Pad

Psad

SEISMIC ACTION

Po (Pa)

Pqsd, PqsL

STATIC CONDITION

H2

H1

Wt2

LB

HSK

W3

Wt1

B3

LSK

B2

B4

E2
E4

L3

W2

E1

W1

B1

L1

W4

Wt3

qsD, qsL

RETAINING WALL DIMENSIONS AND LOADS

LF

LDSK

Pps

WF

HF

H=8 m. ................(Fill Section)

DIMENSIONS
Height H1

8.00 m.

Wall Thickness (Top) B1

0.30 m.

Wall Thickness (Total) B2

0.90 m.

Wall Thickness (Bottom) B3

0.60 m.

Wall Thickness (Bottom) B4

0.00 m.

Back Fill Slope

0.00

Fill height in fornt of wall HF

0.50 m.

Foundation Depth H2

0.80 m.

Length LB

3.50 m.

Length LF

2.70 m.

Shear Key Length LSK

0.00 m.

Shear Key Depth HSK

0.00 m.

Shera Key Distance LDSK

0.00 m.

Foundation Clear Cover

0.075 m.

Wall Clear Cover

0.05 m.

Slope of Wall (i)

4.305

Snr Deer

MATERIAL and SOIL INFORMATION :

C25

Concrete Class

Reinforcement Steel Class

Unit Weight of Concrete bet

25 kN/m

Unir Weight of Bakcfill s

20 kN/m

Backfill, Internal Friction Angle

30

Horizontal earthquake coefficient ivmesi kh

0.05

Foundation cohesion c

Foundation and Soil friction Angle d

26

=arctan(kh/1- kv)

0.050

Backfill and Wall's friction Angle

S420

fc'=

25

fy =

420 Mpa

0 kN/m
o
rad

Mpa

beta

LOADING :
Surcharge (dead)

0.00 kN/m

Surcharge (live)

12.20 kN/m

FS Overturning

1.50

FS Sileding

1.50

Allowable Bearing Pressure of Soil

140 kPa

Reduction Factor for Flexure flex

0.90

Reduction Factor for Shear shear

0.85

FORMULAS :

Ka =

sin( ) / sin( )

sin( + ) sin( )
[sin( + )] +

sin( )

Kp =

sin( + ) / sin( )

sin( + ) sin( + )
[sin( )]

sin( )

sin ( 94.31 - 30 ) / sin ( 94.31 )

Ka =

sin ( 94.31 - 0 )

sin ( 30 + 0 ) x sin ( 30 - 0 )
sin ( 94.31 - 0 )

= 0.363

sin ( 94.31 + 30 ) / sin ( 94.31 )

Kp =
sin ( 94.31 - 0 )

sin ( 30 + 0 ) x sin ( 30 + 0 )
sin ( 94.31 - 0 )

Kp = 3.0000

..... Rankine's Passive Pressure

..... Rankine's Active Pressure
Ka = 0.333
Note: =0 is taken for calculation of Passive Pressure in Front of Wall

E AE =

1
H 2 (1 kv ) K AE
2

= 1 +

K AE =

sin( + ) sin( )

cos( + i + ) cos( i )

cos2 ( i )
cos cos2 i cos( + i + )

KAE =
EAE=

E PE

1+

sin( 30 + 0 ) x sin( 30 - 2.862 - 0 )

cos(0 + 0 + 2.862) x cos( 0 - 4.305 )

= 2.184

cos( 30 - 2.862 - 4.305 )

2.184 x cos ( 2.862 ) x cos ( 4.305 ) x cos( 0 + 4.305 + 2.862)

= 0.364

0.5 x 20 x 8 x ( 1 -0 ) x 0.364 = 232.96

1
= H 2 (1 k v ) K PE
2

= 1

K PE =

sin( + ) sin( + )

cos( i + ) cos( i )

cos 2 ( + i )
cos cos 2 i cos( i + )

Note: =0 is taken for calculation of Passive Pressure in Front of Wall

2

KPE =

1-

sin( 30 + 0 ) x sin( 30 - 2.862 + 0 )

cos(0 + 0 + 2.862) x cos( 0 - 4.305 )

= 0.273

cos( 30 - 2.862 + 4.305 )

0.273 x cos ( 2.862 ) x cos ( 4.305 ) x cos( 0 - 4.305 + 2.862)

= 2.908

= 2.768

STABILITY CHECKS
VERTICAL LOADS
Load
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

LOAD NAME
Wall, Rectangular Area...W1
Wall, Inclined Area...W2
Foundation Weight...W3
Wall, Inclined Area...W4
Backfill Weight...Wt1
Backfill Weight...Wt2
Backfill Weight...Wt3
Surcharge Load (Live)...quL
Surcharge Load (Dead)...quD
Front Fill Weight...WF

LOAD (kN)

MOMENT
ARM (m)

MOMENT
(kN-m)

60.000
0.000
142.000
60.000
560.000
0.000
48.000
50.020
0.000
27.000

2.850
2.700
3.550
3.200
5.350
5.733
3.400
5.050
5.050
1.350

171.000
0.000
504.100
192.000
2996.000
0.000
163.200
252.601
0.000
36.450

LOAD (kN)

MOMENT
ARM (m)

MOMENT
(kN-m)

281.107
38.972
0.000

2.933
4.400
4.400

824.581
171.475
0.000
0.000
0.000

LOAD (kN)

MOMENT
ARM (m)

MOMENT
(kN-m)

281.107
0.000
0.774
0.000
3.000
0.000
3.000
7.100
28.000
2.400

2.933
4.400
5.867
4.400
4.800
3.467
3.467
0.400
4.800
6.133

824.581
0.000
4.543
0.000
14.400
0.000
10.400
2.840
134.400
14.720
0.000
0.000

LATERAL LOADS
Load
No

1
2
3

LOAD NAME

Active Earth Pressure...Pa

Surcharge Active Pressure (Live)...PasD
Surcharge Active Pressure (Dead)...PasL

SEISMIC LOADS
Load
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

LOAD NAME
Active Earth Pressure........... Pa
Surcharge Active Pressure (Dead)...Pas
Earth Additional Active Pressure...Pdas
Surcharge Seismic Pressure (Dead)...Pdas
Wall, Rectangular Area...W1
Wall, Inclined Area...W2
Wall, Inclined Area...W4
Foundation Weight...W3
Backfill Seismic Inertia...Wt1
Backfill Seismic Inertia...Wt3

OVERTURNING CHECK
DL+E ........... A.A.S.H.T.O

GROUP I .......... % 100

Total Overturning Moments:

Total Resisting Moments:
GS =

4062.750
= 4.93 > 1.5 .......OK
824.581

DL+LL+E ........... A.A.S.H.T.O

Total Overturning Moments:
Total Resisting Moments:
GS =

824.581 kN-m
4062.750 kN-m

GROUP II .......... % 100

996.057 kN-m
4315.351 kN-m

4315.351
= 4.33 > 1.5 .......OK
996.057

DL+E+EQ ........... A.A.S.H.T.O

GROUP VII .......... % 133

Total Overturning Moments:

1005.884 kN-m

Total Resisting Moments:

4062.750 kN-m

GS =

4062.750
= 4.04 > 1.13 ......OK
1005.884

SLIDING CHECK

0.5m

Force taken by Shear KEy = Hsk

28 kN/m
Pps

0m

72 kN/m
72 kN/m

Pps=
Pps=

64.771
64.770

kN
kN

DL+E ........... A.A.S.H.T.O

GROUP I .......... % 100

c' = 0.67 c =0 kN/m

tan = tan =

tan26 = 0.488

Fr = c' B + Fv x tan + Pps

V=

897.00 kN

Fr = 0 x 7.1 + 897 x 0.488 + 64.77 = 502.27

Fd =

320.079
Ns =

kN

kN-m
502.266
= 1.57 > 1.5 ......OK
320.079

DL+LL+E ........... A.A.S.H.T.O

GROUP II .......... % 100

c' = 0.67 c =0 kN/m

tan = tan =

tan26 = 0.488

Fr = c' B + Fv x tan + Pps

V=

947.02 kN

Fr = 0 x 7.1 + 947.02 x 0.488 + 64.77 = 526.66

Fd =

320.079
Ns =

kN-m
526.660
= 1.65 > 1.5 ......OK
320.079

kN

DL+E+EQ ........... A.A.S.H.T.O

GROUP VII .......... % 133

c' = 0.67 c =0 kN/m

tan = tan =

tan26 = 0.488
V=

Fr = c' B + Fv x tan + Pps

897.00 kN

Fr = 0 x 7.1 + 897 x 0.488+ 64.77 =502.27

Fd =

325.382

kN

kN-m

502.266
= 1.54 > 1.13 ......OK
325.382
SOIL PRESSURES
Ns =

DL+E1 ........... A.A.S.H.T.O

M =
N =

x=

3238.169
897.000
M
N

e=

GROUP I .......... % 100

kN-m
kN
3238.169
897.000

B/2-x =

3.61

3.55 - 3.61 =

e<

B
6

FV
6e
(1
)
B
B

e>

B
6

FV
4
)
(
3 B 2e

B
6

1 =

897.000
7.1

x (1+

6 x -0.06
7.1

2 =

897.000
7.1

x (1-

6 x -0.06
7.1

m.

-0.06

m.

1.18 > 0.06 m.

) = 119.93 kN/m < 140 ....OK

) = 132.74 kN/m < 140 ....OK

DL+LL+E ........... A.A.S.H.T.O

M =
N =

x=

3319.294
947.020
M
N

kN-m
kN
3319.294
947.020

e=

GROUP I .......... % 100

B/2-x =

3.505 m.

3.55 - 3.505 =

e<

B
6

FV
6e
(1 )
B
B

e>

B
6

F
4
( V )
3
B 2e

0.045

m.

B
6

1 =

947.020
7.1

x (1+

6 x 0.045
7.1

) = 138.46 kN/m < 140 ....OK

2 =

947.020
7.1

x (1-

6 x 0.045
7.1

) = 128.31 kN/m < 140 ....OK

1.18 > 0.06 m.

DL+E+EQ ........... A.A.S.H.T.O

M =
N =

x=

3056.866
897.000
M
N
e=

GROUP VII .......... % 133

kN-m
kN

3056.866
897.000

B/2-x =

m.

3.408

3.55 - 3.408 =

0.142

m.

B
6

1 =

897.000
7.1

x (1+

6 x 0.142
7.1

) = 141.5 t/m < 210 ....OK

2 =

897.000
7.1

x (1-

6 x 0.142
7.1

) = 111.18 t/m < 210 ....OK

1.18 > 0.142 m.

SECTION DESIGN
FOUNDATION
fc' =
fy =
d=
2
M =
N =

x=

25 MPa
420 MPa
0.725 m.
1.30 ( DL+1.67LL+1.15 E ) A.A.S.H.T.O
4064.157 kN-m
1274.693 kN
M
N
e=

4064.157
1274.693

B/2-x =

max= 234.5 kN/m

min= 124.6 kN/m
B= 7.100 m.

GROUP I

3.188 m.

3.55 - 3.188 =

0.362 m.
...Eccentricity is in front

0.9 m

2.7 m

0.80 m

3.5 m

11

22

7.10 m

11 =

178.8 kN/m

V1 =

-381 kN

M1 =

-721.7 kN-m

22 =

193 kN/m

V2 =

471 kN

M2 =

661.7 kN-m

a = d d2

AS =

ASX =

MU
................... (AASHTO-LRFD 5.7.3.3.1)
a

fY d
2

721.68 x106
0.9 x 420 x (725

ASX =

2 MU
................... (AASHTO-LRFD 5.7.2.1)
0.85 fC b

54.06
2

661.7 x106
0.9 x 420 x (725

49.41
2

2735.37 mm/m ............

22/10

Top

2499.7 mm/m ............

26/20

Bottom

SHEAR CHECK
fc' =
fy =
d=

25 MPa
420 MPa
0.725 m.

Vc = 0.166 f c bw d
Vc =

601.75 kN

Vu = 471.35 kN

VS =

VU

VC

............(A.A.S.H.T.O.

8.47)

Vc x 0.85 = 601.75 x 0.85 = 511.49 kN > Vu = 471.35 kN

WALL DESIGN
fc' =
fy =
d'=

25 MPa
420 MPa
0.85 m.

LATERAL PRESSURE ON WALL

Load
No
1
2
3

LOAD NAME
At-rest Earth Pressure.... Po
Surcharge At-rest Pressure (Live)...PosD
Surcharge At-rest Pressure (Dead)...PosL

LOAD (kN)
232.320
35.429
0.000

MOMENT
ARM (m)
2.667
4.000
4.000

MOMENT
(kN-m)
619.520
141.715
0.000
0.000
0.000

SEISMIC FORCES ON WALL

Load
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

LOAD NAME
Active Earth Pressure........... Pa
Surcharge Active Pressure (Dead)...Pas
Backfill Additional Active Pressure...Pdas
Surcharge Deprem Pressure (Dead)...Pdas
Wall, Rectangular Area...W1
Wall, Inclined Area...W2
Wall, Inclined Area...W4
Backfill Seismic Inertia...Wt1
Backfill Seismic Inertia...Wt3

LOAD (kN)

MOMENT
ARM (m)

MOMENT
(kN-m)

232.320
0.000
0.640
0.000
3.000
0.000
3.000
28.000
2.400

2.667
4.000
5.333
4.000
4.000
2.667
2.667
4.000
5.333

619.520
0.000
3.413
0.000
12.000
0.000
8.000
112.000
12.800
0.000
0.000

1) 1.30 (DL+1.15 E)........... A.A.S.H.T.O

M =
V =

1046.989
392.621

GROUP I

kN-m
kN

2) 1.30 (DL+1.67LL+1.15 E)........... A.A.S.H.T.O

M =
V =

1354.652
469.537

kN-m
kN

3) (DL+ E2+E3+EQ)........... A.A.S.H.T.O

M =
V =

767.733
269.360

GROUP VII

kN-m
kN

a = d d2

AS =

ASX =

GROUP II

2 MU
0.85 fC b

MU
a

fY d
2

1354.652 x106
0.9 x 4200 x (850

87.87
2

................... (AASHTO-LRFD 5.7.2.1)

................... (AASHTO-LRFD 5.7.3.3.1)

4445.96 mm/m

SHEAR CHECK
fc' =
fy =
d=

25 MPa
420 MPa
0.75 m.

Vc = 0.166 f c bw d
Vc =

705.5 kN

Vu = 469.537 kN

VS =

VU
VC

............(A.A.S.H.T.O.

Vc x 0.85 = 705.5 x 0.85 = 599.68 kN > Vu = 469.54 kN

8.47)

.......... 26/10

FOUNDATION
Depth (h) =
Clear Cover =
Width (b) =
d=

0.80
7.50
1.00
0.725

Mtop = 721.68 kN-m

Mbottom = 661.7 kN-m

Concrete Strength, f' c =

Reinforcement Strength, f y =

m
cm
m

, Strength Reduction Factor =

Top Moment
Bottom Moment

No'lu Dm Noktas
105 No'lu Dm Noktas

25
420
0.9

N / mm
N / mm

GRUP-VII(x
GRUP-VII(x

Top Reinforcement
Required Reinf. :
a=
54.06 mm
As = 2735.38 mm
Used Reinf. :

22
/

.AASHTO 8.13.3

10

As =

3801.33

mm

Flexural Capacity :
a = 75.13 mm
> 721.68 kN-m OK
Mn = 987.78 kN-m
Min. Reinforcement. :
4
fr =
YT = 400.00 mm
3.115 N/mm
Ig = 4.2667.E+10 mm
Mcr = 332.27 kN-m
>
1.2 Mcr
=>
Asmin,1 = 1485 mm ..8.17.1.1
Mn =
Asmin,2 = 4/3 As = 3647.171 mm
Asmin = MIN(Asmin,1 ; Asmin,2 ) Since Asmin,2 is greater than Asmin,1, It will not be used
Asmin = 1484.98 cm
< As =
3801 cm
OK
Max. Reinforcemnt. :
b = 0.0402
=0.005
..AASHTO 8.16.3.1
0.0052 < 0.75 X 0.04 = 0.03
OK

Bottom Reinforcement
Required Reinf. :
a=
49.41 mm
As = 2508.04 cm
Used Reinf. :

26
/
20
Flexural Capacity :
a = 52.47 mm
Mn = 701.18 kN-m
>
Min. Reinforcement. :
fr =
3.115 N/mm
Mcr =

332.27

.AASHTO 8.13.3

As =

2654.65

mm

661.7 kN-m OK
Ig =

4.2667.E+10

mm4

YT = 400.00 mm

kN-m

Mn =
>
1.2 Mcr
=>
Asmin,1 = 1485 mm ..8.17.1.1
Asmin,2 = 4/3 As = 3344.048 mm
Asmin = MIN(Asmin,1 ; Asmin,2 ) Since Asmin,2 is greater than Asmin,1, It will not be used
Asmin = 1484.98 cm
< As =
2655 cm
OK
Max. Reinforcemnt. :
b = 0.0402
=0.004
..AASHTO 8.16.3.1
0.0037 < 0.75 X 0.04 = 0.03

OK

WALL
Depth (h) =

0.90

Clear Cover =
Width (b) =
d=

5.00
1.00
0.850

cm
m

Mtop = 1354.7 kN-m/m

Concrete Strength, f' c =

25

N / mm

Reinforcement Strength, f y =
, Strength Reduction Factor =

420
0.9

N / mm

Top Moment

No'lu Dm Noktas

GRUP-VII(x

Top Reinforcement
Required Reinf. :
a=
87.87 mm
As = 4445.97 mm
Used Reinf. :

26
/
10
Flexural Capacity :
a = 104.94 mm
Mn = 1600.57 kN-m
>
Min. Reinforcement. :
fr =
3.115 N/mm
Mcr =

332.27

.AASHTO 8.13.3

As =

5309.29

mm

1354.65 kN-mOK
Ig =

4.2667.E+10

mm4

YT = 400.00 mm

kN-m

Mn =
>
1.2 Mcr
=>
Asmin,1 = 1259 mm ..8.17.1.1
Asmin,2 = 4/3 As = 5927.966 mm
Asmin = MIN(Asmin,1 ; Asmin,2 ) Since Asmin,2 is greater than Asmin,1, It will not be used
Asmin = 1259.00 cm
< As =
5309 cm
OK
Max. Reinforcemnt. :
b = 0.0402
=0.007
..AASHTO 8.16.3.1
0.0073 < 0.75 X 0.04 = 0.03

OK