
280,357
63,142
126,031
91,184
115,464
59,993
14,502
40,969
56,713
20,106
23,382
66,762
36,607
604,673
17,021
64
13
18,748
72,276
496,550
355,147
93,003
46,743
32,159
152,559
30,683
2009
43,379
590,561
16,069
61
10,723
69,764
493,943
361,113
92,933
44,954
29,203
152,461
41,563
2008
Southeast Asia
641
340,228
784
23.3
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
0.62
432,891
420,082
33.2
459,615
1992
491,885
454,079
33.9
467,387
1993
560,807
490,750
34.7
475,142
1994
652,320
530,571
35.4
482,934
1995
731,269
569,617
36.3
490,821
1996
699,990
594,755
37.2
498,713
1997
489,098
551,295
38.1
506,618
1998
555,569
572,568
39.0
514,374
1999
608,323
608,323
39.8
521,983
2000
587,846
622,189
40.7
529,511
2001
652,708
652,635
41.6
536,823
2002
727,728
689,735
42.5
543,946
2003
815,033
735,910
43.3
551,086
2004
827,623
45.1
564,945
2006
883,361
45.9
571,666
2007
920,544
46.8
578,336
2008
930,713
47.6
584,869
2009
910,137 1,086,201 1,297,922 1,504,137 1,509,612
778,907
44.2
558,103
2005
0.60
0.25
272
358
20.5
37.0
285
450
0.27
0.42
24
23.7
963
935
0.59
0.27
268
389
8.8
30.2
286
452
0.28
0.45
26
24.3
1,052
972
0.66
0.28
271
436
16.9
37.7
287
412
0.30
0.43
28
24.8
1,180
1,033
0.62
0.31
282
529
6.0
28.8
302
455
0.33
0.50
30
25.4
1,351
1,099
0.61
0.34
292
570
7.0
22.2
303
475
0.35
0.55
34
25.9
1,490
1,161
0.61
0.35
296
620
11.8
19.9
304
482
0.36
0.57
36
26.0
1,404
1,193
0.62
0.34
311
619
4.4
26.7
325
501
0.35
0.54
37
25.7
965
1,088
0.64
0.35
315
670
6.9
26.9
328
494
0.36
0.55
38
26.8
1,080
1,113
0.62
0.37
315
676
11.6
21.7
318
507
0.37
0.59
39
27.6
1,165
1,165
0.63
0.36
308
703
14.7
17.4
328
491
0.39
0.58
41
26.9
1,110
1,175
0.61
0.37
302
733
16.7
18.0
325
493
0.40
0.60
46
27.2
1,216
1,216
0.62
0.38
302
772
16.1
18.8
313
489
0.40
0.62
49
27.6
1,338
1,268
0.53
0.42
316
769
22.0
13.5
413
600
0.55
0.80
47
28.0
1,479
1,335
0.52
0.43
307
793
27.6
14.7
402
586
0.56
0.82
49
28.1
1,631
1,396
0.52
0.42
289
830
26.4
18.3
384
559
0.56
0.82
51
28.2
1,923
1,465
0.55
0.46
296
874
30.5
17.3
385
542
0.60
0.84
53
27.9
2,270
1,545
0.54
0.48
305
904
28.3
15.7
392
569
0.62
0.91
56
27.5
2,601
1,592
0.54
0.48
304
929
32.1
18.7
382
565
0.61
0.90
57
26.2
2,581
1,591
CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, GWh = gigawatt-hour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatt-hour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total primary
energy supply.
Sources: ADB (2011), APERC (APEC Energy Database), APERC estimates, JAMA (2012), Lao PDR Ministry of Energy and Mines (unpublished), and World Bank.
0.61
0.24
0.23
CO2/capita (t C)
330
37.6
43.5
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
35.2
272
42.7
283
268
290
2000 $ million)
443

2000 $ million)
432
2000 $ million)
0.25
0.40
307
0.25
23
23.6
868
892
person)
0.37
23
851
2000 $)

persons)
383,684
394,121
32.4
451,691
1991
1,038,757 1,110,610 1,185,021 1,280,202 1,381,899 1,495,482 1,605,641 1,673,227 1,543,458 1,598,443 1,694,438 1,741,241 1,828,387 1,934,308 2,060,074 2,180,891 2,315,378 2,469,558 2,582,951 2,625,209
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
369,256
31.7

million)
443,564
Urban Population, %
1990
Table 7.7 continued
642
7.1 Brunei Darussalam


5,770
392
12.4
6.7
1,200.0
99.7

Oil: 9,301
Gas: 10,604
Oil: 17
Imports: 17
Transformation
Losses: 1,294
Stock Changes: 143
Oil: 93
Oil: 18
(Discrepancy: 63)
Exports: 17,104
Imports: 93
Others: 18
30
Transfers: 18
939
1,049
(Discrepancy: 11) 925
Oil: 646
Electricity: 279
Stock Change: 2
Gas: 30
Transport: 352
Others: 181
Industry: 209
Commercial: 62
Residential: 150
643
644
Table 7.1.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
252
290
327
363
392
4.8
5.6
6.0
6.6
6.7
12.7
14.8
15.9
17.6
17.7
19,075
19,396
18,350
18,312
17,092
50,393
51,240
48,478
48,377
45,156

Source: World Bank.
Table 7.1.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Net Imports
Total PES
Coal
Oil
Gas
15,259
17,395
17,411
21,630
19,905
13,188
14,683
14,710
19,507
17,226
2,071
2,712
2,701
2,123
2,679
38
574
588
536
811
2,033
2,138
2,113
1,587
1,868
Biomass
Others
TPES/capita (toe)
8.22
9.36
8.26
5.85
6.84
163
183
170
121
151
53
109
91
96
209
255
330
324
219
352

Industry
Transportation
Other Sectors
108
194
220
263
393
Total FEC
417
632
636
577
955
Coal
Oil
309
451
401
300
646
Gas
25
33
22
13
30
Electricity
82
149
213
264
279
Biomass
Others
Brunei Darussalam
Figure 7.1.1

1990
Commercial
0.0%
2009
Others
0.0%
Industry
12.7%
Others
19.0%
Residential
25.9%
Industry
21.9%
Commercial
6.5%
Transport
61.3%
Residential
15.7%
417 ktoe
Transport
36.9%
955 ktoe

Figure 7.1.2

1990
Gas
6.0%
2009
Electricity
19.7%
Oil
74.3%
417 ktoe
Electricity
29.2%
Oil
67.7%
Gas
3.1%
995 ktoe
645

3,000
2,500
2,000
Gas 1,868
ktoe
646
1,500
Gas 2,033
1,000
500
Oil 811
Oil 38
1990
2009

Figure 7.1.4

1990
Gas
49.7%
2009
Oil
50.3%
15,259 ktoe
Oil
46.7%
Gas
53.3%
19,905 ktoe
Brunei Darussalam
Figure 7.1.5

1990
2009
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
100.0%
1,175 GWh
3,611 GWh
Figure 7.1.6

1990
Commercial
0.0%
2009
Others
0.0%
Others
22.5%
Residential
56.1%
Industry
17.3%
Industry
43.9%
Commercial
22.4%
954 GWh
Residential
37.7%
3,243 GWh
647
Figure 7.1.7

1990
2009
Oil
25.7%
Oil
22.1%
Gas
77.9%
Gas
74.3%
1,140 kt C
2,127 kt C

Figure 7.1.8
19902009
1,000
800
600
ktoe
400
200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
648
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
Brunei Darussalam
Figure 7.1.9
19902009
649

19902009
4,000
1,000
3,500
800
3,000
2,500
ktoe
ktoe
600
400
2,000
1,500
1,000
200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Oil
Gas
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
500
Oil
Electricity


Figure 7.1.11
19902009
Figure 7.1.12
19902009
Gas
4,000
25,000
3,500
20,000
3,000
2,500
ktoe
GWh
15,000
10,000
2,000
1,500
1,000
5,000
Oil

Thermal
Gas
2008
2009
2006
2007
2005
2004
2002
2003
2001
2000
1998
1999
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
500
650
Figure 7.1.13
19902009

2,500
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,500
Oil
2008
2009
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
Gas
Oil

Gas


Figure 7.1.16
19902009
700
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1996
TFEC
CO2 Emissions
CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product,TFEC = total final energy consumption,
350
600
300
500
250
400
200
300
150
200
100
100
GDP
400
50
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
160
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

1996
1995
1994
1993
500
1992
500
1991
1,000
1990
1,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
kt C
ktoe
2,500
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
24
13
735
735
15
763
77
10,536
11,222
14
15
15
15
350
56
436
16
155
639
631
15
72
78
13
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
220
220
222
222
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
131
53
185
16
10
193
185
102
102
102
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Brunei Darussalam Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.1.3
14
14
14
14
15
LPG
4.5
4.6
14
14
40
121
121
64
78
13
Other
Petroleum
Products
3,275
13
13
13
13
682
571
80
1,923
2,002
3,269
10
8,537
11,816
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
210
210
48
258
26
284
284
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,299
14
210
28
28
238
350
104
707
679
751
96
80
1,647
1,823
3,960
60
78
19,073
13
23,038
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Brunei Darussalam
651
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
33
63
696
696
16
776
40
8,704
9,440
17
17
17
357
54
436
23
176
652
644
16
70
77
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
214
214
217
217
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
144
52
196
23
188
180
92
92
92
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.1.4
15
15
15
15
16
LPG
4.5
4.6
74
155
155
68
77
Other
Petroleum
Products
3,362
29
29
29
29
614
539
92
1,893
1,984
3,166
12
8,240
11,394
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
29
191
220
220
48
268
24
292
292
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,395
74
191
265
265
357
102
733
655
740
45
92
1,608
1,745
3,872
51
77
16,944
20,834
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
652
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
23
804
804
17
845
111
8,770
17
9,710
116
19
19
135
362
141
642
21
19
669
661
17
38
90
48
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
225
225
206
206
17
12
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
137
67
204
184
176
27
26
83
83
83
83
83
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.1.5
18
18
18
18
17
LPG
4.5
4.6
33
33
72
109
12
17
196
196
82
90
10
Other
Petroleum
Products
3,423
28
28
28
28
443
522
1,966
1,443
1,918
16
9,390
11,291
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
166
57
224
224
47
270
24
294
294
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,423
116
214
57
271
387
362
188
940
486
135
522
1,679
1,292
2,724
91
90
18,160
65
21,001
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Brunei Darussalam
653
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
19
769
769
18
806
143
8,369
17
9,301
112
18
18
130
352
161
646
11
16
637
628
18
86
93
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
225
225
197
197
19
22
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
127
86
213
169
160
61
61
79
79
79
79
79
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.1.6
18
18
18
18
18
LPG
4.5
4.6
33
33
72
108
16
192
192
76
86
10
Other
Petroleum
Products
3,611
26
26
26
30
82
457
521
1,985
1,464
1,868
8,735
10,604
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
63
105
62
168
231
48
279
32
311
311
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,611
175
150
62
212
387
352
209
955
74
504
132
521
1,682
1,294
2,679
145
86
17,104
109
19,905
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
654
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
53
255
108
417
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
2,071
Geothermal
Total
Nuclear
Gas
2,033
Oil
Hydro
38
Coal
15,259
Total
Nuclear
7,583
Hydro
7,677
Gas
Oil
Coal
1990
59
407
109
238
526
61
114
323
27
2,081
3,184
1,579
503
16,785
7,893
8,892
1992
2,144
1,040
16,808
7,778
9,031
1991
526
155
314
52
2,669
2,222
447
16,463
7,927
8,535
1993
564
23
113
314
113
2,392
1,893
499
16,886
8,210
8,676
1994
632
43
150
330
109
2,712
2,138
574
17,395
8,931
8,465
1995
Brunei Darussalam Summary Table, 19902009
Table 7.1.7
735
66
187
361
120
2,811
2,190
621
16,889
8,861
8,027
1996
801
66
217
389
130
2,890
2,202
688
16,774
8,862
7,912
1997
748
59
223
358
108
2,912
2,265
648
16,238
8,573
7,664
1998
665
14
233
324
94
2,529
1,943
586
16,486
8,101
8,386
1999
636
23
198
324
91
2,701
2,113
588
17,411
8,405
9,006
2000
635
11
203
337
84
2,422
1,847
574
17,519
8,448
9,072
2001
689
12
224
360
93
3,320
2,660
661
20,769
10,644
10,124
2002
626
17
222
293
94
3,720
3,113
607
21,774
11,479
10,296
2003
676
123
130
326
93
2,210
1,574
636
22,142
11,401
10,741
2004
577
18
119
126
219
96
2,123
1,587
536
21,630
11,143
10,487
2005
707
224
28
350
104
3,960
3,269
691
23,038
11,816
11,222
2006
733
191
74
357
102
3,872
3,166
706
20,834
11,394
9,440
2007
955
181
62
150
352
209
2,679
1,868
811
19,905
10,604
9,301
2009
940
120
57
214
362
188
2,724
1,918
806
21,001
11,291
9,710
2008
Brunei Darussalam
655
1990
25
82
417
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
517
520
Gas
Total
251
888
1,140
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
1,740
Oil
1,685
1,449
236
1,743
Coal
Own Use
Total
1,269
1,269
407
88
30
289
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
1,175
Nuclear
Total
Hydro
Thermal
1,175
309
Oil
Coal
977
708
268
508
505
1,380
1,380
526
109
61
355
1992
697
406
291
531
527
1,547
1,547
526
109
61
355
1993
1,089
762
327
667
667
1,663
1,663
564
131
17
416
1994
1,504
1,164
340
1,316
1,312
2,182
2,182
632
149
33
451
1995
1,551
1,179
371
1,340
1,336
2,502
2,502
735
204
26
505
1996
1,610
1,203
407
1,448
1,443
2,710
2,710
801
228
25
548
1997
1,600
1,239
361
1,467
1,462
2,807
2,807
748
234
24
491
1998
1,615
1,292
323
1,223
1,219
2,731
2,731
665
241
23
400
1999
1,468
1,151
317
1,383
1,378
2,842
2,842
636
213
22
401
2000
1,417
1,079
338
1,419
1,419
2,910
2,910
635
214
26
395
2001
1,978
1,506
472
1,897
1,891
3,017
3,017
689
225
30
434
2002
1,942
1,500
441
1,965
1,959
3,169
3,169
626
233
27
365
2003
1,461
1,008
453
1,117
1,110
186
65
121
3,236
3,236
676
262
14
400
2004
1,392
1,017
375
1,086
1,078
195
65
130
3,264
3,264
577
264
13
300
2005
2,087
1,606
481
1,931
1,923
298
298
3,299
3,299
707
258
13
436
2006
2,078
1,576
502
1,900
1,893
280
280
3,395
3,395
733
268
29
436
2007
2,127
1,581
546
1,993
1,985
2,105
1,561
544
1,974
1,966
368
278
368
3,611
3,611
955
279
30
646
2009
278
3,423
3,423
940
270
28
642
2008
656
14.0
477
GDP - Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
431
87
636.7
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
6.50
4.52
0.55
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.47
3.66
188
4,751
1,668.9
706.5
101
401
1.97
7.80
454
13.5
15,681
19,478
13,729
4,184
5,197
66.9
267
1992
0.26
2.54
134
4,620
1,807.8
516.7
101
512
1.92
9.73
529
13.2
14,964
18,998
13,771
4,106
5,212
67.5
274
1993
0.46
3.86
202
5,403
1,637.1
605.9
105
445
2.00
8.48
545
13.8
14,494
19,065
14,204
4,087
5,376
68.0
282
1994
0.55
5.19
268
5,969
1,374.6
541.4
113
483
2.18
9.36
544
14.5
16,346
19,396
14,840
4,734
5,617
68.6
290
1995
0.55
5.22
268
7,984
1,191.8
500.8
127
486
2.47
9.46
562
14.1
17,213
19,445
15,267
5,116
5,779
69.1
297
1996
0.56
5.28
283
8,686
1,049.6
480.4
141
508
2.63
9.48
399
14.3
17,056
18,685
15,042
5,197
5,694
69.6
305
1997
0.55
5.12
283
8,702
1,083.3
457.6
132
514
2.40
9.33
347
15 .4
12,975
18,135
14,958
4,051
5,662
70.1
312
1998
0.64
5.05
277
8,776
1,330.5
551.9
114
433
2.08
7.91
490
15 .3
14,391
18,254
15,415
4,600
5,835
70.6
320
1999
0.54
4.49
245
7,563
1,432.4
544.7
106
450
1.94
8.26
555
15 .4
18,350
18,350
15,854
6,001
6,001
71.1
327
2000
0.59
4.24
230
7,458
1,479.6
623.4
103
393
1.90
7.24
588
15 .0
16,752
18,441
16,289
5,601
6,166
71.6
334
2001
0.60
5.79
309
7,646
1,432.0
525.5
108
518
2.02
9.72
621
15 .4
17,107
18,750
16,920
5,843
6,405
72.1
342
2002
0.52
5.57
295
7,782
1,595.6
485.3
95
564
1.79
10.67
656
15 .4
18,801
18,897
17,411
6,557
6,591
72.5
349
2003
0.66
4.11
221
8,572
1,589.5
902.0
102
334
1.90
6.21
693
15 .2
22,117
18,609
17,499
7,872
6,624
73.0
356
2004
0.66
3.83
209
8,452
1,856.6
918.8
87
319
1.59
5.85
733
14.8
26,248
18,312
17,567
9,531
6,649
73.5
363
2005
0.53
5.63
301
8,104
1,523.0
481.8
102
570
1.91
10.69
776
14.3
30,975
18,746
18,339
11,471
6,942
73.9
370
2006
0.54
5.50
299
8,252
1,237.5
438.0
105
557
1.94
10.26
821
13.8
32,443
18,417
18,368
12,248
6,953
74.4
378
2007
0.77
5.47
309
8,177
1,103.9
670.9
138
400
2.44
7.08
869
14.5
37,414
17,723
18,012
14,393
6,818
74.8
385
2008
0.79
5.43
318
8,278
1,047.1
642.9
143
400
2.44
6.84
921
27,390
17,092
17,694
10,732
6,697
75.3
392
2009
0.53
340
237

2000 $ million)
3,960
3,784
768.4
427.9
82
642
1.57
12.28
496
14 .1
person)
19,954.1
1.65
8.22
13,964
14,272
19,126
19,075
2000 $)
3,702
13,105
3,521
12,705
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
4,961
66.4
259
1991
4,809

million)
252
65.8
Urban Population, %
1990
Brunei Darussalam
657
7.2 Cambodia

181,040
13,978
7.4
24.0


Biomass: 3,664
Hydro: 4
Imports: 1,544
Oil: 1,472
Electricity: 72
442
154
Transformation:
596
104
1,150
3,514
Biomass: 3,514
Electricity: 152
Oil: 998
(Discrepancy: 1)
Others: 117
Residential: 4,042
Transport: 370
Industry: 82
Commercial: 53
658
Cambodia
Table 7.2.1
659

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
9,532
11,169
12,447
13,358
13,978
2.6
3.7
5.7
7.4
9.1
12.9
20.1
26.3
230
294
428
533
811
1,035
1,508
1,879
= no data available; GDP = gross domestic product, PPP = purchasing power parity.
Source: World Bank.
Table 7.2.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

2,901
3,203
3,479
3,668
Net Imports
472
776
1,277
1,513
Total PES
3,373
3,979
4,756
5,181
Coal
Oil
472
776
1,270
1,441
Gas
Biomass
2,901
3,203
3,475
3,664
Others
11
76
TPES/capita (toe)
0.30
0.32
0.36
0.37
372
309
236
197
Industry
30
51
82
Transportation
272
287
420
370
Other Sectors
2,878
3,348
3,852
4,212
Total FEC
3,154
3,665
4,323
4,664
Coal
Oil
357
557
921
998
Gas
Electricity
10
31
64
152
Biomass
2,787
3,077
3,338
3,514
Others
660
Figure 7.2.1

1995
Others
0.0%
Commercial
0.1%
2009
Industry
0.1%
Commercial
1.1%
Transport
8.6%
Others Industry
1.8% Transport
2.5%
7.9%
Residential
91.2%
Residential
86.7%
3,154 ktoe
4,664 ktoe

Figure 7.2.2

1995
Oil
11.3%
2009
Electricity
0.3%
Oil
21.4%
Electricity
3.3%
Biomass
88.4%
3,154 ktoe
Biomass
75.3%
4,664 ktoe
Cambodia

6,000
5,000
ktoe
4,000
Biomass 3,664
3,000
2,000
Biomass 2,901
Hydro 4
1,000
Oil 1,441
Hydro 0
Oil 472
1995
2009

Figure 7.2.4

1995
Hydro
0.0%
2009
Hydro
0.1%
Biomass
100.0%
Biomass
99.9%
2,901 ktoe
3,668 ktoe

661
662
Figure 7.2.5

1995
2009
Others
0.5%
Hydro
3.9%
Others
0.0%
Hydro
0.0%
Thermal
100.0%
Thermal
95.6%
198 GWh
1,206 GWh
Figure 7.2.6

1995
Commercial
30.0%
2009
Industry
18.4%
Industry
10.0%
Commercial
34.9%
Residential
60.0%
Residential
46.7%
116 GWh
1,767 GWh
Cambodia
Figure 7.2.7

1995
2009
Oil
100.0%
Oil
100.0%
387 kt C
1,171 kt C

Figure 7.2.8
19952009
5,000
4,500
4,000
3,500
ktoe
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
500
663
664
Figure 7.2.9
19952009

19952009
6,000
5,000
4,500
5,000
4,000
3,500
4,000
ktoe
ktoe
3,000
2,500
3,000
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,000
1,000
1,400
3,000
1,200
2,500
1,000

2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Thermal
Biomass
Hydro
Others
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
1999
1998
1997
1996
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
200
1999
500
1998
400
1997
1,000
1996
600
1995
1,500
Hydro
Others
800
1995
2,000
2009
3,500
2008
1,600
GWh
4,000
2009
Figure 7.2.12
19952009
2007
Figure 7.2.11
19952009
Biomass
2008

ktoe

2000
Hydro
2007
Oil
Biomass
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Electricity
2000
Oil
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
500
Cambodia
Figure 7.2.13
19952009
665

1,400
600
1,200
500
1,000
400
kt C
ktoe
800
300
600
200
400
100
Oil
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
200
Oil

Sources: IEA (2011b).


Figure 7.2.16
19952009
1,400
250
250
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
600
100
400
50
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
200
1997
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
50
150
800
1996
100
1,000
1995
150
200
1,200
200
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
1,035
102
436
436
538
394
47
979
13
396
396
1,388
27
1,415
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
13
13
150
163
163
163
72
72
72
72
72
72
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
89
31
31
120
241
25
386
202
202
587
587
22
25
14
194
194
233
233
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Cambodia Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.2.3
333
333
333
333
333
333
LPG
4.5
4.6
1,035
27
27
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
51
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
3,391
3,391
3,391
3,391
139
140
3,531
3,531
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
41
32
73
73
14
87
17
94
94
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
1,088
102
3,868
32
3,900
4,002
394
61
4,457
12
17
139
307
446
4,932
27
1,424
3,535
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
666
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
1,294
112
443
443
555
393
52
1,000
495
495
1,496
30
1,526
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
14
14
166
180
180
180
73
73
73
73
73
73
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
98
31
31
129
224
27
380
252
252
633
633
25
28
243
243
271
271
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.2.4
339
339
339
339
339
339
LPG
4.5
4.6
1,294
30
30
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
50
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
3,446
3,446
3,446
3,446
142
144
3,590
3,590
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
53
39
92
92
24
116
20
116
116
14
14
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
1,349
112
3,942
39
3,981
4,093
393
76
4,562
20
142
385
527
5,104
30
1,540
3,594
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Cambodia
667
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
1,410
119
450
450
569
389
55
1,013
540
540
1,553
32
1,585
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
15
177
192
192
192
74
74
74
74
74
74
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
104
31
31
135
209
29
373
275
275
648
648
26
29
265
265
294
294
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.2.5
345
345
345
345
345
345
LPG
4.5
4.6
1,410
32
32
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
46
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
3,457
3,457
3,457
3,457
145
147
3,604
3,604
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
64
48
112
112
23
135
23
126
126
32
32
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
1,461
119
3,971
48
4,019
4,138
389
78
4,605
23
145
420
565
5,193
32
1,617
3,608
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
668
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
1,153
117
457
457
574
370
54
998
442
442
1,441
31
1,472
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15
15
173
188
188
188
75
75
75
75
75
75
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
102
32
32
134
194
28
356
225
225
582
582
26
29
217
217
246
246
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.2.6
350
350
350
350
350
350
LPG
4.5
4.6
1,153
31
31
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
47
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
3,514
3,514
3,514
3,514
148
150
3,664
3,664
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
71
53
124
124
28
152
24
104
104
72
72
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
1,206
117
4,042
53
4,095
4,212
370
82
4,664
24
148
344
492
5,181
31
1,544
3,668
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Cambodia
669
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Coal
Coal
1990
1991
1993
1992
1994
Cambodia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 7.2.7
3,154
2,875
272
3,373
2,901
472
2,901
2,901
1995
3,227
2,947
272
3,481
2,959
522
2,959
2,959
1996
3,269
3,011
248
3,640
3,018
622
3,018
3,018
1997
3,472
3,141
300
25
3,816
3,078
738
3,078
3,078
1998
3,557
3,234
289
27
3,890
3,140
750
3,140
3,140
1999
3,665
3,339
287
30
3,979
3,203
776
3,203
3,203
2000
3,770
11
3,416
310
33
4,163
3,256
907
3,256
3,256
2001
3,852
13
3,489
330
20
4,296
3,312
982
3,314
3,312
2002
3,953
18
3,557
356
22
4,441
3,366
1,070
3,370
3,366
2003
4,209
111
18
3,642
390
48
4,623
3,420
1,196
3,422
3,420
2004
4,323
108
21
3,723
420
51
4,756
3,475
1,270
3,479
3,475
2005
4,457
102
32
3,868
394
61
4,932
3,531
1,388
3,535
3,531
2006
4,562
112
39
3,942
393
76
5,104
14
3,590
1,496
3,594
3,590
2007
4,664
117
53
4,042
370
82
5,181
72
3,664
1,441
3,668
3,664
2009
4,605
119
48
3,971
389
78
5,193
32
3,604
1,553
3,608
3,604
2008
670
1990
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Total
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Thermal
Coal
1992
1993
1994
387
387
116
116
93
12
81
198
198
3,154
2,787
10
357
1995
413
413
136
136
70
12
58
251
251
3,227
2,842
15
370
1996
499
499
258
258
81
12
70
318
318
3,269
2,900
21
348
1997
606
606
252
252
93
12
81
376
376
3,472
2,958
25
489
1998
611
611
232
232
128
12
116
410
410
3,557
3,016
25
516
1999
665
665
261
261
93
12
81
451
451
3,665
3,077
31
557
2000
766
766
335
335
140
12
128
536
536
3,770
3,128
36
606
2001
804
804
359
359
105
12
93
566
29
537
3,852
3,182
40
630
2002
862
862
385
385
105
12
93
635
41
594
3,953
3,233
46
674
2003
968
968
319
319
186
12
174
765
28
737
4,209
3,285
55
869
2004
1,028
1,028
340
340
221
23
198
880
44
836
4,323
3,338
64
921
2005
1,119
1,119
396
396
198
58
140
1,088
51
1,035
4,457
3,391
87
979
2006
1,220
1,220
495
495
233
70
163
1,349
50
1,294
4,562
3,446
116
1,000
2007
1,171
1,171
442
442
1,269
1,269
540
540
279
58
70
267
221
1,206
47
1,153
4,664
3,514
152
998
2009
198
1,461
46
1,410
4,605
3,457
135
1,013
2008
Cambodia
671
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
13.2
10,206
1992
8.0
240
210
7,799
2,534
2,211
13.6
10,539
1993
8.0
257
222
8,509
2,791
2,412
13.9
10,862
1994
0.11
0.03
151
10
100.0
14.0
1,228
1,314
0.28
0.30
8.8
308
230
9,057
3,441
2,568
14.2
11,169
1995
0.12
0.04
153
15
100.0
15.0
1,192
1,286
0.28
0.30
9.4
306
236
9,547
3,507
2,707
14.7
11,459
1996
0.14
0.04
175
21
100.0
17.1
1,143
1,273
0.28
0.31
11 .4
294
244
10,084
3,443
2,859
15.3
11,731
1997
0.16
0.05
202
24
100.0
19.3
1,157
1,271
0.29
0.32
12.5
260
250
10,589
3,120
3,002
15.8
11,986
1998
0.16
0.05
182
24
100.0
19.3
1,059
1,158
0.29
0.32
13.4
288
275
11,850
3,517
3,360
16.4
12,224
1999
0.17
0.05
182
29
100.0
19.5
1,003
1,089
0.29
0.32
16 .0
294
294
12,889
3,654
3,654
16.9
12,447
2000
0.18
0.06
194
33
100.0
21.8
955
1,055
0.30
0.33
17.1
315
312
13,925
3,980
3,948
17.5
12,654
2001
0.19
0.06
191
36
100.0
22.9
915
1,020
0.30
0.33
13
18.3
334
328
14,856
4,284
4,212
18.0
12,845
2002
0.19
0.07
189
41
100.0
24.1
865
972
0.30
0.34
12
18.9
358
351
16,120
4,658
4,570
18.6
13,024
2003
0.21
0.07
192
48
100.0
26.0
835
917
0.32
0.35
13
20 .2
405
382
17,787
5,338
5,043
19.1
13,194
2004
0.22
0.08
180
56
100.0
26.9
757
833
0.32
0.36
13
19.6
471
428
20,143
6,293
5,711
19.7
13,358
2005
0.23
0.08
177
75
100.0
28.3
705
780
0.33
0.36
13
20.8
538
468
22,313
7,274
6,326
20.3
13,516
2006
0.24
0.09
175
99
100.0
29.6
654
732
0.33
0.37
14
20.5
632
510
24,592
8,639
6,972
20.9
13,670
2007
0.24
0.09
171
114
100.0
30.5
619
698
0.33
0.38
14
19.8
749
538
26,237
10,352
7,438
21.6
13,823
2008
0.23
0.08
157
126
100.0
29.2
626
696
0.33
0.37
14
16.7
744
533
26,260
10,402
7,445
22.2
13,978
2009
2000 $)
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
12.9
9,868
12.6
1991
GDP (constant 2000

$ million)
9,532
Urban Population, %
1990
672
7.3 Indonesia

1,904,570
5,529.0
237,414
112.5
258.6
3,750.0
64.5

Oil: 18,284
Coal: 40
Imports:
18,325
Biomass: 44,988
Geothermal: 7,244
Gas: 77,022
Oil: 54,431
Coal: 150,835
Hydro: 954
Oil: 976
Stock Changes: 976

Imports: 18,856
Oil: 18,856
Transformation
Losses: 49,924
Oil: 1,118
Exports: 168,980
Others: 1,118
45,885
SECONDARY
COMMODITIES: 65,859
62,229
Transfers: 1,118
74,924
Biomass: 44,971
Gas: 18,688
Electricity: 11,584
Oil: 50,616
Commercial: 4,184
Others: 8,960
Residential: 48,988

137,153
Transport: 30,729
Industry: 44,293
Coal: 11,294

137,153
673
674
Table 7.3.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
184,346
199,400
213,395
227,303
237,414
109.2
159.4
165.0
207.9
258.6
370.2
540.6
559.7
705.2
877.1
592
799
773
915
1,089
2,008
2,711
2,623
3,102
3,694
Socioeconomic Data

Source: World Bank.
Table 7.3.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

119,434
168,134
183,995
249,683
335,475
Net Imports
66,183
85,556
82,759
75,188
132,470
Total PES
53,252
82,578
101,236
174,495
203,005
Coal
4,056
6,579
10,956
23,742
32,805
Oil
30,430
33,909
51,023
62,914
72,172
Gas
16,889
38,832
34,048
37,710
44,842
Biomass
228
160
43,525
44,988
1,876
3,030
5,049
6,604
8,198
TPES/capita (toe)
0.29
0.41
0.47
0.77
0.86
144
153
181
247
231
Industry
11,767
19,678
22,658
36,023
44,293
Transportation
11,205
16,673
21,452
25,858
30,729
Other Sectors
10,985
12,920
19,459
56,387
62,132
Total FEC
33,956
49,272
63,569
118,267
137,153
Coal
1,149
1,116
2,053
8,499
11,294
Oil
24,681
33,260
44,061
45,952
50,616
Gas
5,504
7,831
8,089
11,093
18,688
Electricity
2,624
7,065
9,365
9,205
11,584
Biomass
43,518
44,971
Others
Others
Thermal
Industry
Figure 7.3.1
Indonesia
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Others
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others

1990
2009
Others
6.5%
Commercial
3.1%
Others
11.3%
Commercial
0.0%
Industry
32.3%
Industry
34.7%
Residential
21.0%
Transport
33.0%
Residential
35.7%
Transport
22.4%
33,956 ktoe
137,153 ktoe

Thermal
Figure 7.3.2
Hydro
Coal
Oil
Nuclear
Gas
Geothermal
Electricity
Others
Heat
Biomass

1990
2009
Coal
8.2%
Biomass
0.0%
Electricity
7.7%
Coal
3.4%
Biomass
32.8%
Gas
16.2%
Oil
36.9%
Oil
72.7%
Electricity
8.4%
33,956 ktoe
Gas
13.6%
137,153 ktoe
Others
675

Thermal
Hydro
Gas
Coal
Oil
Hydro
Nuclear
Nuclear
Geothermal
Geothermal
Others
Biomass
Others

250,000
200,000
Biomass 44,988
Hydro 954
Geothermal 7,244
150,000
ktoe
676
Gas 44,842
100,000
Biomass 0
Oil 72,172
Geothermal 941
50,000
Gas 16,889
Hydro 935
Oil 30,430
Coal 32,805
Coal 4,056
1990
2009

Thermal
Coal
Figure 7.3.4
OilHydroGas
Nuclear
Hydro
GeothermalGeothermal
Others Biomass
Nuclear

1990
Geothermal
0.8%
Hydro
0.8%
2009
Biomass
0.0%
Coal
4.8%
Gas
34.4%
Oil
59.2%
Geothermal
2.2%
Biomass
13.4%
Hydro
0.3%
Coal
45.0%
Gas
23.0%
Oil
16.2%
119,434 ktoe
335,475 ktoe
Others
Thermal
Figure 7.3.5
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Indonesia
Others

1990
2009
Others
0.0%
Geothermal
5.5%
Hydro
7.3%
Geothermal
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Hydro
29.7%
Thermal
70.3%
Thermal
87.1%
36,640 GWh
152,018 GWh
Thermal
Industry
Figure 7.3.6
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Others
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others

1990
2009
Others
0.0%
Commercial
0.0%
Others
15.1%
Residential
28.5%
Commercial
24.8%
Industry
34.3%
Industry
56.3%
Transport
0.0%
30,506 GWh
Residential
40.8%
134,693 GWh
Transport
0.1%
677

Thermal
Hydro
Gas
Coal
Oil
Hydro
Figure 7.3.7
Nuclear
Nuclear
Geothermal
Geothermal
Others
Biomass
Others

1990
Gas
24.3%
2009
Gas
22.8%
Coal
9.8%
Coal
34.0%
Oil
65.9%
Oil
43.1%
37,134 kt C
105,829 kt C

Figure 7.3.8
19902009
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
ktoe
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
678
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
Indonesia
Figure 7.3.9
19902009
679

19902009
250,000
160,000
140,000
200,000
120,000
150,000
ktoe
ktoe
100,000
80,000
100,000
60,000
40,000
50,000
20,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Coal
Biomass
Oil
Gas
Hydro


Figure 7.3.11
19902009
Figure 7.3.12
19902009
Geothermal
Biomass
160,000
350,000
140,000
300,000
120,000
250,000
GWh
150,000
80,000
60,000
100,000
40,000
20,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
50,000
Coal
Oil
Gas

Hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe
100,000
200,000
Thermal
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
680
Figure 7.3.13
19902009

120,000
40,000
35,000
100,000
30,000
80,000
kt C
ktoe
25,000
20,000
15,000
60,000
40,000
10,000
20,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal



Figure 7.3.16
19902009
250
Energy intensity (toe/constant 2000 $ million)
200
100
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
50
CO2 Emissions
Gas
900
500
800
450
400
700
350
600
300
500
250
400
200
300
150
200
100
100
50
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
150
Oil
Energy intensity
Carbon intensity

Carbon intensity (t C/constant 2000 $ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5,000
60
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
58,630
11,527
11,527
677
3.
4.
16
16
16
16
16
16
41,126
2,270
44,402
44,402
46,672
18,019
15,768
48,922
8,653
143
8,797
8,797
25,507
8,717
43,021
5,744
45,840
8,709
37,131
11,634
5,829
17,462
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
13,699
13,699
915
8,827
8,827
5,787
5,787
7,877
7,877
7,877
40
7,918
427
6,753
6,753
739
739
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
9,672
6,287
15,959
794
12,942
6,648
6,294
8,871
8,871
228
2,223
2,451
255
3,437
2,061
1,376
1,331
1,331
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
19
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
15,092
15,111
27,315
78,093
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
105,348
Coal
1.
Indonesia Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.3.3
776
143
920
920
168
1,088
45
1,260
1,260
217
285
68
LPG
4.5
4.6
1,907
1,907
5,839
12,621
12,621
4,876
5,543
667
Other
Petroleum
Products
17,039
4,366
16
26
43
43
6,244
10,657
4,806
11,230
7,906
3,752
11,659
38,352
29,590
67,942
Gas
5.
9,623
821
821
821
821
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
5,726
5,726
5,726
5,726
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
32
36,636
226
36,862
36,862
7,494
44,356
44,365
44,365
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
379
3,763
1,791
5,554
5,934
3,751
9,684
76
1,687
11,447
11,447
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
126,450
4,366
379
49,085
2,187
51,272
51,651
25,512
37,733
119,262
13,572
12,917
1,438
7,906
22,664
29,134
174,885
131,531
33,291
273,125
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Indonesia
681
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
63,817
16,199
16,199
28
3.
4.
17
17
24
24
37,776
336
61
43,789
43,789
620
44,134
212
17,633
15,483
46,073
5,301
3,127
7,932
1,259
9,191
12,318
26,501
7,613
51,733
86
46,186
10,278
35,908
620
15,292
167
6,284
21,743
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
15,591
15,591
31
10,237
10,237
5,385
723
6,115
312
6,822
377
7,199
7,510
455
7,969
16
6,648
6,648
1,337
511
826
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
2,509
705
705
3,214
8,818
5,091
17,123
34
12,615
7,602
5,013
12,144
683
147
11,608
306
306
37
1,902
2,244
3,767
2,676
1,090
1,159
778
129
2,066
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
18,110
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
18,138
34,337
2,501
89,646
38
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
121,445
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.3.4
1,110
178
1,288
1,288
165
1,453
978
978
620
145
105
328
78
LPG
4.5
4.6
5,301
2,053
7,354
11,942
11,942
4,588
35
5,672
1,050
Other
Petroleum
Products
22,504
2,197
17
35
51
51
7,658
9,912
1,390
9,966
6,915
4,793
11,707
32,975
30,563
63,537
Gas
5.
11,287
971
971
971
971
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
6,038
6,038
6,038
6,038
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
36
37,192
226
37,418
37,418
6,784
44,202
12
12
44,214
44,214
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
4,070
2,418
6,488
6,488
3,939
10,435
221
2,036
12,250
12,250
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
135,420
7,498
3,127
49,211
3,938
53,148
56,275
26,515
42,211
132,499
833
12,154
2,397
6,915
27,952
32,474
177,960
2,546
144,127
37,263
282,278
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
682
63
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
61,392
22,357
22,357
3.
4.
21
21
21
21
40,449
26
939
47,601
47,601
1,087
49,601
976
20,619
12,839
56,405
10,790
2,642
7,495
1,060
8,555
11,197
26,001
6,288
54,276
2,309
78
44,650
9,692
34,958
1,087
20,618
20,618
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
16,152
16,152
582
32
9,691
9,691
7,075
7,075
256
5,595
309
5,904
6,160
373
6,536
43
13
6,317
6,317
275
275
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
2,155
608
608
2,763
7,618
4,318
14,698
26
29
11,737
6,508
5,229
9,525
9,525
232
232
28
1,440
1,699
1,395
3,693
3,183
509
2,588
2,588
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
25
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
18,252
18,277
40,635
94,080
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
134,652
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.3.5
1,900
144
2,043
2,043
157
2,200
316
931
931
1,087
499
499
LPG
4.5
4.6
10,790
2,201
12,990
54
12,281
12,281
656
656
Other
Petroleum
Products
27,711
3,051
18
50
68
68
17
9,452
12,589
1,424
12,030
6,727
5,961
12,689
38,731
33,873
72,604
Gas
5.
11,528
991
991
991
991
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
7,146
7,146
7,146
7,146
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
47
37,415
225
37,640
37,640
7,126
44,767
14
14
44,781
44,781
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
4,316
2,654
6,970
6,970
4,125
11,103
251
1,498
12,852
12,852
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
141,127
13,841
2,642
49,244
3,990
53,234
55,876
26,025
49,370
145,112
3,958
14,545
2,952
6,727
29,205
38,889
202,503
976
148,572
33,520
316,579
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Indonesia
683
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
63,218
11,265
11,265
36
3.
4.
29
29
29
29
31,900
1,223
50,975
50,975
1,118
53,316
976
20,376
18,284
54,431
3,175
2,735
6,665
983
7,648
10,383
30,711
6,347
50,616
2,062
78
40,971
8,188
32,783
1,118
18,856
18,856
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
18,879
18,879
762
32
9,609
9,609
8,539
8,539
155
3,385
187
3,572
3,726
226
3,954
119
3,843
3,843
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
2,385
674
674
3,059
9,503
4,776
17,338
1,862
35
14,047
5,137
8,910
6,601
6,601
195
195
24
1,212
1,430
1,796
3,693
3,051
642
2,588
2,588
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
21,503
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
21,539
32,805
1,647
116,424
40
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
150,835
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.3.6
3,281
122
3,403
3,403
134
3,536
406
918
918
1,118
1,095
1,095
LPG
4.5
4.6
3,175
2,305
5,480
3,414
8,862
8,862
32
32
Other
Petroleum
Products
37,334
3,051
18
102
121
121
15,509
18,688
2,344
13,420
6,406
8,674
15,079
44,842
32,180
77,022
Gas
5.
11,095
954
954
954
954
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
8,423
7,244
7,244
7,244
7,244
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
47
37,579
224
37,803
37,803
7,169
44,971
17
17
44,988
44,988
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
4,725
2,875
7,600
7,600
10
3,974
11,584
196
1,294
13,074
13,074
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
152,018
6,226
2,735
48,988
4,184
53,172
55,907
30,729
44,293
137,153
1,136
14,792
10,005
6,406
33,506
49,924
203,005
671
168,980
37,181
335,475
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
684
Biomass
Others
935
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Biomass
Others
33,956
Commercial
Total
7,133
Residential
3,852
11,205
Others
11,767
Industry
Transport
53,252
Wind
Total
Solar
941
16,889
Oil
Geothermal
4,056
30,430
Coal
119,434
Wind
Total
941
Solar
Geothermal
Nuclear
41,040
Gas
935
70,733
Oil
Hydro
5,785
Coal
1990
36,218
3,875
7,462
12,116
12,766
38,767
3,865
7,996
12,910
13,997
62,157
58,217
98
882
1,189
21,598
34,563
3,826
137,015
98
882
1,189
49,234
73,000
12,612
1992
961
916
20,337
31,439
4,564
133,444
961
916
46,671
77,067
7,828
1991
41,102
4,121
8,219
13,652
15,109
67,615
77
936
1,147
22,236
37,595
5,625
140,898
77
936
1,147
50,710
72,587
15,443
1993
44,562
4,139
8,662
15,309
16,453
61,190
123
1,378
1,128
22,201
32,092
4,268
146,142
123
1,378
1,128
53,230
73,146
17,138
1994
Indonesia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 7.3.7
49,272
3,292
9,628
16,673
19,678
82,578
228
1,895
1,136
38,832
33,909
6,579
168,134
228
1,895
1,136
68,017
72,904
23,955
1995
53,475
3,503
10,429
18,609
20,934
93,537
185
2,024
1,169
40,683
40,911
8,565
177,079
185
2,024
1,169
71,754
73,127
28,820
1996
56,446
4,139
10,975
20,411
20,920
93,673
126
2,427
892
40,333
41,832
8,064
179,130
126
2,427
892
71,800
72,474
31,412
1997
56,256
4,865
11,508
19,985
19,900
88,044
154
3,309
1,160
35,897
38,693
8,830
179,114
154
3,309
1,160
67,555
71,293
35,642
1998
61,002
5,349
13,102
20,136
22,415
89,922
160
3,349
1,119
35,523
38,713
11,056
182,300
160
3,349
1,119
69,584
65,928
42,158
1999
63,569
5,003
14,457
21,452
22,658
101,236
160
4,187
862
34,048
51,023
10,956
183,995
160
4,187
862
65,798
68,981
44,007
2000
68,387
7,939
13,032
21,538
25,878
94,213
5,082
916
24,905
48,488
14,822
168,460
5,082
916
50,189
61,956
50,316
2001
69,641
7,458
15,741
22,085
24,357
100,416
5,364
855
27,483
50,841
15,873
175,363
5,364
855
55,246
57,692
56,206
2002
65,741
9,047
16,439
20,965
19,289
103,353
5,413
783
35,667
45,939
15,551
184,957
5,413
783
63,621
53,003
62,138
2003
117,315
10,143
3,297
47,870
22,623
33,383
167,054
38,199
5,723
832
42,748
58,570
20,983
239,795
38,199
5,723
832
69,693
53,388
71,960
2004
118,267
4,883
1,907
49,597
25,858
36,023
174,495
43,525
5,679
925
37,710
62,914
23,742
249,683
43,525
5,679
925
68,663
48,137
82,754
2005
119,262
4,745
2,187
49,085
25,512
37,733
174,885
44,365
5,726
821
38,352
58,305
27,315
273,125
44,365
5,726
821
67,942
48,922
105,348
2006
132,499
10,624
3,938
49,211
26,515
42,211
177,960
44,214
6,038
971
32,975
59,425
34,337
282,278
44,214
6,038
971
63,537
46,073
121,445
2007
137,153
8,960
4,184
48,988
30,729
44,293
203,005
44,988
7,244
954
44,842
72,172
32,805
335,475
44,988
7,244
954
77,022
54,431
150,835
2009
145,112
16,483
3,990
49,244
26,025
49,370
202,503
44,781
7,146
991
38,731
70,219
40,635
316,579
44,781
7,146
991
72,604
56,405
134,652
2008
Indonesia
685
1990
Solar
Wind
Others
249
6,266
Gas
Total
3,649
24,467
9,017
37,134
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
300
3,764
Oil
40,754
9,983
26,389
4,382
7,455
4,624
2,252
Coal
2,531
Own Use
Total
40,785
10,651
30,134
36,218
2,945
5,664
26,047
1,562
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
36,640
Total
Geothermal
10,869
Hydro
Nuclear
25,771
Thermal
33,956
Others
Total
2,624
Electricity
5,504
Gas
Biomass
24,681
Oil
Heat
1,149
Coal
43,548
10,434
28,606
4,507
8,027
289
5,147
2,592
45,541
13,831
31,710
38,767
3,363
5,703
28,106
1,594
1992
45,481
10,909
30,271
4,301
9,202
952
5,914
2,337
49,927
13,331
36,596
41,102
3,701
6,134
29,613
1,653
1993
47,994
12,869
29,907
5,218
9,976
3,798
3,401
2,777
56,108
13,118
42,990
44,562
4,207
6,422
31,858
2,075
1994
53,843
17,124
32,522
4,197
15,354
9,515
2,676
3,163
89,533
13,204
76,329
49,272
7,065
7,831
33,260
1,116
1995
59,959
18,105
35,188
6,667
17,938
9,557
3,003
5,378
96,743
13,590
83,153
53,475
7,637
8,699
36,022
1,117
1996
63,295
16,347
38,876
8,071
21,584
9,962
5,183
6,439
106,858
10,369
96,489
56,446
8,390
8,306
38,528
1,221
1997
60,567
14,330
37,618
8,620
20,364
9,554
3,846
6,965
104,075
13,491
90,584
56,256
8,212
7,837
38,893
1,315
1998
65,415
16,738
38,717
9,960
21,753
9,898
3,693
8,161
109,478
13,015
96,463
61,002
10,301
8,296
40,531
1,874
1999
72,993
20,042
41,915
11,035
25,017
10,468
4,501
10,048
117,931
10,022
107,909
63,569
9,365
8,089
44,061
2,053
2000
67,921
14,680
38,126
15,115
19,786
4,604
4,570
10,612
124,088
10,651
113,437
68,387
9,795
10,345
43,974
4,272
2001
66,014
11,347
39,711
14,956
20,559
4,190
5,485
10,884
131,279
9,940
121,339
69,641
10,093
9,529
44,999
5,020
2002
71,325
14,592
37,631
19,101
23,022
4,205
6,314
12,503
135,995
9,106
126,889
65,741
10,481
10,637
39,434
5,189
2003
88,809
19,688
47,581
21,540
25,082
4,427
8,214
12,441
15,501
15,501
113,486
9,674
103,812
117,315
38,192
9,117
14,682
48,138
7,186
2004
86,740
15,628
46,463
24,649
26,638
3,423
9,259
13,956
18,256
4,019
14,237
120,723
10,759
109,964
118,267
43,518
9,205
11,093
45,952
8,499
2005
85,649
13,628
42,783
29,238
27,554
3,752
8,709
15,092
19,611
4,274
15,338
126,450
32
9,623
116,795
119,262
44,356
9,684
10,657
43,021
11,543
2006
99,066
14,396
46,978
37,692
33,181
4,793
10,278
18,110
23,675
3,206
20,469
135,420
36
11,287
124,097
132,499
44,202
10,435
9,912
51,733
16,217
2007
105,829
24,169
45,642
36,017
38,365
8,674
8,188
21,503
106,856
17,635
44,624
44,597
33,905
5,961
9,692
18,252
15,048
5,069
17,417
15,048
152,018
47
8,423
11,095
132,453
137,153
44,971
11,584
18,688
50,616
11,294
2009
12,348
141,127
47
11,528
129,552
145,112
44,767
11,103
12,589
54,276
22,378
2008
686
621
22.1
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
0.70
0.70
0.23
342
205
111.2
120.4
304
488
0.20
0.33
16
22.9
730
669
432,407
139,116
127,480
32.6
190,512
1992
0.67
0.24
333
222
93.1
108.4
301
495
0.21
0.35
17
23.5
816
707
463,774
158,007
136,728
33.6
193,526
1993
0.78
0.24
326
249
127.9
138.8
303
416
0.23
0.31
18
24.5
900
748
498,743
176,892
147,037
34.6
196,488
1994
0.65
0.27
338
412
115.0
103.6
309
518
0.25
0.41
20
25.1
1,014
799
540,619
202,132
159,383
35.6
199,400
1995
0.64
0.30
349
439
78.7
89.3
312
545
0.26
0.46
22
26.0
1,124
848
581,938
227,370
171,564
36.9
202,257
1996
0.68
0.31
352
476
73.3
91.2
314
521
0.28
0.46
23
26 .1
1,052
876
609,288
215,749
179,627
38.2
205,063
1997
0.69
0.29
388
460
84.3
103.4
361
564
0.27
0.42
24
26.6
459
751
529,308
95,446
156,048
39.4
207,839
1998
0.73
0.31
416
569
70.3
102.7
388
572
0.29
0.43
25
27.5
665
747
533,496
140,001
157,283
40.7
210,611
1999
0.72
0.34
442
510
35.2
81.7
385
613
0.30
0.47
24
27.7
773
773
559,744
165,021
165,021
42.0
213,395
2000
0.72
0.31
397
527
27.8
78.8
400
551
0.32
0.44
24
27.7
742
791
580,138
160,447
171,033
43.2
216,203
2001
0.66
0.30
369
536
13.5
74.6
390
562
0.32
0.46
27
27.9
893
816
606,241
195,661
178,729
44.4
219,026
2002
0.69
0.32
381
549
15.4
79.0
351
552
0.30
0.47
28
28.0
1,058
844
635,222
234,772
187,273
45.7
221,839
2003
0.53
0.40
452
472
8.8
43.5
596
849
0.52
0.74
29
28.4
1,143
876
667,179
256,837
196,694
46.9
224,607
2004
0.50
0.38
417
471
23.5
43.1
569
839
0.52
0.77
30
28.1
1,258
915
705,159
285,869
207,891
48.1
227,303
2005
0.49
0.37
391
490
16.1
56.2
544
797
0.52
0.76
32
27.8
1,586
954
743,949
364,571
219,327
49.2
229,919
2006
0.56
0.43
425
522
22.5
58.6
568
763
0.57
0.77
33
27 .4
1,859
1,003
791,153
432,217
233,244
50.3
232,462
2007
0.53
0.45
432
550
19.7
56.3
587
819
0.62
0.86
35
26.8
2,172
1,052
838,731
510,245
247,270
51.5
234,951
2008
0.52
0.45
409
567
24.6
65.3
530
785
0.58
0.86
36
26.2
2,272
1,089
877,108
539,355
258,585
52.6
237,414
2009
0.70
0.22
0.20
CO2/capita (t C)
183
145.1
129.2
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
132.4
343
124.3
305
340
311
2000 $ million)
490

2000 $ million)
488
2000 $ million)
0.19
0.31
16
166
0.18
684
22 .3
person)
0.29
15
634
592
2000 $)

persons)
403,288
370,234
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
128,168
114,426
118,895
31.6
187,452
109,151
30.6
1991

million)
184,346
Urban Population, %
1990
Indonesia
687
7.4 Lao Peoples Democratic Republic

236,800
503.0
6,112
3.2
55.0

Coal: 29
Coal: 304
Hydro: 289
Biomass: 1,774
Imports: 29
Transformation: 513
(Discrepancy: 41)
Electricity: 101
Exports: 201
Imports: 735
Oil: 634
Transformation
Losses: 223
289

(Discrepancy: 110)
726
1,642
Biomass: 1,551
Electricity: 194
Oil: 532
Coal: 91
Exports: 165
688
Others: 23
Commercial: 328
Residential: 1,289
Transport: 504
Industry: 223
Table 7.4.1
689

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
4,192
4,795
5,317
5,753
6,112
1.0
1.3
1.7
2.4
3.2
3.9
5.3
7.2
9.7
13.1
227
268
326
409
519
937
1,106
1,346
1,685
2,139

Source: World Bank.
Table 7.4.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

Net Imports
Total PES
Coal
Oil
Gas
1,085
1,244
1,678
1,934
2,368
114
152
24
28
391
1,199
1,396
1,654
1,962
2,759
132
163
204
284
385
627
1,015
1,151
1,299
1,462
1,774
22
42
71
115
225
TPES/capita (toe)
0.29
0.29
0.31
0.34
0.45
305
263
231
202
211
39
48
63
79
223
Biomass
Others

Industry
Transportation
160
197
266
370
504
Other Sectors
893
1,022
1,173
1,338
1,640
1,092
1,268
1,502
1,787
2,368
Total FEC
Coal
91
163
200
272
377
532
Electricity
14
29
55
87
194
Biomass
915
1,039
1,174
1,322
1,551
Oil
Gas
Others
Source: Lao PDR Ministry of Energy and Mines (unpublished).
690
Figure 7.4.1

1990
Others
0.1%
2009
Industry
3.6%
Commercial
14.6%
Others
1.0%
Commercial
13.9%
Industry
9.4%
Transport
14.7%
Transport
21.3%
Residential
67.0%
Residential
54.4%
1,092 ktoe
2,368 ktoe

Figure 7.4.2

1990
2009
Coal
3.9%
Coal
0.0%
Oil
14.9%
Electricity
1.3%
Biomass
83.8%
1,092 ktoe
Oil
22.5%
Biomass
65.5%
2,368 ktoe
Electricity
8.2%

3,000
2,500
2,000
Biomass 1,774
ktoe
1,500
1,000
Hydro 289
Biomass 1,015
500
Oil 627
Hydro 71
Oil 163
Coal 0
Coal 132
Others 49
500
Others 64
1990
2009

Figure 7.4.4

1990
Coal
0.0%
2009
Coal
12.8%
Hydro
6.5%
Hydro
12.2%
Biomass
93.5%
1,085 ktoe
Biomass
74.9%
2,368 ktoe
691
692
Figure 7.4.5

1990
2009
Thermal
0.0%
Thermal
0.0%
Hydro
100.0%
Hydro
100.0%
821 GWh
3,366 GWh
Figure 7.4.6

1990
2009
Others
1.7%
Others
3.6%
Commercial
40.6%
Industry
8.7%
Commercial
28.6%
Industry
33.7%
Residential
47.2%
Residential
36.0%
165 GWh
2,258 GWh
Figure 7.4.7
Carbon Dioxide Emission from Fuel Combustion, 1990 and 2009

1990
2009
Coal
0.0%
Coal
19.1%
Oil
100.0%
Oil
80.9%
134 kt C
544 kt C

Figure 7.4.8
19902009
2,500
2,000
ktoe
1,500
1,000
500
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial

Others
693
694
Figure 7.4.9
19902009

19902009
3,000
2,500
2,500
2,000
2,000
1,500
ktoe
ktoe
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
0
500
-1,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Electricity
Coal
Biomass

Figure 7.4.11
19902009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
-500
Oil
Hydro
Biomass
Others

Figure 7.4.12
19902009
2,500
4,000
3,500
2,000
3,000
2,500
ktoe
GWh
1,500
1,000
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
Coal
Hydro
Biomass

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
500
Thermal
Hydro
Figure 7.4.13
19902009
695
Figure 7.4.14 Carbon Dioxide Emission from Fuel

0.3
600
500
0.2
kt C
ktoe
400
0.1
300
200
Oil
Coal



Figure 7.4.16
19902009
2009
2008
Oil
1,400
300
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0.0
1990
100
200
250
200
150
100
50
160
1,000
140
120
800
100
600
80
60
400
40
200
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

180
1,200
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
293
3.
4.
392
400
87
487
38
525
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
107
107
114
114
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
247
248
80
328
328
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
290
442
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
152
Coal
1.
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.4.3
LPG
4.5
4.6
38
39
39
38
76
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
3,595
309
309
309
309
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
1,072
226
1,299
1,299
54
1,353
143
143
1,497
1,497
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
48
21
70
73
47
120
25
309
309
160
214
54
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,595
1,121
249
1,370
1,375
392
109
1,877
202
25
143
143
1,843
38
656
579
1,957
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
696
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
116
3.
4.
14
16
411
10
443
44
487
17
504
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
128
128
121
121
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
14
14
269
283
51
334
334
10
10
10
10
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
125
206
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
331
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.4.4
LPG
4.5
4.6
15
20
20
17
37
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
3,374
290
290
290
290
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
1,160
246
1,406
1,406
59
1,464
159
159
1,624
1,624
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
55
26
81
85
54
139
51
19
290
290
82
150
68
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,374
18
1,216
273
1,489
1,507
411
131
2,055
211
19
159
159
2,444
17
356
572
2,244
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe

697
20
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
39
39
37
3.
4.
14
16
465
494
62
556
17
573
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
131
131
126
126
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
14
14
319
334
66
400
400
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
76
192
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
248
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.4.5
LPG
4.5
4.6
15
19
19
17
35
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
3,717
320
320
320
320
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
1,249
269
1,518
1,518
63
1,581
188
188
1,769
1,769
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
61
40
100
104
60
165
20
320
320
126
199
73
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,717
18
1,311
310
1,620
1,639
465
172
2,279
107
20
188
188
2,594
17
391
665
2,337
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
698
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
91
91
41
3.
4.
17
19
504
532
96
627
634
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
123
123
18
141
141
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
17
17
376
393
78
471
471
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
132
201
29
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
304
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.4.6
LPG
4.5
4.6
14
Other
Petroleum
Products
Gas
5.
3,366
289
289
289
289
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
1,218
272
1,490
1,490
61
1,551
223
223
1,774
1,774
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
70
55
125
129
65
194
14
17
289
289
64
165
101
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
3,366
20
1,289
328
1,617
1,637
504
223
2,368
151
17
223
223
2,759
367
764
2,368
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe

699
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
160
Commercial
Total
1,092
732
Residential
Others
39
160
Industry
Transport
49
Wind
1,199
Solar
Others
Geothermal
Total
Nuclear
1,015
Hydro
Biomass
71
Gas
163
Oil
1,085
Coal
Total
71
Hydro
1,015
Gas
Others
Oil
Biomass
Coal
1990
36
40
1,130
165
752
171
1,170
170
771
185
42
1,281
45
1,240
1,065
65
188
1,129
1,065
65
1992
1,039
72
174
1,111
1,039
72
1991
1,198
173
792
189
43
1,314
47
1,091
79
191
1,170
1,091
79
1993
1,229
177
812
194
46
1,351
66
1,118
103
196
1,221
1,118
103
1994
1,268
182
838
197
48
1,396
51
1,151
93
204
1,244
1,151
93
1995
1,309
187
861
209
51
1,449
61
1,179
107
223
1,287
1,179
107
1996
1,338
193
884
206
54
1,472
52
1,208
105
211
1,352
1,208
105
38
1997
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic Summary Table, 19902009
Table 7.4.7
1,387
199
909
219
58
1,526
127
1,238
186
227
1,466
1,238
186
41
1998
1,443
204
934
241
60
1,589
177
1,269
241
255
1,604
1,269
241
93
1999
1,502
210
959
266
63
1,654
225
1,299
296
284
1,678
1,299
296
83
2000
1,578
216
985
307
65
1,738
230
1,330
314
323
1,741
1,330
314
97
2001
1,619
222
1,010
315
69
1,779
223
1,362
310
330
1,782
1,362
310
110
2002
1,681
229
1,039
336
74
1,841
177
1,394
273
349
1,750
1,394
273
83
2003
1,727
233
1,063
351
76
1,895
184
1,428
288
364
1,874
1,428
288
158
2004
1,787
242
1,092
370
79
1,962
187
1,462
302
385
1,934
1,462
302
171
2005
1,877
249
1,121
392
109
1,843
160
1,497
309
487
290
1,957
1,497
309
152
2006
2,055
23
273
1,216
411
131
2,444
82
1,624
290
487
125
2,244
1,624
290
331
2007
2,368
23
328
1,289
504
223
2,759
64
1,774
289
627
132
2,368
1,774
289
304
2009
2,279
22
310
1,311
465
172
2,594
126
1,769
320
556
76
2,337
1,769
320
248
2008
700
1990
Heat
821
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Others
Total
Gas
Total
134
134
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
Oil
143
143
Coal
Own Use
Total
835
835
1,130
938
19
174
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
821
Hydro
1,092
Thermal
Total
14
Electricity
Others
Gas
915
163
Oil
Biomass
Coal
154
154
752
752
1,170
961
22
188
1992
157
157
920
920
1,198
984
23
191
1993
161
161
1,199
1,198
1,229
1,009
24
196
1994
164
164
1,085
1,085
1,268
1,039
29
200
1995
174
174
1,248
1,248
1,309
1,065
33
211
1996
173
173
1,219
1,219
1,338
1,092
37
209
1997
185
185
2,166
2,166
1,387
1,119
44
224
1998
205
204
2,806
2,806
1,443
1,147
49
247
1999
226
225
297
297
3,438
3,438
1,502
1,174
55
272
2000
261
260
274
274
3,654
3,654
1,578
1,202
61
313
2001
267
266
293
293
3,604
3,604
1,619
1,231
66
321
2002
286
284
216
216
3,178
3,178
1,681
1,261
76
343
2003
297
296
269
269
3,348
3,348
1,727
1,291
78
358
2004
313
312
331
331
3,509
3,509
1,787
1,322
87
377
2005
334
331
293
293
3,595
3,595
1,877
1,353
120
400
2006
373
363
10
221
221
3,374
3,374
2,055
1,464
139
443
2007
544
440
104
452
407
45
198
198
234
234
3,366
3,366
2,368
1,551
194
532
91
2009
3,717
3,717
2,279
1,581
165
494
39
2008

701
9.8
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
1,258
1,146
9.5
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
140
0.03
0.11

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.12
0.03
144
51
100.0
10.4
1,137
1,247
0.26
0.29
12.2
0.12
0.03
147
57
100.0
11.9
1,115
1,221
0.26
0.29
12.7
254
237
4,327
1,128
1,049
16.2
4,435
1992
0.12
0.03
142
58
100.0
11.0
1,078
1,183
0.26
0.29
12.9
291
244
4,583
1,328
1,111
16.6
4,557
1993
0.12
0.03
134
60
100.0
9.6
1,022
1,124
0.26
0.29
12.7
330
257
4,957
1,544
1,202
17.0
4,678
1994
0.12
0.03
128
70
100.0
10.9
986
1,085
0.26
0.29
14 .0
368
268
5,305
1,764
1,287
17.4
4,795
1995
0.12
0.04
127
77
100.0
11.2
952
1,053
0.27
0.30
15.6
382
280
5,673
1,874
1,376
18.3
4,908
1996
0.12
0.03
118
87
100.0
8.2
910
1,001
0.27
0.29
15.8
348
293
6,062
1,747
1,470
19.2
5,017
1997
0.12
0.04
121
100
100.0
3.9
907
998
0.27
0.30
16.7
250
298
6,303
1,280
1,529
20.2
5,121
1998
0.13
0.04
125
108
100.0
-0.9
880
969
0.28
0.30
16.6
279
314
6,763
1,454
1,640
21.1
5,221
1999
0.14
0.04
130
120
100.0
-1.4
865
954
0.28
0.31
16.9
326
326
7,155
1,735
1,735
22.0
5,317
2000
0.15
0.05
142
131
100.0
-0.2
860
947
0.29
0.32
17.9
327
339
7,567
1,769
1,835
23.1
5,409
2001
0.15
0.05
138
140
100.0
-0.1
833
915
0.29
0.32
19.1
333
354
8,015
1,830
1,944
24.2
5,497
2002
0.16
0.05
138
158
100.0
4.9
815
892
0.30
0.33
19 .1
385
370
8,505
2,149
2,063
25.2
5,582
2003
0.16
0.05
135
159
100.0
1.1
787
864
0.30
0.33
20.2
442
387
9,049
2,507
2,195
26.3
5,667
2004
0.16
0.05
133
176
100.0
1.4
760
835
0.31
0.34
12.3
472
409
9,692
2,718
2,350
27.4
5,753
2005
0.18
0.06
131
239
100.0
-6.2
736
722
0.32
0.32
9.9
597
437
10,520
3,490
2,551
28.6
5,842
2006
0.15
0.06
136
272
100.0
8.2
749
891
0.35
0.41
10.4
718
463
11,314
4,260
2,744
29.7
5,931
2007
0.17
0.08
153
318
100.0
9.9
773
880
0.38
0.43
10.8
910
490
12,157
5,478
2,948
30.9
6,022
2008
0.20
0.09
172
369
100.0
14.2
747
870
0.39
0.45
12.1
966
519
13,075
5,907
3,171
32.0
6,112
2009
Sources: APERC estimates, JAMA (2012), Lao PDR Ministry of Energy and Mines (unpublished), and World Bank.
39
person)
100.0
0.26
0.29
206

persons)
231
227
2000 $)
238
4,099
1,028
866
3,930
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
994
15.8
4,312
1991
953
15.4

million)
4,192
Urban Population, %
1990
702
7.5 Malaysia

330,800
4.0
27,949
82.3
137.4
5,357.0
99.4


Hydro: 574
Biomass: 365
Oil: 5,787
Coal: 164
Gas: 4,329
Coal: 7,797
Gas: 47,588
Oil: 34,771
Coal: 1,171
Others: 1
Imports: 17,913
Oil: 41
Stock Changes: 205

(Discrepancy: 93)
Transformation
Losses: 27,275
Oil: 6,180
Oil: 1,902
Imports: 6,181
Others: 1,902
Electricity: 1
Exports: 34,938
26,758
Transfers: 1,902

31,039
7,204
Electricity: 8,283
Gas: 5,826
Oil: 22,757
Residential: 1,807
Commercial: 3,159
Others: 3,792

38,244
Transport: 16,066
Industry: 13,419
Exports: 7,834
Coal: 1,378

38,244
703
704
Table 7.5.1

1990
1995
18,209
20,721
47.2
2000
2005
2009
23,415
26,100
27,949
74.2
93.8
118.2
137.4
120.3
189.2
239.0
301.3
350.1
2,593
3,582
4,006
4,530
4,915
6,607
9,129
10,209
11,544
12,526
Socioeconomic Data

Source: World Bank.
Table 7.5.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
46,529
62,388
79,473
91,969
84,469

25,557
28,998
27,981
30,239
18,473
Total PES
Net Imports
20,972
33,390
51,492
61,730
65,996
Coal
1,355
1,612
2,308
6,620
9,030
Oil
12,478
17,285
22,215
28,198
26,577
Gas
6,801
13,960
26,370
26,414
29,603
219
Biomass
338
533
599
497
566
TPES/capita (toe)
Others
1.15
1.61
2.20
2.37
2.36
174
177
215
205
189

Industry
5,276
8,060
11,401
14,960
13,419
Transportation
5,386
7,827
12,070
15,319
16,066
Other Sectors
2,484
6,277
6,226
7,257
8,758
13,146
22,164
29,697
37,536
38,244
Total FEC
513
712
991
1,280
1,378
Oil
Coal
9,825
16,142
19,581
22,995
22,757
Gas
1,093
1,935
3,862
6,322
5,826
Electricity
1,715
3,375
5,263
6,940
8,283
Biomass
Others
Malaysia
Figure 7.5.1

1990
2009
Others
9.9%
Commercial Others
0.0%
6.4%
Commercial
8.3%
Residential
12.5%
Industry
40.1%
Residential
4.7%
Industry
35.1%
Transport
41.0%
Transport
42.0%
13,146 ktoe
38,244 ktoe

Figure 7.5.2

1990
2009
Coal
3.6%
Coal
Electricity 3.9%
13.0%
Gas
8.3%
Electricity
21.7%
Oil
74.7%
13,146 ktoe
Gas
15.2%
Oil
59.5%
38,244 ktoe
705

70,000
Biomass 219
60,000
Hydro 574
Gas 29,603
50,000
40,000
ktoe
706
30,000
Biomass 0
Oil 26,577
20,000
Gas 6,801
10,000
Hydro 343
Oil 12,478
Coal 9,030
Coal 1,355
Others 5
-10,000
Others 7
1990
2009

Figure 7.5.4

1990
Biomass
0.0%
Hydro
0.7%
2009
Others
0.0%
Coal
0.2%
Biomass
0.4%
Hydro
0.7%
Others
0.0% Coal
1.4%
Gas
33.3%
Oil
65.8%
46,529 ktoe
Gas
56.3%
84,469 ktoe
Oil
41.2%
Malaysia
Figure 7.5.5

1990
2009
Hydro Others
6.2% 1.4%
Hydro
17.3%
Others
0.0%
Thermal
82.7%
Thermal
92.4%
23,011 GWh
107,105 GWh
Figure 7.5.6

1990
2009
Others
0.3%
Commercial
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Commercial
33.1%
Residential
51.6%
Industry
48.4%
Transport
0.0%
Industry
44.9%
Residential
21.6%
Transport
0.1%
19,942 GWh
96,313 GWh
707
Figure 7.5.7

1990
2009
Coal
9.2%
Coal
22.8%
Gas
31.3%
Gas
22.0%
Oil
68.8%
Oil
46.0%
15,525 kt C
43,766 kt C

Figure 7.5.8
19902009
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
ktoe
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
708
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
Malaysia

19902009
80,000
40,000
70,000
35,000
60,000
30,000
50,000
25,000
40,000
ktoe
45,000
20,000
30,000
15,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
-10,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal
Electricity

Figure 7.5.11
19902009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe
Figure 7.5.9
19902009
709
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Biomass
Others

Figure 7.5.12
19902009
120,000
100,000
100,000
80,000
80,000
ktoe
GWh
60,000
60,000
40,000
40,000
20,000
20,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas

Hydro
Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Thermal
Hydro
Others
710
Figure 7.5.13
19902009

25,000
50,000
45,000
20,000
40,000
35,000
15,000
kt C
ktoe
30,000
10,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
5,000
10,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5,000
Gas
Coal

Oil
Gas

Figure 7.5.16
19902009


400
600
180
160
350
120
100
80
60
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
CO2 Emissions
300
400
250
200
300
150
200
100
100
50
0
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
140
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

500
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
19,430
1,141
1,141
215
3.
4.
2,556
831
24,971
24,971
2,087
27,889
103
17,330
8,043
37,073
937
842
765
1,606
2,543
14,689
5,130
22,362
11
844
23,459
820
21,795
2,087
1,531
351
88
9,520
7,726
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
9,643
16
9,662
152
7,540
7,540
2,274
29
1,237
3,482
48
48
48
29
77
48
528
528
45
448
544
90
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,273
234
234
5,043
3,258
8,535
19
8,745
651
8,095
99
360
314
64
1,162
235
235
235
1,645
1,883
126
1,932
169
1,762
10
24
2,197
2,225
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
5,095
5,095
6,020
234
60
5,829
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
486
Coal
1.
Malaysia Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.5.3
27
794
530
1,324
1,351
169
1,520
76
1,117
1,113
1,624
1,293
11
1,590
308
LPG
4.5
4.6
672
672
12
684
27
839
3,597
2,758
319
2,420
22
2,790
348
Other
Petroleum
Products
61,358
1,844
25
25
105
6,168
8,142
46
784
716
4,809
11,982
17,507
26,386
25,957
2,895
49,449
Gas
5.
6,439
554
554
554
554
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
1,514
2,276
3,790
3,790
3,473
7,268
180
273
7,721
7,721
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
89,783
1,844
962
2,356
3,041
5,397
6,359
14,799
15,911
38,912
739
1,057
1,560
1,512
4,809
10,729
18,610
59,318
220
88
52,868
24,493
87,561
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Malaysia
711
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
32,840
1,163
1,163
3.
4.
2,601
266
26,667
26,667
2,475
29,408
155
17,023
9,597
36,989
845
266
818
1,264
2,082
2,348
14,646
6,059
23,898
449
844
25,280
596
23,840
2,475
1,968
329
975
9,768
8,445
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
9,790
47
9,841
205
8,416
8,416
1,630
68
905
1,555
4,021
48
48
48
26
74
50
230
230
34
140
194
47
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
245
422
422
667
4,854
3,981
9,501
172
9,024
397
8,627
91
611
45
17
872
1,456
17
278
278
294
1,903
2,200
123
1,988
199
1,789
534
48
1,340
1,922
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
6,400
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
6,400
7,570
108
233
7,203
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
492
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.5.4
23
770
565
1,335
1,335
92
1,450
72
1,227
1,223
2,059
1,760
2,083
320
LPG
4.5
4.6
822
831
172
839
4,394
3,555
291
2,843
206
3,724
680
Other
Petroleum
Products
59,399
1,913
1,913
25
31
1,943
133
5,403
9,392
247
791
6,600
12,330
18,930
28,866
27,016
4,922
50,961
Gas
5.
6,485
558
558
558
558
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
1,597
2,494
4,091
4,091
3,585
7,680
230
610
8,714
8,714
195
195
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
101,325
2,758
2,178
2,420
3,784
6,204
8,382
14,783
16,210
42,133
704
1,401
844
1,387
6,600
11,170
20,001
64,239
282
975
54,236
30,167
89,000
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
712
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
30,235
1,464
1,464
244
3.
4.
2,090
2,488
26,740
26,740
2,356
31,585
144
14,994
8,565
37,870
830
267
1,007
893
1,900
2,167
16,175
5,262
24,433
519
993
26,459
542
25,917
2,356
2,329
115
66
9,517
7,370
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
8,782
49
8,835
398
5,063
5,063
3,375
42
176
3,509
48
48
48
25
73
136
241
241
38
69
18
149
98
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,502
245
250
250
494
5,279
3,387
9,160
186
9,357
361
8,996
113
238
98
16
1,150
18
241
241
259
1,701
1,963
338
1,992
180
1,812
489
44
533
1,060
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
6,894
6,894
8,114
695
176
8,310
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
676
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.5.5
13
959
402
1,362
1,362
99
1,474
116
1,207
1,207
1,876
1,491
10
1,652
171
LPG
4.5
4.6
817
2,111
2,928
141
990
8,599
8,599
330
4,869
37
5,856
1,030
Other
Petroleum
Products
70,805
1,993
30
36
36
189
8,257
10,474
1,411
13,679
14,304
27,982
39,869
21,600
4,447
57,022
Gas
5.
7,460
642
642
642
642
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
610
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
19
1,667
2,597
4,264
4,283
15
3,685
7,983
768
772
9,563
9,563
41
50
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
111,200
2,823
286
2,680
3,520
6,200
6,486
16,378
18,667
44,354
3,532
3,175
281
13,679
12,818
26,778
77,839
666
66
46,337
28,701
96,208
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Malaysia
713
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
36,250
1,378
1,378
47
3.
4.
2,813
43
142
26,505
26,363
1,902
28,222
41
12,378
5,787
34,771
1,873
189
14
394
408
597
15,853
4,433
22,757
7,820
2,868
18,228
681
17,547
1,902
1,645
7,825
6,180
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
8,661
98
8,760
1,414
4,049
4,049
3,297
3,297
14
14
14
15
29
115
555
555
34
445
590
145
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
181
328
328
509
5,060
3,061
8,630
970
9,409
476
8,933
105
562
1,414
1,976
66
66
73
21
1,195
1,290
1,495
205
205
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
7,698
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
7,698
9,030
164
102
7,797
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
1,171
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.5.6
1,075
63
1,138
53
731
731
1,477
1,124
1,517
394
LPG
4.5
4.6
799
2,112
2,910
5,943
2,868
3,484
3,484
287
3,936
4,304
368
Other
Petroleum
Products
59,924
1,709
22
23
23
202
3,891
5,826
4,602
6,522
12,653
19,175
29,603
22,314
4,329
47,588
Gas
5.
6,671
574
574
574
574
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
1,438
223
223
219
145
365
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
21
1,791
2,743
4,534
4,555
11
3,717
8,283
123
798
9,211
9,211
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
107,105
3,582
210
1,807
3,159
4,966
5,175
16,066
13,419
38,244
7,791
8,268
142
8,277
6,522
12,619
27,275
65,996
205
42,772
24,095
84,469
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
714
343
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
343
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
13,146
Commercial
Total
1,646
Residential
838
5,386
Others
5,276
Industry
Transport
20,972
6,801
Oil
Total
1,355
12,478
Coal
46,529
15,487
Total
30,629
Gas
70
Oil
Coal
1990
14,563
1,201
1,747
5,806
5,809
16,185
1,613
1,891
6,226
6,455
28,672
25,630
375
11,381
15,331
1,587
52,336
375
19,644
32,264
53
1992
379
10,112
13,609
1,532
50,738
379
18,390
31,843
126
1991
17,729
2,090
2,070
6,557
7,012
30,958
419
11,360
17,825
1,352
54,173
419
21,272
32,218
264
1993
19,287
2,239
2,503
7,262
7,283
31,375
561
12,392
16,855
1,563
56,516
561
23,068
32,798
89
1994
Malaysia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 7.5.7
22,164
3,440
2,837
7,827
8,060
33,390
535
13,960
17,285
1,612
62,388
535
26,678
35,090
85
1995
24,182
2,231
3,557
8,951
9,443
37,873
446
15,567
19,808
2,053
68,635
446
32,292
35,744
153
1996
26,168
2,789
3,072
10,201
10,106
44,403
333
19,041
23,459
1,569
72,863
333
36,777
35,600
153
1997
25,558
2,330
3,313
9,793
10,122
41,905
417
19,101
20,727
1,660
73,655
417
37,233
35,784
221
1998
27,228
1,943
3,653
11,393
10,239
41,893
647
21,506
18,364
1,376
72,439
647
38,783
32,835
174
1999
29,697
2,359
3,867
12,070
11,401
51,492
599
26,370
22,215
2,308
79,473
599
44,797
33,835
242
2000
31,516
2,478
4,047
13,138
11,853
51,220
607
25,648
22,054
2,911
77,264
607
43,462
32,851
344
2001
31,504
2,609
2,519
1,867
11,656
12,853
51,210
456
26,101
20,523
4,133
80,519
456
45,002
34,838
223
2002
32,735
2,444
2,509
1,890
12,419
13,473
56,593
17
435
27,257
23,201
5,717
83,691
435
46,123
37,026
107
2003
36,539
2,151
2,655
1,993
15,365
14,375
60,293
501
23,924
28,418
7,451
89,520
501
49,046
39,744
229
2004
37,536
2,218
2,901
2,138
15,319
14,960
61,730
497
26,414
28,198
6,620
91,969
497
51,992
39,072
408
2005
38,912
2,805
3,041
2,356
14,799
15,911
59,318
554
26,386
26,358
6,020
87,561
554
49,449
37,073
486
2006
42,133
4,936
3,784
2,420
14,783
16,210
64,239
195
558
28,866
27,439
7,570
89,000
558
50,961
36,989
492
2007
38,244
3,792
3,159
1,807
16,066
13,419
65,996
219
574
29,603
26,577
9,030
84,469
365
574
47,588
34,771
1,171
2009
44,354
3,109
3,520
2,680
16,378
18,667
77,839
41
642
39,869
29,256
8,114
96,208
642
57,022
37,870
676
2008
Malaysia
715
1990
Solar
Wind
Others
5,163
Gas
Total
1,432
10,681
3,411
15,525
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
2,533
1,361
Oil
17,254
4,296
11,271
1,687
6,347
2,851
813
2,989
Coal
963
Own Use
Total
26,547
4,407
22,140
14,563
1,925
1,125
10,914
599
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
23,011
Total
Geothermal
3,988
Hydro
Nuclear
19,023
Thermal
13,146
Others
Total
1,715
Electricity
1,093
Gas
Biomass
9,825
Oil
Heat
513
Coal
18,264
4,779
11,713
1,772
6,624
3,144
2,512
968
29,313
4,360
24,953
16,185
2,218
1,368
11,927
672
1992
17,616
3,826
12,310
1,481
7,733
4,374
2,475
884
34,732
4,872
29,860
17,729
2,450
1,716
13,076
487
1993
19,359
4,697
13,016
1,645
8,250
5,119
2,206
925
39,093
6,523
32,570
19,287
2,932
1,863
13,894
598
1994
20,632
4,720
14,110
1,803
9,709
6,414
2,338
957
45,454
6,221
39,233
22,164
3,375
1,935
16,142
712
1995
23,617
5,825
15,980
1,811
11,077
7,489
2,638
950
51,407
5,186
46,221
24,182
3,777
2,475
17,203
727
1996
24,430
5,538
17,139
1,752
11,080
7,531
2,667
882
57,871
3,872
53,999
26,168
4,384
2,466
18,578
740
1997
24,815
6,807
16,138
1,870
12,706
9,158
2,584
964
60,670
4,849
55,821
25,558
4,577
2,726
17,488
767
1998
26,421
8,116
16,210
2,096
13,283
10,650
1,301
1,332
65,221
7,523
57,698
27,228
4,815
3,023
18,782
608
1999
28,724
9,526
16,513
2,685
14,571
12,110
966
1,495
69,210
6,962
62,248
29,697
5,263
3,862
19,581
991
2000
30,524
9,988
17,326
3,209
15,578
12,417
1,167
1,994
71,069
7,058
64,011
31,516
5,594
4,621
20,324
977
2001
31,352
10,629
16,789
3,934
17,119
12,552
2,011
2,556
74,198
5,300
68,898
31,504
5,922
5,643
18,853
1,086
2002
32,307
10,478
16,087
5,742
16,265
11,362
799
4,104
78,426
5,056
73,370
32,735
6,313
5,886
19,324
1,212
2003
34,863
9,367
18,589
6,907
15,807
10,082
669
5,057
1,557
1,557
79,194
5,823
73,371
36,539
6,638
5,877
22,785
1,239
2004
37,296
11,378
18,744
7,174
17,783
11,948
575
5,260
2,977
2,977
87,307
5,784
81,523
37,536
6,940
6,322
22,995
1,280
2005
38,009
12,212
18,957
6,840
17,897
11,982
820
5,095
3,175
3,175
89,783
6,439
83,344
38,912
7,268
8,142
22,362
1,141
2006
40,868
13,196
19,374
8,297
19,327
12,330
596
6,400
7,090
3,545
3,545
101,325
6,485
94,840
42,133
7,680
9,392
23,898
1,163
2007
43,766
13,691
20,118
9,957
21,033
12,653
681
7,698
45,197
15,499
20,529
9,168
21,739
14,304
542
6,894
9,274
5,985
4,486
8,972
3,289
107,105
1,438
6,671
98,987
38,244
8,283
5,826
22,757
1,378
2009
4,486
111,200
610
7,460
103,130
44,354
7,983
10,474
24,433
1,464
2008
716
23.8
133
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
0.72
444
278
121.9
145.5
1,095
329
0.85
0.74
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.67
0.92
334
1,197
134.0
98.0
282
496
0.78
1.37
131
24.7
0.64
0.95
324
1,343
110.4
82.5
287
509
0.84
1.49
137
24 .3
3,080
2,932
143,505
59,151
56,307
52.2
19,204
1992
0.57
0.89
285
1,446
80.7
75.0
287
500
0.90
1.57
146
25 .3
3,395
3,141
157,705
66,894
61,878
53.3
19,701
1993
0.62
0.96
286
1,688
94.6
80.1
285
464
0.95
1.55
140
25.8
3,686
3,345
172,233
74,481
67,578
54.5
20,205
1994
0.62
1.00
278
1,894
103.0
86.8
299
450
1.07
1.61
145
26.2
4,287
3,582
189,161
88,832
74,221
55.7
20,721
1995
0.62
1.11
289
2,067
80.5
81.2
296
464
1.14
1.78
178
28.1
4,747
3,843
208,083
100,852
81,645
57.0
21,247
1996
0.55
1.12
279
2,341
51.8
64.1
299
507
1.20
2.04
194
28.9
4,599
4,023
223,320
100,169
87,624
58.2
21,781
1997
0.59
1.11
306
2,385
72.6
75.8
315
516
1.14
1.88
199
27.0
3,233
3,636
206,885
72,175
81,175
59.5
22,322
1998
0.63
1.16
307
2,449
78.8
72.9
316
486
1.19
1.83
212
28.4
3,461
3,768
219,583
79,148
86,157
60.7
22,868
1999
0.56
1.23
306
2,614
52.3
54.3
317
549
1.27
2.20
224
30.9
4,006
4,006
239,035
93,790
93,790
62.0
23,415
2000
0.60
1.27
324
2,715
49.0
50.8
334
543
1.32
2.14
238
29.4
3,872
3,934
240,273
92,784
94,275
63.1
23,965
2001
0.61
1.28
316
2,809
69.8
57.2
317
515
1.29
2.09
226
29.0
4,114
4,053
253,226
100,846
99,358
64.2
24,515
2002
0.57
1.29
307
2,930
59.6
47.9
311
538
1.31
2.26
269
30.0
4,398
4,194
267,884
110,202
105,109
65.4
25,060
2003
0.58
1.36
311
3,017
39.9
48.5
326
537
1.43
2.36
280
30.7
4,875
4,386
286,056
124,749
112,239
66.5
25,590
2004
0.60
1.43
315
3,092
38.6
49.0
318
522
1.44
2.37
296
30.7
5,286
4,530
301,308
137,953
118,224
67.6
26,100
2005
0.64
1.43
304
3,180
40.7
47.6
311
474
1.46
2.23
296
30.9
5,890
4,707
318,932
156,601
125,138
68.5
26,586
2006
0.64
1.51
307
3,302
34.8
38.5
316
482
1.56
2.37
293
29.9
6,905
4,926
339,599
186,777
133,248
69.4
27,051
2007
0.58
1.64
324
3,376
29.4
23.6
318
557
1.61
2.83
314
28.8
8,099
5,078
355,925
222,744
139,653
70.4
27,502
2008
0.66
1.57
319
3,447
30.8
28.0
278
480
1.37
2.36
318
26.6
6,902
4,915
350,102
192,912
137,369
71.3
27,949
2009
1.15
2,418
2,626
2,764
2,593
2000 $)
49,134
131,795
44,024
120,311
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
51,712
51.0
18,708
1991
47,206
49.8

million)
18,209
Urban Population, %
1990
Malaysia
717
7.6 Myanmar

676,590
2.0
47,601
20.8
50.0
20.5
13.0

Sources: ADB (2011 and 2012), IEA (2011c), World Bank, and WEC (2010).
Oil: 41
Biomass: 10,531
Hydro: 360
Gas: 9,738
Oil: 968
Coal: 761
Stock Changes: 41

(Discrepancy: 152)
Transformation
Losses: 730
Oil: 486
Imports: 486
Exports: 7,658
Oil: 9
Others: 9
1,180
SECONDARY
COMMODITIES: 1,675
1,551
(Discrepancy: 212)
Transfers: 8
12,255
Biomass: 10,142
Electricity: 401
Gas: 1,971
Coal: 142
Oil: 1,150
Stock Change: 91
718
Commercial: 85
Others: 1,400
Residential: 10,053
Transport: 931
Industry: 1,337
Myanmar
Table 7.6.1
719

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
39,268
42,133
44,958
46,321
47,601
3.7
4.9
7.3
13.3
20.5
13.5
17.9
26.9
49.2
76.0
94
116
162
288
431
343
424
598
1,062
1,596
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
10,654
10,999
15,405
23,121
22,358
771
2,904
7,154
7,296
10,657
11,770
12,501
15,967
15,062
Socioeconomic Data
Source: ADB (2011) and World Bank.
Table 7.6.2

Net Imports
Total PES
68
16
40
114
143
Oil
Coal
705
1,258
1,926
1,957
1,286
Gas
760
1,219
1,197
3,460
2,742
9,021
9,137
9,175
10,178
10,531
103
140
163
258
360
TPES/capita (toe)
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.34
0.32
791
658
465
324
198
Biomass
Others

Industry
393
711
877
1,426
1,337
Transportation
421
850
1,109
1,300
931
Other Sectors
8,562
8,939
9,151
11,421
11,538
Total FEC
9,376
10,500
11,137
14,147
13,806
51
16
40
113
142
Oil
563
1,168
1,481
1,694
1,150
Gas
224
287
325
2,222
1,971
Coal
Electricity
Biomass
Others
149
203
281
315
401
8,389
8,826
9,010
9,803
10,142
720
Figure 7.6.1

1990
2009
Industry
4.2%
Others
1.1%
Commercial
0.2%
Transport
4.5%
Commercial
0.6%
Others
10.1%
Residential
90.1%
Industry
9.7%
Transport
6.7%
Residential
72.8%
9,376 ktoe
13,806 ktoe

Figure 7.6.2

1990
Coal
0.5%
Oil
6.0%
2009
Gas
2.4%
Coal
1.0%
Electricity
1.6%
Oil
8.3%
Gas
14.3%
Electricity
2.9%
Biomass
89.5%
9,376 ktoe

Biomass
73.5%
13,806 ktoe
Myanmar

16,000
14,000
12,000
ktoe
10,000
Biomass 10,531
8,000
Biomass 9,021
6,000
Hydro 360
4,000
Gas 2,742
2,000
Gas 760
Oil 705
Hydro 103
Oil 1,286
Coal 68
1990
2009

Figure 7.6.4

1990
2009
Coal
3.4%
Coal
0.3%
Oil
4.3%
Oil
6.9% Gas Hydro
7.1% 1.0%
Biomass
84.7%
Biomass
47.1%
Gas
43.6%
Hydro
1.6%
10,654 ktoe
22,358 ktoe
Coal 143
721
722
Figure 7.6.5

1990
2009
Thermal
28.5%
Hydro
48.1%
Thermal
51.9%
Hydro
71.5%
2,478 GWh
5,850 GWh
Figure 7.6.6

1990
2009
Others
0.0%
Commercial
11.4%
Others
2.7%
Commercial
21.2%
Residential
36.2%
Industry
39.4%
Industry
49.7%
Residential
39.4%
1,733 GWh
4,663 GWh
Myanmar
Figure 7.6.7

1990
2009
Coal
5.4%
Coal
6.9%
Gas
41.1%
Oil
52.0%
Oil
37.8%
Gas
56.7%
1,051 kt C
2,869 kt C

Figure 7.6.8
19902009
16,000
14,000
12,000
ktoe
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
723
724
Figure 7.6.9
19902009

19902009
16,000
18,000
14,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
12,000
10,000
ktoe
8,000
6,000
6,000
4,000
4,000
2,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe
10,000
8,000
Coal
Biomass


Figure 7.6.11
19902009
Figure 7.6.12
19902009
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Biomass
7,000
30,000
6,000
25,000
5,000
20,000
GWh
ktoe
4,000
15,000
3,000
10,000
2,000
5,000
Coal
Oil

Gas
Hydro
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,000
Biomass
Thermal
Hydro
Myanmar
Figure 7.6.13
19902009
725

4,000
1,200
3,500
1,000
3,000
2,500
kt C
ktoe
800
600
2,000
1,500
400
1,000
200
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal

Gas

Figure 7.6.16
19902009


400
3,500
300
350
3,000
250
150
100
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
50
CO2 Emissions
300
2,500
250
2,000
200
1,500
150
1,000
100
500
50
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
200
Oil
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
500
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
24
24
103
127
3.
4.
860
860
868
87
112
1,067
814
10
62
143
143
205
1,231
158
1,604
79
67
827
114
713
10
869
29
83
923
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
386
386
17
378
378
21
19
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
28
51
137
137
188
815
79
1,082
48
28
283
73
210
852
11
844
30
64
100
54
39
41
49
14
35
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
127
579
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
706
Coal
1.
Myanmar Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.6.3
10
12
LPG
4.5
4.6
786
10
13
23
38
120
120
59
80
25
Other
Petroleum
Products
2,025
225
1,071
1,071
36
636
1,968
459
628
628
3,055
7,578
10,633
Gas
5.
3,325
286
286
286
286
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
9,572
9,572
9,572
306
9,878
379
379
10,258
10,258
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
128
69
197
197
159
356
173
530
530
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
6,164
235
1,157
9,843
69
9,912
11,069
1,267
1,362
13,933
78
699
379
33
498
910
15,463
58
83
8,269
923
22,950
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
726
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
24
108
132
3.
4.
4.1
4.2
49
872
872
10
833
81
151
1,065
888
10
62
144
144
206
1,299
164
1,679
136
68
843
134
709
11
891
35
70
996
408
408
14
393
393
18
15
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
Products and NGLs Products Gasoline Kerosene
2.
34
51
138
138
189
859
83
1,131
70
29
263
89
174
916
926
32
68
106
60
54
45
38
36
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
24
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
133
587
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
720
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.6.4
10
12
14
14
LPG
4.5
4.6
854
10
11
21
38
118
118
59
11
67
19
Other
Petroleum
Products
1,891
225
1,093
1,093
52
638
2,008
468
587
587
3,063
8,346
11,409
Gas
5.
3,619
311
311
311
311
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
9,653
9,653
9,653
309
9,962
382
382
10,343
10,343
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
131
71
202
202
161
363
188
550
550
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
6,398
235
1,179
9,928
71
9,999
11,178
1,351
1,380
14,144
186
724
382
29
482
893
15,574
116
70
9,084
996
23,848
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Myanmar
727
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
25
25
112
137
3.
4.
69
841
841
919
51
41
1,011
654
10
45
100
100
145
1,042
170
1,367
210
68
803
137
666
10
549
26
67
642
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
423
423
30
366
366
23
19
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
40
34
94
94
128
586
86
800
131
30
252
104
148
551
22
576
33
71
110
49
59
33
26
36
37
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
137
595
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
732
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.6.5
10
12
12
12
LPG
4.5
4.6
614
10
11
21
37
113
113
55
64
10
Other
Petroleum
Products
1,897
239
1,200
1,200
69
676
2,184
476
588
588
3,249
7,215
10,464
Gas
5.
4,071
350
350
350
350
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
9,738
9,738
9,738
312
10,050
385
385
10,435
10,435
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
143
77
220
220
164
384
185
569
569
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
6,622
249
1,270
9,981
77
10,058
11,328
1,111
1,434
14,122
140
729
385
38
506
929
15,639
77
67
7,851
642
22,992
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
728
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
25
117
142
3.
4.
151
806
806
965
41
44
968
523
10
34
68
68
102
862
176
1,150
211
68
778
101
677
321
91
74
486
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
443
443
31
384
384
24
21
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
29
23
62
62
85
384
90
559
139
31
219
75
144
307
90
400
35
75
116
42
61
26
35
40
39
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
25
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
143
618
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
761
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.6.6
10
12
12
12
LPG
4.5
4.6
494
10
19
36
101
101
45
71
26
Other
Petroleum
Products
1,146
202
1,129
1,129
69
571
1,971
416
355
355
2,742
6,996
9,738
Gas
5.
4,181
360
360
360
360
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
9,827
9,827
9,827
315
10,142
389
389
10,531
10,531
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
158
85
243
243
158
401
103
503
503
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
5,850
212
1,188
10,053
85
10,138
11,326
931
1,337
13,806
60
587
389
28
313
730
15,062
50
74
7,658
486
22,358
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Myanmar
729
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
10,657
393
421
8,446
17
99
9,376
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
Total
Nuclear
Others
103
Hydro
9,021
760
Gas
Biomass
68
705
Oil
10,654
Coal
Total
103
Hydro
9,021
760
Gas
Others
734
Oil
Biomass
36
Coal
1990
9,167
60
20
8,315
397
375
9,455
67
21
8,602
325
440
10,804
10,481
9,201
131
705
731
36
10,805
9,201
131
705
739
29
1992
8,844
107
717
743
70
10,481
8,844
107
717
775
38
1991
9,456
101
28
8,492
498
337
10,713
8,676
147
871
999
20
10,399
8,676
147
871
692
13
1993
10,106
105
32
8,713
569
687
11,380
8,999
139
1,088
1,137
17
10,954
8,999
139
1,088
700
28
1994
Myanmar Summary Table, 19902009
Table 7.6.7
10,500
122
36
8,781
850
711
11,770
9,137
140
1,219
1,258
16
10,999
9,137
140
1,219
489
14
1995
10,429
118
37
8,637
914
723
11,787
9,022
142
1,322
1,289
12
10,911
9,022
142
1,322
413
12
1996
10,555
107
48
8,833
754
813
12,041
9,182
145
1,428
1,273
13
11,172
9,182
145
1,428
405
12
1997
10,942
139
54
9,029
934
786
12,370
9,345
82
1,376
1,554
13
12,160
9,345
82
2,330
391
12
1998
10,965
152
56
8,980
948
829
12,350
9,113
89
1,301
1,807
40
13,670
9,113
89
3,900
479
89
1999
11,137
138
53
8,960
1,109
877
12,501
9,175
163
1,197
1,926
40
15,405
9,175
163
5,175
572
320
2000
10,955
86
49
9,163
882
775
12,157
9,408
157
972
1,575
45
15,843
9,408
157
5,244
668
366
2001
11,414
83
55
9,356
1,096
824
12,693
9,643
192
1,005
1,803
50
16,461
9,643
192
5,436
880
310
2002
12,091
189
57
9,656
1,221
968
13,631
10,046
194
1,335
1,970
86
18,363
10,046
194
6,595
986
542
2003
12,872
661
60
9,726
1,252
1,173
14,546
10,109
207
2,253
1,877
100
20,553
10,109
207
8,608
1,033
596
2004
14,147
1,575
68
9,778
1,300
1,426
15,967
10,178
258
3,460
1,957
114
23,121
10,178
258
10,971
1,125
589
2005
13,933
1,392
69
9,843
1,267
1,362
15,463
10,258
286
3,055
1,737
127
22,950
10,258
286
10,633
1,067
706
2006
14,144
1,414
71
9,928
1,351
1,380
15,574
10,343
311
3,063
1,724
133
23,848
10,343
311
11,409
1,065
720
2007
13,806
1,400
85
10,053
931
1,337
15,062
10,531
360
2,742
1,286
143
22,358
10,531
360
9,738
968
761
2009
14,122
1,519
77
9,981
1,111
1,434
15,639
10,435
350
3,249
1,468
137
22,992
10,435
350
10,464
1,011
732
2008
730
1990
224
149
Gas
Electricity
Solar
Wind
Others
744
Total
434
510
Gas
Total
72
546
432
1,051
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
436
64
Oil
1,034
429
528
77
516
65
12
Coal
15
1,035
93
Own Use
70
651
965
2,677
1,240
1,437
9,167
8,256
142
181
536
52
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
2,478
Total
Geothermal
1,193
Hydro
Nuclear
1,285
Thermal
9,376
Others
Total
8,389
Biomass
563
Oil
Heat
51
Coal
1,102
420
640
42
533
443
88
1,163
47
1,116
2,996
1,518
1,478
9,455
8,475
157
180
610
33
1992
1,252
507
723
21
633
558
73
1,349
140
1,209
3,385
1,705
1,680
9,456
8,298
175
230
739
14
1993
1,462
652
793
17
727
680
46
1,407
151
1,256
3,594
1,614
1,980
10,106
8,765
188
288
854
11
1994
1,806
731
1,057
18
860
798
62
1,686
140
1,547
4,055
1,624
2,431
10,500
8,826
203
287
1,168
16
1995
1,904
803
1,088
13
957
909
48
1,570
186
1,384
3,945
1,651
2,294
10,429
8,706
205
282
1,224
12
1996
1,892
873
1,004
14
985
953
32
1,767
221
1,547
4,445
1,686
2,759
10,555
8,865
231
330
1,116
13
1997
2,090
832
1,243
14
1,032
939
93
1,419
244
1,174
4,139
949
3,190
10,942
9,025
233
311
1,360
13
1998
2,250
781
1,426
43
1,067
853
214
1,721
233
1,488
4,639
1,038
3,601
10,965
8,931
251
314
1,430
39
1999
2,193
714
1,435
44
937
744
193
1,849
244
1,605
5,118
1,892
3,226
11,137
9,010
281
325
1,481
40
2000
1,849
599
1,199
51
770
636
134
1,733
267
1,465
4,689
1,822
2,867
10,955
9,206
255
209
1,239
46
2001
2,026
616
1,357
53
772
640
132
1,581
209
1,372
5,068
2,232
2,836
11,414
9,408
300
230
1,428
48
2002
2,393
793
1,502
98
950
833
117
1,581
233
1,349
5,426
2,250
3,176
12,091
9,675
332
380
1,615
89
2003
2,974
1,338
1,526
111
961
857
104
1,698
233
1,465
5,608
2,408
3,200
12,872
9,737
336
1,043
1,655
101
2004
3,773
2,053
1,596
124
891
743
148
2,360
256
2,105
6,015
2,997
3,018
14,147
9,803
315
2,222
1,694
113
2005
3,436
1,813
1,483
140
742
628
114
2,012
198
1,814
6,164
3,325
2,839
13,933
9,878
356
1,968
1,604
127
2006
3,526
1,818
1,563
145
721
587
134
2,186
221
1,965
6,398
3,619
2,779
14,144
9,962
363
2,008
1,679
132
2007
2,869
1,627
1,086
156
456
355
101
3,379
1,928
1,301
150
725
588
137
1,198
279
233
2,151
919
5,850
4,181
1,669
13,806
10,142
401
1,971
1,150
142
2009
1,919
6,622
4,071
2,551
14,122
10,050
384
2,184
1,367
137
2008
Myanmar
731
9.1
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
0.10
0.10
0.03
283
41
4.3
0.0
2,509
2,868
0.23
0.26
8.8
133
0.10
0.03
275
45
1.1
0.0
2,359
2,696
0.23
0.27
8.9
148
99
14,672
5,973
4,007
25.4
40,425
1992
0.12
0.03
295
50
30.7
2.9
2,225
2,521
0.23
0.26
9.1
158
104
15,558
6,472
4,249
25.6
40,986
1993
0.13
0.04
320
53
38.4
3.7
2,213
2,492
0.24
0.27
9.2
171
110
16,721
7,102
4,567
25.9
41,553
1994
0.15
0.04
370
56
61.1
6.6
2,150
2,410
0.25
0.28
9.3
184
116
17,883
7,753
4,884
26.1
42,133
1995
0.16
0.04
366
56
68.0
7.4
2,006
2,267
0.24
0.28
9.1
197
122
19,035
8,410
5,199
26.5
42,736
1996
0.16
0.04
344
62
68.2
7.2
1,922
2,192
0.24
0.28
9.1
209
127
20,111
9,043
5,493
26.9
43,352
1997
0.17
0.05
363
62
74.8
1.7
1,898
2,146
0.25
0.28
9.1
135
131
21,291
5,926
5,765
27.2
43,953
1998
0.18
0.05
352
66
73.5
10.7
1,714
1,931
0.25
0.28
9.4
148
144
23,621
6,576
6,396
27.6
44,497
1999
0.18
0.05
301
73
70.3
23.2
1,531
1,718
0.25
0.28
10.1
162
162
26,868
7,275
7,275
28.0
44,958
2000
0.15
0.04
228
65
57.6
30.3
1,352
1,501
0.24
0.27
7.8
168
179
29,916
7,634
8,101
28.5
45,324
2001
0.16
0.04
223
76
51.2
29.7
1,258
1,399
0.25
0.28
9.0
227
199
33,513
10,369
9,075
29.0
45,609
2002
0.18
0.05
232
84
49.9
34.7
1,170
1,319
0.26
0.30
9.7
216
225
38,153
9,925
10,331
29.6
45,844
2003
0.20
0.06
253
85
45.0
41.3
1,096
1,239
0.28
0.32
10.6
223
255
43,358
10,254
11,741
30.1
46,070
2004
0.24
0.08
283
79
42.5
44.8
1,061
1,197
0.31
0.34
11.4
258
288
49,207
11,931
13,337
30.6
46,321
2005
0.22
0.07
229
89
38.6
48.4
927
1,029
0.30
0.33
13.8
297
323
55,653
13,852
15,031
31.3
46,605
2006
0.23
0.08
209
90
38.2
53.1
840
925
0.30
0.33
14.9
389
359
62,327
18,233
16,833
31.9
46,916
2007
0.22
0.07
182
95
31.1
47.0
761
843
0.30
0.33
16.0
547
393
68,719
25,859
18,560
32.6
47,250
2008
0.19
0.06
140
98
24.7
48.4
673
734
0.29
0.32
17.3
689
431
75,990
32,805
20,524
33.2
47,601
2009
GDP = gross domestic product, CO2 = carbon dioxide, GWh = gigawatthour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatthour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total
Sources: ADB (2011), APERC estimates, IEA (2011b), JAMA (2012), and World Bank.
0.03
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
CO2/capita (t C)
0.0
4.1
286
2,549
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
2,897
2000 $ million)
44
0.24
person)
0.27
132
2000 $)

persons)
92
94
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
5,320
13,379
5,172
13,467
3,654
25.1
39,856
3,678
24.9
1991

million)
39,268
Urban Population, %
1990
732
7.7 Philippines
300,000
316.0
91,703
3.3
119.9
138.0
89.7

Biomass: 44
Oil: 6,772
Coal: 3,888
Biomass: 6,896
Geothermal: 8,879
Hydro: 842
Gas: 3,237
Oil: 962
Coal: 2,474
Others: 6
Imports: 10,704
Oil: 428
Stock Changes: 428

(Discrepancy: 319)
Oil: 7,261
Transformation
Losses: 14,455
Imports: 7,261
Exports: 1,310
11,064

15,750
Stock Change: 159
Biomass: 5,481
Electricity: 4,377
Gas: 71
Oil: 11,373
Others: 593
Transport: 7,962
Industry: 5,671

Residential: 6,280
Coal: 1,624
Exports: 492
7,176
Commercial: 2,419
(Discrepancy: 447)
733
734
Table 7.7.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
61,629
69,255
77,310
85,546
91,703
61.1
68.0
81.0
101.4
119.9
157.3
175.0
208.5
261.0
308.5
991
982
1,048
1,185
1,307
2,552
2,527
2,697
3,051
3,364
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
17,222
15,820
19,552
21,400
23,295
Net Imports
11,086
17,083
19,417
16,423
15,259
Total PES
28,309
32,903
38,969
37,823
38,554
Socioeconomic Data
Source: World Bank.
Table 7.7.2
Coal
Oil
Gas
1,358
1,584
4,539
5,230
5,310
10,606
16,306
15,648
13,478
13,342
2,719
3,237
Biomass
11,123
9,197
8,104
7,157
6,939
Others
5,222
5,812
10,669
9,239
9,726
TPES/capita (toe)
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.44
0.42
180
188
187
145
125

Industry
4,511
5,255
5,212
5,228
5,671
Transportation
4,290
6,897
7,695
7,867
7,962
Other Sectors
10,673
10,554
10,594
9,276
9,293
Total FEC
19,474
22,706
23,502
22,371
22,926
696
894
840
1,184
1,624
7,833
11,458
12,592
11,374
11,373
12
71
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
1,824
2,287
3,144
3,884
4,377
Biomass
9,121
8,067
6,926
5,917
5,481
Others
Philippines
Figure 7.7.1
1990
Commercial
4.3%
2009
Commercial
10.6%
Others
3.4%
Others
2.6%
Industry
23.2%
Industry
24.7%
Residential
27.4%
Residential
47.1%
Transport
22.0%
Transport
34.7%
19,474 ktoe
22,926 ktoe

Figure 7.7.2

1990
2009
Coal
3.6%
Coal
7.1%
Biomass
23.9%
Oil
40.2%
Biomass
46.8%
Electricity
19.1%
Electricity
9.4%
19,474 ktoe

Gas
0.0%
Oil
49.6%
Gas
0.3%
22,926 ktoe
735

40,000
Others 6
35,000
Biomass 6,939
30,000
Others 0
Geothermal 8,879
25,000
ktoe
736
Biomass 11,123
Hydro 842
Gas 3,237
20,000
15,000
Geothermal 4,701
Hydro 521
Gas 0
Oil 13,342
10,000
Oil 10,606
5,000
Coal 5,310
Coal 1,358
1990
2009

Figure 7.7.4

1990
Others
0.0%
2009
Oil
1.3%
Coal
3.8%
Gas
0.0%
Hydro
3.0%
Others
0.0%
Coal
10.6%
Biomass
29.6%
Biomass
64.6%
Geothermal
27.3%

Gas
13.9%
Hydro
3.6%
Geothermal
38.1%
17,222 ktoe
Oil
4.1%
23,295 ktoe
Philippines
Figure 7.7.5

1990
2009
Others
0.1%
Others
1.6%
Geothermal
16.7%
Geothermal
20.8%
Hydro
23.0%
Thermal
54.6%
Hydro
15.8%
Thermal
67.4%
26,327 GWh
61,921 GWh
Figure 7.7.6

1990
2009
Others
2.8%
Others
2.4%
Commercial
24.3%
Industry
46.9%
Commercial
29.0%
Industry
33.6%
Residential
26.4%
Transport
0.0%
21,213 GWh
Residential
34.4%
50,898 GWh
Transport
0.2%
737
Figure 7.7.7

1990
2009
Gas
0.0%
Gas
10.9%
Coal
13.8%
Coal
35.0%
Oil
86.2%
Oil
54.1%
9,988 kt C
19,011 kt C

Figure 7.7.8
19902009
25,000
20,000
15,000
ktoe
10,000
5,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
738
Industry
Transport
Residential

Commercial
Others
Philippines
Figure 7.7.9
19902009
739

19902009
25,000
40,000
35,000
20,000
30,000
25,000
ktoe
ktoe
15,000
10,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5,000
Coal
Biomass
Oil
Gas
Hydro


Figure 7.7.11
19902009
Figure 7.7.12
19902009
Geothermal
Biomass
Others
70,000
25,000
60,000
20,000
50,000
15,000
ktoe
GWh
40,000
30,000
10,000
20,000
5,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro

Geothermal
Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
10,000
Thermal
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
740
Figure 7.7.13
19902009

9,000
20,000
8,000
7,000
15,000
6,000
kt C
ktoe
5,000
10,000
4,000
3,000
5,000
2,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,000
Gas
Coal

Oil
Gas

Figure 7.7.16
19902009

160
600
300
500
250
400
200
300
150
200
100
100
50
100
80
60
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
CO2 Emissions
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
120
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

140
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
15,294
149
1,175
1,324
278
3.
4.
4,665
77
324
9,897
9,897
10,298
80
678
10,354
702
71
236
892
565
1,457
1,693
7,305
1,547
10,616
190
9,441
1,032
8,409
2,397
24
849
1,687
4,957
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
2,559
2,561
74
1,532
1,532
1,104
66
42
1,080
195
195
200
18
218
165
165
58
19
77
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
213
165
165
378
4,111
474
4,962
230
3,544
145
3,399
1,793
42
303
2,132
17
192
192
209
403
985
1,597
85
3,012
887
2,125
612
38
82
1,162
670
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
3,714
3,714
5,316
4,073
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
1,243
Coal
1.
Philippines Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.7.3
697
207
904
904
71
979
26
346
346
659
13
646
LPG
4.5
4.6
71
227
299
60
843
843
604
51
725
180
352
Other
Petroleum
Products
16,366
56
56
86
2,545
2,545
2,687
2,687
Gas
5.
9,939
855
855
855
855
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
10,465
9,000
9,000
9,000
9,000
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
53
Wind
10.
4,273
315
4,587
4,587
1,206
5,793
1,252
1,252
7,045
7,044
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
41
1,361
1,173
2,535
2,576
1,344
3,928
956
4,883
4,883
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
56,784
220
277
6,526
2,053
8,579
8,856
7,314
5,327
21,717
545
1,365
1,252
456
12,268
13,976
37,603
103
849
2,365
19,385
21,535
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Philippines
741
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
16,837
181
1,238
1,419
57
3.
4.
4.1
4.2
0
5,588
8,445
1,715
49
922
9,490
5,148
94
369
805
515
1,320
1,689
7,163
2,136
0 11,082
227
411
10,045
0 1,045
10,045
10,683
326
0 1,261
801 2,563
10,331
827
2,869
2,873
97
1,559
1,559
1,218
114
94
1,426
179
179
181
16
197
22
161
161
58
51
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
336
175
175
512
4,048
727
5,286
17
3,512
145
3,367
1,903
129
46
69
2,147
26
148
148
174
161
1,212
1,548
148
3,047
900
2,147
747
156
188
1,399
683
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
3,972
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
3,972
5,449
422
4,079
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
1,791
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.7.4
626
192
818
818
44
180
1,042
16
264
264
793
796
LPG
4.5
4.6
94
40
135
697
947
947
1,510
33
1,027
1,001
485
Other
Petroleum
Products
18,789
78
78
237
2,738
2,738
3,054
3,054
Gas
5.
8,563
736
736
736
736
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
10,215
8,785
8,785
8,785
8,785
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
58
Wind
10.
4,127
317
4,444
4,444
1,250
5,694
1,293
1,293
6,987
6,985
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
42
1,408
1,272
2,681
2,723
1,397
4,129
998
5,127
5,127
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
59,612
276
411
6,340
2,105
8,445
8,856
7,172
6,098
22,402
638
1,646
1,293
554
12,155
14,003
37,413
277
1,261
3,786
20,000
22,183
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
742
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
15,749
152
1,646
1,798
131
3.
4.
4,868
95
8,718
8,718
374
8,997
347
653
9,283
715
89
253
894
519
1,413
1,667
7,437
1,539
10,733
91
373
8,591
1,083
7,509
373
3,134
586
1,180
2,369
6,097
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
2,743
2,744
257
1,611
1,611
1,391
194
148
1,345
152
152
153
161
137
131
131
167
107
60
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
237
187
187
423
4,278
570
5,272
323
3,268
155
3,113
2,482
214
45
95
2,407
15
170
170
185
178
872
1,235
30
2,307
927
1,380
174
78
182
1,096
1,026
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
4,558
4,558
6,225
472
4,791
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
1,905
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.7.5
742
162
904
904
68
89
1,061
24
328
328
758
24
743
LPG
4.5
4.6
89
171
260
802
373
947
947
373
1,489
30
953
1,020
514
Other
Petroleum
Products
19,576
70
71
122
3,022
3,022
3,214
3,214
Gas
5.
9,843
846
846
846
846
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
10,723
9,222
9,222
9,222
9,222
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
61
Wind
10.
3,985
320
4,306
4,306
1,287
5,592
1,331
1,331
6,928
6,919
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
110
1,431
1,216
2,647
2,757
10
1,465
4,232
999
5,231
5,231
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
60,821
241
364
6,311
2,055
8,366
8,730
7,447
6,007
22,425
313
1,494
1,331
127
13,505
14,964
38,571
239
1,180
3,494
20,180
22,827
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Philippines
743
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
NonEnergy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
16,476
155
1,469
1,624
757
3.
4.
5,381
1,079
114
6,940
6,827
7,905
428
257
6,772
962
112
205
938
826
1,764
1,969
7,952
1,340
11,373
198
6,917
1,178
5,739
5,436
159
1,174
492
7,261
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
2,964
2,968
274
1,206
1,206
1,488
65
77
1,631
138
138
139
20
159
22
127
127
10
51
61
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
192
454
454
646
4,450
466
5,562
291
2,486
261
2,225
3,046
98
33
33
3,211
174
174
182
230
779
1,190
107
1,556
917
639
445
65
164
255
799
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
NonSpecified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
4,442
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
4,442
5,310
1,052
3,888
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
2,474
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.7.6
799
199
998
998
84
75
1,157
13
303
303
866
21
887
LPG
4.5
4.6
112
225
336
484
1,239
1,239
419
12
976
126
672
Other
Petroleum
Products
19,887
70
71
103
3,064
3,064
3,237
3,237
Gas
5.
9,788
842
842
842
842
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
10,324
8,879
8,879
8,879
8,879
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
64
Wind
10.
3,835
324
4,159
4,159
1,322
5,481
1,455
1,461
6,939
44
6,896
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
121
1,508
1,269
2,777
2,898
10
1,469
4,377
645
303
5,325
5,325
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
61,921
267
326
6,280
2,419
8,700
9,026
7,962
5,671
22,926
766
406
1,341
24
13,091
14,455
38,554
269
1,174
1,802
17,965
23,295
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
744
521
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
4,511
4,290
9,164
841
667
19,474
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
28,309
Others
Total
11,123
Wind
Biomass
Solar
4,701
Nuclear
Geothermal
521
Hydro
Oil
Gas
1,358
10,606
Coal
17,222
Total
11,123
Others
Wind
Biomass
Solar
4,701
229
Oil
Geothermal
649
Coal
1990
18,592
610
877
8,995
4,341
3,770
19,191
625
887
8,863
4,943
3,873
29,537
28,274
10,237
4,902
382
12,557
1,459
16,829
10,237
4,902
382
432
876
1992
10,583
4,952
442
10,843
1,453
16,817
10,583
4,952
442
144
696
1991
19,987
653
875
8,773
5,275
4,412
29,473
9,890
4,874
433
12,808
1,469
16,432
9,890
4,874
433
439
797
1993
20,404
643
992
8,720
5,760
4,289
31,385
9,543
5,435
504
14,548
1,350
16,473
9,543
5,435
504
221
765
1994
Philippines Summary Table, 19902009
Table 7.7.7
22,706
723
1,078
8,753
6,897
5,255
32,903
9,197
5,276
536
16,306
1,584
15,820
9,197
5,276
536
126
681
1995
23,378
593
1,169
8,675
7,823
5,119
33,995
8,963
5,619
605
16,641
2,160
15,823
8,963
5,619
605
43
585
1996
24,806
668
1,308
8,647
8,431
5,752
35,862
8,729
6,224
522
17,572
2,810
16,087
8,729
6,224
522
39
568
1997
24,489
577
1,427
8,599
8,486
5,400
36,881
8,495
7,666
436
17,407
2,870
17,253
8,495
7,666
436
38
611
1998
24,366
595
1,555
8,449
8,464
5,304
37,857
8,299
9,111
674
16,488
3,279
18,660
8,299
9,111
674
41
528
1999
23,502
697
1,726
8,172
7,695
5,212
38,969
8,104
9,998
671
15,648
4,539
19,552
8,104
9,998
671
55
715
2000
23,355
501
1,898
7,880
8,310
4,766
37,368
7,911
8,980
611
116
15,089
4,661
18,370
7,911
8,980
611
116
103
649
2001
23,040
523
1,917
7,661
8,372
4,567
37,893
7,720
8,809
605
1,459
14,855
4,446
20,102
7,720
8,809
605
1,459
708
802
2002
23,126
568
1,956
7,519
8,054
5,028
38,007
7,530
8,447
677
2,223
14,489
4,641
20,595
7,530
8,447
677
2,223
663
1,054
2003
23,171
556
1,969
7,301
8,334
5,011
37,796
7,342
8,843
739
2,053
13,829
4,990
20,887
7,342
8,843
739
2,053
601
1,309
2004
22,371
494
1,962
6,820
7,867
5,228
37,823
7,157
8,516
721
2,719
13,478
5,230
21,400
7,156
8,516
721
2,719
765
1,520
2005
21,717
497
2,053
6,526
7,314
5,327
37,603
7,045
9,000
855
2,687
12,695
5,316
21,535
7,044
9,000
855
2,687
702
1,243
2006
22,402
687
2,105
6,340
7,172
6,098
37,413
6,987
8,785
736
3,054
12,397
5,449
22,183
6,985
8,785
736
3,054
827
1,791
2007
22,926
593
2,419
6,280
7,962
5,671
38,554
6,939
8,879
842
3,237
13,342
5,310
23,295
6,896
8,879
842
3,237
962
2,474
2009
22,425
605
2,055
6,311
7,447
6,007
38,571
6,928
9,222
846
3,214
12,131
6,225
22,827
6,919
9,222
846
3,214
715
1,905
2008
Philippines
745
1990
Gas
26,327
Others
Total
5,114
Total
Gas
Total
1,377
8,611
9,988
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
2,693
Oil
9,825
8,184
1,640
3,125
2,446
559
2,135
Coal
679
4,262
1,134
Own Use
1,086
3,980
3,176
25,649
5,758
5,145
14,746
18,592
8,910
1,839
7,026
816
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
431
Wind
5,466
Solar
Geothermal
6,062
Hydro
Nuclear
14,368
Thermal
19,474
Total
Others
9,121
Biomass
Heat
1,824
7,833
Oil
Electricity
696
Coal
10,743
9,258
1,485
3,327
2,649
678
5,225
1,154
4,071
25,870
5,700
4,440
15,730
19,191
8,699
1,775
8,041
676
1992
11,582
9,934
1,648
3,347
2,592
755
5,370
1,132
4,238
26,579
5,667
5,030
15,882
19,987
8,488
1,824
8,927
748
1993
12,369
10,689
1,677
3,933
3,265
663
5,866
1,132
4,734
30,459
6,320
5,862
18,277
20,404
8,277
2,115
9,146
866
1994
14,947
13,140
1,804
4,579
3,825
750
6,961
1,226
5,735
33,554
6,135
6,232
21,187
22,706
8,067
2,287
11,458
894
1995
16,190
13,755
2,430
5,009
3,698
1,304
7,468
1,340
6,128
36,707
6,534
7,030
23,143
23,378
7,825
2,515
12,128
911
1996
17,950
14,943
3,004
5,572
3,839
1,729
7,507
1,471
6,037
39,797
7,237
6,069
26,491
24,806
7,583
2,777
13,437
1,010
1997
18,038
14,777
3,256
5,814
3,671
2,135
7,440
1,590
5,849
41,578
8,914
5,066
27,598
24,489
7,341
2,936
13,380
833
1998
17,378
13,659
3,715
4,969
2,386
2,577
7,290
1,536
5,754
41,432
10,594
7,840
22,998
24,366
7,133
2,936
13,488
809
1999
17,629
12,550
5,073
5,718
1,925
3,784
8,735
2,390
6,345
45,290
11,626
7,799
25,865
23,502
6,926
3,144
12,592
840
2000
17,574
74
12,552
4,947
5,831
114
2,024
3,692
7,909
2,196
5,713
47,049
10,442
7,104
29,503
23,355
6,721
3,366
12,451
818
2001
17,327
934
11,756
4,636
6,139
1,317
1,378
3,444
9,843
3,873
5,970
48,467
10,242
7,033
31,192
23,040
6,518
3,322
12,418
782
2002
17,912
1,424
11,767
4,720
6,973
2,044
1,601
3,329
10,221
3,410
6,810
52,941
9,822
7,870
35,248
23,126
6,316
3,674
12,162
974
2003
18,314
1,315
12,028
4,971
7,324
1,971
1,876
3,476
11,881
4,654
7,227
55,957
10,282
8,593
37,082
23,171
6,116
3,791
12,210
1,055
2004
18,531
1,742
10,956
5,833
8,155
2,610
1,411
4,134
11,408
4,591
6,817
56,568
17
9,902
8,387
38,260
22,371
5,917
3,884
12
11,374
1,184
2005
17,129
1,721
9,881
5,527
7,291
2,545
1,032
3,714
11,112
4,227
6,885
56,784
53
10,465
9,939
36,325
21,717
5,793
3,928
56
10,616
1,324
2006
18,189
1,956
10,320
5,914
7,756
2,738
1,045
3,972
11,603
3,994
7,608
59,612
58
10,215
8,563
40,775
22,402
5,694
4,129
78
11,082
1,419
2007
19,011
2,073
10,283
6,655
8,684
3,064
1,178
4,442
19,051
2,059
10,019
6,972
8,663
3,022
1,083
4,558
3,524
3,524
3,935
11,615
61,921
64
10,324
9,788
41,744
22,926
5,481
4,377
71
11,373
1,624
2009
7,680
60,821
61
10,723
9,843
40,193
22,425
5,592
4,232
71
10,733
1,798
2008
746
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)
0.32
463
319
39.2
97.8
344
163
0.16
0.35
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
719
0.35
0.16
162
339
98.7
40.5
306
465
0.29
0.45
20
25.2
0.36
0.17
176
319
96.6
43.0
315
485
0.30
0.46
21
24.7
819
943
156,869
52,976
60,950
50.9
64,659
1992
0.39
0.18
186
321
96.6
44.2
321
474
0.30
0.45
23
24.3
822
941
160,189
54,368
62,240
51.9
66,174
1993
0.39
0.18
190
363
98.5
47.5
314
483
0.30
0.46
25
24.5
947
960
167,218
64,085
64,971
53.0
67,703
1994
0.45
0.22
220
384
99.2
51.9
334
484
0.33
0.48
26
25.0
1,070
982
175,041
74,120
68,011
54.0
69,255
1995
0.48
0.23
225
413
99.7
53.5
325
472
0.33
0.48
29
24.9
1,170
1,016
185,274
82,848
71,987
54.9
70,831
1996
0.50
0.25
237
446
99.8
55.1
328
474
0.34
0.50
31
24.7
1,137
1,045
194,881
82,344
75,720
55.8
72,427
1997
0.49
0.24
240
461
99.8
53.2
325
490
0.33
0.50
30
24.5
975
1,017
193,757
72,207
75,283
56.7
74,041
1998
0.46
0.23
224
451
99.7
50.7
314
488
0.32
0.50
31
24.2
1,097
1,026
199,728
82,995
77,603
57.6
75,670
1999
0.45
0.23
218
473
99.6
49.8
290
481
0.30
0.50
31
24.5
1,048
1,048
208,539
81,026
81,026
58.5
77,310
2000
0.47
0.22
211
496
99.3
50.8
280
448
0.30
0.47
32
24.4
966
1,056
214,574
76,262
83,371
59.3
78,964
2001
0.46
0.21
201
479
95.2
47.0
267
439
0.29
0.47
33
24.3
1,009
1,072
222,397
81,358
86,411
60.2
80,630
2002
0.47
0.22
197
519
95.4
45.8
255
419
0.28
0.46
33
24.0
1,020
1,102
233,451
83,908
90,706
61.0
82,294
2003
0.48
0.22
189
525
95.7
44.7
239
391
0.28
0.45
34
23.7
1,089
1,153
249,087
91,371
96,781
61.9
83,937
2004
0.49
0.22
183
528
94.3
43.4
221
373
0.26
0.44
34
23.7
1,205
1,185
260,987
103,066
101,405
62.7
85,546
2005
0.46
0.20
161
524
94.5
42.7
203
352
0.25
0.43
33
23.5
1,403
1,225
274,671
122,211
106,721
63.4
87,116
2006
0.49
0.21
160
542
93.3
40.7
197
329
0.25
0.42
32
22.8
1,685
1,283
292,845
149,360
113,783
64.2
88,653
2007
0.49
0.21
161
546
94.1
40.8
189
325
0.25
0.43
32
22.8
1,925
1,314
305,006
173,603
118,508
64.9
90,173
2008
0.49
0.21
159
555
92.8
39.6
191
322
0.25
0.42
33
21.5
1,836
1,307
308,508
168,334
119,869
65.7
91,703
2009
0.46
20
719
25.1
2000 $)

persons)
962
991
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
45,418
156,341
44,312
157,251
60,745
49.8
63,147
61,099
48.8
1991

million)
61,629
Urban Population, %
1990
Philippines
747
7.8 Singapore
714
4,988
144.3
100.0

Biomass: 121
Gas: 6,233
Oil: 44,136
Imports: 50,370

Transformation
Losses: 9,625
Exports: 45
Oil: 86,266
Imports: 86,266
40,708
16,000 113
(Discrepancy: 36)
Oil: 12,771
Exports: 73,550
Gas: 113
Electricity: 3,230
Final Consumption
by Type: 16,114
748
Industry: 8,163
Transport: 5,578
Residential: 2,118
Final Consumption
by Sector: 16,114
Others: 254
Singapore
Table 7.8.1
749

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
3,047
3,525
4,028
4,266
4,988
48.0
72.3
95.9
121.2
144.3
Socioeconomic Data
76.6
115.5
153.2
193.6
230.5
15,748
20,519
23,815
28,409
28,932
25,152
32,773
38,037
45,374
46,211
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
19
50
101
194
121
Net Imports
9,878
15,153
20,320
22,797
26,654
Total PES
9,896
15,203
20,421
22,991
26,775

Source: World Bank.
Table 7.8.2

Coal
9,878
13,977
19,378
17,562
20,421
1,176
942
5,234
6,233
Biomass
19
50
101
194
121
Others
TPES/capita (toe)
3.25
4.31
5.07
5.39
5.37
129
132
133
119
116
Oil
Gas

Industry
1,907
2,589
3,514
8,058
8,163
Transportation
2,368
3,680
4,159
4,726
5,578
Other Sectors
1,047
1,208
1,693
1,960
2,372
Total FEC
5,322
7,477
9,367
14,744
16,114
4,046
5,653
6,757
11,688
12,771
55
84
105
96
113
Coal
Oil
Gas
1,221
1,741
2,505
2,960
3,230
Biomass
Electricity
Others
750

Industry
Transport
Figure 7.8.1
Residential
Commercial
Others

1990
2009
Others
1.6%
Residential
14.3%
Others
5.3%
Residential
13.1%
Industry
35.8%
Transport
44.5%
Industry
50.7%
Transport
34.6%
5,322 ktoe
16,114 ktoe

Figure 7.8.2
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass

1990
Electricity
22.9%
2009
Gas
0.7%
Gas
1.0%
Electricity
20.0%
Oil
76.0%
Oil
79.3%
5,322 ktoe

16,114 ktoe
Others
Singapore
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass
Others

30,000
Biomass 121
25,000
Gas 6,233
ktoe
20,000
15,000
Biomass 19
10,000
Oil 20,421
Gas, 0
5,000
Oil 9,878
1990
2009

Figure 7.8.4

1990
2009
Biomass
100.0%
Biomass
100.0%
19 ktoe
121 ktoe
751
752

Thermal
Hydro
Figure 7.8.5
Nuclear
Geothermal
Others

1990
2009
Others
1.5%
Others
1.4%
Thermal
98.6%
Thermal
98.5%
15,618 GWh
41,801 GWh
Industry
Figure 7.8.6
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others

1990
2009
Others
0.1%
Others
0.0%
Residential
51.2%
Industry
36.3%
Industry
47.5%
Residential
63.6%
Transport
1.3%
14,194 GWh
Transport
0.0%
37,556 GWh
Singapore
Figure 7.8.7

1990
2009
Gas
0.4%
Gas
25.0%
Oil
99.6%
Oil
75.0%
6,536 kt C
16,251 kt C

Figure 7.8.8
19902009
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
ktoe
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Industry
Transport

Residential
Others
753
754
Figure 7.8.9
19902009

19902009
30,000
18,000
16,000
25,000
14,000
20,000
12,000
15,000
ktoe
ktoe
10,000
8,000
10,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
-5,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Oil
Gas
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2,000
Coal
Electricity
Oil


Figure 7.8.11
19902009
Figure 7.8.12
19902009
Gas
Biomass
45,000
300
40,000
250
35,000
30,000
GWh
ktoe
200
150
25,000
20,000
15,000
100
10,000
50
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
5,000
Biomass

Thermal
Others
Singapore
Figure 7.8.13
19902009
755

18,000
8,000
16,000
7,000
14,000
6,000
12,000
5,000
kt C
8,000
3,000
6,000
2,000
4,000
2,000
Oil
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,000
Gas
Oil

Gas

Figure 7.8.16
19902009

300
200
160
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
140
250
120
200
100
150
80
60
100
40
50
20
20
0
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

ktoe
10,000
4,000
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
6,680
52,745
52,745
52,745
52,745
250
5,075
6,760
12,084
736
49,008
128
1,212
47,668
34,848
31,002
58,260
54,414
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
1,079
1,079
4,149
4,149
3,070
10,858
7,788
77
77
851
851
774
1,077
303
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
6,114
445
445
11,132
130
11,003
10,558
16,673
15,311
1,082
14,229
14,229
31,002
16,696
33,469
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
APERC (APEC Energy Database).
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
Singapore Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.8.3
702
702
702
705
LPG
4.5
4.6
250
3,552
6,683
10,484
736
16,864
128
16,736
5,515
12,251
6,736
Other
Petroleum
Products
0
31,138
62
62
62
46
108
108
5,649
5,541
5,649
5,649
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
1,624
295
295
295
295
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
1,761
1,761
1,765
1,294
3,058
31
303
3,392
3,392
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
39,442
250
1,823
1,823
1,827
5,075
8,100
15,251
31
1,039
3,736
25
3,764
7,525
23,845
31,002
58,260
112,813
295
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
756
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
4.1
4.2
9,148
51,152
51,152
51,152
94
51,246
250
5,417
6,861
12,527
717
48,622
128
1,734
46,760
33,515
31,546
62,448
60,479
1,166
1,166
4,522
4,522
3,356
12,382
9,026
97
97
871
871
774
1,077
303
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
530
530
11,928
46
11,882
11,352
17,556
6,204
13,574
1,688
11,886
11,886
31,546
18,352
38,013
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.8.4
684
684
684
692
LPG
4.5
4.6
250
3,721
6,764
10,735
717
17,043
128
16,915
5,463
12,388
6,925
Other
Petroleum
Products
31,435
63
63
63
47
110
110
5,960
5,849
5,960
5,960
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
551
104
104
104
104
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
1,839
1,839
1,843
1,343
3,186
32
319
3,538
3,538
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
41,134
250
1,902
1,902
1,906
5,417
8,251
15,824
32
1,036
2,531
18
4,261
6,809
23,701
31,546
62,542
117,685
104
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Singapore
757
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
3.
4.
8,114
50,201
50,201
50,201
70
50,271
250
5,494
7,043
12,787
717
46,871
128
1,522
45,221
31,717
34,936
69,540
72,760
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
1,180
1,180
4,892
4,892
3,713
14,105
10,392
98
98
872
872
774
1,077
303
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
8,724
535
535
11,747
60
11,687
11,152
19,876
11,445
1,462
9,982
9,982
34,936
19,692
44,646
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.8.5
646
646
646
653
LPG
4.5
4.6
250
3,780
6,946
10,975
717
17,269
128
17,141
5,449
14,137
8,688
Other
Petroleum
Products
0
32,877
64
64
64
48
113
113
6,167
6,055
6,167
6,167
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
726
136
136
136
136
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
1,894
1,894
1,898
1,332
3,230
33
325
3,588
3,588
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
41,717
250
1,959
1,959
1,963
5,494
8,423
16,129
33
1,042
3,331
15
4,238
7,584
24,788
34,936
69,610
129,198
136
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
758
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
7,979
44,091
44,091
44,091
45
44,136
250
5,578
6,943
12,771
672
38,740
128
1,499
37,113
23,670
36,387
73,550
86,266
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
1,266
1,266
4,577
4,577
3,311
14,948
11,638
105
105
880
880
774
1,077
303
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
566
566
9,964
53
9,910
9,344
23,926
14,582
7,204
1,446
5,758
5,758
36,387
21,008
51,637
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 7.8.6
590
590
590
592
LPG
4.5
4.6
250
3,746
6,837
10,833
672
15,526
128
15,398
3,894
11,997
8,104
Other
Petroleum
Products
0
33,176
65
65
65
48
113
113
6,233
6,120
6,233
6,233
Gas
5.
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
645
121
121
121
121
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
2,053
2,053
2,058
1,172
3,230
36
329
3,595
3,595
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
41,801
250
2,118
2,118
2,123
5,578
8,163
16,114
36
1,001
5,351
15
4,259
9,625
26,775
36,387
73,595
136,636
121
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Singapore
759
19
19
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Total
19
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
5,322
Commercial
Total
763
Residential
284
2,368
Others
1,907
Industry
Transport
9,896
Gas
Total
9,878
Oil
Coal
Oil
Coal
1990
5,387
269
798
2,485
1,835
5,507
228
849
2,653
1,776
14,934
11,865
34
353
14,602
55
34
34
1992
19
11,961
116
19
19
1991
6,299
233
917
3,188
1,961
16,447
54
948
15,485
40
54
54
1993
6,967
236
895
3,715
2,120
11,898
53
1,129
10,714
53
53
1994
Singapore Summary Table, 19902009
Table 7.8.7
7,477
228
980
3,680
2,589
15,203
50
1,176
13,977
50
50
1995
8,037
252
1,063
3,815
2,907
20,519
55
1,049
19,417
55
55
1996
8,733
252
1,186
3,732
3,563
23,296
61
1,034
22,200
61
61
1997
9,251
252
1,298
3,585
4,115
20,160
64
1,132
18,965
64
64
1998
9,321
252
1,350
3,796
3,922
20,722
66
922
19,733
66
66
1999
9,367
253
1,441
4,159
3,514
20,421
101
942
19,378
101
101
2000
9,750
253
1,504
4,079
3,914
21,797
104
1,511
20,181
104
104
2001
11,270
253
1,592
4,196
5,229
22,014
147
2,326
19,534
147
147
2002
11,501
253
1,588
4,251
5,409
20,035
123
3,285
16,618
123
123
2003
13,218
253
1,624
4,480
6,861
20,584
44
4,662
15,872
44
44
2004
14,744
253
1,707
4,726
8,058
22,991
194
5,234
17,562
194
194
2005
15,251
253
1,823
5,075
8,100
23,845
295
5,649
17,897
295
295
2006
15,824
254
1,902
5,417
8,251
23,701
104
5,960
17,637
104
104
2007
16,114
254
2,118
5,578
8,163
26,775
121
6,233
20,421
121
121
2009
16,129
254
1,959
5,494
8,423
24,788
136
6,167
18,485
136
136
2008
760
1990
Others
15,618
Total
28
6,536
Gas
Total
6,507
Oil
Coal
3,388
Gas
Total
6,950
35
6,915
3,821
3,821
3,388
Oil
Coal
Own Use
Total
16,597
223
16,374
5,387
1,298
67
4,022
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Solar
220
Geothermal
Others
Nuclear
Wind
15,398
Hydro
Thermal
5,322
Biomass
Total
Heat
1,221
55
Electricity
4,046
Gas
Oil
Coal
6,954
260
6,694
3,803
353
3,450
17,674
391
17,283
5,507
1,372
65
4,071
1992
7,591
647
6,944
3,989
948
3,041
19,141
19,141
6,299
1,479
78
4,742
1993
8,290
766
7,524
4,299
1,129
3,170
20,849
20,849
6,967
1,626
81
5,260
1994
8,860
796
8,064
4,636
1,176
3,460
22,241
22,241
7,477
1,741
84
5,653
1995
9,582
718
8,864
5,001
1,049
3,952
24,100
24,100
8,037
1,884
89
6,064
1996
10,293
712
9,580
5,360
1,034
4,326
26,898
710
26,188
8,733
2,118
94
6,521
1997
10,829
776
10,053
5,667
1,132
4,535
28,424
739
27,685
9,251
2,243
98
6,910
1998
11,123
642
10,481
6,065
922
5,143
28,690
28,690
9,321
2,340
101
6,880
1999
11,368
656
10,712
6,505
942
5,563
30,566
30,566
9,367
2,505
105
6,757
2000
11,599
1,022
10,578
6,608
1,511
5,097
33,089
33,089
9,750
2,545
106
7,098
2001
12,332
1,532
10,800
6,342
2,306
4,036
34,665
34,665
11,270
2,674
107
8,489
2002
12,002
2,158
9,844
6,088
3,285
2,803
34,300
34,300
11,501
2,751
106
8,644
2003
13,941
3,053
10,888
7,088
4,662
2,426
2,676
2,676
35,848
225
35,623
13,218
2,853
104
10,261
2004
14,971
3,401
11,570
6,958
5,234
1,724
3,452
3,452
38,214
1,037
37,177
14,744
2,960
96
11,688
2005
15,103
3,688
11,415
6,861
5,649
1,212
3,520
3,520
39,442
1,624
37,818
15,251
3,058
108
12,084
2006
16,117
3,888
12,229
7,694
5,960
1,734
3,714
3,714
41,134
551
40,583
15,824
3,186
110
12,527
2007
16,251
4,065
12,185
7,733
6,233
1,499
16,279
4,023
12,257
7,689
6,167
1,522
3,826
3,826
3,777
3,777
41,801
645
41,155
16,114
3,230
113
12,771
2009
41,717
726
40,991
16,129
3,230
113
12,787
2008
Singapore
761
16,298
15,748
11,845
24.6
140
2000 $)
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
4,659
136
2.14
0.66
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.59
2.22
136
4,814
100.0
99.8
105
232
1.72
3.78
135
24.4
13,737
0.47
2.15
127
4,937
100.0
99.8
101
273
1.70
4.62
134
23.3
15,180
16,927
87,347
49,043
54,687
100.0
3,231
1992
0.46
2.29
125
5,190
100.0
99.7
103
270
1.90
4.96
137
22.9
18,103
18,399
97,374
59,984
60,965
100.0
3,314
1993
0.70
2.42
123
5,529
100.0
99.6
103
177
2.04
3.48
139
23.4
20,249
19,717
107,671
69,231
67,412
100.0
3,419
1994
0.58
2.51
123
5,744
100.0
99.7
103
210
2.12
4.31
142
24.0
22,922
20,519
115,507
80,789
72,318
100.0
3,525
1995
0.47
2.61
123
5,969
100.0
99.7
103
263
2.19
5.59
138
22.9
25,796
21,226
124,448
94,689
77,916
100.0
3,671
1996
0.44
2.71
122
6,489
100.0
99.7
103
275
2.30
6.14
138
22.0
27,545
22,282
135,093
104,562
84,581
100.0
3,796
1997
0.54
2.76
131
6,642
100.0
99.7
112
243
2.36
5.13
132
22.3
24,400
21,083
132,246
95,824
82,798
100.0
3,927
1998
0.54
2.81
126
6,876
100.0
99.7
106
236
2.35
5.23
140
23.7
21,715
22,215
140,463
85,964
87,943
100.0
3,959
1999
0.56
2.82
119
7,234
100.0
99.5
98
213
2.33
5.07
139
25.0
23,815
23,815
153,208
95,923
95,923
100.0
4,028
2000
0.53
2.80
122
7,154
100.0
99.5
103
230
2.36
5.27
140
22.4
22,027
22,898
151,339
91,148
94,752
100.0
4,138
2001
0.56
2.95
125
7,446
100.0
99.3
114
223
2.70
5.27
128
23.3
21,691
23,652
157,755
90,583
98,769
100.0
4,176
2002
0.60
2.92
116
7,775
100.0
99.4
111
194
2.79
4.87
140
22.9
22,690
25,107
165,009
93,363
103,311
100.0
4,115
2003
0.68
3.35
124
7,962
100.0
99.8
117
182
3.17
4.94
142
23.9
26,241
27,085
180,250
109,336
112,853
100.0
4,167
2004
0.65
3.51
124
8,071
100.0
99.2
122
190
3.46
5.39
144
24.4
28,953
28,409
193,557
123,507
121,185
100.0
4,266
2005
0.63
3.43
115
8,081
100.0
98.8
116
181
3.46
5.42
149
25.1
31,519
29,930
210,403
138,730
131,732
100.0
4,401
2006
0.68
3.51
112
8,075
100.0
99.6
110
165
3.45
5.17
154
24.4
36,655
31,228
228,865
168,197
143,291
100.0
4,589
2007
0.66
3.36
112
7,762
100.0
99.5
111
170
3.33
5.12
155
23.1
36,738
30,050
232,269
177,792
145,422
100.0
4,839
2008
0.61
3.26
113
7,531
100.0
99.5
112
186
3.23
5.37
156
22.3
37,790
28,932
230,480
188,479
144,302
100.0
4,988
2009
99.8
111
2000 $ million)
100.0
206
2000 $ million)
1.75
3.25
81,609
76,638
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
43,066
36,093
51,095
100.0
3,135
47,983
100.0
1991

million)
3,047
Urban Population, %
1990
762
7.9 Thailand

513,120
1,239.0
68,706
12.0
173.9
453.0
99.3


Geothermal: 1
Oil: 935
Gas: 8,294
Oil: 43,148
Coal: 4,915
Biomass: 20,861
Gas: 23,337
Oil: 16,188
Coal: 5,021
Biomass: 54
Others: 1
Hydro: 615
Imports: 56,411
Biomass: 34
Stock Changes: 969

Stock Changes: 2
(Discrepancy: 366)
Coal: 5,354
Exports: 2,293
Oil: 3,281
Others: 3,281
Imports: 5,995
Oil: 431
Electricity: 210
Transformation
Losses: 35,890
52,259
Transfers: 3,281
46,886
Stock Change: 1,940
25,256
Biomass: 12,639
Electricity: 11,628
Gas: 4,822
Oil: 35,866
Others: 11,078
Commercial: 4,927
Transport: 20,932
Industry: 24,689

Residential: 10,516
Exports: 10,359
Coal: 7,187
763
764
Table 7.9.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
57,072
59,650
63,155
66,698
68,706
79.4
120.0
122.7
157.4
173.9
Socioeconomic Data
224.5
339.5
347.2
445.2
491.9
1,391
2,012
1,943
2,360
2,531
3,933
5,691
5,497
6,675
7,160
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
11,854
18,485
28,559
50,178
66,024
Net Imports
16,064
30,580
31,813
44,036
45,416
Total PES
27,918
49,065
60,372
94,214
111,440

Source: World Bank.
Table 7.9.2
3,828
7,064
7,838
10,680
14,444
Oil
Coal
17,898
31,537
32,156
42,857
43,754
Gas
5,710
9,833
19,620
22,788
31,631
Biomass
17,064
20,919
482
632
758
825
692
TPES/capita (toe)
0.49
0.82
0.96
1.41
1.62
124
145
174
212
227
Others

Industry
5,917
11,944
12,833
23,314
24,689
Transportation
9,452
16,167
15,945
20,247
20,932
Other Sectors
4,828
6,856
9,897
19,793
26,521
Total FEC
20,196
34,968
38,675
63,353
72,143
Coal
1,357
3,658
3,660
6,827
7,187
15,276
24,397
26,064
32,997
35,866
267
787
1,389
2,067
4,822
Oil
Gas
3,297
6,125
7,562
10,387
11,628
Biomass
Electricity
11,075
12,639
Others
Thailand
Figure 7.9.1

1990
Others
10.7%
2009
Others
15.4%
Commercial
6.8%
Commercial
6.6%
Industry
34.2%
Industry
29.3%
Residential
6.6%
Transport
46.8%
Residential
14.6%
Transport
29.0%
20,196 ktoe
72,143 ktoe

Figure 7.9.2

1990
Electricity
16.3%
2009
Coal
6.7%
Gas
1.3%
Biomass
17.5%
Coal
10.0%
Electricity
16.1%
Oil
75.6%
20,196 ktoe
Gas
6.7%
Oil
49.7%
72,143 ktoe
765

120,000
Others 76
Biomass 20,919
100,000
Hydro 615
80,000
Gas 31,631
ktoe
766
60,000
40,000
Gas 5,710
20,000
Others 53
Biomass 0
Hydro 428
Oil 43,754
Oil 17,898
Coal 14,444
Coal 3,828
1990
2009

Figure 7.9.4

1990
2009
Others
0.0%
Geothermal
0.0%
Biomass
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Hydro
3.6%
Gas
48.2%
Coal
7.6%
Biomass
31.6%
Coal
30.4%
Oil
17.8%
11,854 ktoe

Geothermal
0.0%
Hydro
0.9%
Oil
24.5%
Gas
35.3%
66,024 ktoe
Thailand
Figure 7.9.5

1990
2009
Geothermal
0.0%
Geothermal
0.0%
Others
0.0%
Hydro
11.3%
Others
10.0%
Hydro
4.8%
Thermal
88.7%
Thermal
85.2%
44,174 GWh
148,297 GWh
Figure 7.9.6

1990
2009
Others
0.8%
Others
0.3%
Commercial
26.5%
Industry
46.8%
Commercial
34.8%
Industry
41.9%
Residential
26.5%
Transport
0.0%
Residential
22.5%
Transport
0.0%
38,342 GWh
135,209 GWh
767
Figure 7.9.7

1990
Gas
13.5%
2009
Coal
19.5%
Coal
26.8%
Gas
32.4%
Oil
67.1%
Oil
40.7%
22,538 kt C
60,140 kt C

Figure 7.9.8
19902009
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
ktoe
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
768
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
Thailand
Figure 7.9.9
19902009
769

19902009
120,000
80,000
70,000
100,000
60,000
80,000
ktoe
ktoe
50,000
40,000
30,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
20,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Coal
Biomass
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
10,000
Oil
Gas
Hydro


Figure 7.9.11
19902009
Figure 7.9.12
19902009
Geothermal
Biomass
Others
160,000
70,000
140,000
60,000
120,000
50,000
100,000
ktoe
GWh
40,000
80,000
30,000
60,000
20,000
40,000
10,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro

Geothermal
Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20,000
Thermal
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
770
Figure 7.9.13
19902009

70,000
30,000
60,000
25,000
50,000
20,000
40,000
30,000
10,000
20,000
5,000
10,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
15,000
Coal
Oil
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
kt C
ktoe
35,000
Gas
Coal
Gas

Figure 7.9.16
19902009


400
700
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
350
600
300
500
250
400
200
300
150
200
100
100
50
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity


Oil
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
22,051
4,709
4,709
769
3.
4.
2,861
2,861
231
3,092
3,092
8,493
2,801
2,801
227
48,094
48,094
2,453
53,574
2,414
3,349
41,773
12,736
608
3,290
1,311
705
2,016
5,306
19,451
3,027
28,392
166
37,439
1,946
35,493
2,453
9,388
490
3,444
6,836
1,382
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
53
53
5,296
30
5,378
6,773
6,773
1,398
34
1,432
11
19
958
958
939
908
31
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
315
3,230
3,230
11,795
777
15,801
17,322
35
17,286
1,486
733
2,534
1,579
2,035
3,621
5,959
1,911
4,049
427
132
1,336
1,040
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
4,816
4,816
8,755
4,005
4,750
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
Table 7.9.3 Thailand Energy Balance Table, 2006
608
1,304
703
2,006
2,009
535
175
3,327
168
1,849
1,849
2,453
808
135
672
LPG
4.5
4.6
246
246
4,578
4,578
4,329
82
3,444
831
28
Other
Petroleum
Products
86,339
80
2,071
2,151
19,946
19,946
22,097
7,952
14,144
Gas
5.
8,125
699
699
699
699
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
13,732
5,471
5,471
5,471
6,352
11,823
5,049
1,207
6,256
18,073
23
18,053
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
77
2,322
3,486
5,808
5,886
5,061
10,951
1,360
11,932
11,932
379
65
444
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
138,740
3,409
3,367
9,104
4,191
13,296
16,663
19,535
24,080
63,687
152
1,360
5,049
10,655
16,683
32,387
97,283
1,924
3,444
10,253
58,672
50,383
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Thailand
771
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
28,716
3,095
3,095
285
3.
4.
4.1
4.2
3,824
3,824
83
98
98
4,004
4,004
3,820
3,345
3,345
181
48,197
48,197
3,061
54,783
3,221
2,724
40,217
14,069
3,424
1,435
771
2,205
5,630
19,645
3,981
29,255
77
37,299
908
36,391
3,061
10,273
768
3,778
6,552
825
56
56
5,396
16
5,468
78
6,484
6,484
1,094
38
1,176
121
16
120
120
103
69
34
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
3,362
3,362
11,763
976
16,102
18,419
21
18,398
2,296
142
2,319
165
1,565
1,562
3,133
6,102
888
5,214
2,081
253
2,332
504
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
6,850
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
6,850
10,230
5,026
5,204
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
1,427
769
2,196
2,199
667
1,417
4,283
1,824
1,824
3,061
601
277
324
LPG
4.5
4.6
253
253
4,351
4,351
4,098
12
3,778
367
35
Other
Petroleum
Products
88,166
200
2,296
2,497
20,428
20,428
22,925
8,314
14,611
Gas
5.
8,114
698
698
698
698
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
14,560
5,759
5,759
5,759
6,404
12,163
91
5,440
1,480
6,919
19,173
23
19,153
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
83
2,412
3,686
6,098
6,181
12
5,220
11,413
1,224
12,331
12,331
307
80
386
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
143,376
3,345
3,507
9,605
4,457
14,062
17,569
19,858
24,819
65,591
562
1,224
5,440
10,898
18,133
34,470
101,848
2,454
3,778
9,359
58,795
53,736
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
772
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
29,480
2,182
2,182
136
3.
4.
5,277
5,277
95
14
14
5,385
47
5,338
1,634
3,125
3,125
2,362
49,565
49,565
3,228
53,555
2,520
40,893
15,182
722
3,433
1,930
810
2,739
6,172
19,011
3,880
29,785
122
287
38,678
387
38,003
3,228
11,568
711
3,574
9,071
366
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
50
50
5,285
22
5,357
152
6,354
6,354
1,149
38
1,112
313
313
313
494
807
673
160
160
27
63
90
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
78
3,377
3,377
10,882
977
15,236
82
18,435
40
18,395
3,077
137
3,291
1,608
1,484
3,096
198
6,560
348
6,213
2,919
282
3,443
241
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
7,522
7,522
9,568
4,781
4,787
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
722
1,617
809
2,426
2,428
986
904
5,040
379
287
2,216
1,929
3,228
263
280
25
LPG
4.5
4.6
249
249
45
4,952
4,952
4,658
12
3,574
1,111
40
Other
Petroleum
Products
94,549
664
2,540
3,204
22,293
22,293
25,497
8,261
17,236
Gas
5.
7,113
612
612
612
612
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
14,649
5,962
5,962
5,962
6,816
12,779
174
6,070
1,707
7,777
20,381
63
43
20,401
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
87
2,476
4,142
6,617
6,705
4,898
11,608
1,209
12,679
12,679
138
101
240
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
147,425
3,846
3,520
10,367
4,952
15,319
18,839
19,680
25,593
67,959
2,700
1,209
6,357
10,887
19,857
37,102
103,569
711
3,574
11,709
59,922
58,218
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Thailand
773
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
28,020
2,676
2,676
3.
4.
4,511
4,511
4,511
827
16
5,354
683
5,119
5,119
358
49,252
49,252
3,281
58,010
935
2,261
43,148
16,188
1,199
3,476
2,081
876
2,957
6,434
19,647
3,467
30,747
2,217
424
40,238
308
39,505
3,281
14,256
1,113
3,366
10,209
431
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
49
49
5,598
13
5,661
606
6,657
6,657
1,602
596
1,016
11
13
331
331
345
574
918
904
85
85
70
54
16
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
3,409
3,409
11,494
1,052
15,955
136
19,457
158
19,299
3,480
336
4,148
333
1,480
1,138
2,621
147
6,574
150
6,424
3,950
345
3,684
79
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
7,249
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
7,249
9,933
4,915
5,021
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
1,199
1,750
875
2,625
2,627
785
690
5,301
424
424
2,536
2,112
3,281
516
498
18
LPG
4.5
4.6
291
291
4,929
4,929
4,639
45
3,366
1,327
Other
Petroleum
Products
97,595
1,196
1,280
2,346
4,822
4,057
22,751
22,751
31,631
8,294
23,337
Gas
5.
7,148
615
615
615
615
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
14,848
5,823
5,823
5,823
6,816
12,639
6,309
1,971
8,280
20,919
34
30
54
20,861
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
87
2,612
4,050
6,662
6,749
4,874
11,628
48
1,250
12,754
12,754
76
134
210
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
148,297
7,515
3,564
10,516
4,927
15,443
19,006
20,932
24,689
72,143
1,899
5,307
6,733
9,014
20,142
35,890
111,440
972
3,366
12,652
62,406
66,024
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
774
5,710
428
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
428
53
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
5,917
9,452
1,342
1,333
2,153
20,196
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
27,918
5,710
Oil
Total
3,828
17,898
Coal
11,854
2,112
Oil
Total
3,603
1990
Coal
38
21,522
2,235
2,142
780
9,826
6,539
23,782
2,405
2,598
882
10,471
7,426
33,498
47
30,371
364
7,501
20,800
4,794
14,813
364
7,501
2,521
4,426
1992
394
7,011
18,451
4,466
13,809
394
7,011
2,210
4,193
1991
26,890
1,870
3,040
1,026
12,247
8,706
38,051
51
318
8,397
23,905
5,378
15,901
318
8,397
2,554
4,631
1993
1994
30,541
2,245
2,978
1,109
13,791
10,418
42,536
71
388
9,307
26,649
6,120
17,586
388
9,307
2,716
5,174
Table 7.9.7 Thailand Summary Table, 19902009
34,968
2,122
3,477
1,257
16,167
11,944
49,065
53
577
9,833
31,537
7,064
18,485
577
9,833
2,550
5,524
1995
39,156
3,199
3,789
1,380
17,388
13,400
55,003
62
631
11,518
34,149
8,643
21,411
631
11,518
2,947
6,314
1996
39,287
2,655
4,095
1,519
18,502
12,516
57,457
55
619
14,029
34,037
8,716
24,926
619
14,029
3,409
6,868
1997
36,602
3,672
2,445
3,196
16,297
10,992
55,369
126
445
15,447
32,017
7,332
25,658
445
15,428
3,652
6,132
1998
37,946
3,680
2,519
2,839
16,447
12,461
58,200
178
304
16,837
32,890
7,989
26,823
304
16,810
3,955
5,752
1999
38,675
4,166
2,775
2,955
15,945
12,833
60,372
238
518
19,620
32,156
7,838
28,559
518
17,685
5,159
5,196
2000
41,003
5,462
3,122
2,917
15,739
13,762
63,969
225
542
22,890
31,412
8,898
28,926
542
17,193
5,492
5,698
2001
43,748
5,581
3,077
3,323
16,703
15,064
68,560
218
643
24,537
33,855
9,305
30,679
643
18,012
6,280
5,742
2002
47,261
6,847
3,202
3,533
18,020
15,659
74,506
188
628
26,054
37,925
9,710
32,868
628
18,984
7,736
5,520
2003
61,074
6,988
3,851
8,822
19,625
21,788
94,657
259
16,401
519
22,484
44,497
10,495
47,706
16,381
519
14,877
10,316
5,610
2004
63,353
6,963
3,826
9,003
20,247
23,314
94,214
325
17,064
499
22,788
42,857
10,680
50,178
17,042
499
15,068
12,348
5,220
2005
63,687
6,776
4,191
9,104
19,535
24,080
97,283
379
18,073
699
22,097
44,187
11,847
50,383
18,053
699
14,144
12,736
4,750
2006
65,591
6,852
4,457
9,605
19,858
24,819
101,848
307
19,173
698
22,925
44,510
14,234
53,736
19,153
698
14,611
14,069
5,204
2007
72,143
11,078
4,927
10,516
20,932
24,689
111,440
76
20,919
615
31,631
43,754
14,444
66,024
20,861
615
23,337
16,188
5,021
2009
67,959
7,366
4,952
10,367
19,680
25,593
103,569
138
20,381
612
25,497
41,987
14,953
58,218
20,401
612
17,236
15,182
4,787
2008
Thailand
775
1990
267
Gas
Others
Solar
Wind
Others
4,216
9,236
Gas
Total
4,386
15,114
3,038
22,538
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
5,359
2,548
Oil
24,604
3,859
15,674
5,070
11,300
3,034
2,472
Coal
2,907
Own Use
Total
50,185
4,587
45,598
21,522
3,698
360
15,905
1,559
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
44,174
Total
Geothermal
4,975
Hydro
Nuclear
39,199
Thermal
20,196
Biomass
Total
Heat
3,297
15,276
Oil
Electricity
1,357
Coal
27,022
4,117
17,400
5,505
12,304
5,672
3,565
3,067
57,099
4,239
52,860
23,782
4,240
441
17,374
1,727
1992
30,459
4,608
19,685
6,166
13,575
6,407
4,320
2,848
63,405
3,700
59,705
26,890
4,840
492
19,027
2,531
1993
34,649
5,902
21,736
7,011
15,224
7,290
4,920
3,014
71,175
4,514
66,661
30,541
5,376
587
21,472
3,106
1994
39,181
6,241
24,891
8,049
16,493
7,476
5,611
3,406
80,059
6,713
73,346
34,968
6,125
787
24,397
3,658
1995
43,719
7,308
26,654
9,757
18,581
8,466
5,918
4,197
87,466
7,341
80,125
39,156
6,652
940
27,118
4,446
1996
44,948
8,892
26,217
9,839
20,708
10,910
5,053
4,745
93,252
7,200
86,052
39,287
7,089
951
27,276
3,971
1997
40,857
9,793
23,697
7,367
19,881
11,479
4,339
4,063
90,067
5,177
84,890
36,602
6,917
890
25,526
3,268
1998
43,434
10,681
23,665
9,089
20,066
12,263
3,726
4,077
90,066
3,534
86,532
37,946
7,005
1,127
25,902
3,912
1999
43,465
12,418
22,147
8,901
20,654
14,106
2,344
4,204
95,975
6,026
89,949
38,675
7,562
1,389
26,064
3,660
2000
45,647
14,548
21,040
10,059
22,617
17,399
738
4,480
102,418
6,303
96,115
41,003
7,937
1,572
27,075
4,418
2001
48,294
15,614
22,173
10,507
23,738
18,698
664
4,375
109,010
7,471
101,539
43,748
8,615
1,767
28,436
4,930
2002
50,671
16,377
23,643
10,651
24,816
19,642
715
4,459
116,983
7,299
109,684
47,261
9,198
2,316
30,713
5,034
2003
51,735
14,174
25,617
11,944
26,156
19,786
1,715
4,656
13,699
3,718
9,981
112,211
6,040
106,171
61,074
10,517
9,854
2,341
32,428
5,935
2004
53,900
14,895
26,006
12,999
27,877
21,185
1,967
4,725
14,745
4,030
10,715
132,193
13,700
5,798
112,695
63,353
11,075
10,387
2,067
32,997
6,827
2005
52,759
14,155
24,710
13,895
26,708
19,946
1,946
4,816
15,340
4,160
11,180
138,740
13,732
8,125
116,883
63,687
11,823
10,951
2,151
31,193
7,569
2006
55,003
14,685
24,818
15,499
28,284
20,428
908
6,948
13,765
4,497
9,268
143,376
14,560
8,114
120,702
65,591
12,163
11,413
2,497
32,600
6,918
2007
60,140
19,496
24,500
16,145
30,309
22,751
308
7,249
57,266
16,333
24,175
16,757
30,217
22,293
387
7,536
14,060
5,284
4,629
13,583
8,776
148,297
14,848
7,148
126,298
72,143
12,639
11,628
4,822
35,866
7,187
2009
8,954
147,425
14,649
7,113
125,663
67,959
12,779
11,608
3,204
32,909
7,459
2008
776
0.35
352
254
57.5
88.2
672
284
0.39
0.81
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.81
0.43
286
745
88.0
54.5
250
353
0.37
0.53
47
26.4
0.81
0.46
290
847
87.9
55.8
255
360
0.41
0.58
52
27.2
1,914
1,599
263,397
111,453
93,116
29.8
58,226
1992
0.80
0.52
302
959
89.3
58.2
267
377
0.46
0.65
61
29 .2
2,131
1,718
285,130
125,011
100,799
29.9
58,671
1993
0.81
0.59
315
1,057
89.8
58.7
278
387
0.52
0.72
67
29.3
2,441
1,858
310,755
144,308
109,858
30.1
59,127
1994
0.80
0.66
326
1,194
91.9
62.3
291
409
0.59
0.82
76
30.0
2,817
2,012
339,461
168,019
120,006
30.3
59,650
1995
0.79
0.73
344
1,284
91.4
61.1
308
433
0.65
0.91
85
30.2
3,019
2,109
359,494
181,948
127,088
30.5
60,258
1996
0.78
0.74
359
1,353
90.0
56.6
313
458
0.64
0.94
94
31.1
2,476
2,057
354,564
150,891
125,345
30.6
60,934
1997
0.74
0.66
364
1,305
88.6
53.7
326
494
0.59
0.90
99
31.0
1,814
1,819
317,299
111,860
112,171
30.8
61,660
1998
0.75
0.70
371
1,305
88.0
53.9
324
497
0.61
0.93
98
33.2
1,965
1,877
331,411
122,630
117,160
30.9
62,409
1999
0.72
0.69
354
1,393
84.0
52.7
315
492
0.61
0.96
97
33.6
1,943
1,943
347,154
122,725
122,725
31.1
63,155
2000
0.71
0.71
364
1,445
82.5
54.8
327
510
0.64
1.00
101
33.3
1,808
1,962
354,677
115,536
125,385
31.3
63,899
2001
0.70
0.75
366
1,550
81.5
55.3
331
519
0.68
1.06
142
33.9
1,963
2,043
373,538
126,877
132,052
31.6
64,643
2002
0.68
0.78
358
1,636
79.6
55.9
334
527
0.72
1.14
141
35.0
2,182
2,164
400,208
142,640
141,481
31.8
65,370
2003
0.55
0.78
344
1,735
76.8
49.6
406
629
0.92
1.43
110
35.7
2,442
2,278
425,598
161,340
150,457
32.1
66,060
2004
0.57
0.81
342
1,811
71.2
46.7
403
599
0.95
1.41
120
35.8
2,644
2,360
445,195
176,352
157,385
32.3
66,698
2005
0.54
0.78
319
1,893
71.2
48.2
385
588
0.95
1.45
131
36.1
3,078
2,459
467,868
207,089
165,400
32.6
67,276
2006
0.54
0.81
317
1,958
68.4
47.2
378
586
0.97
1.50
143
36.5
3,643
2,563
491,469
246,977
173,743
33.0
67,796
2007
0.55
0.84
322
1,978
63.8
43.8
382
582
1.00
1.52
143
37.0
3,993
2,608
503,679
272,578
178,060
33.3
68,268
2008
0.54
0.88
346
1,968
63.0
40.8
415
641
1.05
1.62
148
35.6
3,835
2,531
491,944
263,505
173,911
33.7
68,706
2009
0.49
49
25.6
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
1,495
1,702
1,493
1,391
2000 $)
98,235
243,698
85,343
224,486
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
86,152
29.6
57,712
1991
79,360
29.4

million)
57,072
Urban Population, %
1990
Thailand
777
7.10 Viet Nam


331,050
150.0
86,025
7.7
58.8
97.6
4,700.0

Coal: 1,652
Biomass: 14,722
Hydro: 2,578
Gas: 7,101
Oil: 17,317
Coal: 24,480
Coal: 448
Imports: 448

Transformation
Losses: 7,005
Oil: 1,990
Oil: 14,806
(Discrepancy: 227)
Transfers: 1,990
Imports: 15,218
Coal: 60

Electricity: 353
Exports: 27,609
7,705
24,913
Transfers: 724
22,526
24,249
Biomass: 14,704
Gas: 639
Oil: 15,851
Coal: 8,966
Exports: 1,845
Electricity: 6,616
778
Commercial: 1,648
Others: 2,013
Residential: 16,403
Transport: 10,274
Industry: 16,437
Viet Nam
Table 7.10.1
779

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
66,017
71,996
77,631
82,394
86,025
15.0
22.3
31.2
44.8
58.8
Socioeconomic Data
59.7
88.6
124.0
178.1
234.0
227
309
402
543
684
905
1,231
1,597
2,161
2,721
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
5,811
13,562
25,777
59,997
66,199
Net Imports
397
4,439
10,936
19,421
11,877
Total PES
5,414
9,123
14,841
40,575
54,322

Source: World Bank.
Table 7.10.2
Coal
2,212
3,314
4,372
7,082
12,645
Oil
2,737
4,713
7,777
12,533
16,954
186
1,440
4,649
7,101
Gas
Biomass
Others
TPES/capita (toe)
14,807
14,722
462
910
1,251
1,505
2,899
0.08
0.13
0.19
0.49
0.63
91
103
120
228
232

Industry
1,713
3,099
4,653
11,207
16,437
Transportation
1,412
2,525
3,763
6,898
10,274
Other Sectors
1,087
2,309
3,511
17,578
20,064
Total FEC
4,212
7,932
11,927
35,683
46,775
Coal
1,324
2,603
3,223
4,950
8,966
Oil
2,356
4,344
6,759
11,855
15,851
22
18
100
639
Gas
532
963
1,927
3,967
6,616
Biomass
Electricity
14,778
14,704
Others
33
780
Figure 7.10.1

2009
1990
Others
4.3%
Commercial
3.5%
Others
6.5%
Commercial
7.9%
Residential
11.4%
Industry
40.7%
Industry
35.1%
Residential
35.1%
Transport
33.5%
Transport
22.0%
4,212 ktoe
46,775 ktoe

Figure 7.10.2

1990
Electricity
12.6%
Gas
0.0%
2009
Coal
19.2%
Biomass
0.0%
Coal
31.4%
Oil
55.9%
Biomass
31.4%
Electricity
14.1%
Oil
33.9%
Gas
1.4%
4,212 ktoe

46,775 ktoe
Viet Nam

60,000
Others 321
50,000
Biomass 14,722
ktoe
40,000
Hydro 2,578
Gas 7,101
30,000
Oil 16,954
20,000
Others 0
Biomass 0
10,000
Oil 2,737
Coal 2,212
Coal 12,645
Hydro 462
Gas 3
1990
2009

Figure 7.10.4

1990
2009
Others
0.0%
Hydro
7.9%
Gas
0.0%
Biomass
0.0%
Oil
47.3%
Coal
44.7%
Biomass
22.2%
Coal
37.0%
Hydro
3.9%
Gas
10.7%
Oil
26.2%
5,811 ktoe
66,199 ktoe
781
782
Figure 7.10.5

1990
2009
Thermal
38.1%
Hydro
61.9%
Hydro
37.7%
Thermal
62.2%
8,680 GWh
79,498 GWh
Figure 7.10.6

1990
2009
Commercial
9.3%
Others
0.9%
Others
Commercial 6.3%
9.5%
Residential
37.2%
Industry
46.0%
Transport
0.9%
Residential
37.9%
Transport
0.0%
6,185 GWh
76,926 GWh
Industry
51.9%
Viet Nam
Figure 7.10.7

1990
2009
Gas
14.6%
Gas
0.0%
Oil
45.6%
Coal
45.5%
Coal
54.4%
Oil
39.9%
4,973 kt C
31,140 kt C

Figure 7.10.8 Final Energy Consumption by

Sector, 19902009
50,000
45,000
40,000
35,000
ktoe
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5,000
Industry
Transport
Residential

Commercial
Others
783
784
Figure 7.10.9
19902009

19902009
50,000
60,000
45,000
50,000
40,000
35,000
40,000
ktoe
ktoe
30,000
25,000
30,000
20,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
10,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5,000
Coal
Biomass
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Biomass
Others


Figure 7.10.11
19902009

19902009
90,000
70,000
80,000
60,000
70,000
50,000
60,000
ktoe
GWh
40,000
30,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
20,000
10,000
Coal
Oil

Gas
Hydro
Biomass
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
10,000
Thermal
Hydro
Others
Viet Nam
Figure 7.10.13
19902009
785

35,000
12,000
30,000
10,000
25,000
8,000
kt C
ktoe
20,000
6,000
15,000
4,000
10,000
2,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal
Oil
Gas

Figure 7.10.16
19902009

1,000
400
900
450
350
300
250
200
150
100
50

600
500
800
700
400
600
500
300
400
200
300
200
100
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
100
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity


1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5,000
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
13,904
22
1,004
327
1,331
1,352
4,176
5,528
3.
4.
1,685
607
607
17,510
18,117
393
511
731
864
1,596
2,106
7,560
2,235
12,294
483
483
607
12,170
12,170
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
128
128
2,864
2,992
2,992
2,992
103
123
227
227
10
236
236
236
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
365
56
345
401
766
3,831
1,066
5,663
85
85
5,748
5,748
17
21
129
150
167
392
1,038
1,597
398
398
1,995
1,995
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
3,517
3,517
9,045
872
11,936
64
21,790
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
Table 7.10.3 Viet Nam Energy Balance Table, 2006
552
267
818
818
122
941
329
612
612
LPG
4.5
4.6
393
473
865
278
587
587
Other
Petroleum
Products
25,419
326
326
90
4,872
4,872
5,108
1,530
6,638
Gas
5.
20,408
1,755
1,755
1,755
1,755
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
43
11,998
11,998
11,998
2,844
14,841
18
18
14,860
14,860
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
49
1,862
408
2,270
2,318
2,312
4,630
83
655
5,285
5,285
83
83
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
61,459
393
581
15,594
1,600
17,193
17,774
7,560
11,893
37,620
655
5,360
5,360
43,628
872
30,976
12,317
63,159
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
786
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
11.
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
14,200
21
1,008
328
1,336
1,357
4,668
6,025
3,592
3,592
9,617
2,910
17,854
375
24,186
3.
4.
4.1
4.2
64
64
64
64
2,864
670
670
874
15,333
16,876
1,412
506
727
832
1,559
2,065
8,078
2,158
13,713
821
821
670
13,864
969
14,834
121
121
3,166
3,287
3,287
174
3,461
103
111
214
214
13
227
227
32
259
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
370
57
350
407
777
4,116
1,132
6,025
206
206
6,231
347
6,578
14
16
99
115
129
344
861
1,334
615
615
1,949
350
2,299
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Discrepancy
10.
14.1.1
Loss and Own Use
9.
Other Sectors
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Residential and
Commercial
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.
Refineries
8.3
14.1
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
551
272
823
823
152
976
306
670
670
LPG
4.5
4.6
1,412
452
1,864
364
1,500
66
1,566
Other
Petroleum
Products
26,857
542
542
195
4,916
4,916
5,653
486
6,139
Gas
5.
22,884
1,968
1,968
1,968
1,968
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
52
11,975
11,975
11,975
2,873
14,848
22
22
14,870
14,870
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
49
2,019
386
2,405
2,454
37
2,765
5,256
720
5,750
5,750
226
226
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
66,857
1,412
576
15,730
1,546
17,276
17,851
8,115
13,070
40,448
915
5,570
5,570
46,933
2,036
34,642
15,499
64,040
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Viet Nam
787
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
14,738
22
1,070
347
1,417
1,439
6,762
8,201
22
3.
4.
88
88
21
66
66
2,058
691
691
1,173
14,000
15,863
1,197
508
701
753
1,453
1,962
8,622
2,025
13,806
592
592
691
13,704
1,053
14,757
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
122
122
3,379
3,501
3,502
189
3,691
99
100
200
200
12
212
94
118
35
153
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
372
55
317
371
744
4,393
1,062
6,199
38
128
128
6,364
377
6,741
14
15
90
105
119
367
808
1,294
610
464
464
2,368
381
2,749
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
3,728
3,728
11,951
129
10,839
385
22,275
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
531
246
777
777
143
920
10
278
631
631
LPG
4.5
4.6
1,197
483
1,680
548
412
719
72
791
Other
Petroleum
Products
30,234
540
540
175
5,693
5,693
6,408
216
6,624
Gas
5.
25,986
2,235
2,235
2,235
2,235
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
32
11,866
11,866
11,866
2,842
14,708
14
14
14,724
14,724
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
57
2,242
476
2,717
2,774
44
3,026
5,844
13
728
6,282
6,282
277
277
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
73,048
1,197
587
15,878
1,576
17,454
18,041
8,666
15,283
43,187
15
903
5,979
5,979
50,055
1,044
26,108
15,485
61,721
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
788
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
11.
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
12,836
21
1,089
350
1,439
1,460
7,446
8,906
3,680
3,680
12,585
1,652
13,995
448
24,480
3.
4.
60
60
60
60
2,378
1,972
1,972
724
2,696
1,008
13,614
17,317
1,414
518
816
683
1,499
2,017
10,274
2,146
15,851
1,515
646
868
724
14,259
1,266
1,813
14,806
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
131
131
4,116
4,247
708
708
3,539
279
3,818
71
26
96
96
106
106
83
35
58
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
378
46
274
320
697
5,163
1,167
7,027
561
22
539
6,489
660
772
6,601
30
37
46
359
766
1,171
37
624
587
1,758
317
397
1,838
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Discrepancy
10.
14.1.1
Loss and Own Use
9.
Other Sectors
Other
Transformation
8.5.
Residential and
Commercial
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.
Refineries
8.3
14.1
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Coal
1.
692
354
1,046
1,046
203
1,249
125
125
281
843
843
LPG
4.5
4.6
1,414
636
2,050
84
84
443
1,523
206
331
1,648
Other
Petroleum
Products
34,267
639
639
6,462
6,462
7,101
7,101
Gas
5.
29,981
2,578
2,578
2,578
2,578
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
Wind
10.
37
11,989
11,991
11,991
2,713
14,704
18
18
14,722
14,722
Biomass
11.
Others
12.
60
2,509
613
3,122
3,182
3,434
6,616
227
769
6,837
6,837
321
32
353
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
79,498
1,414
599
16,403
1,648
18,051
18,650
10,274
16,437
46,775
227
769
458
6,547
7,005
54,322
1,910
29,454
15,667
66,199
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Viet Nam
789
462
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Others
1,713
1,412
481
334
272
4,212
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
5,414
Nuclear
Total
462
Hydro
2,737
Oil
Gas
2,212
Coal
5,811
2,750
Oil
Total
2,597
1990
Coal
4,461
267
353
618
1,336
1,886
5,096
556
342
664
1,504
2,029
5,968
5,423
622
17
3,186
2,143
9,038
622
17
5,599
2,800
1992
543
25
2,717
2,138
7,492
543
25
4,072
2,851
1991
6,148
420
465
742
2,333
2,189
6,951
685
21
4,172
2,073
10,423
685
21
6,413
3,304
1993
6,701
427
547
870
2,576
2,281
7,732
795
23
4,624
2,291
11,237
795
23
7,228
3,192
1994
Table 7.10.7 Viet Nam Summary Table, 19902009
7,932
621
659
1,029
2,525
3,099
9,123
910
186
4,713
3,314
13,562
910
186
7,790
4,676
1995
8,849
644
860
1,213
2,767
3,365
10,313
1,033
282
5,420
3,579
15,777
1,033
282
8,961
5,501
1996
9,664
571
791
1,354
2,992
3,956
11,682
1,002
506
5,630
4,544
18,157
1,002
506
10,272
6,377
1997
10,383
558
924
1,538
3,183
4,179
13,042
954
935
6,576
4,577
21,151
954
935
12,725
6,536
1998
11,087
695
962
1,663
3,464
4,302
13,641
1,185
1,292
6,938
4,227
23,359
1,185
1,292
15,491
5,392
1999
11,927
537
1,095
1,878
3,763
4,653
14,841
1,251
1,440
7,777
4,372
25,777
1,251
1,440
16,584
6,501
2000
13,428
647
1,274
2,174
4,075
5,259
16,611
1,566
1,563
8,457
5,024
27,434
1,566
1,563
17,046
7,259
2001
15,383
635
1,322
2,456
4,969
6,001
19,419
1,565
2,845
9,493
5,517
30,213
1,565
2,845
16,899
8,904
2002
16,989
664
1,342
2,809
5,571
6,604
21,007
1,633
2,776
10,037
6,562
32,944
1,633
2,776
17,917
10,619
2003
33,471
684
1,472
14,649
5,540
11,126
37,755
13,997
1,526
4,146
10,159
7,928
55,158
13,997
1,526
4,146
20,940
14,550
2004
35,683
846
1,665
15,068
6,898
11,207
40,575
14,807
1,505
4,649
12,533
7,082
59,997
14,807
1,505
5,935
19,609
18,142
2005
37,620
974
1,600
15,594
7,560
11,893
43,628
83
14,860
1,755
5,108
12,777
9,045
63,159
14,860
1,755
6,638
18,117
21,790
2006
40,448
1,988
1,546
15,730
8,115
13,070
46,933
226
14,870
1,968
5,653
14,534
9,681
64,040
14,870
1,968
6,139
16,876
24,186
2007
46,775
2,013
1,648
16,403
10,274
16,437
54,322
321
14,722
2,578
7,101
16,954
12,645
66,199
14,722
2,578
7,101
17,317
24,480
2009
43,187
1,785
1,576
15,878
8,666
15,283
50,055
277
14,724
2,235
6,408
14,394
12,017
61,721
14,724
2,235
6,624
15,863
22,275
2008
790
1990
Gas
Others
Solar
Wind
Others
1,272
Gas
Total
2,704
2,268
4,973
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
16
381
Oil
5,049
10
2,259
2,780
986
431
888
Coal
538
Own Use
Total
9,209
6,317
2,892
4,461
566
2,286
1,600
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
8,680
Total
Geothermal
5,369
Hydro
Nuclear
3,311
Thermal
4,212
Biomass
Total
Heat
532
2,356
Oil
Electricity
1,324
Coal
5,291
2,425
2,864
847
470
374
9,704
7,228
2,476
5,096
596
15
2,716
1,770
1992
6,253
3,447
2,801
791
494
290
10,661
7,965
2,696
6,148
674
14
3,677
1,782
1993
6,907
3,832
3,071
1,035
560
468
12,289
9,243
3,046
6,701
798
16
4,064
1,823
1994
8,133
106
3,731
4,297
1,244
165
369
710
14,647
10,582
4,065
7,932
963
22
4,344
2,603
1995
9,164
162
4,331
4,670
1,574
253
434
886
16,945
12,008
4,937
8,849
1,150
21
4,985
2,692
1996
10,726
307
4,588
5,832
2,325
479
629
1,217
19,132
11,657
7,475
9,664
1,316
20
5,001
3,327
1997
11,793
519
5,414
5,860
3,133
810
1,048
1,275
21,688
11,095
10,593
10,383
1,524
19
5,538
3,302
1998
11,880
592
5,802
5,487
2,953
924
967
1,062
23,558
13,774
9,784
11,087
1,681
19
6,221
3,166
1999
13,046
706
6,663
5,678
3,561
1,102
1,310
1,150
26,562
14,551
12,011
11,927
1,927
18
6,759
3,223
2000
14,370
709
7,224
6,438
3,794
1,106
1,407
1,281
30,608
18,210
12,398
13,428
2,214
15
7,456
3,743
2001
16,802
1,470
8,215
7,117
5,052
2,295
1,257
1,500
35,796
18,198
17,598
15,383
2,586
19
8,761
4,017
2002
18,387
1,368
8,610
8,410
5,105
2,136
744
2,225
40,925
18,986
21,939
16,989
2,996
18
9,639
4,337
2003
19,448
2,656
8,228
8,564
6,168
4,127
447
1,594
6,270
1,708
4,562
46,239
17,741
28,498
33,471
13,997
3,437
19
9,684
6,334
2004
21,065
2,978
10,140
7,947
7,359
4,549
678
2,132
7,334
1,464
5,870
53,463
66
17,497
35,900
35,683
14,778
33
3,967
100
11,855
4,950
2005
23,728
3,330
10,248
10,149
8,872
4,872
483
3,517
7,618
755
6,863
61,459
43
20,408
41,008
37,620
14,841
4,630
326
12,294
5,528
2006
25,340
3,621
10,851
10,868
9,329
4,916
821
3,592
8,372
855
7,517
66,857
52
22,884
43,921
40,448
14,848
5,256
542
13,713
6,089
2007
31,140
4,549
12,414
14,177
10,788
6,462
646
3,680
28,504
4,105
10,905
13,494
10,013
5,693
592
3,728
8,937
950
950
8,467
7,987
79,498
37
29,981
49,480
46,775
14,704
6,616
639
15,851
8,966
2009
7,517
73,048
32
25,986
47,030
43,187
14,708
5,844
540
13,806
8,289
2008
Viet Nam
791
0.92
0.93
0.08
317
98
49.9
38.1
280
341
0.07
0.08
13.8
0.89
0.08
306
101
75.7
51.4
295
345
0.07
0.09
14.5
144
253
68,770
9,867
17,289
21.1
68,450
1992
0.90
0.09
335
113
53.7
50.0
329
372
0.09
0.10
14.6
189
268
74,321
13,181
18,685
21.4
69,645
1993
0.89
0.10
340
131
56.3
45.3
330
380
0.09
0.11
14.7
230
287
80,890
16,286
20,336
21.8
70,825
1994
0.89
0.11
365
156
65.3
48.7
356
410
0.11
0.13
15.2
288
309
88,608
20,736
22,276
22.2
71,996
1995
0.89
0.13
376
183
65.3
53.0
363
423
0.12
0.14
15.8
337
333
96,884
24,657
24,357
22.6
73,157
1996
0.92
0.14
407
206
82.4
55.4
367
443
0.13
0.16
16.5
361
355
104,782
26,844
26,343
23.0
74,307
1997
0.90
0.16
423
235
93.5
62.2
373
468
0.14
0.17
17.2
361
369
110,822
27,210
27,861
23.5
75,456
1998
0.87
0.16
407
255
123.3
71.2
380
467
0.14
0.18
17.7
374
381
116,112
28,684
29,191
23.9
76,597
1999
0.88
0.17
419
289
113.2
73.7
383
476
0.15
0.19
18.6
402
402
123,993
31,173
31,173
24.3
77,631
2000
0.87
0.18
431
328
101.6
65.2
403
498
0.17
0.21
19.3
416
424
132,542
32,685
33,322
24.7
78,621
2001
0.87
0.21
471
378
78.0
55.6
431
544
0.19
0.24
20.2
441
449
141,926
35,058
35,681
25.1
79,539
2002
0.88
0.23
480
433
78.5
56.8
444
548
0.21
0.26
20.9
492
476
152,345
39,553
38,300
25.6
80,468
2003
0.52
0.24
471
491
106.1
46.1
811
915
0.41
0.46
21.4
558
507
164,212
45,428
41,284
26.0
81,438
2004
0.52
0.26
471
560
56.5
47.9
797
906
0.43
0.49
22.4
642
543
178,075
52,917
44,769
26.4
82,394
2005
0.54
0.28
490
646
41.8
44.8
776
900
0.45
0.52
23.3
731
582
192,728
60,914
48,453
26.9
83,313
2006
0.54
0.30
482
726
16.1
36.5
770
893
0.48
0.56
24.3
843
624
209,026
71,016
52,550
27.4
84,221
2007
0.57
0.33
510
798
10.2
23.3
773
896
0.51
0.59
11
25.1
1,070
656
222,217
91,094
55,867
27.8
85,122
2008
0.57
0.36
529
894
2.1
21.9
795
923
0.54
0.63
12
24.5
1,130
684
234,047
97,180
58,841
28.3
86,025
2009
0.08
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.4
CO2/capita (t C)
7.3
331
280
2000 $ million)

2000 $ million)
361
2000 $ million)
94
0.06
person)
0.08
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
98
13.9
143
237
227
2000 $)
9,613
63,297
6,472
59,736
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
15,913
20.7
67,242
1991
15,018
20.3

million)
66,017
Urban Population, %
1990
792
Chapter 8
Developed Group
Developed Group
8,310,110
153,825
5,431.7
77,321.0
32.3
2,565.0
100.0

Sources: ADB (2012), APERC estimates, World Bank, and WEC (2010).

Others: 1,566
Oil: 207,513
Gas: 80,900
Oil: 2,175
Coal: 98,577
Biomass: 14,178
Hydro: 10,229
Nuclear: 71,574
Oil: 29,003
Gas: 48,058
Coal: 225,540
Geothermal: 6,748
StockChanges:
2,175
Imports: 386,990

Transformation
Losses: 167,246
Oil: 56,952
Oil: 12,661
Imports: 57,172
Others: 12,864
Coal: 219
Coal: 202
Exports: 206,305

Transfers: 933
352,378

333,530
65,835

Gas: 42,307
Oil: 209,563
Coal: 34,879
Exports: 20,160
Heat: 732
Biomass: 7,050
Others: 895
Others: 17,401
Commercial: 47,140
Residential: 60,818
Transport: 111,753
794
Industry: 162,252
Developed Group
Table 8.1
795

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
144,050
147,184
149,881
152,302
153,825
4,487.6
4,832.1
5,135.9
5,531.9
5,431.7
3,699.4
3,995.3
4,284.3
4,644.7
4,603.5
Socioeconomic Data
31,153
32,830
34,267
36,322
35,311
25,682
27,145
28,585
30,497
29,926

Source: World Bank.
Table 8.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

246,247
299,336
355,265
381,163
406,896
Net Imports
289,710
303,786
285,941
275,720
204,037
Total PES
535,957
603,122
641,206
656,883
610,933
Coal
111,613
121,526
141,028
165,696
151,057
Oil
284,499
305,400
296,289
285,914
244,716
Gas
62,740
72,844
89,070
97,108
110,866
Biomass
10,281
11,300
13,195
14,181
14,178
Others
66,823
92,052
101,624
93,983
90,117
TPES/capita (toe)
3.72
4.10
4.28
4.31
3.97
145
151
150
141
133
163,531
175,111
188,426
185,105
162,252
Transportation
94,159
108,009
116,863
118,756
111,753
Other Sectors
113,222
129,723
136,966
138,529
125,360
Total FEC
370,912
412,844
442,256
442,390
399,365

Industry
Coal
44,469
42,902
44,351
40,143
34,879
Oil
216,266
241,845
251,572
246,358
209,563
Gas
24,187
30,356
36,053
39,550
42,307
Electricity
77,590
88,931
100,715
107,371
103,938
Biomass
6,757
7,002
7,756
7,304
7,050
Others
1,643
1,808
1,810
1,664
1,627
Sources: APERC (APEC Energy Database).
796

Industry
Transport
Figure 8.1
Residential
Commercial
Others

1990
2009
Others
4.4%
Others
7.0%
Commercial
11.8%
Commercial
10.3%
Industry
44.1%
Residential
13.2%
Industry
40.6%
Residential
15.2%
Transport
25.4%
Transport
28.0%
370,192 ktoe
399,365 ktoe

Coal
Figure 8.2
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass

1990
Biomass
1.8%
Heat
0.1%
Electricity
20.9%
Others
0.4%
2009
Biomass
Heat
1.8%
0.2%
Others
0.2%
Coal
8.7%
Coal
12.0%
Electricity
26.0%
Gas
6.5%
Oil
58.3%
370,192 ktoe
Gas
10.6%
Oil
52.5%
399,365 ktoe
Others
Developed Group

700,000
Others 1,566
Biomass 14,178
600,000
Biomass 10,281
Nuclear 50,705
Hydro 11,498
500,000
Others 1,457
Geothermal 3,164
Nuclear 71,574
Hydro 10,229
Gas 110,866
Gas 62,740
ktoe
400,000
Geothermal
6,748
300,000
Oil 244,716
Oil 284,499
200,000
100,000
Coal 151,057
Coal 111,613
0
1990
2009

Figure 8.4

1990
Geothermal
1.3%
Biomass
4.2%
Nuclear
20.6%
Hydro
4.7%
Gas
9.5%
2009
Geothermal
1.7%
Others
0.6%
Coal
46.1%
Oil
13.1%
Biomass
3.5%
Others
0.4%
Nuclear
17.6%
Hydro
2.5%
Coal
55.4%
Gas
11.8%
Oil
7.1%
246,247 ktoe
406,896 ktoe
797
798
Figure 8.5

1990
2009
Geothermal
0.4%
Others
1.5%
Nuclear
19.0%
Hydro
13.0%
Others
2.8%
Geothermal
0.6%
Nuclear
19.7%
Thermal
66.2%
1,029,956 GWh
Hydro
8.5%
Thermal
68.5%
1,396,799 GWh
Figure 8.6

1990
2009
Others
0.6%
Others
0.8%
Commercial
21.7%
Commercial
27.8%
Industry
49.0%
Industry
40.2%
Residential
26.1%
Residential
29.4%
Transport
2.4%
902,204 GWh
Transport
2.0%
1,208,581 GWh
Developed Group
Figure 8.7

1990
2009
Gas
9.7%
Gas
16.4%
Coal
33.9%
Coal
39.5%
Oil
56.4%
Oil
44.1%
400,727 kt C
443,384 kt C


19902009
450,000
400,000
350,000
ktoe
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
50,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
799
800

19902009

19902009
700,000
450,000
400,000
600,000
350,000
500,000
400,000
250,000
ktoe
ktoe
300,000
200,000
300,000
150,000
200,000
100,000
100,000
50,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Others
Coal
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear


Figure 8.11
19902009
Figure 8.12
19902009
450,000
1,600,000
400,000
1,400,000
350,000
Geothermal
Biomass
Others
1,200,000
300,000
1,000,000
ktoe
GWh
250,000
200,000
800,000
600,000
150,000
200,000
Coal
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
50,000
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear

Geothermal
Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
400,000
100,000
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Others
Developed Group
Figure 8.13
19902009

250,000
500,000
200,000
400,000
150,000
300,000
200,000
50,000
100,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
100,000
Coal
Oil
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
kt C
ktoe
801
Gas
Coal

Oil
Gas


Figure 8.16
19902009
120
130
94
60
40
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
90
88
120
86
84
115
82
80
110
78
76
105
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
80
125
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

92
100
108
Total Primary
Energy Supply
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Power Generation 102,402
125
Stock Changes
Gas Processing
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
Other
Transformation
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Total Final Energy

Consumption
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
5.
6.
7.
8.
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
14.1
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
45
Non-Specified
Others
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
14.2
15.
16.
17.
3.
4.
4.1
21
995
1,016
1,016
21,603
22,619
3,843
3,684
38,447
13
7,658
30,776
631
527
1,321
1,218
1,098
145,416
37
37
3,435
22
5,619
246,890
6,557
247,828
1,303
245,755
1,029
13,230
235,095
24,919
8,403
9,784
19,644
13,978
33,622
43,406
115,394
72,131
239,335
5,282
15,486
5,679
568
249,290
1,144
22,630
219,270
7,246
33,587
1,706
17,989
11,037
64,320
159
162
64,980
120
65,262
402
60,121
60,121
18
4,757
21
850
5,628
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
2,239
12,719
2,104
14,823
17,062
4,738
21,805
121
147
22,313
139
22,174
102
780
295
973
Kerosene
4.2
3,772
43
762
804
4,577
35,896
6,434
46,907
888
1,012
45,692
633
45,058
1,973
177
276
3,877
6,303
2,173
29,522
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
5,679
546
58,703
2,654
49,824
6,439
17,049
95
0
0
294
36
6,883
2,975
9,858
9,895
3,056
9,502
22,746
1,880
8,104
6,670
38,457
53,231
8,542
745 11,539
6,232
1,144
598
4,490
824
16,297
367
0 10,394
86
16,751
LPG
4.5
3,578
8,134
8,134
11,712
4,792
12,880
29,384
211
2,043
21
56,229
18,605
37,602
6,387
456
7,319
3,755
5,143
Fuel Oil
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
0
4.4
4.3
784
527,078
17
14.1.2 Residential
171
81
17,724
17,975
2,439
172
43,974
146,376
162,084
383
151,919
Exports
International
Bunkers
108,991
3.
Imports
2.
Coal
205,394
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Developed Group Energy Balance Table, 2006
1.
Table 8.3
11,803
11,803
Hydro
6.
20,848
296,768 137,250
937
41
11,846
7,431
19,277
19,318
380
21,102
41,738
4,401
9,016
79
969
57,413 11,803
56,524 11,803
102,877
25
14,611
74,208
43,305
Gas
5.
304,291
79,298
79,298
79,298
79,298
Nuclear
7.
6,508
5,673
5,673
5,673
5,673
Geothermal
8.
111
Solar
9.
4,431
201
201
201
201
Wind
10.
24,431
1,593
14
1,607
1,607
5,879
7,486
3,044
48
9,780
9,828
14,269
14,268
Biomass
11.
13,573
6,869
13
595
86
681
694
141
835
207
207
1,042
1,042
Others
12.
709
30,279
28,622
58,902
59,611
2,084
46,914
108,609
787
15,599
124,995
124,995
Electricity
13.
83
31
664
695
778
36,303
1,453,151
9,340
10,676
64,026
51,899
115,925
126,601
117,939
185,531
439,412
3,273
778
43,978
107
6,175
2,400
187
177,725
181,794
5,943
655,968
3,670
17,989
192,118
483,833
385,912
Total
15.
133
911
911
Heat
14.
Unit: ktoe
802
783
536,912
18,481
18,724
3.
4.
4.1
19
870
889
889
21,705
22,594
4,337
3,759
38,611
7,761
30,850
160
506
1,073
1,419
679
158,444
38
38
4,724
92
5,815
246,861
7,787
248,833
1,096
245,336
1,981
16,767
231,902
28,220
8,672
8,893
18,328
12,024
30,352
39,245
114,176
69,053
231,147
6,256
15,270
5,809
581
247,925
981
23,473
217,081
8,639
26,953
647
17,276
15,180
58,762
159
167
64,352
158
64,678
230
61,420
61,420
3,028
96
1,012
4,135
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
1,966
11,357
1,892
13,249
15,215
3,911
19,130
107
105
19,251
52
19,199
142
466
607
283
Kerosene
4.2
3,701
44
770
814
4,516
35,913
6,534
46,962
1,591
828
48,084
13
497
47,573
1,375
45
216
6,959
5,845
0
0
344
38
6,927
2,948
9,875
9,913
2,692
9,319
22,268
1,393
743
6,307
967
634
4,706
728
16,184
290
129
16,023
LPG
4.5
3,029
6,406
6,406
9,435
4,206
10,612
24,252
313
1,999
21
51,284
19,658
31,605
5,040
236
6,875
3,376
4,974
Fuel Oil
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
0
4.4
4.3
Heat Output (TJ)
Non-Specified
Others
14.2
17.
33
14.1.2 Residential
Non-Energy Use
14
14.1.1 Commerce and

Public Services
Electricity Output
(GWh)
110
Other Sectors
Residential and
Commercial
14.
14.1
15.
156
123
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
16.
87
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
223
1,665
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
Other
Transformation
8.5.
43,850
103,226
147,076
167,688
7,443
159,759
114,203
9.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
Coal
220,687
10.
Gas Processing
Refineries
8.2
Power Generation
8.1
8.3
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
7.
8.
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
6.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
1.
Table 8.4
8,325
7,012
38,519
53,856
9,051
11,594
5,809
560
61,578
2,631
52,578
7,909
14,014
205
10,186
3,097
27,501
Other
Petroleum
Products
4.6
21,263
331,205
948
40
11,431
7,101
18,532
18,573
397
22,828
42,746
4,947
11,356
82
833
63,917
63,167
112,321
20
16,760
83,035
46,066
Gas
5.
123,188
10,594
10,594
10,594
10,594
Hydro
6.
279,009
72,710
72,710
72,710
72,710
Nuclear
7.
6,580
5,733
5,733
5,733
5,733
Geothermal
8.
135
11
11
11
11
Solar
9.
6,061
304
304
304
304
Wind
10.
6,853
13
653
86
739
752
145
898
205
205
1,103
1,103
Others
12.
0 13,406
25,071
1,633
14
1,647
1,647
6,095
7,742
3,095
100
9,915
10,015
14,662
14,662
Biomass
11.
713
30,190
28,800
58,990
59,703
2,066
47,950
109,719
809
16,214
126,741
126,741
Electricity
13.
82
31
670
701
784
784
112
895
895
Heat
14.
36,130
1,473,457
9,620
9,775
62,298
49,677
111,975
121,749
116,725
186,295
434,390
414
46,913
94
5,903
1,064
147
178,000
183,080
7,543
657,255
5,341
17,276
209,539
489,321
400,090
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Developed Group
803
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
693
550,994
40
119
128
168
73
18,868
19,109
1,825
299
43,694
104,741
148,436
169,669
2,783
165,745
117,333
220,864
3.
4.
18
694
712
712
21,330
22,041
5,192
3,856
38,519
7,434
31,085
456
650
1,110
587
172,700
39
39
2,687
92
5,347
242,371
9,439
246,463
868
244,775
1,629
17,624
236,397
27,630
8,132
8,308
17,287
10,840
28,127
36,434
111,483
64,085
220,135
11,172
14,535
5,282
727
244,850
946
24,720
213,175
9,399
23,269
54
16,787
20,861
60,971
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
156
160
62,329
104
62,593
324
59,900
59,900
22
3,041
98
1,185
4,128
1,788
10,759
1,623
12,383
14,171
3,264
17,441
171
72
17,235
42
17,194
481
703
444
222
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
7,450
3,626
35
750
785
4,411
35,515
6,431
46,357
84
839
51,947
667
51,280
4,167
423
125
11,069
2,700
5,627
5,627
8,327
3,873
9,941
22,142
271
1,865
21
48,746
20,798
27,927
3,649
72
6,676
3,863
6,819
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
1.
Table 8.5
286
38
6,493
2,835
9,328
9,365
2,559
8,597
20,807
419
725
6,243
946
721
4,576
485
16,051
426
166
16,643
LPG
4.5
4.6
7,841
7,206
35,748
50,795
10,908
11,035
5,282
706
60,779
2,492
52,298
8,929
11,511
76
9,986
4,135
25,708
Other
Petroleum
Products
20,767
341,211
1,074
37
11,636
7,189
18,825
18,863
404
23,670
44,011
2,768
11,091
82
793
64,336
63,626
115,960
10
15,995
85,653
46,312
Gas
5.
115,998
9,976
9,976
9,976
9,976
Hydro
6.
251,744
65,605
65,605
65,605
65,605
Nuclear
7.
7,018
6,103
6,103
6,103
6,103
Geothermal
8.
170
14
14
14
14
Solar
9.
6,898
357
357
357
357
Wind
10.
25,953
1,595
14
1,609
1,609
6,159
7,768
3,032
152
10,319
10,471
15,207
15,206
Biomass
11.
12,733
6,699
17
640
85
725
743
146
888
189
189
1,077
1,077
Others
12.
695
30,879
29,086
59,965
60,660
2,096
47,785
110,541
657
16,056
127,254
127,254
Electricity
13.
74
31
648
679
754
754
112
865
865
Heat
14.
34,780
1,479,387
9,206
9,171
62,096
48,675
110,770
119,941
114,057
182,081
425,286
10,471
45,930
87
5,984
2,480
154
175,113
178,859
8,531
652,015
4,932
16,787
220,875
501,466
393,143
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
804
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
273
517,382
17
19
64
83
15,365
15,544
53
302
36,923
3.
4.
15
549
564
564
18,770
19,334
2,781
3,257
31,905
6,375
25,530
158
202
580
219
436
111,038
38
38
4,268
110
5,350
226,117
3,352
224,120
933
220,932
2,175
17,759
207,513
29,003
7,669
7,791
16,505
9,803
26,307
34,099
109,199
58,558
209,525
16,984
14,118
5,205
653
230,220
875
17,637
205,850
10,994
23,784
1,667
15,255
19,581
56,952
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
173
177
62,183
103
62,462
1,534
60,086
60,086
3,911
17
1,033
4,962
1,720
10,288
1,580
11,868
13,588
3,140
16,734
344
76
16,957
26
16,931
222
203
290
309
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
3,541
34
689
723
4,264
34,219
6,064
44,548
633
906
49,405
659
48,746
2,659
36
103
10,584
7,992
2,315
4,828
4,828
7,143
3,422
7,889
18,455
1,457
1,665
17
40,816
13,620
27,179
5,603
421
6,024
4,054
4,054
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
100
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
79
Refineries
8.3
98,498
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
135,421
151,215
2,376
170,526
98,577
225,540
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
4.
Indigenous
Production
Coal
1.
1.
Table 8.6
299
42
6,183
2,702
8,884
8,927
2,531
7,681
19,437
223
791
6,190
875
613
4,702
619
14,684
575
202
14,311
LPG
4.5
4.6
7,366
6,844
33,681
47,890
13,240
10,679
5,205
636
56,764
2,720
48,204
10,377
13,228
449
9,128
3,418
25,325
Other
Petroleum
Products
20,344
328,484
1,143
42
11,546
7,129
18,674
18,716
418
22,029
42,307
4,169
11,712
67
706
61,655
61,016
110,866
73
18,020
80,900
48,058
Gas
5.
118,947
10,229
10,229
10,229
10,229
Hydro
6.
274,651
71,574
71,574
71,574
71,574
Nuclear
7.
7,764
6,748
6,748
6,748
6,748
Geothermal
8.
292
24
24
24
24
Solar
9.
8,704
454
454
454
454
Wind
10.
22,866
1,526
13
1,539
1,539
5,511
7,050
2,717
220
9,624
9,845
14,178
14,178
Biomass
11.
12,824
6,670
17
643
84
727
744
151
895
193
193
1,088
1,088
Others
12.
646
30,534
28,872
59,406
60,052
2,057
41,829
103,938
804
15,412
120,153
120,153
Electricity
13.
74
31
627
658
732
732
113
845
845
Heat
14.
33,877
1,396,799
8,813
8,588
60,818
47,140
107,959
116,547
111,753
162,252
399,365
9,474
44,910
76
5,739
4,102
169
165,365
167,246
10,061
610,933
1,596
15,255
226,465
444,162
406,896
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Developed Group
805
50,705
3,164
Nuclear
Geothermal
1,457
246,247
Others
Total
50,705
3,164
Nuclear
Geothermal
1,457
535,957
Others
Total
163,531
94,159
49,021
38,306
25,895
370,912
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
10,281
Biomass
11,498
Hydro
Wind
62,740
Gas
284,499
Oil
Solar
111,613
Coal
10,281
Biomass
11,498
Hydro
Wind
23,412
Gas
32,272
Oil
Solar
113,459
Coal
1990
1,445
381,533
25,838
41,103
50,530
96,633
167,429
384,684
25,541
43,207
52,513
99,795
163,629
559,461
1,486
547,704
10,148
3,453
56,559
10,941
66,714
296,944
113,256
266,202
1,445
10,148
3,453
56,559
10,941
26,104
32,273
125,278
1992
10,593
3,439
54,386
12,421
65,134
285,315
114,931
260,821
1,486
10,593
3,439
54,386
12,421
24,551
32,449
121,497
1991
387,977
25,699
41,688
54,437
100,627
165,525
567,341
1,416
10,749
3,494
64,551
12,695
67,412
291,419
115,604
278,484
1,416
10,749
3,494
64,551
12,695
27,460
32,029
126,089
1993
399,894
26,106
44,768
54,909
104,880
169,230
586,874
1,415
10,594
3,487
67,299
10,395
71,341
305,179
117,162
276,734
1,415
10,594
3,487
67,299
10,395
28,901
30,144
124,498
1994
Developed Group Summary Table, 19902009
Table 8.7
412,844
26,365
45,956
57,402
108,009
175,111
603,122
1,458
11,300
4,321
74,763
11,508
72,844
305,400
121,526
299,336
1,458
11,300
4,321
74,763
11,508
31,073
31,298
133,613
1995
422,535
27,067
47,165
59,264
111,914
177,125
623,065
1,466
12,279
4,885
77,268
11,266
77,845
311,451
126,601
306,546
1,466
12,279
4,885
77,268
11,266
32,399
31,253
135,726
1996
428,152
26,603
47,515
58,460
114,067
181,506
634,165
1,470
12,950
5,154
83,693
11,699
79,329
307,469
132,397
325,393
1,470
12,950
5,154
83,693
11,699
32,545
32,188
145,690
1997
425,347
26,015
49,395
58,372
114,698
176,866
624,196
1,379
12,828
5,217
84,949
12,722
81,750
292,081
133,265
340,911
1,379
12,828
5,217
84,949
12,722
33,034
34,415
156,362
1998
432,718
25,118
49,710
58,906
116,369
182,615
632,932
1,292
12,973
5,329
82,671
11,620
85,290
296,628
137,120
334,658
1,292
12,973
5,329
82,671
11,620
34,136
27,843
158,784
1999
442,256
25,138
51,057
60,772
116,863
188,426
641,206
1,299
13,195
15
5,501
83,163
11,643
89,070
296,289
141,028
355,265
1,299
13,195
15
5,501
83,163
11,643
35,576
36,499
168,371
2000
436,437
24,981
51,252
61,234
116,168
182,802
635,805
1,260
13,202
30
5,382
83,532
11,334
92,799
284,374
143,888
371,092
1,260
13,202
30
5,382
83,532
11,334
36,541
37,525
182,282
2001
434,464
23,578
52,054
61,011
116,602
181,219
631,404
1,222
14,061
45
5,407
81,896
11,609
90,774
282,783
143,602
374,331
1,222
14,061
45
5,407
81,896
11,609
37,526
35,290
187,270
2002
436,753
23,216
52,533
61,201
117,003
182,800
637,168
1,157
14,251
73
5,397
59,958
12,399
97,673
290,779
155,474
352,099
1,157
14,251
73
5,397
59,958
12,399
37,542
32,700
188,615
2003
439,836
22,046
53,601
60,891
118,476
184,823
648,748
1,116
14,397
92
5,403
74,497
12,591
95,537
282,097
163,011
371,542
1,116
14,397
92
5,403
74,497
12,591
38,037
29,537
195,865
2004
442,390
21,604
53,006
63,919
118,756
185,105
656,883
1,085
14,181
129
5,560
76,366
10,836
97,108
285,914
165,696
381,163
1,085
14,181
129
5,560
76,366
10,836
41,309
26,007
205,683
2005
439,412
20,016
51,899
64,026
117,939
185,531
655,968
1,042
14,269
201
5,673
79,298
11,803
102,877
279,342
161,453
385,912
1,042
14,268
201
5,673
79,298
11,803
43,305
24,919
205,394
2006
434,390
19,395
49,677
62,298
116,725
186,295
657,255
1,103
14,662
304
11
5,733
72,710
10,594
112,321
272,289
167,528
400,090
1,103
14,662
304
11
5,733
72,710
10,594
46,066
28,220
220,687
2007
399,365
17,401
47,140
60,818
111,753
162,252
610,933
1,088
14,178
454
24
6,748
71,574
10,229
110,866
244,716
151,057
406,896
1,088
14,178
454
24
6,748
71,574
10,229
48,058
29,003
225,540
2009
425,286
18,377
48,675
62,096
114,057
182,081
652,015
1,077
15,207
357
14
6,103
65,605
9,976
115,960
268,044
169,673
393,143
1,077
15,206
357
14
6,103
65,605
9,976
46,312
27,630
220,864
2008
806
1990
77,590
Gas
Electricity
15,785
113,978
110,492
52,916
37,080
143,765
Oil
Gas
Total
40,907
225,982
38,907
400,727
Gas
Total
410,078
230,296
135,838
Oil
138,874
146,368
38,667
51,510
Coal
53,769
Coal
56,191
51,744
51,602
Own Use
62,234
58,890
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
Total
15,813
12
4,065
218,076
127,224
717,597
384,684
1,337
6,401
347
81,368
26,542
226,029
42,661
1992
15,824
13
4,125
248,656
147,622
681,945
387,977
1,311
6,958
372
82,218
27,807
226,667
42,644
1993
16,346
16
4,117
259,567
120,869
754,774
399,894
1,295
6,670
438
86,829
28,872
233,282
42,507
1994
17,497
19
5,078
287,879
133,815
742,382
412,844
1,268
7,002
540
88,931
30,356
241,845
42,902
1995
18,087
15
23
5,735
297,606
131,004
767,719
422,535
1,227
7,573
612
91,913
31,796
246,560
42,854
1996
19,426
21
28
6,048
321,738
136,031
768,940
428,152
1,216
7,804
661
94,335
32,384
247,603
44,150
1997
19,569
33
34
6,125
327,296
147,931
776,268
425,347
1,138
7,432
688
96,082
33,017
244,841
42,149
1998
20,271
93
38
6,251
317,687
135,115
815,713
432,718
1,062
7,379
717
97,575
34,264
249,816
41,905
1999
20,960
257
44
6,314
319,756
135,381
853,201
442,256
1,069
7,756
741
100,715
36,053
251,572
44,351
2000
23,336
546
50
6,212
321,104
131,706
866,731
436,437
1,035
7,530
748
101,389
35,793
247,806
42,136
2001
24,362
912
58
6,224
314,934
134,990
873,172
434,464
995
7,922
758
102,670
36,093
245,033
40,995
2002
27,985
1,477
69
6,216
230,423
143,890
945,520
436,753
923
7,556
760
102,863
36,771
246,927
40,953
2003
31,857
2,188
79
6,217
285,866
146,348
933,136
439,836
889
7,157
788
106,697
37,906
245,406
40,993
2004
31,606
3,077
92
6,384
293,038
126,001
980,038
442,390
867
7,304
797
107,371
39,550
246,358
40,143
2005
434,390
898
7,742
784
109,719
42,746
231,185
41,318
2007
425,286
888
7,768
754
110,541
44,011
220,174
41,150
2008
31,300
4,431
111
6,508
304,291
137,250
31,924
6,061
135
6,580
279,009
123,188
32,652
6,898
170
7,018
251,744
115,998
969,261 1,026,561 1,064,906
439,412
835
7,486
778
108,609
41,738
239,372
40,594
2006
29,536
8,704
292
7,764
274,651
118,947
956,905
399,365
895
7,050
732
103,938
42,307
209,563
34,879
2009
414,515
42,251
234,120
138,143
150,506
39,340
52,117
59,048
117,648
54,494
63,154
409,652
42,895
227,644
139,113
142,667
38,837
43,777
60,053
117,726
54,914
62,812
427,162
45,084
240,917
141,162
155,917
40,836
52,624
62,456
123,073
58,388
64,685
434,191
46,676
242,167
145,348
152,789
41,630
45,635
65,524
127,983
59,741
68,242
445,112
48,855
244,997
151,259
159,054
43,417
44,429
71,209
127,953
62,547
65,406
450,903
50,571
241,630
158,702
160,522
45,190
39,300
76,032
130,352
63,508
66,844
449,010
51,839
236,081
161,091
161,300
45,992
34,823
80,484
135,341
64,942
70,399
459,973
54,815
240,355
164,802
167,686
49,568
34,453
83,665
136,087
63,618
72,470
472,623
57,138
240,228
175,258
173,058
51,377
32,523
89,157
143,143
69,054
74,089
466,720
59,206
233,113
174,401
176,273
54,261
28,175
93,837
153,928
72,572
81,356
468,120
60,264
230,199
177,657
180,585
55,757
26,832
97,996
145,278
67,650
77,628
485,962
63,462
237,902
184,598
195,155
59,261
32,600
103,295
148,656
72,346
76,310
485,963
63,011
233,712
189,241
191,953
56,026
28,493
107,433
158,653
74,774
83,879
493,177
65,469
236,139
191,569
199,001
57,101
30,680
111,221
163,955
74,282
89,673
487,010
67,888
228,398
190,724
195,981
56,791
29,154
110,036
157,687
74,737
82,950
489,784
74,325
222,679
192,781
205,486
63,283
31,240
110,963
162,963
77,634
85,329
443,384
72,779
195,683
174,923
186,889
61,048
20,977
104,865
484,746
75,183
216,040
193,522
210,012
63,716
34,141
112,154
160,480
77,258
78,083
164,397
83,222
86,314
1,029,956 1,069,391 1,082,788 1,098,187 1,155,695 1,186,679 1,220,190 1,252,232 1,277,256 1,295,167 1,335,914 1,349,685 1,354,652 1,355,580 1,405,692 1,440,238 1,453,151 1,473,457 1,479,387 1,396,799
14,934
Total
Others
Solar
Wind
209,451
144,426
4,057
195,797
Nuclear
3,752
133,692
Hydro
Geothermal
681,779
Thermal
695,671
381,533
370,912
Total
1,386
1,383
Others
6,812
6,757
317
80,420
25,612
221,952
45,035
1991
Biomass
261
24,187
Oil
Heat
44,469
216,266
Coal
Table 8.7 continued
Developed Group
807
67.8
147,184
67.9
147,804
1996
68.1
148,389
1997
68.2
148,936
1998
68.4
149,411
1999
68.5
149,881
2000
68.7
150,443
2001
68.9
151,045
2002
69.1
151,641
2003
69.3
151,976
2004
69.5
152,302
2005
69.7
152,639
2006
69.9
153,072
2007
70.2
153,471
2008
70.4
153,825
2009
23,721
22.3
472
GDP - Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
89
2.83
2.57
119
83
54.1
88.7
6,264
89
2.78
0.75
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.74
2.85
89
6,515
89.1
52.4
83
120
2.65
3.85
497
22.1
28,679
32,090
0.72
2.81
87
6,559
89.0
50.9
83
121
2.66
3.89
508
21.3
32,320
32,127
0.73
2.92
90
6,896
90.1
52.8
84
124
2.73
4.01
518
20.9
35,236
32,337
0.72
2.95
90
7,027
89.8
50.4
85
125
2.80
4.10
530
21.3
38,715
32,830
0.71
3.01
90
7,232
90.0
50.8
85
125
2.86
4.22
544
21.5
34,607
33,593
0.71
3.04
89
7,393
89.5
48.7
85
126
2.89
4.27
553
21.7
32,108
34,041
0.72
3.01
90
7,503
88.2
45.4
86
126
2.86
4.19
559
21.0
28,962
33,392
0.73
3.08
92
7,595
90.6
47.1
87
127
2.90
4.24
565
20.8
32,238
33,391
0.74
3.15
92
7,815
87.7
44.6
86
125
2.95
4.28
573
21.2
34,267
34,267
0.73
3.10
91
7,838
86.8
41.6
85
123
2.90
4.23
575
20.1
30,103
34,266
0.74
3.10
90
7,905
87.5
40.7
84
122
2.88
4.18
591
19.7
29,005
34,338
0.76
3.20
92
7,889
88.8
44.7
83
121
2.88
4.20
593
20.4
31,550
34,751
0.75
3.20
90
8,165
89.5
42.7
81
120
2.89
4.27
597
21.0
35,028
35,672
0.75
3.24
89
8,199
90.9
42.0
80
119
2.90
4.31
603
21.5
35,188
36,322
0.74
3.19
86
8,275
91.1
41.2
78
116
2.88
4.30
606
21.8
34,215
37,009
0.75
3.20
85
8,336
89.6
39.1
75
114
2.84
4.29
606
22.1
35,102
37,819
0.74
3.16
84
8,377
89.7
39.7
74
113
2.77
4.25
606
22.2
39,337
37,449
0.73
2.88
82
7,858
88.1
33.4
74
112
2.60
3.97
597
19.0
39,555
35,311
GDP = gross domestic product, CO2 = carbon dioxide, GWh = gigawatt-hour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatt-hour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total primary
energy supply.
0.75
6,464
88.6
52.4
83
118
2.64
3.72
3.79
486
22.8
26,652
31,958
31,153
2000 $)
3,699,438 3,804,933 3,834,808 3,861,333 3,910,883 3,995,324 4,108,501 4,184,412 4,133,613 4,159,573 4,284,306 4,305,857 4,342,413 4,417,736 4,548,743 4,644,749 4,745,103 4,866,135 4,844,623 4,603,452
67.5
146,436
1995
3,417,060 3,856,555 4,165,850 4,711,394 5,159,786 5,698,266 5,115,076 4,764,441 4,313,445 4,816,642 5,135,971 4,528,785 4,381,038 4,784,303 5,323,407 5,359,211 5,222,469 5,373,077 6,037,093 6,084,505
67.2
145,775
1994
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
66.9
145,256
1993
66.6
144,700
1992
4,487,623 4,624,376 4,661,279 4,683,367 4,735,295 4,832,122 4,965,192 5,051,369 4,973,244 4,988,988 5,135,936 5,155,030 5,186,531 5,269,706 5,421,359 5,531,919 5,649,046 5,788,978 5,747,398 5,431,741
66.3
1991

million)
144,050
Urban Population, %
1990
Table 8.7 continued
808
8.1 Australia
7,682,300
76,400.0
21,952
28.9
550.6
100.0
2,335.0

Sources: ADB (2012), UNDP (2009), World Bank, and WEC (2010).
Others: 548
Gas: 5,122
Oil: 19,876
Biomass: 5,764
Gas: 41,184
Oil: 25,503
Coal: 222,226
Hydro: 1,057
Imports:
24,999
Oil: 41
Stock Changes: 41

Oil: 10,915
Coal: 202
Exports: 202,487
Others: 11,117
Imports: 15,565
Oil: 15,565
Transformation
Losses: 36,478
55,992
Transfers: 857
82,674
Stock Change: 267
57,163
19,920
Gas: 13,215
Electricity: 18,384
Biomass: 3,975
Others: 197
Transport: 28,714
Sector: 77,082
Residential: 10,013
Commercial: 6,478
Others: 6,013
Oil: 38,034
Coal: 3,277
Type: 77,082
Industry: 25,864
Exports: 997
809
810
Table 8.1.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
17,065
18,072
19,153
20,395
21,952
298.7
336.6
416.9
489.7
550.6
407.0
458.8
568.1
667.3
750.4
17,501
18,627
21,766
24,009
25,083
23,850
25,385
29,663
32,719
34,184

Source: World Bank.
Table 8.1.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
158,144
187,221
233,412
267,916
296,282
Net Imports
71,297
94,341
125,445
152,031
169,341
Total PES
86,847
92,880
107,967
115,885
126,941
Coal
34,980
37,549
48,156
50,750
50,930
Oil
31,201
32,554
34,152
35,559
40,356
Gas
15,344
17,029
19,095
22,966
28,286
Biomass
3,961
4,270
5,035
5,120
5,764
Others
1,361
1,478
1,528
1,489
1,606
TPES/capita (toe)
5.09
5.14
5.64
5.68
5.78
213
202
190
174
169
Industry
19,121
20,866
23,777
25,632
25,864
Transportation
21,111
23,080
25,658
27,739
28,714
Other Sectors
16,227
18,135
20,131
21,740
22,503
Total FEC
56,459
62,081
69,566
75,111
77,082
Coal
4,204
4,287
4,115
3,476
3,277
Oil
28,999
31,397
34,714
36,797
38,034
Gas
8,810
10,180
11,459
13,444
13,215
Electricity
11,112
12,460
14,857
17,334
18,384
Biomass
3,252
3,678
4,340
3,998
3,975
81
80
82
63
197
Others
Australia
Industry
Figure 8.1.1
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others

1990
2009
Others
7.8%
Commercial
6.2%
Others
9.3%
Commercial
8.4%
Industry
33.9%
Residential
13.3%
Industry
33.6%
Residential
13.0%
Transport
37.4%
Transport
37.3%
56,459 ktoe
77,082 ktoe

Figure 8.1.2

1990
Biomass
5.8%
2009
Others
0.1% Coal
7.4%
Electricity
19.7%
Gas
15.6%
Biomass
5.2%
Others
0.3%
Electricity
23.9%
Oil
51.4%
Oil
49.3%
Gas
17.1%
56,459 ktoe
Coal
4.3%
77,082 ktoe
811

140,000
Others 548
Biomass 5,764
120,000
Gas 28,286
100,000
Biomass 3,961
80,000
Gas 15,344
ktoe
812
Others 81
Hydro 1,280
Oil 40,356
60,000
Oil 31,201
40,000
Coal 50,930
20,000
Coal 34,980
1990
2009

Figure 8.1.4

1990
Biomass
2.5%
Hydro
0.8%
2009
Others
0.1%
Hydro
0.4%
Biomass
Others
1.9%
0.2%
Gas
13.9%
Gas
11.2%
Oil
18.4%
Coal
67.1%
158,144 ktoe
Oil
8.6%
Coal
75.0%
296,282 ktoe
Hydro, 1,057
Australia
Figure 8.1.5

1990
2009
Others
0.0%
Others
Hydro 2.3%
4.7%
Hydro
9.6%
Thermal
90.4%
154,269 GWh
Thermal
93.0%
259,980 GWh
Figure 8.1.6

1990
2009
Others
0.8%
Others
1.8%
Commercial
26.2%
Commercial
21.1%
Industry
43.9%
Industry
45.8%
Residential
29.8%
Residential
27.8%
Transport
1.4%
129,214 GWh
Transport
1.3%
213,733 GWh
813
Figure 8.1.7

1990
2009
Gas
17.1%
Gas
12.3%
Oil
31.2%
Coal
56.5%
Coal
54.3%
Oil
28.7%
75,443 kt C
107,411 kt C

Figure 8.1.8
19902009
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
ktoe
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
814
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
Australia
Figure 8.1.9
19902009

19902009
140,000
80,000
70,000
120,000
60,000
100,000
50,000
80,000
ktoe
ktoe
815
40,000
60,000
30,000
40,000
20,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20,000
10,000
Coal
Others
Oil
Gas


Figure 8.1.11
19902009
Figure 8.1.12
19902009
Biomass
Others
300,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
200,000
GWh
250,000
150,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
50,000
Coal
Oil
Gas

Hydro
Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
100,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe
Hydro
Thermal
Hydro
Others

120,000
50,000
100,000
40,000
80,000
kt C
60,000
30,000
60,000
20,000
40,000
10,000
20,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Coal
Gas

Oil
Gas


Figure 8.1.16
19902009
350
140
120
100
80
60
40
300
200
200
150
150
100
100
TPES
CO2 Emissions
50
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
50
TFEC
250
250
20
GDP
300
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

ktoe
Figure 8.1.13
19902009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
816
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
194,341
21
23
23
79
2,439
2,541
18
3.
4.
31
33
33
896
929
75
621
2,546
425
2,121
496
527
31
2,385
37
37
4,111
22
48
33,351
33,303
1,156
30,407
124
12,550
20,002
23,079
3,006
1,952
263
568
831
2,783
26,904
3,588
36,280
5,766
2,390
22
31,772
593
31,156
7,096
6,184
228
3,771
1,776
11,959
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
105
105
14,835
14,941
408
13,091
13,091
2,257
620
2,877
11
11
11
16
122
94
94
51
51
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,810
30
483
513
2,323
8,391
2,390
13,104
335
972
9,654
497
9,156
4,585
117
198
360
5,260
152
841
996
54
68
21
1,069
97
951
59
24
811
471
1,365
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
3,822
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
45,031
48,854
51,412
91
149,984
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
201,305
Coal
1.
Australia Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.1.3
294
36
234
71
304
341
1,769
244
2,648
1,016
47
698
698
670
310
39
349
LPG
4.5
4.6
2,707
1,756
112
4,575
6,641
1,296
7,164
7,164
6,426
1,078
99
2,761
325
2,107
Other
Petroleum
Products
30,799
623
2,908
948
3,856
3,858
379
8,298
13,157
3,869
6,280
79
328
7,551
7,958
23,526
14,611
1,204
36,933
Gas
5.
16,029
1,378
1,378
1,378
1,378
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
106
Solar
9.
1,713
147
147
147
147
Wind
10.
947
1,422
1,431
1,431
2,571
4,002
48
1,126
1,174
5,176
5,174
Biomass
11.
54
58
58
58
58
58
Others
12.
160
4,823
4,404
9,227
9,387
225
7,830
17,442
3,830
21,271
21,271
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
246,320
3,629
2,113
9,473
5,985
15,458
17,572
27,586
25,659
74,446
2,122
13,142
1,378
1,579
328
34,991
38,276
5,940
117,802
788
3,771
178,921
33,198
268,084
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Australia
817
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
197,635
20
21
2,412
2,518
844
3,739
3.
4.
25
27
27
911
938
77
629
2,535
412
2,123
479
506
27
2,109
38
38
5,323
92
99
34,953
34,854
989
30,650
287
15,103
20,740
25,301
3,342
1,923
318
591
908
2,831
27,382
3,673
37,227
6,628
2,252
21
32,528
521
31,986
8,525
5,596
19
3,916
1,455
10,986
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
108
108
14,996
15,104
518
14,044
14,044
1,578
29
662
2,268
11
11
11
15
54
73
73
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,778
30
506
535
2,313
8,937
2,555
13,804
1,062
790
9,482
367
9,115
4,417
66
72
245
4,668
168
804
975
157
76
21
969
154
794
414
66
763
199
1,311
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
21
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
85
Refineries
8.3
44,782
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
48,521
51,883
6,937
158,314
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
217,133
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.1.4
344
38
288
71
359
396
1,441
226
2,407
565
48
828
828
614
448
14
434
LPG
4.5
4.6
2,994
1,840
87
4,921
7,527
1,332
7,132
7,132
7,911
1,263
139
3,080
349
2,305
Other
Petroleum
Products
32,044
625
2,908
907
3,816
3,817
396
8,428
13,267
2,542
7,910
82
264
7,829
8,175
26,811
16,760
4,598
38,973
Gas
5.
14,517
1,248
1,248
1,248
1,248
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
127
11
11
11
11
Solar
9.
2,611
225
225
225
225
Wind
10.
971
1,463
1,471
1,471
2,630
4,102
99
1,141
1,240
5,342
5,342
Biomass
11.
140
143
143
143
144
144
Others
12.
160
4,837
4,567
9,405
9,564
228
7,977
17,769
3,822
21,591
21,591
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
250,014
3,967
2,084
9,669
6,123
15,792
17,876
28,091
26,069
76,003
315
14,705
1,308
2,425
264
34,578
38,575
7,536
121,431
7,749
3,916
191,632
36,351
288,376
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
818
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
200,835
17
18
18
71
2,664
2,753
398
3.
4.
23
24
24
954
977
71
691
2,541
351
2,190
452
456
2,781
39
39
3,144
92
150
32,759
32,608
789
30,384
179
14,992
21,339
23,859
3,333
1,945
345
592
937
2,882
28,138
3,897
38,250
10,283
2,176
21
33,089
669
32,399
9,319
8,991
127
4,006
1,516
14,386
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
110
110
14,927
15,037
831
13,651
13,651
2,217
28
560
2,750
10
15
58
86
86
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,797
28
508
536
2,333
9,629
2,686
14,648
338
804
10,426
508
9,919
5,871
79
66
396
6,412
159
872
1,034
156
69
21
1,001
161
819
440
887
247
1,567
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
3,738
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
44,440
48,178
51,329
2,107
163,964
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
217,400
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.1.5
286
38
317
72
389
426
1,360
243
2,315
512
51
910
910
401
543
18
562
LPG
4.5
4.6
3,041
2,063
96
5,201
9,411
1,243
7,014
7,014
8,918
77
193
3,053
313
3,096
Other
Petroleum
Products
35,522
691
2,952
923
3,875
3,877
403
8,354
13,326
1,083
7,338
82
270
7,809
8,161
27,742
15,995
4,346
39,391
Gas
5.
12,057
1,037
1,037
1,037
1,037
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
160
14
14
14
14
Solar
9.
3,093
266
266
266
266
Wind
10.
1,771
1,428
1,436
1,436
2,680
4,116
150
1,609
1,758
5,874
5,874
Biomass
11.
152
157
157
157
157
157
Others
12.
161
5,005
4,678
9,683
9,844
242
8,159
18,244
3,879
22,123
22,123
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
256,219
4,023
2,109
9,885
6,244
16,129
18,238
28,854
26,747
77,862
6,525
14,175
1,300
330
270
34,071
35,310
8,530
125,342
2,257
4,006
196,468
40,075
287,998
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Australia
819
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
203,334
15
15
2,401
2,495
442
2,833
3.
4.
18
19
19
763
782
496
1,405
338
1,068
202
202
2,639
38
38
4,250
110
219
33,463
33,244
857
29,999
41
15,421
19,876
25,503
3,231
2,014
344
607
951
2,965
27,972
3,828
37,996
13,696
2,061
17
33,122
624
32,481
10,915
10,357
267
3,944
997
15,565
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
133
133
14,613
14,746
1,913
13,752
13,752
2,907
44
231
3,182
13
38
11
59
59
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,838
26
518
544
2,382
9,758
2,577
14,717
937
871
10,506
491
10,014
6,511
200
62
307
7,081
148
900
1,051
319
61
17
906
132
756
676
763
182
1,624
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
15
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
79
Refineries
8.3
44,958
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
47,791
50,728
2,453
169,045
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
222,226
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.1.6
299
42
318
79
396
439
1,368
268
2,373
439
52
878
878
538
571
16
555
LPG
4.5
4.6
2,927
2,085
83
5,095
10,927
1,065
7,021
7,021
10,377
311
39
3,119
276
3,123
Other
Petroleum
Products
35,854
617
3,012
1,015
4,027
4,029
417
8,151
13,215
1,236
8,070
67
265
7,905
8,237
28,286
18,020
5,122
41,184
Gas
5.
12,295
1,057
1,057
1,057
1,057
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
Geothermal
8.
277
24
24
24
24
Solar
9.
3,806
327
327
327
327
Wind
10.
1,775
1,361
1,368
1,368
2,607
3,975
218
1,571
1,789
5,764
5,764
Biomass
11.
190
197
197
197
197
197
Others
12.
148
5,104
4,810
9,914
10,062
246
8,076
18,384
4,059
22,443
22,443
Electricity
13.
Heat
14.
259,980
3,848
2,165
10,013
6,478
16,491
18,655
28,714
25,864
77,082
8,644
14,796
1,512
341
265
34,361
36,478
10,058
126,941
2,477
3,944
203,483
40,563
296,282
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
820
19,121
21,111
7,490
3,481
5,256
56,459
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
86,847
81
Total
Others
Wind
3,961
Biomass
Solar
1,280
Hydro
Geothermal
15,344
Gas
31,201
Oil
Nuclear
34,980
Coal
158,144
81
Total
3,961
Wind
Others
Biomass
Solar
1,280
Hydro
Geothermal
17,693
Gas
29,026
Oil
Nuclear
106,103
Coal
1990
80
56,025
5,100
3,613
7,617
20,651
19,043
56,479
5,089
3,698
7,765
21,184
18,742
87,063
81
85,773
3,508
1,356
14,633
30,621
36,864
172,465
80
3,508
1,356
19,693
28,687
119,139
1992
3,934
1,385
14,439
29,622
36,313
167,629
81
3,934
1,385
18,416
29,050
114,763
1991
58,586
5,371
3,799
8,345
21,574
19,498
91,481
80
4,173
1,458
15,191
33,035
37,543
175,239
80
4,173
1,458
21,137
28,407
119,983
1993
Australia Summary Table, 19902009
Table 8.1.7
59,967
5,524
3,883
7,994
22,155
20,411
91,620
80
4,068
1,432
15,922
33,034
37,083
173,825
80
4,068
1,432
22,817
26,739
118,687
1994
62,081
5,679
4,146
8,310
23,080
20,866
92,880
80
4,270
1,397
17,029
32,554
37,549
187,221
80
4,270
1,397
25,285
28,365
127,823
1995
63,977
5,758
4,403
8,435
23,918
21,463
99,375
80
4,866
1,353
17,203
35,191
40,679
190,185
80
4,866
1,353
26,052
27,876
129,956
1996
65,577
5,725
4,546
8,620
24,384
22,302
101,615
80
5,068
1,449
17,219
33,457
44,340
201,343
80
5,068
1,449
25,845
28,221
140,676
1997
66,629
5,862
4,760
8,788
24,406
22,813
104,245
80
4,955
1,353
17,890
32,822
47,142
216,794
80
4,955
1,353
26,835
31,140
152,427
1998
67,667
5,893
4,900
8,826
24,889
23,159
106,043
81
4,968
1,424
18,174
33,286
48,104
213,394
81
4,968
1,424
27,318
25,058
154,539
1999
69,566
6,029
5,041
9,061
25,658
23,777
107,967
82
5,035
1,438
19,095
34,152
48,156
233,412
82
5,035
1,438
28,360
33,910
164,578
2000
70,178
6,113
5,029
9,227
25,442
24,367
105,673
86
5,086
18
1,456
20,196
30,606
48,221
249,101
86
5,086
18
1,456
29,002
35,016
178,433
2001
69,738
5,282
5,627
9,538
26,015
23,276
109,411
88
5,414
31
1,381
21,332
32,550
48,611
253,970
88
5,414
31
1,381
30,219
32,969
183,863
2002
70,539
6,252
5,544
9,336
26,396
23,010
110,841
66
5,177
60
1,418
22,034
33,735
48,344
253,440
66
5,177
60
1,418
31,186
30,667
184,858
2003
72,259
5,816
5,683
9,393
27,000
24,367
111,138
63
5,133
61
1,404
22,783
32,289
49,398
258,421
63
5,133
61
1,404
32,038
27,643
192,073
2004
75,111
6,307
5,910
9,524
27,739
25,632
115,885
63
5,120
76
1,343
22,966
35,559
50,750
267,916
63
5,120
76
1,343
35,226
24,129
201,952
2005
74,446
5,742
5,985
9,473
27,586
25,659
117,802
58
5,176
147
1,378
23,526
36,591
50,916
268,084
58
5,174
147
1,378
36,933
23,079
201,305
2006
76,003
6,051
6,123
9,669
28,091
26,069
121,431
144
5,342
225
11
1,248
26,811
36,247
51,404
288,376
144
5,342
225
11
1,248
38,973
25,301
217,133
2007
77,082
6,013
6,478
10,013
28,714
25,864
126,941
197
5,764
327
24
1,057
28,286
40,356
50,930
296,282
197
5,764
327
24
1,057
41,184
25,503
222,226
2009
77,862
6,132
6,244
9,885
28,854
26,747
125,342
157
5,874
266
14
1,037
27,742
39,375
50,878
287,998
157
5,874
266
14
1,037
39,391
23,859
217,400
2008
Australia
821
1990
8,810
11,112
Gas
Electricity
81
Solar
Wind
Others
19,594
Total
3,471
33,122
Gas
Total
42,633
23,506
9,303
75,443
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
2,612
946
Oil
75,873
9,012
23,010
43,850
33,306
968
28,705
Coal
29,727
19,218
10,093
Own Use
9,697
9,501
9,521
156,049
16,103
139,946
56,025
81
3,225
11,328
8,866
28,230
4,294
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
154,269
Total
Geothermal
14,880
Hydro
Nuclear
139,389
Thermal
56,459
Others
Total
3,252
Biomass
28,999
Oil
Heat
4,204
Coal
77,091
9,515
22,865
44,712
34,092
2,837
677
30,578
20,196
10,239
9,957
158,886
11
15,768
143,107
56,479
80
2,932
11,435
9,032
28,762
4,238
1992
77,908
9,965
23,276
44,667
34,400
2,931
687
30,782
20,146
10,230
9,916
162,982
13
16,953
146,016
58,586
80
3,597
11,771
9,275
29,544
4,319
1993
79,041
10,529
23,893
44,619
34,218
3,145
696
30,377
20,347
10,231
10,116
166,796
16
16,649
150,127
59,967
80
3,492
12,090
9,696
30,269
4,340
1994
81,502
11,398
24,797
45,306
35,289
3,562
793
30,935
21,370
10,757
10,613
172,439
19
16,239
156,174
62,081
80
3,678
12,460
10,180
31,397
4,287
1995
85,562
11,476
25,712
48,374
38,072
3,182
749
34,141
21,774
10,958
10,816
176,674
23
15,731
160,913
63,977
80
4,213
12,811
10,239
32,505
4,129
1996
90,093
11,520
25,918
52,655
41,116
3,099
591
37,426
21,923
11,027
10,896
181,979
28
16,852
165,092
65,577
80
4,404
13,233
10,407
32,942
4,510
1997
94,418
11,989
26,160
56,270
44,648
3,334
594
40,720
24,665
12,354
12,311
194,346
34
15,733
178,571
66,629
80
4,269
14,034
10,722
33,105
4,418
1998
95,897
12,468
26,581
56,848
46,101
3,858
503
41,741
27,960
13,923
14,037
202,858
28
38
16,563
186,229
67,667
81
4,250
14,492
10,944
33,584
4,316
1999
96,911
12,989
27,395
56,527
46,785
4,061
525
42,200
29,802
14,822
14,980
209,096
58
44
16,720
192,274
69,566
82
4,340
14,857
11,459
34,714
4,115
2000
97,211
13,680
27,128
56,403
47,817
4,413
602
42,801
36,014
17,863
18,151
223,996
700
210
50
16,933
206,103
70,178
86
4,299
15,515
12,085
34,364
3,829
2001
99,452
14,984
27,577
56,891
52,407
7,662
570
44,175
29,613
14,551
15,062
226,613
633
364
58
16,054
209,504
69,738
88
4,557
16,437
11,924
33,848
2,885
2002
100,598
15,077
28,343
57,178
51,580
7,782
409
43,388
30,368
17,409
12,959
225,702
866
703
69
16,490
207,574
70,539
66
4,231
16,070
12,448
34,964
2,759
2003
103,505
15,679
28,994
58,832
52,142
7,814
428
43,899
34,610
16,785
17,825
235,616
892
705
79
16,331
217,609
72,259
62
4,049
16,556
12,794
35,483
3,315
2004
106,299
16,545
29,863
59,891
53,108
7,864
479
44,765
33,717
14,940
18,777
244,575
879
885
91
15,612
227,108
75,111
63
3,998
17,334
13,444
36,797
3,476
2005
106,641
16,918
29,646
60,076
53,601
7,551
593
45,456
33,848
15,229
18,619
246,320
947
1,713
106
16,029
227,525
74,446
58
4,002
17,442
13,157
36,318
3,469
2006
107,883
18,215
30,081
59,588
53,544
7,829
521
45,194
33,339
17,228
16,111
250,014
971
2,611
127
14,517
231,788
76,003
143
4,102
17,769
13,267
37,265
3,456
2007
107,411
18,338
30,781
58,292
53,824
7,905
624
45,295
108,261
17,839
31,010
59,412
53,269
7,809
669
44,791
36,109
19,100
17,069
33,910
17,009
259,980
1,775
3,806
277
12,295
241,827
77,082
197
3,975
18,384
13,215
38,034
3,277
2009
16,841
256,219
1,771
3,093
160
12,057
239,138
77,862
157
4,116
18,244
13,326
38,289
3,730
2008
822
17,238
17,501
18,431
14.5
573
2000 $)
GDP - Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
291
189
82.1
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
4.39
4.42
0.87
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.89
4.41
258
7,602
6.3
98.1
189
291
3.23
4.98
569
13.7
18,805
17,107
407,872
328,992
299,290
85.7
17,495
1992
0.85
4.41
250
7,749
14.0
91.6
188
294
3.32
5.18
574
13.5
17,861
17,633
424,538
315,554
311,519
85.8
17,667
1993
0.86
4.43
244
7,875
19.1
89.7
185
283
3.36
5.13
583
13.5
18,288
18,139
441,376
326,530
323,874
86.0
17,855
1994
0.88
4.51
242
8,018
12.9
101.6
184
276
3.44
5.14
589
13.0
20,534
18,627
458,766
371,091
336,634
86.1
18,072
1995
0.86
4.67
244
8,137
20.8
91.4
182
283
3.49
5.43
606
13.0
22,045
19,153
477,949
403,661
350,711
86.3
18,311
1996
0.89
4.87
247
8,311
15.6
98.1
180
279
3.54
5.49
613
12.7
23,636
19,692
496,935
437,674
364,642
86.5
18,517
1997
0.91
5.05
248
8,723
5.1
108.0
175
273
3.56
5.57
632
12.5
21,443
20,382
519,722
401,217
381,363
86.8
18,711
1998
0.90
5.07
239
8,905
24.7
101.2
169
264
3.58
5.60
638
12.1
20,618
21,190
546,539
390,209
401,041
87.0
18,926
1999
0.90
5.06
232
9,021
0.7
116.2
167
259
3.63
5.64
642
11.8
21,768
21,766
568,135
416,923
416,888
87.2
19,153
2000
0.92
5.01
228
9,295
14.4
135.7
165
248
3.62
5.44
625
11.8
19,597
21,920
579,904
380,428
425,524
87.4
19,413
2001
0.91
5.06
225
9,728
1.3
132.1
158
247
3.55
5.57
634
11.6
20,214
22,499
602,543
397,239
442,135
87.6
19,651
2002
0.91
5.06
220
9,394
9.1
128.7
154
243
3.55
5.57
643
11.7
23,547
22,950
622,259
468,469
456,603
87.8
19,895
2003
0.93
5.14
218
9,566
14.4
132.5
152
234
3.59
5.52
653
11.3
30,569
23,628
648,119
615,276
475,579
88.0
20,127
2004
0.92
5.21
217
9,885
32.1
131.2
153
237
3.68
5.68
662
10.9
34,128
24,009
667,298
696,034
489,652
88.2
20,395
2005
0.91
5.15
211
9,800
36.9
127.6
147
233
3.60
5.69
671
10.5
36,203
24,386
687,860
749,316
504,740
88.4
20,698
2006
542,761
88.7
21,499
2008
0.89
5.12
206
9,807
30.2
137.5
145
232
3.61
5.76
675
10.4
40,660
24,806
712,377
0.86
5.04
199
9,870
39.4
129.8
143
231
3.62
5.83
683
10.4
48,348
25,246
739,675
856,816 1,039,415
522,730
88.6
21,073
2007
0.85
4.89
195
9,740
36.8
133.4
140
231
3.51
5.78
683
9.6
42,131
25,083
750,389
924,843
550,622
88.9
21,952
2009
GDP = gross domestic product, CO2 = carbon dioxide, GWh = gigawatt-hour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatt-hour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total primary
energy supply.
0.88
255
253

2000 $ million)
7,622
7,573
1.9
95.4
188
288
3.24
4.96
568
14.2
19,091
person)
7.0
3.31
5.09
406,029
407,003
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
329,965
314,519
297,937
85.5
17,284
298,651
85.4
1991

million)
17,065
Urban Population, %
1990
Australia
823
8.2 Japan
364,500
350.0
127,558
1.8
4,817.3
68.0
100.0

Sources: ADB (2012), UNDP (2009), World Bank, and WEC (2010).
Coal: 654
Coal: 150
Others: 648
Oil: 2,189
Indigenous
Production: 94,020
Gas: 75,778
Oil: 182,823
Coal: 98,216
Biomass: 7,319
Oil: 798
Nuclear: 71,574
Gas: 3,326
Hydro: 7,089
Geothermal: 2,612
Gas: 15
Imports: 356,817
Imports: 39,383
Coal: 219
Oil: 39,163
Transformation
Losses: 125,669
Oil: 1,903

Others: 1,903
287,273
328,559
267,258
42,521

Electricity: 82,297
Gas: 27,389
Oil: 165,711
Coal: 31,063
Exports: 18,954
Heat: 732
Biomass: 2,131
Others: 455
824
Others: 9,883
Commercial: 39,525
Residential: 49,317
Transport: 78,464
Industry: 132,590
Japan
Table 8.2.1
825

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Socioeconomic Data
123,537
125,439
126,870
127,773
127,558
4,150.3
4,450.3
4,667.4
4,979.5
4,817.3
3,227.9
3,461.2
3,630.1
3,872.8
3,746.7
33,595
35,478
36,789
38,972
37,766
26,129
27,593
28,613
30,310
29,372

Source: World Bank.
Table 8.2.2

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009

75,441
98,634
106,958
99,704
94,020
Net Imports
359,656
395,915
408,666
423,747
371,268
Total PES
435,096
494,549
515,624
523,451
465,288
Coal
75,444
82,870
91,814
112,739
98,659
Oil
249,022
267,404
256,457
244,310
198,267
Gas
43,525
51,988
64,918
70,914
79,120
Biomass
5,591
6,068
7,122
7,946
7,319
Others
61,515
86,218
95,314
87,541
81,923
TPES/capita (toe)
3.52
3.94
4.06
4.10
3.65
135
143
142
135
124
140,882
150,365
160,674
155,667
132,590
70,087
81,282
87,140
86,475
78,464

Industry
Transportation
93,791
107,703
112,070
112,862
98,725
Total FEC
Other Sectors
304,760
339,350
359,884
355,004
309,778
Coal
39,591
38,009
39,747
36,148
31,063
Oil
183,241
205,615
211,551
203,598
165,711
Gas
13,574
17,844
21,610
24,803
27,389
Electricity
64,052
73,825
82,913
86,767
82,297
Biomass
2,909
2,507
2,529
2,317
2,131
Others
1,393
1,550
1,534
1,371
1,187
826
Figure 8.2.1

1990
2009
Others
6.4%
Others
3.2%
Commercial
11.1%
Commercial
12.8%
Residential
13.2%
Industry
46.2%
Residential
15.9%
Transport
23.0%
Industry
42.8%
Transport
25.3%
304,760 ktoe
309,778 ktoe

Figure 8.2.2

1990
Biomass
1.0%
Heat
0.1%
Electricity
21.0%
Others
0.4%
2009
Biomass
Heat 0.7%
0.2%
Others
0.1%
Coal
10.0%
Coal
13.0%
Electricity
26.6%
Gas
4.5%
Oil
60.1%
304,760 ktoe
Gas
8.8%
Oil
53.5%
309,778 ktoe
Japan

Others 648
500,000
Others, 1,206
450,000
Biomass 7,319
Biomass, 5,591
Geothermal, 1,380
Geothermal
2,612
Nuclear 71,574
400,000
Nuclear 50,705
Hydro 8,224
Gas 43,525
Hydro 7,089
350,000
Oil 249,022
Oil 198,267
Gas 79,120
ktoe
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
Coal 98,659
Coal 75,444
1990
2009

Figure 8.2.4

1990
Biomass
7.4%
Geothermal
1.8%
2009
Others
1.6%
Oil
0.7%
Gas
2.4%
Coal
7.9%
Biomass
7.8%
Geothermal
2.8%
Others
0.7%
Coal
0.7%
Nuclear
67.2%
Nuclear
76.1%

Gas
3.5%
Hydro
7.5%
Hydro
10.9%
75,441 ktoe
Oil
0.8%
94,020 ktoe
827
828
Figure 8.2.5

1990
Geothermal
0.3%
Others
1.8%
Geothermal
0.2%
Nuclear
23.2%
Hydro
11.3%
2009
Others
2.8%
Nuclear
25.1%
Thermal
63.5%
843,898 GWh
Thermal
64.3%
Hydro
7.5%
1,093,783 GWh
Figure 8.2.6

1990
2009
Others
0.4%
Others
0.4%
Commercial
21.9%
Commercial
28.3%
Industry
49.9%
Industry
39.6%
Residential
25.1%
Residential
29.6%
Transport
2.6%
19,942 GWh
Transport
2.2%
96,313 GWh
Japan
Figure 8.2.7

1990
2009
Gas
8.7%
Gas
16.1%
Coal
28.8%
Oil
62.5%
Coal
35.0%
Oil
48.9%
318,949 kt C
327,169 kt C

Figure 8.2.8
19902009
400,000
350,000
300,000
ktoe
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
50,000
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
829
830
Figure 8.2.9
19902009

19902009
600,000
400,000
350,000
500,000
300,000
400,000
ktoe
ktoe
250,000
200,000
150,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
100,000
50,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Heat
Biomass
Coal
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear


Figure 8.2.11
19902009
Figure 8.2.12
19902009
120,000
Others
1,000,000
80,000
60,000
600,000
40,000
400,000
20,000
200,000
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear

Geothermal
Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
GWh
800,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe
Biomass
1,200,000
100,000
Coal
Geothermal
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Geothermal
Others
Japan
Figure 8.2.13
19902009

400,000
160,000
350,000
140,000
300,000
120,000
250,000
kt C
100,000
80,000
200,000
150,000
40,000
100,000
20,000
50,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
60,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ktoe
831
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal

Sources: APERC (APEC Energy Database).


Figure 8.2.16
19902009
120
115
100
110
Oil
Gas

80
60
40
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20
GDP
TFEC
TPES
CO2 Emissions
105
74
72
100
70
95
68
66
90
64
85
62
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
80
76
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

78
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
784
327,199
14,911
14,911
2,419
171
39,764
56,200
95,964
108,628
405
108,348
3.
4.
19
964
983
983
20,667
21,651
3,768
3,009
35,631
13
7,056
28,562
135
1,321
1,187
1,098
143,008
819
5,571
208,280
6,557
209,265
210,085
1,007
210,313
779
5,080
7,341
19,309
13,295
32,604
39,945
83,905
68,107
197,037
511
12,736
5,679
546
212,222
1,144
22,031
182,823
26,440
1,482
13,180
9,166
50,268
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
47,665
108
47,773
793
45,450
45,450
1,529
49
230
1,809
2,239
12,719
2,092
14,811
17,050
4,735
21,785
140
22,217
139
22,078
153
831
295
973
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
276
1,525
201
201
1,726
25,846
3,697
31,268
559
40
34,186
131
34,055
3,306
32
34
3,517
3,578
8,130
8,130
11,708
4,617
12,032
28,356
152
1,975
54,772
18,509
36,263
6,085
420
6,246
3,196
3,777
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
685
Coal
1.
Japan Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.2.3
6,590
2,872
9,462
9,462
1,253
9,191
19,905
861
699
5,534
1,144
598
3,792
15,951
327
80
16,358
LPG
4.5
4.6
5,080
4,524
38,345
47,949
1,855
9,883
5,679
546
50,063
2,654
41,184
18,503
178
6,901
1,849
27,075
Other
Petroleum
Products
20,848
256,118
8,798
6,370
15,168
15,168
12,174
27,342
577
2,459
1,296
48,112
46,816
76,040
25
73,004
3,061
Gas
5.
97,650
8,398
8,398
8,398
8,398
Hydro
6.
304,291
79,298
79,298
79,298
79,298
Nuclear
7.
3,140
2,824
2,824
2,824
2,824
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
2,096
Wind
10.
23,252
24
24
24
2,499
2,523
3,044
8,515
8,515
7,994
7,994
Biomass
11.
13,573
6,869
527
20
547
547
547
207
207
754
754
Others
12.
319
24,367
23,463
47,830
48,149
1,851
37,818
87,818
812
11,344
99,974
99,974
Electricity
13.
5,080
7,743
53,074
44,777
97,851
105,594
85,756
156,177
352,607
1,063
29,720
107
4,680
3,942
140
138,358
139,062
520,326
2,920
13,180
10,487
443,120
103,793
Total
15.
36,303
0 1,163,626
83
31
664
695
778
778
89
867
867
Heat
14.
Unit: ktoe
832
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
783
336,115
15,669
15,669
791
222
39,719
3.
4.
17
845
862
862
20,755
21,617
4,261
3,073
35,810
7,178
28,632
319
1,073
1,392
679
156,334
564
5,715
207,031
7,787
209,104
209,668
2,370
206,464
833
5,046
6,486
17,934
11,311
29,246
35,732
82,166
64,919
187,862
387
12,670
5,809
560
210,318
967
22,952
180,029
20,116
709
12,281
13,603
45,290
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
46,833
148
46,980
723
45,860
45,860
396
35
335
767
1,966
11,357
1,881
13,237
15,204
3,907
19,111
54
99
19,176
52
19,123
141
465
607
283
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,490
187
187
1,678
25,253
3,611
30,541
510
39
36,839
130
36,709
6,639
100
104
6,714
278
3,029
6,401
6,401
9,430
4,010
9,796
23,236
175
1,923
49,909
19,504
30,404
5,070
175
5,840
3,069
3,663
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
57,844
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
97,563
114,246
291
113,815
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
722
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.2.4
6,578
2,842
9,420
9,420
1,215
9,026
19,661
840
695
5,479
967
634
3,877
15,640
275
129
15,494
LPG
4.5
4.6
5,046
4,855
38,432
48,333
1,456
9,914
5,809
560
53,055
2,631
44,055
15,648
72
6,337
2,748
24,805
Other
Petroleum
Products
21,263
287,319
8,402
6,086
14,487
14,487
13,740
28,227
2,461
3,213
1,097
53,983
52,886
81,865
19
78,437
3,448
Gas
5.
85,033
7,313
7,313
7,313
7,313
Hydro
6.
279,009
72,710
72,710
72,710
72,710
Nuclear
7.
3,025
2,720
2,720
2,720
2,720
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
2,521
Wind
10.
23,884
24
24
24
2,609
2,633
3,095
8,633
8,633
8,171
8,171
Biomass
11.
13,406
6,853
499
20
519
519
519
205
205
724
724
Others
12.
332
24,281
23,453
47,734
48,066
1,829
38,710
88,606
825
11,958
101,388
101,388
Electricity
13.
82
31
670
701
784
784
79
863
863
Heat
14.
36,130
1,180,100
5,046
6,900
51,188
42,386
93,575
100,474
83,995
156,402
345,917
578
31,135
94
4,469
3,286
130
139,074
140,221
517,851
2,769
12,281
14,675
445,398
96,641
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Japan
833
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
693
345,327
15,779
15,779
1,555
299
39,589
59,316
98,905
116,538
1,103
117,014
3.
4.
17
671
688
688
20,339
21,027
5,122
3,112
35,724
6,920
28,804
456
650
1,106
587
169,787
533
5,194
204,303
9,439
208,548
209,081
1,863
210,089
855
4,476
5,910
16,877
10,135
27,012
32,923
78,689
59,713
175,801
949
11,997
5,282
706
206,379
946
24,020
175,425
13,322
185
11,658
19,135
44,300
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
44,910
96
45,006
435
44,645
44,645
73
71
594
450
1,787
10,759
1,614
12,373
14,161
3,263
17,424
105
62
17,148
42
17,107
485
706
444
222
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
198
1,423
175
175
1,597
24,141
3,370
29,108
378
35
39,710
127
39,583
10,817
329
13
10,673
2,700
5,623
5,623
8,323
3,681
9,038
21,042
118
1,796
47,227
20,637
26,590
3,635
43
5,486
3,436
5,244
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
Industry Sector
12.
13.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
10.
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
627
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.2.5
6,118
2,723
8,841
8,841
1,160
8,295
18,296
93
673
5,333
946
721
3,666
15,396
405
166
15,967
LPG
4.5
4.6
4,476
4,798
35,651
44,925
1,446
9,430
5,282
706
52,316
2,492
43,835
11,966
272
6,159
3,822
22,219
Other
Petroleum
Products
20,767
295,037
8,567
6,173
14,739
14,739
14,644
29,384
1,762
3,502
1,062
54,718
53,656
84,779
10
81,307
3,482
Gas
5.
81,595
7,017
7,017
7,017
7,017
Hydro
6.
251,744
65,605
65,605
65,605
65,605
Nuclear
7.
2,814
2,532
2,532
2,532
2,532
Geothermal
8.
10
Solar
9.
2,748
Wind
10.
23,970
22
22
22
2,604
2,626
3,032
8,569
8,569
8,163
8,163
Biomass
11.
12,733
6,699
474
20
494
494
494
189
189
683
683
Others
12.
329
24,784
23,618
48,403
48,732
1,846
38,428
89,006
620
11,734
101,359
101,359
Electricity
13.
74
31
648
679
754
754
77
831
831
Heat
14.
34,780
1,179,733
4,476
6,314
50,772
41,265
92,038
98,352
80,535
151,507
334,870
4,061
30,643
88
4,570
2,076
116
136,134
138,601
508,175
3,161
11,658
19,785
453,816
88,964
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
834
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
273
310,753
12,546
12,546
448
299
33,717
3.
4.
14
531
545
545
17,972
18,517
2,789
2,711
30,257
5,881
24,377
360
580
219
0
39,163
12,458
1,903
875
5,205
636
3,159
436
108,390
4,144
5,371
16,097
9,099
25,197
30,567
76,662
54,338
0 165,711
100
0 11,703
5,129
187,486 191,842
3,352 17,011
185,709 168,115
185,809
2,189
0 10,234
0 18,374
182,823
798
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
45,117
97
45,214
458
44,824
44,824
68
32
797
697
1,719
10,288
1,572
11,861
13,580
3,138
16,718
305
65
16,896
26
16,871
217
198
290
309
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
1,336
116
116
1,453
22,729
3,177
27,358
300
35
37,145
165
36,980
9,887
205
10,277
189
2,315
4,825
4,825
7,140
3,243
6,978
17,361
1,130
1,604
39,343
13,488
25,856
5,760
434
4,957
3,667
2,430
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
52,906
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
86,623
99,019
150
98,216
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
654
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.2.6
5,809
2,586
8,395
8,395
1,129
7,350
16,873
215
739
5,312
875
613
3,824
14,004
557
202
13,649
LPG
4.5
4.6
4,144
4,445
33,598
42,187
2,266
9,260
5,205
636
48,322
2,720
39,761
13,952
477
5,273
3,142
21,890
Other
Petroleum
Products
20,344
283,658
8,388
5,983
14,371
14,371
13,018
27,389
2,902
3,396
971
52,208
51,237
79,120
15
75,778
3,326
Gas
5.
82,432
7,089
7,089
7,089
7,089
Hydro
6.
274,651
71,574
71,574
71,574
71,574
Nuclear
7.
2,901
2,612
2,612
2,612
2,612
Geothermal
8.
15
Solar
9.
3,427
Wind
10.
20,885
22
22
22
2,109
2,131
2,717
7,905
7,905
7,319
7,319
Biomass
11.
12,824
6,670
438
17
455
455
455
193
193
648
648
Others
12.
294
24,326
23,268
47,595
47,889
1,802
32,607
82,297
750
10,925
93,972
93,972
Electricity
13.
74
31
627
658
732
732
77
809
809
Heat
14.
33,877
1,093,783
4,144
5,739
49,317
39,525
88,842
94,581
78,464
132,590
309,778
807
29,034
76
4,095
4,357
96
125,950
125,669
465,288
4,256
10,234
18,954
396,200
94,020
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
Japan
835
1,206
75,441
Total
1,380
Nuclear
Geothermal
1,206
435,096
Others
Total
140,882
70,087
40,322
33,949
19,520
304,760
Industry
Transport
Residential
Commercial
Others
Total
5,591
Biomass
50,705
Hydro
Wind
8,224
Gas
43,525
Oil
Solar
75,444
249,022
Coal
5,591
Others
Wind
Biomass
1,380
Geothermal
Solar
8,224
50,705
Nuclear
Gas
Hydro
555
1,847
Oil
5,933
Coal
1990
1,197
315,592
19,560
36,610
41,701
73,022
144,698
318,103
19,275
38,594
43,565
75,525
141,144
457,647
1,237
447,643
5,790
1,559
56,559
7,771
47,614
261,710
75,446
80,140
1,197
5,790
1,559
56,559
7,771
1,944
881
4,438
1992
5,832
1,521
54,386
9,067
46,486
251,562
77,552
79,980
1,237
5,832
1,521
54,386
9,067
1,926
770
5,241
1991
318,991
19,093
37,034
44,872
75,842
142,150
460,324
1,163
5,689
1,494
64,551
9,217
47,876
253,635
76,698
89,081
1,163
5,689
1,494
64,551
9,217
1,979
800
4,188
1993
Japan Summary Table, 19902009
Table 8.2.7
328,995
19,166
39,938
45,689
79,298
144,904
479,669
1,156
5,629
1,621
67,299
6,741
51,367
266,993
78,864
89,291
1,156
5,629
1,621
67,299
6,741
2,032
764
4,049
1994
339,350
18,991
40,861
47,851
81,282
150,365
494,549
1,200
6,068
2,511
74,763
7,744
51,988
267,404
82,870
98,634
1,200
6,068
2,511
74,763
7,744
1,961
757
3,629
1995
346,744
19,372
41,857
49,546
84,308
151,662
507,502
1,207
6,432
3,077
77,268
7,662
56,271
270,564
85,020
101,921
1,207
6,432
3,077
77,268
7,662
1,976
735
3,564
1996
350,614
18,869
42,058
48,549
85,922
155,215
515,890
1,210
6,933
3,260
83,693
8,249
57,430
268,260
86,854
109,047
1,210
6,933
3,260
83,693
8,249
2,021
741
2,939
1997
346,834
18,246
43,722
48,273
86,474
150,120
503,461
1,113
6,895
3,092
84,949
9,192
59,702
253,513
85,005
110,108
1,113
6,895
3,092
84,949
9,192
2,040
695
2,132
1998
352,764
17,082
43,822
48,776
87,570
155,514
509,704
1,021
7,074
2,974
82,671
8,225
62,305
257,662
87,771
106,781
1,021
7,074
2,974
82,671
8,225
2,008
643
2,165
1999
359,884
16,830
44,883
50,357
87,140
160,674
515,624
1,023
7,122
3,024
83,163
8,104
64,918
256,457
91,814
106,958
1,023
7,122
3,024
83,163
8,104
2,159
644
1,720
2000
353,446
16,783
45,072
50,626
86,638
154,327
512,414
978
7,027
2,988
83,532
8,013
67,283
248,183
94,409
106,912
978
7,027
2,988
83,532
8,013
2,219
660
1,494
2001
351,320
16,068
45,269
50,098
86,341
153,545
504,061
918
7,473
3,032
81,896
8,086
64,384
244,475
93,797
104,981
918
7,473
3,032
81,896
8,086
2,249
628
699
2002
353,430
15,379
45,874
50,444
86,185
155,548
508,698
871
7,815
3,072
59,958
8,950
71,781
250,956
105,295
84,559
871
7,815
3,072
59,958
8,950
2,498
711
683
2003
354,630
14,521
46,679
50,053
86,949
156,428
519,863
827
8,075
3,048
74,497
8,871
69,288
243,516
111,742
99,259
827
8,075
3,048
74,497
8,871
2,533
725
684
2004
355,004
13,961
45,937
52,964
86,475
155,667
523,451
792
7,946
2,896
76,366
7,488
70,914
244,310
112,739
99,704
792
7,946
2,896
76,366
7,488
2,855
794
567
2005
352,607
12,823
44,777
53,074
85,756
156,177
520,326
754
7,994
2,824
79,298
8,398
76,040
236,524
108,493
103,793
754
7,994
2,824
79,298
8,398
3,061
779
685
2006
345,917
11,945
42,386
51,188
83,995
156,402
517,851
724
8,171
2,720
72,710
7,313
81,865
229,783
114,565
96,641
724
8,171
2,720
72,710
7,313
3,448
833
722
2007
309,778
9,883
39,525
49,317
78,464
132,590
465,288
648
7,319
2,612
71,574
7,089
79,120
198,267
98,659
94,020
648
7,319
2,612
71,574
7,089
3,326
798
654
2009
334,870
10,791
41,265
50,772
80,535
151,507
508,175
683
8,163
2,532
65,605
7,017
84,779
222,403
116,994
88,964
683
8,163
2,532
65,605
7,017
3,482
855
627
2008
836
1990
13,574
64,052
Gas
Electricity
1,132
304,760
Others
Total
195,797
Nuclear
87,705
Total
32,368
109,226
Gas
Total
91,913
199,240
27,796
318,949
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
34,544
51,964
Oil
327,752
29,881
204,098
93,773
111,426
50,535
24,894
Coal
26,347
91,484
40,705
Own Use
41,162
47,000
50,322
880,520
15,669
1,770
209,451
105,431
548,198
315,592
1,137
2,898
317
66,618
14,753
189,801
40,068
1991
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
843,898
Total
14,840
Wind
Others
Solar
1,621
95,629
Hydro
Geothermal
536,009
Thermal
2,909
Biomass
261
183,241
Oil
Heat
39,591
Coal
330,470
30,605
207,805
92,060
114,445
34,877
51,382
28,187
94,099
43,294
50,805
891,482
15,693
1,806
218,076
90,365
565,541
318,103
1,089
2,759
347
67,492
15,522
193,063
37,830
1992
324,877
30,870
200,937
93,070
106,569
34,401
43,072
29,096
94,216
43,768
50,448
901,404
15,704
1,743
248,656
107,178
528,122
318,991
1,058
2,614
372
67,919
16,496
192,911
37,620
1993
341,237
32,652
213,327
95,257
120,305
36,467
51,922
31,916
99,369
47,332
52,037
954,529
16,226
1,890
259,567
78,386
598,459
328,995
1,036
2,423
438
72,145
17,034
198,416
37,504
1994
17,948
3,574
297,606
89,093
599,239
346,744
968
2,509
612
76,374
18,944
209,194
38,142
1996
345,795
33,544
213,500
98,751
116,247
37,037
44,829
34,382
103,197
48,177
55,020
352,361
35,366
215,381
101,614
119,348
38,823
43,676
36,848
102,655
50,678
51,977
978,729 1,007,461
17,368
2,917
287,879
90,044
580,520
339,350
1,010
2,507
540
73,825
17,844
205,615
38,009
1995
353,062
36,736
211,694
104,631
117,118
40,184
38,708
38,225
104,577
51,364
53,213
1,033,543
19,275
3,790
321,738
95,923
592,817
350,614
956
2,579
661
78,297
19,355
209,693
39,073
1997
346,925
37,826
205,858
103,241
114,813
41,180
34,228
39,405
106,844
51,556
55,288
1,045,813
19,432
3,596
327,296
106,881
588,605
346,834
872
2,339
688
79,221
19,750
206,788
37,176
1998
355,982
40,011
209,648
106,323
119,313
43,876
33,950
41,487
104,185
48,522
55,664
1,054,959
20,127
26
3,458
317,687
95,635
618,027
352,764
791
2,338
717
80,196
20,483
211,144
37,094
1999
367,484
41,805
208,511
117,168
124,046
45,475
31,998
46,573
109,118
53,054
56,064
1,088,082
20,817
79
3,392
319,756
94,228
649,809
359,884
793
2,529
741
82,913
21,610
211,551
39,747
2000
360,660
42,889
201,646
116,124
125,590
47,499
27,573
50,519
113,511
53,334
60,177
1,086,208
22,513
197
3,374
321,104
93,094
645,926
353,446
753
2,265
748
82,879
20,908
208,184
37,709
2001
359,863
42,812
198,097
118,955
125,703
46,124
26,262
53,316
111,409
51,856
59,553
1,087,670
23,547
393
3,410
314,934
94,020
651,366
351,320
691
2,288
758
83,172
21,195
205,683
37,534
2002
375,951
46,232
204,836
124,882
140,811
49,658
32,185
58,967
114,073
53,615
60,458
1,089,378
26,910
628
3,466
230,423
103,780
724,171
353,430
637
2,167
760
83,712
22,436
206,220
37,497
2003
373,242
45,567
199,880
127,795
137,333
46,903
28,058
62,372
119,810
56,750
63,060
1,127,895
30,733
1,122
3,428
285,866
103,091
703,654
354,630
600
2,038
788
86,919
23,170
203,991
37,124
2004
377,293
47,039
201,383
128,872
142,761
47,512
30,199
65,049
125,805
57,887
67,918
1,153,059
30,507
1,578
3,225
293,038
87,064
737,644
355,004
574
2,317
797
86,767
24,803
203,598
36,148
2005
370,741
49,079
193,823
127,839
139,277
47,490
28,556
63,232
119,348
58,027
61,321
1,163,626
30,121
2,096
3,140
304,291
97,650
726,324
352,607
547
2,523
778
87,818
27,342
197,037
36,562
2006
372,656
54,017
187,622
131,017
149,067
53,349
30,719
64,999
125,128
58,939
66,189
1,180,100
30,737
2,521
3,025
279,009
85,033
779,768
345,917
519
2,633
784
88,606
28,227
187,862
37,286
2007
27,555
3,427
15
2,901
274,651
82,432
702,802
309,778
455
2,131
732
82,297
27,389
165,711
31,063
2009
327,169
52,542
160,124
114,504
130,729
51,600
20,351
58,778
366,975
55,437
180,025
131,514
153,754
54,098
33,441
66,215
119,860
56,782
59,481
125,824
63,078
66,343
1,179,733 1,093,783
30,669
2,748
10
2,814
251,744
81,595
810,152
334,870
494
2,626
754
89,006
29,384
175,801
36,806
2008
Japan
837
64.6
125,439
64.7
125,761
1996
24,754
22.9
457
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
2.47
105
73
82.7
99.8
6,030
77
2.58
0.73
2000 $ million)
2000 $ million)
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.73
2.64
76
6,252
99.7
82.1
74
104
2.55
3.61
473
23.4
28,121
34,605
0.72
2.66
76
6,318
99.7
82.5
74
106
2.56
3.68
486
22.8
30,557
34,801
0.71
2.61
75
6,343
99.7
80.6
74
106
2.56
3.70
497
22.0
34,930
34,775
0.71
2.73
78
6,714
99.7
81.4
75
110
2.63
3.84
509
21 .5
38,244
34,956
0.70
2.76
78
6,845
99.7
80.1
76
111
2.71
3.94
521
22.0
41,968
35,478
0.69
2.80
77
7,063
99.7
79.9
76
111
2.76
4.04
534
22.2
36,916
36,321
0.68
2.80
76
7,222
99.7
78.9
76
111
2.78
4.09
543
22.5
33,800
36,792
3,608,076
4,261,842
4,639,122
64.8
126,091
1997
0.69
2.74
76
7,288
99.7
78.1
76
111
2.74
3.98
548
21.7
30,512
35,947
3,534,151
3,857,028
4,544,072
65.0
126,410
1998
0.70
2.81
78
7,364
99.8
79.1
78
112
2.79
4.02
553
21.7
34,495
35,828
3,529,168
4,368,735
4,537,665
65.1
126,650
1999
0.71
2.90
79
7,600
99.7
79.3
77
110
2.84
4.06
559
22.2
36,789
36,789
3,630,107
4,667,448
4,667,448
65.2
126,870
2000
0.70
2.84
77
7,581
99.7
79.1
76
110
2.78
4.03
563
20.9
32,210
36,776
3,636,800
4,095,484
4,676,055
65.4
127,149
2001
0.71
2.82
77
7,590
99.7
79.2
75
108
2.76
3.96
581
20.5
30,745
36,787
3,646,338
3,918,335
4,688,318
65.5
127,445
2002
0.74
2.94
79
7,623
99.7
83.4
74
107
2.77
3.98
581
21.3
33,113
37,227
3,697,880
4,229,097
4,754,589
65.7
127,718
2003
0.72
2.92
76
7,912
99.7
80.9
73
106
2.78
4.07
584
22.0
36,051
38,236
3,799,360
4,605,921
4,885,068
65.8
127,761
2004
0.72
2.95
76
7,898
99.7
81.0
71
105
2.78
4.10
592
22.7
35,627
38,972
3,872,843
4,552,200
4,979,549
66.0
127,773
2005
0.71
2.90
73
7,994
99.7
80.1
69
102
2.76
4.07
594
23.0
34,148
39,772
3,951,829
4,362,590
5,081,106
66.2
127,756
2006
0.72
2.92
72
8,065
99.6
81.3
67
100
2.71
4.05
593
23.3
34,264
40,707
4,045,204
4,377,944
5,201,164
66.3
127,771
2007
66.6
127,558
2009
0.72
2.87
71
8,106
99.6
82.5
65
99
2.62
3.98
591
23.5
38,212
40,254
0.70
2.56
68
7,503
99.6
79.8
64
97
2.43
3.65
579
20.1
39,456
37,766
3,998,066 3,746,684
4,879,861 5,032,983
5,140,555 4,817,339
66.5
127,704
2008
GDP = gross domestic product, CO2 = carbon dioxide, GWh = gigawatthour, kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent, ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent, kWh = kilowatthour, PPP = purchasing power parity, t C = ton of carbon equivalent, TFEC = total final energy consumption, toe = ton of oil equivalent, TPES = total primary
energy supply.
3.52
33,595
2000 $)
3,227,860 3,335,165 3,362,481 3,368,233 3,397,321 3,461,247 3,552,530
64.3
124,961
1995
3,058,038 3,484,770 3,796,114 4,350,012 4,778,992 5,264,380 4,642,544
64.0
124,536
1994
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
63.7
124,229
1993
63.4
123,921
1992
4,150,256 4,288,224 4,323,346 4,330,742 4,368,141 4,450,335 4,567,703
63.1
1991

million)
123,537
Urban Population, %
1990
838
8.3 New Zealand

263,310
571.0
4,316
1.6
63.8
162.0
100.0

Sources ADB (2012), UNDP (2009), World Bank, and WEC (2010).
Oil: 4,814
Biomass: 1,095
Others: 370
Coal: 361
Geothermal: 4,136
Hydro: 2,083
Gas: 3,548
Oil: 2,702
Coal: 2,661
Imports: 5,175

Transformation
Losses: 5,099
Stock Changes: 215
Oil: 2,224
Oil: 111
Imports: 2,224
(Discrepancy: 196)
Others: 111
(Discrepancy: 220)
Exports: 3,818

9,113
Transfers: 76
9,109
3,395
Biomass: 944
Electricity: 3,256
Oil: 5,818
Others: 243
Others: 1,505
Commercial: 1,137
Residential: 1,489
Transport: 4,575
Industry: 3,798
Coal: 539
Gas: 1,704
Exports: 210
839
840
Table 8.3.1

1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
3,448
3,673
3,858
4,134
4,316
38.7
45.2
51.6
62.7
63.8
Socioeconomic Data
64.6
75.3
86.1
104.6
106.4
11,229
12,292
13,375
15,172
14,778
18,728
20,502
22,309
25,305
24,649
1995
2000
2005
2009
12,662
13,481
14,895
13,543
16,593
1,351
2,212
2,720
4,004
2,110
Total PES
14,014
15,693
17,615
17,547
18,704
Coal
1,190
1,107
1,058
2,207
1,468
Oil
4,277
5,442
5,680
6,045
6,093
Gas
3,872
3,827
5,057
3,229
3,460

Source: World Bank.
Table 8.3.2

1990

Net Imports
Biomass
729
961
1,039
1,114
1,095
3,947
4,356
4,782
4,953
6,588
TPES/capita (toe)
4.06
4.27
4.57
4.24
4.33
217
208
205
168
176
Industry
3,528
3,881
3,975
3,807
3,798
Transportation
2,961
3,647
4,066
4,543
4,575
Other Sectors
3,203
3,885
4,765
3,926
4,131
Total FEC
9,693
11,413
12,806
12,275
12,504
674
606
490
519
539
Oil
4,026
4,833
5,306
5,963
5,818
Gas
1,803
2,332
2,984
1,304
1,704
Electricity
2,425
2,646
2,945
3,270
3,256
Biomass
595
817
887
989
944
Others
169
179
194
230
243
Others
Coal
New Zealand
Figure 8.3.1
1990
Commercial
9.0%
2009
Others
12.0%
Others
11.5%
Industry
36.4%
Residential
12.5%
Commercial
9.1%
Industry
30.4%
Residential
11.9%
Transport
30.5%
Transport
36.6%
9,693 ktoe
12,504 ktoe

Figure 8.3.2

1990
Biomass
6.1%
2009
Others
1.9%
Others
1.7%
Coal
7.0%
Electricity
25.0%
Biomass
7.6%
Oil
41.5%
Coal
4.3%
Electricity
26.0%
Oil
46.5%
Gas
18.6%
Gas
13.6%
9,693 ktoe

12,504 ktoe
841

20,000
Others 370
18,000
Biomass 1,095
16,000
Geothermal 4,136
ktoe
842
14,000
Others 169
Biomass 729
12,000
Geothermal 1,784
10,000
Hydro 1,994
Hydro 2,083
Gas 3,460
8,000
Gas 3,872
6,000
Oil 6,093
4,000
Oil 4,277
2,000
0
Coal 1,190
Coal 1,468
1990
2009

Figure 8.3.4

1990
2009
Others
Biomass 2.2%
6.6%
Biomass Others
1.3%
5.8%
Coal
16.0%
Coal
11.2%
Geothermal
14.1%
Oil
21.3%
Geothermal
24.9%
Oil
16.3%
Hydro
15.7%
Gas
30.6%
12,662 ktoe
Hydro
12.6%
Gas
21.4%
16,593 ktoe
New Zealand
Figure 8.3.5

1990
Geothermal
6.7%
2009
Others
3.9%
Others
0.3%
Geothermal
11.3%
Thermal
20.1%
Hydro
72.9%
Thermal
28.5%
Hydro
56.3%
31,789 GWh
43,036 GWh
Figure 8.3.6

1990
2009
Others
5.1%
Others
6.3%
Commercial
18.7%
Industry
39.7%
Residential
36.1%
Commercial
24.4%
Industry
35.2%
Residential
33.9%
Transport
0.4%
28,199 GWh
37,861 GWh
Transport
0.3%
843
Figure 8.3.7
1990
2009
Gas
21.6%
Coal
20.4%
Gas
28.5%
Oil
51.1%
Coal
24.2%
Oil
54.3%
6,335 kt C
8,804 kt C

Figure 8.3.8
19902009
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
ktoe
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
844
Industry
Transport

Residential
Commercial
Others
New Zealand
Figure 8.3.9
19902009
845

19902009
20,000
14,000
18,000
12,000
16,000
14,000
10,000
ktoe
ktoe
12,000
8,000
6,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coal
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Biomass
Coal
Others
Oil
Gas
Hydro


Figure 8.3.11
19902009
Figure 8.3.12
19902009
18,000
Biomass
Others
45,000
16,000
40,000
14,000
35,000
30,000
10,000
25,000
ktoe
GWh
12,000
8,000
4,000
10,000
2,000
5,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
15,000
Oil
Gas
Hydro

Geothermal
Biomass
Others
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
20,000
6,000
Coal
Geothermal
Thermal
Hydro
Geothermal
Others
846
Figure 8.3.13
19902009

3,500
10,000
3,000
8,000
2,500
6,000
kt C
ktoe
2,000
1,500
4,000
1,000
2,000
Coal
Oil
Gas
Coal



Figure 8.3.16
19902009
140
100
80
60
40
GDP
TFEC
TPES
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
20
CO2 Emissions
Gas
450
200
400
180
160
350
140
300
120
250
100
200
80
150
60
100
40
50
20
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
120
Oil
Energy Intensity
Carbon Intensity

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
500
643
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
5,538
45
16
87
103
148
373
523
38
3.
4.
40
40
54
270
177
94
23
143
5,259
5,259
147
5,263
102
680
4,780
1,061
317
491
72
115
187
678
4,586
436
6,017
27
360
5,296
5,291
150
964
1,038
95
2,093
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
53
56
2,480
12
2,548
17
1,579
1,579
18
970
29
942
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
438
13
77
91
528
1,660
347
2,535
1,852
1,847
694
28
44
766
23
32
388
388
361
11
262
89
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
387
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
1,171
1,558
2,044
69
1,934
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
3,404
Coal
1.
New Zealand Energy Balance Table, 2006
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.3.3
59
33
92
92
33
67
193
154
36
44
LPG
4.5
4.6
317
390
707
46
360
1,476
1,476
13
376
16
732
341
Other
Petroleum
Products
9,851
315
40
141
113
253
293
631
1,239
46
276
1,750
1,750
3,311
3,311
Gas
5.
23,571
2,027
2,027
2,027
2,027
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
3,368
2,849
2,849
2,849
2,849
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
622
53
53
53
53
Wind
10.
232
147
152
152
808
961
138
138
1,099
1,099
Biomass
11.
13
13
62
76
89
141
230
230
230
Others
12.
231
1,089
755
1,845
2,076
1,266
3,350
25
425
3,750
3,750
Electricity
13.
44
44
44
Heat
14.
43,205
631
820
1,478
1,137
2,615
3,435
4,597
3,695
12,359
89
1,116
117
37
4,376
4,457
17,840
38
1,038
2,710
7,515
14,034
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
New Zealand
847
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3,162
33
12
89
102
400
536
31
392
3.
4.
39
39
57
266
171
96
35
4,877
4,876
107
5,018
101
1,664
4,698
2,086
285
485
76
122
198
683
4,628
461
6,057
15
348
5,079
13
5,066
114
1,241
43
1,080
123
2,486
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
51
60
2,524
11
2,594
25
1,516
1,516
1,054
32
15
1,100
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
433
14
77
92
525
1,723
368
2,616
18
1,762
13
1,749
848
11
40
898
28
12
42
19
407
407
385
272
108
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
135
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
600
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
992
1,559
215
1,445
388
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
2,832
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.3.4
62
35
97
97
35
67
199
11
114
97
96
LPG
4.5
4.6
285
317
602
68
348
1,391
1,391
371
768
391
Other
Petroleum
Products
11,842
323
39
121
108
229
268
660
1,252
55
233
2,105
2,105
3,644
3,645
Gas
5.
23,638
2,033
2,033
2,033
2,033
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
3,555
3,013
3,013
3,013
3,013
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
929
80
80
80
80
Wind
10.
216
146
152
152
855
1,007
141
142
1,149
1,149
Biomass
11.
13
14
62
77
90
145
235
235
235
Others
12.
221
1,071
780
1,851
2,072
1,263
3,344
16
434
3,763
3,763
Electricity
13.
32
32
32
Heat
14.
43,343
608
791
1,440
1,168
2,609
3,399
4,639
3,824
12,470
152
1,073
126
202
13
4,347
4,284
17,972
360
1,080
3,232
7,572
15,072
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
848
319
Heat Output (TJ)
17.
4,832
40
103
111
150
425
577
128
3.
4.
37
37
54
254
163
91
132
76
5,309
5,306
79
5,310
55
2,631
4,970
2,915
323
452
64
113
178
629
4,657
475
6,084
59
362
5,382
32
5,351
80
956
1,123
210
2,284
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
46
50
2,492
2,550
71
1,604
1,604
22
897
30
928
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
406
68
74
480
1,746
374
2,601
44
1,810
32
1,779
779
15
46
840
34
32
66
518
518
454
21
303
180
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
15.
16.
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
Commerce and
Public Services
14.1.1
14.1.2
Residential and
Commercial
14.1
14.2
Transport Sector
Other Sectors
13.
Industry Sector
12.
14.
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
Loss and Own Use
Discrepancy
9.
10.
Other
Transformation
8.5.
368
Refineries
Coal
Transformation
8.3
985
1,353
1,801
427
1,781
8.4
Power Generation
Gas Processing
Total
Transformation
Sector
8.
8.1
Transfers
7.
8.2
Stock Changes
Total Primary
Energy Supply
5.
International
Bunkers
4.
6.
Imports
Exports
2.
2,837
Coal
1.
3.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.3.5
58
40
98
98
39
59
196
84
112
115
LPG
4.5
4.6
323
345
669
51
362
1,449
1,449
11
378
774
393
Other
Petroleum
Products
10,652
383
35
117
94
211
246
671
1,301
77
252
1,809
1,809
3,439
3,439
Gas
5.
22,346
1,922
1,922
1,922
1,922
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
4,204
3,571
3,571
3,571
3,571
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
1,057
91
91
91
91
Wind
10.
212
145
151
151
875
1,026
141
144
1,170
1,169
Biomass
11.
17
14
60
74
92
146
237
237
237
Others
12.
204
1,090
789
1,880
2,083
1,198
3,290
37
444
3,771
3,771
Electricity
13.
34
34
34
Heat
14.
43,435
707
748
1,438
1,166
2,604
3,352
4,667
3,827
12,553
115
1,112
114
74
4,908
4,948
18,498
487
1,123
4,623
7,575
16,181
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
New Zealand
849
Industry Sector
Transport Sector
12.
13.
Non-Energy Use
Electricity Output
(GWh)
Heat Output (TJ)
15.
16.
17.
3,295
17
19
49
68
418
504
47
373
3.
4.
35
35
50
242
157
85
119
5,169
5,167
76
5,124
54
2,338
4,814
2,702
294
407
63
97
160
567
4,565
392
5,818
130
354
5,255
5,253
79
969
32
1,077
210
2,224
Coal
Crude Oil Petroleum
2.
4.2
39
44
2,453
2,502
79
1,511
1,511
1,072
1,082
Gasoline Kerosene
4.1
367
55
62
429
1,733
310
2,473
1,754
1,752
716
32
38
722
32
11
43
568
568
518
10
303
205
Fuel Oil
4.4
4.3
Gas/
Diesel
Oil
Residential
Non-Specified
Others
14.1.2
14.2
Commerce and
Public Services
Total Final Energy

Consumption
11.
14.1.1
85
Discrepancy
10.
Other Sectors
Loss and Own Use
9.
Residential and
Commercial
Other
Transformation
8.5.
14.
Coal
Transformation
8.4
14.1
Refineries
8.3
634
Power Generation
Gas Processing
8.1
1,007
1,468
73
1,481
361
8.2
Transfers
Total
Transformation
Sector
Total Primary
Energy Supply
6.
7.
Stock Changes
5.
8.
Exports
International
Bunkers
3.
Imports
2.
2,661
Coal
1.
4.
Indigenous
Production
1.
Table 8.3.6
56
38
93
93
34
63
190
81
109
107
LPG
4.5
4.6
294
314
608
47
354
1,422
1,422
413
11
737
312
Other
Petroleum
Products
8,972
526
39
146
131
277
316
860
1,704
31
245
1,542
1,542
3,460
88
3,548
Gas
5.
24,220
2,083
2,083
2,083
2,083
Hydro
6.
Nuclear
7.
4,863
4,136
4,136
4,136
4,136
Geothermal
8.
Solar
9.
1,471
126
126
126
126
Wind
10.
206
143
149
149
795
944
148
150
1,095
1,095
Biomass
11.
17
15
60
75
92
151
243
243
243
Others
12.
204
1,103
794
1,897
2,101
1,146
3,256
54
428
3,739
3,739
Electricity
13.
36
36
36
Heat
14.
43,036
821
685
1,489
1,137
2,626
3,310
4,575
3,798
12,504
24
1,080
131
86
5,054
5,099
18,704
183
1,077
4,028
7,399
16,593
Total
15.
Unit: ktoe
850
3,872
1,994
Gas
Hydro
169
12,662
Total
3,872
1,994
Gas
Hydro
169
14,014
Others
Total
9,693
876
Commercial
Total
1,209
Residential
1,119
2,961
Others
3,528
Industry
Transport
729
Wind
Biomass
1,784
Solar
Geothermal
4,277
Oil
Nuclear
1,190
Coal
729
Others
Wind
Biomass
1,784
Solar
Geothermal
2,692
Oil
Nuclear
1,423
Coal
1990
167
9,916
1,177
879
1,212
2,960
3,688
10,103
1,177
915
1,183
3,086
3,743
14,751
168
14,287
850
1,893
1,814
4,467
4,613
946
13,597
167
850
1,893
1,814
4,467
2,705
1,700
1992
827
1,918
1,969
4,209
4,131
1,065
13,212
168
827
1,918
1,969
4,209
2,628
1,493
1991
10,400
1,236
856
1,220
3,210
3,878
15,536
173
887
1,999
2,020
4,345
4,749
1,363
14,163
173
887
1,999
2,020
4,344
2,822
1,919
1993
10,932
1,417
947
1,226
3,427
3,916
15,585
179
897
1,866
2,222
4,052
5,153
1,215
13,619
179
897
1,866
2,222
4,052
2,641
1,762
1994
New Zealand Summary Table, 19902009
Table 8.3.7
11,413
1,695
949
1,241
3,647
3,881
15,693
179
961
1,809
2,368
3,827
5,442
1,107
13,481
179
961
1,809
2,368
3,827
2,176
2,160
1995
11,814
1,938
905
1,283
3,688
4,000
16,188
179
981
1,808
2,252
4,371
5,696
902
14,440
179
981
1,808
2,252
4,372
2,642
2,206
1996
11,962
2,009
911
1,291
3,762
3,989
16,659
180
949
1,893
2,000
4,681
5,752
1,203
15,004
180
949
1,893
2,000
4,680
3,226
2,075
1997
11,883
1,907
914
1,311
3,818
3,933
16,490
186
978
2,125
2,177
4,158
5,746
1,118
14,009
186
978
2,125
2,177
4,159
2,580
1,803
1998
12,287
2,143
988
1,304
3,911
3,942
17,185
190
931
2,355
1,971
4,810
5,680
1,246
14,482
190
931
2,355
1,971
4,810
2,142
2,080
1999
12,806
2,279
1,133
1,353
4,066
3,975
17,615
194
1,039
10
2,477
2,101
5,057
5,680
1,058
14,895
194
1,039
10
2,477
2,101
5,056
1,944
2,074
2000
12,813
2,086
1,151
1,381
4,088
4,108
17,719
195
1,089
12
2,394
1,864
5,320
5,585
1,259
15,079
195
1,089
12
2,394
1,864
5,320
1,849
2,355
2001
13,406
2,228
1,158
1,376
4,246
4,399
17,932
216
1,174
13
2,375
2,143
5,058
5,758
1,194
15,380
216
1,174
13
2,375
2,143
5,058
1,693
2,707
2002
12,785
1,585
1,115
1,420
4,423
4,241
17,628
220
1,259
13
2,325
2,031
3,858
6,089
1,835
14,100
220
1,259
13
2,325
2,031
3,858
1,322
3,074
2003
12,947
1,709
1,238
1,445
4,528
4,027
17,746
227
1,190
31
2,355
2,316
3,466
6,292
1,870
13,862
227
1,190
31
2,355
2,316
3,467
1,169
3,108
2004
12,275
1,336
1,158
1,432
4,543
3,807
17,547
230
1,114
53
2,664
2,006
3,229
6,045
2,207
13,543
230
1,114
53
2,664
2,006
3,228
1,084
3,164
2005
12,359
1,451
1,137
1,478
4,597
3,695
17,840
230
1,099
53
2,849
2,027
3,311
6,227
2,044
14,034
230
1,099
53
2,849
2,027
3,311
1,061
3,404
2006
12,470
1,398
1,168
1,440
4,639
3,824
17,972
235
1,149
80
3,013
2,033
3,644
6,259
1,559
15,072
235
1,149
80
3,013
2,033
3,645
2,086
2,832
2007
12,504
1,505
1,137
1,489
4,575
3,798
18,704
243
1,095
126
4,136
2,083
3,460
6,093
1,468
16,593
243
1,095
126
4,136
2,083
3,548
2,702
2,661
2009
12,553
1,454
1,166
1,438
4,667
3,827
18,498
237
1,170
91
3,571
1,922
3,439
6,266
1,801
16,181
237
1,169
91
3,571
1,922
3,439
2,915
2,837
2008
New Zealand
851
1990
1,803
2,425
Gas
Electricity
169
9,693
Others
Total
Others
3,276
3,193
1,240
1,417
Gas
Total
1,292
3,235
1,808
6,335
Coal
Oil
Gas
Total
1,511
Oil
6,453
2,014
3,188
1,252
1,636
170
Coal
117
885
2,391
32,822
116
2,287
22,892
7,527
9,916
168
688
2,474
1,992
3,921
673
1991
804
2,389
Total
Own Use
Transmission and
Distribution Losses
31,789
94
Wind
Total
2,131
Solar
Geothermal
Hydro
Nuclear
6,381
23,183
Thermal
595
Biomass
4,026
Oil
Heat
674
Coal
6,954
2,131
3,450
1,372
1,969
1,627
59
283
3,353
961
2,392
32,420
120
2,259
21,091
8,949
10,103
167
709
2,441
1,988
4,203
593
1992
6,867
2,060
3,431
1,376
1,697
1,504
18
174
3,364
916
2,448
33,801
120
2,382
23,491
7,807
10,400
173
746
2,528
2,036
4,212
705
1993
6,885
1,902
3,697
1,286
1,394
1,224
164
3,357
825
2,532
34,370
120
2,227
25,834
6,188
10,932
179
755
2,595
2,142
4,598
663
1994
6,895
1,734
3,869
1,291
1,253
1,032
14
207
3,416
807
2,609
35,511
129
2,161
27,532
5,688
11,413
179
817
2,646
2,332
4,833
606
1995
7,190
2,014
3,905
1,271
1,634
1,411
219
3,524
911
2,613
36,055
139
2,161
26,180
7,567
11,814
179
851
2,728
2,613
4,860
583
1996
7,749
2,315
4,018
1,416
2,288
1,907
381
3,852
1,117
2,735
36,710
151
14
2,258
23,256
11,031
11,962
180
821
2,805
2,622
4,968
567
1997
7,666
2,024
4,063
1,580
1,838
1,478
359
3,832
1,032
2,800
37,097
137
22
2,529
25,317
9,092
11,883
186
823
2,827
2,545
4,948
554
1998
8,094
2,336
4,126
1,632
2,271
1,835
437
3,942
1,173
2,769
37,350
144
39
2,793
22,917
11,457
12,287
190
790
2,887
2,836
5,088
495
1999
8,228
2,343
4,322
1,563
2,226
1,842
384
4,223
1,178
3,045
38,736
143
120
2,922
24,433
11,118
12,806
194
887
2,945
2,984
5,306
490
2000
8,850
2,636
4,339
1,875
2,865
2,349
517
4,403
1,375
3,028
39,481
123
139
2,838
21,679
14,702
12,813
195
966
2,995
2,801
5,258
598
2001
8,806
2,468
4,526
1,812
2,475
1,971
505
4,256
1,243
3,013
40,369
182
155
2,814
24,916
12,302
13,406
216
1,077
3,061
2,975
5,502
576
2002
9,413
2,153
4,722
2,538
2,765
1,821
939
4,215
1,322
2,893
40,500
209
146
2,750
23,620
13,775
12,785
220
1,158
3,081
1,886
5,743
697
2003
9,216
1,765
4,838
2,614
2,478
1,309
1,162
4,233
1,239
2,994
42,181
232
361
2,789
26,926
11,873
12,947
227
1,070
3,223
1,942
5,932
554
2004
9,584
1,885
4,894
2,806
3,132
1,725
1,406
4,433
1,455
2,978
42,604
220
614
3,159
23,325
15,286
12,275
230
989
3,270
1,304
5,963
519
2005
9,629
1,890
4,929
2,810
3,103
1,750
1,348
4,491
1,481
3,010
43,205
232
622
3,368
23,571
15,412
12,359
230
961
3,350
1,239
6,017
562
2006
9,245
2,093
4,976
2,176
2,876
2,105
771
4,496
1,467
3,029
43,343
216
929
3,555
23,638
15,005
12,470
235
1,007
3,344
1,252
6,057
575
2007
8,804
1,899
4,778
2,127
2,335
1,542
791
9,510
1,908
5,006
2,596
2,989
1,809
32
1,148
4,511
1,376
1,533
4,663
3,135
43,036
206
1,471
4,863
24,220
12,276
12,504
243
944
3,256
1,704
5,818
539
2009
3,130
43,435
212
1,057
4,204
22,346
15,616
12,553
237
1,026
3,290
1,301
6,084
614
2008
852
10,934
11,229
12,907
16.8
520
2000 $)
GDP Manufacturing
(% of GDP)

persons)
169
1.85
8,180
164
1.84
0.45
person)

2000 $ million)
CO2/capita (t C)
CO2/TPES (t C/toe)
0.47
1.97
180
8,039
41.4
7.8
261
382
2.86
4.18
539
17 .0
11,537
10,942
64,454
40,744
38,643
84.9
3,532
1992
0.44
1.92
167
8,230
40.6
8.8
253
378
2.91
4.35
548
17 .0
12,829
11,507
68,562
45,828
41,106
85.1
3,572
1993
0.44
1.90
159
8,336
48.7
12.6
253
360
3.02
4.31
528
17 .2
14,989
11,955
72,187
54,263
43,280
85.2
3,620
1994
0.44
1.88
153
8,378
60.0
14.1
253
348
3.11
4.27
546
16.8
17,095
12,292
75,311
62,795
45,153
85.3
3,673
1995
0.44
1.93
154
8,500
53.6
10.8
253
346
3.17
4.34
558
16.5
18,454
12,534
78,022
68,871
46,778
85.4
3,732
1996
0.47
2.05
163
8,626
43.9
9.9
251
350
3.16
4.41
567
16 .1
17,170
12,589
79,401
64,925
47,605
85.5
3,781
1997
0.46
2.01
160
8,619
55.1
15.0
249
345
3.11
4.32
582
15.5
14,469
12,532
79,740
55,200
47,808
85.5
3,815
1998
0.47
2.11
161
8,756
62.3
15.7
244
342
3.20
4.48
602
15.5
15,045
13,111
83,866
57,698
50,282
85.6
3,835
1999
0.47
2.13
159
8,879
65.8
15.4
248
341
3.32
4.57
690
15.5
13,375
13,375
86,064
51,600
51,600
85.7
3,858
2000
0.50
2.28
166
8,976
66.9
14.9
240
331
3.30
4.57
704
15.0
13,625
13,774
89,152
52,873
53,451
85.8
3,881
2001
0.49
2.23
157
9,015
70.6
14.2
239
320
3.40
4.54
715
15.6
16,579
14,202
93,532
65,464
56,077
85.9
3,949
2002
0.53
2.34
161
8,897
78.3
20.0
218
301
3.17
4.38
731
15.3
21,538
14,530
97,596
86,738
58,514
86.0
4,027
2003
0.52
2.25
152
9,169
81.4
21.9
213
292
3.17
4.34
749
15.4
25,006
14,853
101,264
102,210
60,713
86.1
4,088
2004
0.55
2.32
153
9,199
82.1
22.8
196
280
2.97
4.24
657
15.0
26,846
15,172
104,608
110,978
62,718
86.2
4,134
2005
0.54
2.30
152
9,310
83.0
21.3
196
282
2.95
4.26
660
14.2
26,421
15,103
105,414
110,563
63,201
86.3
4,185
2006
0.51
2.19
142
9,198
66.7
16.1
192
276
2.95
4.25
667
14.2
32,712
15,393
108,555
138,317
65,084
86.4
4,228
2007
0.51
2.23
148
8,964
53.5
12.5
196
289
2.94
4.33
664
13.8
27,599
15,011
106,882
117,817
64,081
86.6
4,269
2008
0.47
2.04
138
8,774
55.7
11.3
196
293
2.90
4.33
712
13.3
29,352
14,778
106,379
126,679
63,780
86.7
4,316
2009
0.45
8,232
36.4
7.5
259
9.6
250
2000 $ million)
374
37.1
362
2000 $ million)
2.84
4.09
2.81
529
16.6
11,965
4.06
63,739
64,575
GDP (constant 2005

PPP $ million)
41,820
44,504
38,215
84.8
3,495
38,716
84.7
1991

million)
3,448
Urban Population, %
1990
New Zealand
853
Appendix 1
Definition of Columns and Rows of the

Energy Balance Table
Unit
For the purpose of presenting energy balances, a thermal value has been adopted: 107 kilocalories (41.863 gigajoules) is equivalent to 1 ton of oil equivalent (toe). This quantity of
energy is, within a few percent, equal to the net heat content of 1 ton of crude oil.
Conversion (from original units to toe)

The balances are expressed in terms of net heat value. The difference between the net heat
value and gross heat value for each fuel is the latent heat in condensation of the water vapor
produced during combustion of the fuel. For coal and oil, net heat value is 5% less than gross
heat value; for most forms of natural and manufactured gas, the difference is 9%10%; while
for electricity, there is no difference. The use of net heat value is consistent with the practice of
the Statistical Offices of the European Communities and the United Nations.
Layout
The energy balances are presented in tabular format: columns for the various sources of energy
and rows for the different origins and uses.
Columns
Across the top of the table from left to right, there are 22 columns with the following headings.
Column 1. Coal comprises solid fossil fuels consisting of carbonized vegetal matter.
1. Anthracite.This is a high-rank, hard coal with a gross calorific value (moist, ash-free
basis) greater than or equal to 24 megajoules per kilogram (MJ/kg) and a vitrinite
mean random reflectance greater than or equal to 2.0%.
2. Coking coal. This is a bituminous coal that can be used in the production of coke
capable of supporting a blast furnace charge.
3. Bituminous coal. This is a medium-rank hard coal with either a gross calorific value
(moist, ash-free basis) not less than 24 MJ/kg and with a vitrinite mean random
reflectance of less than 2.0%, or a gross calorific value (moist, ash-free basis) of less
than 24 MJ/kg provided that the vitrinite mean random reflectance is equal to or
greater than 0.6%.
854
855
4. Subbituminous coal. This is a brown coal with a gross calorific value (moist, ash-free
basis) equal to or greater than 20 MJ/kg and less than 24 MJ/kg.
5. Lignite. This is a brown coal with a gross calorific value (moist, ash-free basis) of not
greater than 20 MJ/kg.
6. Peat. This is a solid formed from the partial decomposition of dead vegetation under
conditions of high humidity and limited air access (initial stage of coalification).
Column 2. Coal products are products derived directly or indirectly from the various classes
of coal by carbonization or pyrolysis processes, by the aggregation of finely divided coal, or by
chemical reactions with oxidizing agents including water.
1. Patent fuel. This is a composition fuel made by molding hard coal fines into briquette
shapes with the addition of a binding agent.
2. Coal coke. This is the solid, cellular, infusible material remaining after the carbonization
of certain coals. Various cokes are defined according to the type of coal carbonized
and their conditions of carbonization or use. Coke oven coke is the solid product
obtained from carbonization of coking coal at high temperatures. It is low in moisture
and volatile matter and has the mechanical strength to support a blast furnace charge.
It is used mainly in the iron and steel industry, acting as a heat source and chemical
agent. Gas coke is a by-product from the carbonization of bituminous coal for the
manufacture of gas works gas. Gas coke is used for heating purposes. Coke breeze
comprises particles of coke of sizes less than 10 millimeters. It is the residue from
screening coke, which may be made from bituminous or brown coals. Semi-coke is
produced by low-temperature carbonization.
3. Brown coal briquettes and peat briquettes. Brown coal briquettes are
composition fuels made of brown coal produced by briquetting under high pressure
with or without the addition of a binding agent. Peat briquettes are fuels comprising
small blocks of dried, highly compressed peat made without a binding agent and
used mainly as household fuel.
4. Coal tar. This is the liquid by-product of the carbonization of coal in coke ovens.
5. Coke oven gas. This is a gas produced from coke ovens during the manufacture of
coke oven coke.
6. Blast furnace gas. This is the by-product gas of blast furnace operation, consisting
mainly of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. It is used to heat blast
air and as a fuel in the iron and steel industry. It may also be used by other nearby
industrial plants.
7. Basic oxygen steel furnace gas. This is the by-product gas of the production of
steel in a basic oxygen steel furnace. The gas is recovered as it leaves the furnace. The
concentration of carbon monoxide in this gas is higher than that in blast furnace gas.
Column 3. Crude oil and natural gas liquids comprise crude oil, refinery feedstocks, natural gas
liquids, additives and oxygenates, and other hydrocarbons.
1. Crude oil. This is a mineral oil of fossil origin extracted by conventional means
from underground reservoirs. It comprises liquid or near-liquid hydrocarbons and
associated impurities, such as sulfur and metals. It exists in the liquid phase under
normal surface temperature and pressure, and usually flows to the surface under the
856
Appendix 1
pressure of a reservoir. This is termed conventional extraction. Crude oil includes

condensate from condensate fields, and field or lease condensate extracted with the
crude oil.
2. Natural gas liquids. These are a mixture of ethane, propane, normal butane,
isobutane, isopentane, and a few higher alkanes collectively referred to as pentanes
plus. These liquids are removed from associated and nonassociated natural gases in
field facilities or gas separation plants before the sale of the gas.
3. Refinery feedstocks. These are oils or gases from crude oil refining or the processing
of hydrocarbons in the petrochemical industry, which are destined for further
processing in a refinery, excluding blending. Typical feedstocks include naphthas,
middle distillates, pyrolysis gasoline, and heavy oils from vacuum distillation and
petrochemical plants.
4. Additives and oxygenates. These are compounds added to or blended with
oil products to modify their properties (e.g., octane rating, cetane number, and
cold properties). Examples include (i) oxygenates such as alcohols (e.g., methanol
and ethanol) and ethers (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether,
and tertiary amyl methyl ether); (ii) esters (e.g., rapeseed or dimethylester); and
(iii) chemical compounds (e.g., tetramethyllead, tetraethyllead, and detergents).
Some additives and oxygenates may be derived from biomass, while others may be
of hydrocarbon origin.
5. Other hydrocarbons. These are nonconventional oil and hydrogen. Nonconventional oils refer to those obtained by nonconventional production techniques,
that is, oils that are extracted from reservoirs containing extra-heavy oils or oil sands
that need heating or treatment (e.g., emulsification) in situ before they can be
brought to the surface for refining or processing. They also include oils extracted
from oil sands; extra-heavy oils; and coal and oil shale that are at, or can be brought
to, the surface without treatment and require processing after mining (i.e., ex situ
processing). Nonconventional oils may also be produced from natural gas. Hydrogen,
although not a hydrocarbon, is included unless it is a component of another gas.
Columns 4 and 4.14.6. Petroleum products (column 4) comprises gasoline; kerosene,
including jet fuel; gas/diesel oil; residual fuel oil; and other petroleum products, such as white
spirits, lubricants, bitumen, paraffin waxes, and petroleum coke (columns 4.14.6).
4.1 Gasoline. Gasolines are complex mixtures of volatile hydrocarbons distilling
between approximately 25Celsius (C) and 220C and consisting of compounds in
the C4 to C12 range. Motor gasoline is a mixture of some aromatics (e.g., benzene
and toluene) and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C5 to C12 range. The distillations
range is 25C220C. Motor gasoline may also contain biogasoline products. Aviation
gasoline is gasoline prepared especially for aviation piston engines with additives
that assure performance under flight conditions. Aviation gasoline is predominantly
alkylates (obtained by combining C4 and C5 isoparaffins with C3, C4, and C5 olefins)
with the possible addition of more aromatic components including toluene.
The distillation range is 25C170C. Gasoline-type jet fuel includes all light
hydrocarbon oils for use in aviation turbine power units, distilling between 100C
and 250C. They are obtained by blending kerosene and gasoline or naphtha in such
a way that the aromatic content does not exceed 25% in volume and the vapor
pressure is 13.720.6 kilopascals.
857
4.2 Kerosene. This comprises jet fuel kerosene and other kerosene. This is a mixture
of hydrocarbons in the range C9 to C16, distilling over the temperature interval 145C
to 300C, but not usually above 250C, and with a flashpoint above 38C. Kerosene-type
jet fuel is a blend of kerosene suited to flight conditions with particular specifications,
such as freezing point. The specifications are set down by a small number of national
standards committees, most notably, the American Society for Testing and Materials
(United States), MOD (United Kingdom), and GOST (the Russian Federation). Other
kerosene, used for heating, cooking, lighting, solvents, and internal combustion
engines, is known as burning oil, vaporizing oil, power kerosene, and illuminating oil.
4.3 Gas/diesel oil (distillate fuel oil). Gas/diesel oils are middle distillates,
predominantly of carbon number range C11C25, with a distillation range of 160C
420C. This product comprises road diesel and heating or other gas oil.
4.4 Fuel oil. This comprises residual fuel oil and heavy fuel oil, which is usually a
blended product based on the residues from various refinery, distillation, and cracking
processes. Residual fuel oils have a distillation range of 350C650C and a kinematic
viscosity of 655 centistokes at 100C. Their flash point is always above 60C, and their
specific gravity is above 0.95.
4.5 Liquefied petroleum gases. These refer to liquefied propane (C3H8) and butane
(C4H10) or mixtures of both. Commercial grades are usually mixtures of these gases
with small amounts of propylene, butylene, isobutene, and isobutylene stored under
pressure in containers.
4.6 Other petroleum products. These comprise white spirits and special boiling
point spirits, lubricants, bitumen, paraffin waxes, petroleum coke, and other products.
This category also includes aromatics (e.g., benzene, toluene, and xylene) and olefins
(e.g., propylene) produced within refineries.
Column 5. Gas includes natural gas, liquefied natural gas, and gasworks gas, excluding natural
gas liquids.
1. Natural gas. This is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane, but
generally also including ethane, propane, higher hydrocarbons in much smaller
amounts, and some noncombustible gases (e.g., nitrogen and carbon dioxide).
Natural gas comprises gases occurring in underground deposits, whether liquefied
or gaseous, consisting mainly of methane. It includes associated gas, which is natural
gas produced in association with crude oil; nonassociated gas, which is natural gas
originating from fields producing hydrocarbons only in gaseous form; and colliery
gas, which is methane produced at coal mines, piped to the surface, and consumed
at collieries or transmitted by pipeline to consumers.
2. Liquefied natural gas. This is produced by liquefaction of natural gas by reducing
its temperature to simplify storage and transport when production sites are remote
from centers of consumption and pipeline transport is not economically feasible.
3. Gasworks gas. This is gas obtained from the carbonization or gasification of
carbonaceous material of fossil or biomass origins in gasworks plants. The gases
comprise gases obtained from carbonization or gasification of coals, cokes, biomass
or waste, and substitute natural gas (a methane-rich gas) made from synthesis gas.
Synthesis gas is a mixture of mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide obtained by
cracking hydrocarbons with high-temperature steam. The hydrocarbons may be
taken from fossil fuels, biofuels, or wastes.
858
Appendix 1
Column 6. Hydro shows electricity produced from devices driven by fresh, flowing, or falling
water.
Column 7. Nuclear energy is the heat obtained from the steam (or other working fluid) produced by the nuclear reactor with an average thermal efficiency of 33%.
Column 8. Geothermal shows the heat extracted from the earth that is used to generate electricity with an average thermal efficiency of 10%.
Column 9. Solar energy shows energy captured from solar radiation. This energy is subdivided
into three major technologies used to capture the solar radiation and to produce a useful
energy output. Solar energy comprises solar photovoltaics, nonconcentrating solar thermal,
and concentrating solar thermal. With solar photovoltaics, electricity is produced by the direct
conversion of solar radiation through photovoltaic processes in semiconductor devices (i.e.,
solar cells), including concentrating photovoltaic systems. Nonconcentrating solar thermal
systems convert solar radiation to low-temperature heat, while concentrating solar thermal
systems convert solar radiation to high-temperature heat.
Column 10. Wind energy shows electricity produced from devices driven by wind.
Column 11. Biomass includes wood, wood waste, black liquor, industrial and municipal waste,
charcoal, agricultural waste, and other biomass that are used as fuels.
Column 12. Power generation from other fuel sources (excluding columns 111) is included
here.
Column 13. Electricity shows final consumption and trade in electricity (which is counted at
the same heat value as electricity in final consumption, that is, 1 gigawatt-hour equals 0.000086
million toe).
Column 14. Heat includes heat production from public combined heat and power plants, and
from autoproducers that is sold to a third party (e.g., to a network).
Column 15. The total of columns 114 excluding columns 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, and 4.6.
Rows
The categories on the left-hand side of the table have the following definitions.
Row 1. Indigenous production shows the capture, extraction, or manufacture of fuels or
energy in forms that are ready for general use.
Rows 2 and 3. Imports comprise all fuel (excluding nuclear fuel) and energy entering the
national territory. Exports comprise all fuel (excluding nuclear fuel) and energy leaving the
national territory, with the exception of exports that exclude quantities of fuels delivered for
use by merchant (including passenger) ships and civil aircraft, of all nationalities, during international transport of goods and passengers.
Row 4. International bunkers comprise international marine bunkers and international aviation bunkers. International marine bunkers cover those quantities delivered to merchant
(including passenger) ships, of any nationality, for consumption during international voyages
transporting goods or passengers. International aviation bunkers comprise quantities of fuels
859
delivered to civil aircraft, of any nationality, for consumption during international flights transporting goods or passengers.
Row 5. Stock changes are defined as the increase (i.e., stock build) or decrease (i.e., stock draw)
in the quantity of stock over the reporting period.
Row 6. Total primary energy supply is made up of indigenous production (row 1) + imports
(row 2) exports (row 3) international bunkers (row 4) and stock changes (row 5).
Row 7. Transfers are essentially statistical devices to overcome practical classification and presentation issues resulting from changes in use or identity of a product. Transfers comprise
products transferred and interproduct transfers.
Row 8. Transformation is the movement of part or all of the energy content of a product
entering the process to one or more different products leaving the process. The transformation
sector consists of power generation, gas processing, refineries, coal transformation, and other
transformation.
Row 8.1 Power generation. This comprises main activity producers and autoproducers. Columns 111 show primary and secondary fuel input to public utilities
plants as negative entries. Gross electricity produced (including power stations own
consumption) appears as a positive quantity in column 13 (Electricity). Transformation losses appear in column 15 (Total) as a negative number. Columns 111 also
show primary and secondary fuel input to electricity generation of autoproducers
as negative entries. An autoproducer is an establishment that, in addition to its main
activities, generates electricity wholly or partially for its own use, such as industries,
railways, and refineries. Total gross electricity produced appears as a positive quantity
in column 13 (Electricity). Transformation losses appear in column 15 (Total) as a
negative number.
Row 8.2 Gas processing. Where there is a production of gas at gas processing
plants, the treatment is similar to that for electricity generation, with the quantity
produced appearing as a positive figure in column 5 (Gas), input as negative entries
in column 1 (coal), 2 (coal products), 4 (petroleum products), and 5 (natural gas input),
and conversion losses appearing in the Total column.
Row 8.3 Refineries. Petroleum refineries shows the transformation of crude oil,
natural gas liquids, condensates, and other refinery feedstocks into petroleum
products.
Row 8.4 Coal transformation. This row shows the transformation of coal from
primary into secondary fuels and from secondary into tertiary fuels (e.g., hard coal to
coke, coke to blast furnace gas, or brown coal to brown coal briquettes).
Row 8.5 Other transformation. This row contains the energy feedstocks and
outputs of petrochemical industry, biofuel processing, charcoal processing, and other
transformation processes that are not classified elsewhere.
Row 9. Loss includes losses during the transmission, distribution, and transport of fuels, heat,
and electricity. Losses also include venting and flaring of manufactured gases, losses of geothermal heat after production, and pilferage of fuels or electricity. Own use contains the primary and secondary energy consumed by transformation industries for heating, traction, and
lighting purposes. These are shown as negative figures. Included here are, for example, the
coal mines own use of energy, energy use in refineries, electricity plants own consumption
860
Appendix 1
(which includes gross electricity consumed for pumped storage), and energy used for oil and
gas extraction (which also includes consumption for the pipeline system).
Row 10. Discrepancy is a category, which includes the sum of the unexplained statistical differences for individual fuels.
Row 11. Total final consumption is all fuel and energy that is delivered to users for both their
energy and nonenergy uses not involving transformation processes. Final consumption comprises the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors. In final consumption, petrochemical feedstocks, as well as natural gas for producing fertilizer, are shown under the industry sector.
Row 12. Consumption of the industry sector (energy used for transport by industry is not
included but reported under transport).
Row 13. The transport sector includes consumption of fuels and electricity used to transport
goods or persons between points of departure and destinations within the national territory
irrespective of the economic sector within which the activity occurs.
Row 14. Other sectors cover agriculture, residential, commercial and public services, and nonspecified consumption.
Row 14.1 Residential and commercial. This row comprises the consumption of
the residential and commercial sectors, and that of public services.
Row 14.1.1 Commercial and public services. This row shows the consumption
of the commerce and public services.
Row 14.1.2 Residential. This row shows the consumption of the residential
sector. Fuels and electricity used by household for transport are excluded.
Row 14.2 Non-specified others. This row shows consumption for military use and
for activities not classified elsewhere.
Row 15. Non-energy use covers use of coal; gas; and petroleum products, such as white spirits,
paraffin waxes, lubricants, bitumen, and other products. Petroleum coke is shown under nonenergy use only when there is evidence of such use; otherwise, it is shown under energy use
in industry or other sectors. Feedstocks for the petrochemical industry are accounted for in
industry (row 12). This covers all oil, including naphtha, except the other petroleum products
listed above, and gas used as petrochemical feedstock. Gas used as raw material for chemical
products, such as methanol and ammonia/urea, is also included.
Row 16. Electricity output is located here by fuel type, as well as each primary electricity
source. The figures are measured in gross generation amounts.
Row 17. Heat output is also located here by fuel source. The figures are reported in gross
calorific values.
Appendix 2
Conversion Factors
Table A2.1
Conversion Factors for Units of Volume
To
US gallon
UK gallon
Barrel
From
Cubic foot
Liter
Cubic meter
Multiply by
US gallon
1.0
0.8327
0.02381
0.1337
3.785
0.0038
UK gallon
1.201
1.0
0.02589
0.1605
4.546
0.0045
42.0
34.97
1.0
5.615
159.0
0.159
Barrel
Cubic foot
Liter
Cubic meter
7.48
6.229
0.1781
1.0
28.3
0.0283
0.2642
0.22
0.0063
0.0353
1.0
0.001
264.2
220.0
6.289
35.3147
1000
1.0
Source: IEA (2004).
Table A2.2
Conversion Factors for Units of Energy
To
Terajoule
Gigacalorie
1.0
238.8
From
Terajoule
Million Btu
Gigawatt-hour
Multiply by
947.8
0.2778
-7
3.968
1.163 x 10-3
107
1.0
3.968 x 107
11,630
1.0551 x 10-3
0.252
2.52 x 10-8
1.0
2.931 x 10-4
3.6
860
8.6 x 10-5
3,412
1.0
Gigacalorie
-3
4.1868 x 10
1.0
Million tons of oil

equivalent
4.1868 x 104
Million Btu
Gigawatt-hour
Million tons of
oil equivalent
2.388 x 10-5
10
Btu = British thermal unit.

Source: IEA (2004).
861
Appendix 3
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Carbon Emission Factors
for Fossil Fuels
Fuel
Oil and Oil Products
Crude oil
Orimulsion
Natural gas liquids
Gasoline
Jet kerosene
Other kerosene
Shale oil
Gas/diesel oil
Fuel oil
Liquefied petroleum gas
Ethane
Naphtha
Bitumen
Lubricants
Petroleum coke
Refinery feedstocks
Refinery gas
Other oil products
Anthracite
Coking coal
Other bituminous coal
Sub-bituminous coal
Lignite
Oil shale
Peat
Coal briquettes and patent fuels
Coke oven coke or gas coke
Coke oven gas
Blast furnace gas
Gaseous Fossil Products
Natural gas (dry)
Source: IEA (2011a).
862
Carbon Emission Factors

(ton of carbon equivalent/terajoule)
20.0
22.0
17.2
18.9
19.5
19.6
20.0
20.2
21.1
17.2
16.8
20.0
22.0
20.0
27.5
20.0
18.2
20.0
26.8
25.8
25.8
26.2
27.6
29.1
28.9
25.8
29.5
13.0
66.0
15.3
References
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About Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation was established in 1989 to further enhance economic
growth and prosperity for the region and to strengthen the Asia-Pacific community. APEC has
21 members, referred to as member economies.
APEC operates as a cooperative, multilateral economic and trade forum. It is the only
international intergovernmental grouping in the world committed to reducing barriers to
trade and investment without requiring its members to enter into legally binding obligations.
APEC achieves its goals by promoting dialogue and arriving at decisions on a consensus basis,
giving equal weight to the views of all members.
About the Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre
The Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre (APERC) was established in July 1996 in Tokyo as an
affiliate of the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, pursuant to the Action Agenda adopted
by the APEC Economic Leaders at the Osaka Summit in November 1995. The Government of
Japan generously agreed to host and finance the center.
The primary objective of APERC is to foster understanding among APEC economies of
global, regional, and domestic energy demand and supply trends, energy infrastructure
development, energy regulatory reform, and related policy issues in view of regional
prosperity. APERC advocates rational energy policy formulation and enhances capacity
building in energy research in the region, following APECs Non-binding Energy Policy
Principles for furthering energy security, economic growth, and environmental quality.
About the Asian Development Bank
ADBs vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing
member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite
the regions many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the worlds poor: 1.7 billion
people who live on less than $2 a day, with 828 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day.
ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally
sustainable growth, and regional integration.
Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main
instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity
investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance.
Energy
Statistics
(19902009)
October 2013

www.adb.org
Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific (19902009) is a compilation of energy supply and
demand data of the member economies of the Asian Development Bank in Asia and the
Pacific. The data include the latest 4 years of energy balances of 47 of the 48 ADB members in
the region, and historical summary tables that present data on electric power generation, as
well as macroeconomic and basic energy indicators.
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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation was established in 1989 to further enhance economic

Asian Development Bank

Printed in the Philippines

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific (19902009)

About Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

2013 Asian Development Bank

2. Asia and the Pacific.

I. Asian Development Bank.

Overview of the Energy Demand and Supply Situation in Asia

Central and West Asia

average annual growth rate

Weights and Measures

British thermal unit

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific

1.1 Geographical Coverage

Central and West Asia. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan,

1.2 Energy Data

Energy Balance Tables

Tuvalu was not included due to unavailability of energy data.

Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre. APEC Energy Database. http://www.ieej.or.jp/egeda/database/database-top.

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific

Historical Summary Tables

indigenous production by type of energy;

Energy Balance Tables

Historical Summary Tables

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific

Definition of Energy Products

Classification of Energy Products

Any Fuels Derived from

Heat and Electricity

Source: IEA (2004).

Coal and Coal Products

Crude Oil and Petroleum Products

Hydro and Nuclear

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific

2.2 Analysis of Energy Supply and Demand in

ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent.

ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent.

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific

Indigenous Energy Production by Type, 19942009

ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent.

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific

ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent.

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific

Final Energy Consumption

ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent.

ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent.

Final Energy Consumption by Sector, 19942009

ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent.

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific

Final Energy Consumption by Type, 19942009

ktoe = thousand tons of oil equivalent.

ADB DMCs in Asia and the Pacific

Energy Statistics in Asia and the Pacific

Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fuel Combustion

Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 19942009

kt C = thousand tons of carbon equivalent.

Energy Balance Table

Heat Output (TJ)

Total Final Energy

Loss and Own Use

Asia and the Pacific Energy Balance Table, 2006