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The WCDMA system is an interference-limited system, and the most
important way to restrain system interference is power control. The core
purpose of power control is to minimized the power of transmitting
signals while ensuring Quality of Service (QoS).
In the uplink, a UE emitting too high power will cause unacceptable
competing interference on the NodeB in comparison to signals coming
from UEs at the cell edge. This is called near-far effect. To avoid near-far
effect, uplink power control is required.
In the downlink, the system capacity is determined by the total code
power. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the transmit power at the
lowest possible level while still ensuring signal quality at the UE.
At open loop power control, the initial transmit power is calculated. This
method is rather inaccurate and it is only applied at the beginning of a
connection setup.
At closed loop power control, the transmitter dynamically adjusts its
transmit power according to the feedback from the receiver of the other
side. Closed loop power control is further classified into the following
types:
Inner loop power control directly adjusts the transmit power of the
transmitter by using power control commands.
Outer loop power control indirectly controls the transmit power of
the transmitter.
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CDMA system have the embedded characteristics of self-interference,
for uplink one users transmission power become interference to others.
The more connected users, the higher interference. Generally the
capacity is limited by interference level.
WCDMA suffer from Near-far effect, which means if all UE use the
same transmission power, the one close to the NodeB may block the
entire cell.
Uplink power control can guarantee the service quality and minimize
the required transmission power. It will resolve the near-far effect and
resist fading of signal propagation. By lowering the uplink interference
level, the system capacity will be increased.
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P-6
The downlink has different characteristics from the uplink, for downlink
interference is caused by multi-path, part of one users power also
become interference to others.
Downlink power from adjacent cells also is one part of interference to the
own cell.
Transmission power of NodeB is shared by all users channels, so
downlink capacity usually is considered to be limited by transmission
power.
Downlink power control also can guarantee the service quality and
minimize the required transmission power, so the capacity is maximized
in case that interference is lowered.
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P-7
Because of channel fading in mobile communication system, the radio
signal is deteriorated and fluctuated, the fast power control become one
key technology to resist this phenomenon.
In this figure, the channel fading is compensated by the transmitting
power, which is adjusted by the fast power control, so the receiving
power is almost constant and the radio propagation condition is improved.
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P-8
In WCDMA system, power control includes open loop and closed loop
power control.
Open loop power control is used to determine the initial transmission
power, and the closed loop power control adjusts the transmission
power dynamically and continuously during the connection.
For uplink, the UEs transmission power is adjusted; and for downlink,
the NodeBs transmission power is adjusted.
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P-9
Open loop power control is used in two cases:
1. to decide the initial transmission power of PRACH;
2. to decide the initial transmission power of DPCCH / DPDCH.
Closed loop power control is only applied on DPCCH and DPDCH.
For other common channels, power control is not applied, they will use
fixed transmission power:
The PCPICH power is defined by the PCPICHPower parameter
as an absolute value in dBm.
All other common channels power is defined in relation with the
PCPICHPower parameter, and measured in dB.
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MaxTxPower
Content: The sum of the maximum transmit power of all DL
channels in a cell.
Value range: 0 to 500
Physical value range: 0 to 50; step: 0.1
Physical unit: dBm
Set this parameter through ADD UCELLSETUP and modify it
through MOD UCELL.
PCPICHPower
Content: This parameter should be set based on the actual
environment and the downlink coverage should be guaranteed
firstly. If PCPICH transmit power is configured too great, the cell
capacity will be decreased, for power resources is occupied by
common channel and the interference to traffic channels is also
increased.
Value range: -100 to 500
Physical value range: -10 to 50; step: 0.1
Physical unit: dBm
Set this parameter through ADD UPCPICH, query it through LST
UPCPICH and modify it through MOD UCELL.
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PSCHPower and SSCHPower
Content: The offset of the PSCH/SSCH transmit power from the
PCPICH transmit power in a cell .
Value range: -350 to 150
Physical value range: -35 to 15; step: 0.1
Physical unit: dB
For PSCH Power, set it through ADD UPSCH, and query it
through LST UPSCH; for SSCH Power, set it through ADD
USSCH, and query it through LST USSCH. And modify them
through MOD UCELL.
BCHPower
Content: The offset of the BCH transmit power from the PCPICH
transmit power in a cell.
Value range: -350 to 150
Physical value range: -35 to 15; step: 0.1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UBCH, query it through LST
UBCH, and modify it through MOD UCELL.
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MaxFachPower
Content: The offset between the FACH transmit power and
PCPICH transmit power in a cell.
Value range: -350 to 150
Physical value range: -35 to 15; step: 0.1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UFACH, query it through LST
UFACH.
PCHPower
Content: The Offset of the PCH transmit power from the PCPICH
transmit power in a cell.
Value range: -350 to 150
Physical value range: -35 to 15; step: 0.1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UPCH, query it through LST
UPCH, and modify it through MOD USCCPCH.
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AICHPowerOffset
Content: The difference between the transmit power of AICH and
that of PCPICH.
Value range: -22 to 5
Physical value range: -22 to 5; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UCHPWROFFSET, query it
through LST UCHPWROFFSET, and modify it through MOD
UAICHPWROFFSET.
PICHPowerOffset
Content: The difference between the transmit power of PICH and
that of PCPICH.
Value range: -10 to 5
Physical value range: -10 to 5; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UCHPWROFFSET, query it
through LST UCHPWROFFSET, and modify it through MOD
UPICHPWROFFSET.
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In downlink open loop power control, the initial transmission power is
calculated according to the downlink path loss between NodeB and UE.
In uplink, since the uplink and downlink frequencies of WCDMA are in
the same frequency band, a significant correlation exists between the
average path loss of the two links. This make it possible for each UE to
calculate the initial transmission power required in the uplink based on
the downlink path loss.
However, there is 90MHz frequency interval between uplink and
downlink frequencies, the fading between the uplink and downlink is
uncorrelated, so the open loop power control is not absolutely accurate.
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In access procedure, the first signaling RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
is transmitted in message part on PRACH.
Before PRACH message part transmission, UE will transmit PRACH
preamble, and the transmission power of first preamble is calculated by
this PRACH open loop power control.
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After UE transmit the first Preamble on PRACH, it will wait for the
corresponding AI (Acquisition Indicator) on the AICH.
If no positive or negative AI on AICH is received after tp-a time,
UE shall increase the preamble power by
PowerRampStep, and retransmit the preamble.
A preamble ramping procedure consists of several
preamble ramping cycles, which cannot exceed Mmax. In
each cycle, the UE retransmits the preamble until the UE
receives the acquisition indicator or the number of
retransmissions has reached PreambleRetransMax.
If a negative AI on AICH is received by the UE after tp-a time,
which indicates rejection of the preamble, the UE shall
wait for a certain Back-off Delay and re-initiate a new
random access process. The parameters NB01min and
NB01max define the lower and upper limits of the back-off
delay. If the value of NB01min is equal to that of
NB01max, it means that the retransmission period of the
preamble part is fixed.
When a positive AI on AICH is received by UE after tp-a time,
it will transmit the random access message after the
uplink access slot of the last preamble.
The message part consists of two parts: the control part
and the data part. The power of the control part is the
same as the power of the last transmitted preamble plus a
value defined by the PowerOffsetPpm parameter.
PowerOffsetPpm must be set for each instance of PRACH
TFC.
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In this formula, where
PCPICHPower defines the PCPICH transmit power in a cell. It is
broadcast in SIB5.
CPICH_RSCP means received signal code power, the received
power measured on the PCPICH. The measurement is
performed by the UE.
UL interference is the UL RTWP measured by the NodeB. It is
broadcast in SIB7.
Constantvalue compensates for the RACH processing gain. It is
broadcast in SIB5.
The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop power
control. UE operation steps are as follows:
1. Read Primary CPICH DL TX power, UL interference and
Constant value from system information;
2. Measure the value of CPICH_RSCP;
3. Calculate the Preamble_Initial_Power of PRACH.
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Constantvalue
Content: It is used to calculate the transmit power of the first
preamble in the random access process.
Value range: -35 to -10
Physical value range: -35 to -10; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UPRACHBASIC, query it through
LST UPRACH, and modify it through MOD UPRACHUUPARAS.
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After UE transmit the first Preamble on PRACH, it will wait for the
corresponding AI (Acquisition Indicator) on the AICH. The timing
relationship of PRACH and AICH is as follow:
There will be 3 parameters used to define the timing relationship:
t
p-p
: time interval between two PRACH preambles. t
p-p
is
not a fixed value, it is decided by selecting access slot of
PRACH preambles.
Here t
p-p
has one restriction, it must be longer than a
minimum value t
p-p min
, namely t
p-p
> t
p-p min
.
t
p-a
: time interval between PRACH preamble and AICH
Acquisition Indicator. If UE sends the PRACH preamble, it
will detect the responding AI after t
p-a
time.
t
p-m
: time interval between PRACH preamble and PRACH
message part. If UE sends the PRACH preamble and
receives positive AI from the AICH, it will send the
message part after t
p-m
time.
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AICHTxTiming
Content: Transmission timing information of an AICH. "0" indicates
that there are 7680 chips offset between the access preamble of the
PRACH and AICH. "1" indicates that there are 12800 chips offset
between them.
Value range: 0 to 1
Physical value range: 0 to 1; step: 1
Set this parameter through ADD UAICH, query it through LST UAICH,
and modify it needs de-activated the cell through DEA UCELL. After
the old configuration of AICH is deleted through RMV UAICH , a new
AICH can be established through ADD UAICH.
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PowerRampStep
Content: The power increase step of the random access
preambles transmitted before the UE receives the acquisition
indicator in the random access process.
Value range: 1 to 8
Physical value range: 1 to 8; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UPRACHBASIC, query it through
LST UPRACH, and modify it through MOD UPRACHUUPARAS.
PreambleRetransMax
Content: The maximum number of preambles transmitted in a
preamble ramping cycle.
Value range: 1 to 64
Physical value range: 1 to 64; step: 1
Set this parameter through ADD UPRACHBASIC, query it through
LST UPRACH, and modify it through MOD UPRACHUUPARAS.
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Mmax
Content: Maximum number of random access preamble loops.
Value range: 1 to 32
Physical value range: 1 to 32; step: 1
Set this parameter through ADD URACH, query it through LST
URACH, and modify it first de-activated the cell through DEA
UCELL, then MOD URACH, finally ACT UCELL.
NB01min / NB01max
Content: Lower/Upper limit of random access back-off delay.
Value range: 0 to 50
Physical value range: 0 to 50; step: 1
Physical unit: frame
Set this parameter through ADD URACH, query it through LST
URACH, and modify it first de-activated the cell through DEA
UCELL, then MOD URACH, finally ACT UCELL.
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PowerOffsetPpm
Content: The power offset between the last access preamble and
the message control part. The power of the message control part
can be obtained by adding the offset to the access preamble
power.
Value range: -5 to 10
Physical value range: -5 to 10; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UPRACHTFC, query it through
LST UPRACH, and modify it de-activated the cell through DEA
UCELL . After the old configuration of PRACH is deleted through
RMV UPRACHTFC , a new parameters can be established
through ADD UPRACHTFC.
The power of the data part is calculated with the following formula:
, where
Pcontrol is the power for the control part.
d is the power gain factor for the data part. The value is defined
by the GainFactorBetaD parameter.
c is the power gain factor for the control part. The value is
defined by the GainFactorBetaC parameter.
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MaxAllowedUlTxPower
Content: The maximum allowed uplink transmit power of a UE in
the cell, which is related to the network planning.
Value range: -50 to 33
Physical value range: -50 to 33; step: 1
Physical unit: dBm
Set this parameter through ADD UCELLSELRESEL, query it
through LST UCELLSELRESEL, and modify it through MOD
UCELLSELRESEL.
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P-28
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According to the RRC connection establishment procedure, after RNC
received the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message, and NodeB set
up the radio link for UE, then Iub interface resources is established
between NodeB and RNC.
When DCH-FP of Iub interface finished downlink and uplink
synchronization, the downlink DPCH starts to transmit, and DPCH initial
transmission power is calculated through open loop power control.
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In this formula, where:
P
init
is the initial power of the DPDCH.
PCPICH is the PCPICH power in a cell. The value is configured
by the PCPICHPower parameter on the RNC.
R is the traffic rate requested by the UE and W is the chip rate
(3.84 Mcps).
(Eb/No)
DL
is the Eb/No target of the downlink DPDCH used to
ensure the service quality. Eb is the energy of a signal
information bit and No is the noise spectral density. The RNC
estimates a value of Eb/No target dynamically based on cell
environment type and BLER target.
(Ec/No)
CPICH
is the ratio of received energy per chip to noise
spectral density of the CPICH received by the UE.
is the orthogonal factor in the downlink. The value is fixed to 0.
P
tota
l is the downlink transmitted carrier power measured on the
NodeB and reported to the RNC.
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The downlink DPCCH consists of three fields: TFCI, TPC, and pilot. Their
power is set as the offset reference to the power of the downlink
DPDCHs.
The downlink power on the DPCCH and its associated DPDCHs is
simultaneously regulated. Thus, power control adjusts the power of the
DPCCH and DPDCHs with the same step, and the power offset between
the DPCCH and the DPDCH keeps constant.
Power offsets between the DPCCH and the DPDCH in the downlink are
identical for all TFCs in the TFCS, whereas in the uplink the power
offsets are TFC-dependent.
The power offsets of TFCI, TPC and pilot fields of the DPCCH reference
to the power of DPDCHs are fixed to 0dB, 3dB, and 3dB respectively.
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RlMaxDlPwr
Content: This parameter should fulfill the coverage requirement of
the network planning, and the value is relative to PCPICH transmit
power.
Value range: -350 to 150
Physical value range: -35 to 15; step: 0.1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UCELLRLPWR , query it through
LST UCELLRLPWR, and modify it through MOD UCELLRLPWR.
RlMinDlPwr
Content: This parameter should consider the maximum downlink
transmit power and the dynamic range of power control, and the
value is relative to PCPICH transmit power.
Value range: -350 to 150
Physical value range: -35 to 15; step: 0.1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through ADD UCELLRLPWR, query it through
LST UCELLRLPWR, and modify it through MOD UCELLRLPWR.
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Both downlink open loop and close loop power control will be limited by
these parameters.
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According to the RRC connection establishment procedure, after RNC
sent the RRC CONNECTION SETUP message, UE will try to
synchronize with NodeB, and the uplink DPCCH starts to transmit, here
DPCCH initial transmission power is calculated through open loop power
control.
The power of the uplink DPDCH is set as a power offset (d/c)
reference to the uplink DPCCH. The uplink DPCCH and DPDCHs are
transmitted through different channel codes. To meet a given QoS
requirement on the transport channels, different TFCs use different power
offsets.
The RNC has a set of reference values (c,ref and d,ref) that are stored
for each predefined Radio Access Bearer (RAB) or Signaling Radio
Bearer (SRB). c,ref and d,ref can be configured by BETAC and
BETAD on the RNC.
The RNC calculates a new power offset for each TFC based on the
reference values dynamically and sends the power offset to the UE.
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For Huawei, DPCCH_Power_Offset is calculated with the following
formula:
Where:
The PCPICHPower parameter defines the PCPICH transmit
power in a cell. This value is broadcast in SIB5.
Uplink interference is the uplink RTWP measured by the NodeB
and sent to the UE through the SIB7.
The DefaultConstantValue parameter reflects the target Ec/No of
the uplink DPCCH.
tValue s DefaultCon ce Interferen UL r PCPICHPowe Offset Power DPCCH tan _ _ + + =
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DefaultConstantValue
Content: This parameter specifies the constant that is used by the
RNC to compute the DPCCH_Power_Offset which is further used
by the UE to calculate the UL DPCCH_Initial_Power during the
open-loop power control.
Value range: -35 to -10
Physical value range: -35 to -10; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through SET UFRC, query it through LST
UFRC, and modify it through SET UFRC.
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MaxUlTxPowerforConv
MaxUlTxPowerforStr
MaxUlTxPowerforInt
MaxUlTxPowerforBac
Content: The maximum UL transmit power for specific services in
a cell. It is based on the UL coverage requirement of the specific
services designed by the network planning.
Value range: -50 to 33
Physical value range: -50 to 33; step: 1
Physical unit: dBm
Set this parameter through ADD UCELLCAC, query it through
LST UCELLCAC, and modify it through MOD UCELLCAC.
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Inner Loop Power Control:
The receiver compares SIR
mea
(measured SIR) with SIR
tar
(target SIR),
and decide the TPC to send:
If SIR
mea
is greater than SIR
tar
, the TPC is set as 0 to decrease
transmission power;
If SIR
mea
is less than SIR
tar
, the TPC is set as 1 to increase
transmission power.
TPC is sent to the transmitter in DPCCH, the transmitter will adjust the
power according to the value of received TPC.
Through inner loop power control, the SIR
mea
can be ensured to
approach SIR
tar
.
Outer Loop Power Control:
The receiver compares BLER
mea
(measured BLER) with BLER
tar
(target
BLER), and decide how to set the SIR
tar
:
If BLER
mea
is greater than BLER
tar
, the SIR
tar
is increased;
If BLER
mea
is less than BLER
tar
, the SIR
tar
is decreased.
The adjusted SIR
tar
is sent for the inner loop power control, then it will be
used in previous process to guide the transmitter power adjustment.
Through outer loop power control, the BLER
mea
can be ensured to
approach BLER
tar
.
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P-42
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P-43
RNC sends SIR
tar
(target SIR) to NodeB and then NodeB compares
SIR
mea
(measured SIR) with SIR
tar
:
If the estimated SIR is greater than the target SIR, NodeB sends
TPC 0 to UE on downlink DPCCH TPC field;
Otherwise, NodeB sends TPC 1 to UE.
After reception of one or more TPC, UE shall derive a single TPC_cmd
(TPC command, with value among -1, 0, 1):
Two algorithms could be used by the UE for deriving the
TPC_cmd, those are PCA1 and PCA2 (PCA means Power
Control Algorithm).
For UE is in soft handover state, more than one TPC is received,
so firstly multiple TPC_cmd is combined.
When deriving the combined TPC_cmd, UE shall adjust the transmit
power of uplink DPCCH with a step UL Closed Loop Power Control Step
Size, as following:
DPCCH =TPCTPC_cmd
This adjustment is executed on the DPCCH, then associated DPDCH
transmit power is calculated according to DPDCH / DPCCH power ratio
|
d
/ |
c
.
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P-44
When UE has single radio link, only one TPC will be received in each slot.
In this case, the value of TPC_cmd shall be derived by PCA1 as follows:
If the received TPC is equal to 0, then TPC_cmd for that slot is -1;
If the received TPC is equal to 1, then TPC_cmd for that slot is 1.
According to DPCCH channel structure, there are 15 time slots in a 10ms
radio frame, and the control is performed once in each time slot, so the
frequency of uplink inner loop PCA1 is 1500Hz.
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P-45
When UE has single radio link, only one TPC will be received in each slot.
In this case, the value of TPC_cmd shall be derived by PCA2 as follows:
For the first 4 slots of a set, TPC_cmd = 0.
For the fifth slot of a set, UE make the decisions on as follows:
If all 5 TPCs within a group are 1, then TPC_cmd = 1 in
the 5th slot;
If all 5 TPCs within a group are 0, then TPC_cmd = -1 in
the 5th slot;
Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0 in the 5th slot.
According to DPCCH channel structure, there are 15 time slots in a 10ms
radio frame, and the control is performed once in each 5-slot group, so
the frequency of uplink inner loop PCA2 is 300Hz.
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P-46
On the NodeB side, there are two phases during the soft handover state:
Uplink synchronization phase
The NodeB should send durative TPC = 1 to the newly-added
RL before successful synchronization.
Multi-radio link phase
Each NodeB and each cell will estimate the SIR individually and
the general TPC individually. Therefore, the UE may receive
different TPC from different RLS.
Especially, when UE is in softer handover state, it means UE has radio
links to the same NodeB, in this case, these RLs (Radio Link) belong to
the same RLS (Radio Link Set), and the all TPCs are the same from
each RL.
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P-47
When UE is in soft handover state, multiple TPC will be received in each
slot from different cells in the active set. UE will generate the TPC_cmd
by PCA1 as follows:
1. Combine the TPC from the same RLS and derive the Wi
When the RLs (Radio Link) are in the same RLS (Radio Link Set),
they will transmit the same TPC in a slot. In this case, the TPCs
from the same RLS shall be combined into one.
After combination, UE will obtain a soft symbol decision Wi for
each RLSi.
2. Combine the TPC from different RLSs and derive the TPC_cmd
UE derives TPC_cmd, it is based on a function and all the N soft
symbol decisions Wi:
TPC_cmd = (W
1
, W
2
, W
N
),
Where TPC_cmd can only take the values 1 or -1.
In Huawei implementation, the function shall fulfil the following
criteria:
If the TPCs from all RLSs are 1, the output of shall be equal to
1;
If one TPC from any RLS is 0, the output of shall be equal to -
1.
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P-48
When UE is in soft handover state, multiple TPC will be received in each
slot from different cells in the active set. UE will generate the TPC_cmd
by PCA2 as follows:
1. Combine the TPC from the same RLS
When the RLs are in the same RLS, they will transmit the same
TPC in a slot. In this case, the TPCs from the same RLS shall be
combined into one.
2. Calculate the TPC_temp
i
for each RLS
UE derives TPC_temp
i
through the same way in the last slide, as
follows:
For the first 4 slots of a group, TPC_temp
i
= 0.
For the 5th slot of a group:
If all 5 TPCs within a group are 1, then TPC_temp
i
= 1 in
the 5th slot;
If all 5 TPCs within a group are 0, then TPC_temp
i
= -1 in
the 5th slot;
Otherwise, TPC_temp
i
= 0 in the 5th slot.
3. Calculate the TPC_cmd
UE derives TPC_cmd through the following criteria:
If any TPC_temp
i
is equal to -1, TPC_cmd is set to -1;
If , TPC_cmd = 1;
Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0.
5 . 0 _
1
1
>

=
N
i
i
temp TPC
N
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P-49
The example of the uplink inner loop PCA2 in soft handover state.
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PwrCtrlAlg
Content: This parameter is used to inform the UE of the method
for translating the received Transmit Power Control (TPC)
commands. In other words, it is used to select UL power control
algorithm.
Value range: ALGORITHM1, ALGORITHM2
Physical value range: ALGORITHM1, ALGORITHM2
Set this parameter through SET UFRC, query it through LST
UFRC, and modify it through SET UFRC.
UlTpcStepSize
Content: The step size of the closed loop power control performed
on UL DPDCH. This parameter is mandatory when the parameter
PwrCtrlAlg is set as ALGORITHM1.
Value range: 1 to 2
Physical value range: 1 to 2; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through SET UFRC, query it through LST
UFRC, and modify it through SET UFRC.
For PCA2, the step is fixed to 1 dB.
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P-51
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P-52
Basically the downlink inner loop power control process is similar with
uplink, UE L3 sends SIR
tar
to UE L1 and then UE L1 compares SIR
mea
with SIR
tar
:
If the SIR
mea
is greater than the SIR
tar
, UE sends TPC 0 to
NodeB on uplink DPCCH TPC field;
Otherwise, UE sends TPC 1 to NodeB.
The UE shall check the downlink power control mode before generating
the TPC, two algorithm DPC_MODE1 and DPC_MODE2 could be used
by UE to derive the TPC. Upon receiving the TPC, NodeB shall estimate
the transmitted TPC and adjust its downlink DPCCH/DPDCH power
accordingly.
After reception of one or more TPC in a slot, NodeB shall derive the
estimated TPC TPC
est
(k) and calculate a P
TPC
(k), the power adjustment
of k:th slot.
Then NodeB shall adjust the current downlink power P(k-1) to a new
power P(k), and adjust the power of the DPCCH and DPDCH with the
same amount, since power difference between them is fixed.
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P-53
The DPC_MODE parameter is a UE specific parameter and controlled by
the UTRAN.
The UE shall check the DPC_MODE (Downlink Power Control Mode)
before generating the TPC, and upon receiving the TPC, the UTRAN
shall adjust its downlink power accordingly.
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DpcMode
Content: This parameter specifies the DL power control mode.
- SINGLE_TPC, a fast power control mode, indicates that a
unique TPC command is sent in each timeslot on the DPCCH.
- TPC_TRIPLET_IN_SOFT, a slow power control mode, indicates
that the same TPC command is sent over three timeslots. It is
applicable to soft handover, and it can decrease the power
deviation.
- TPC_AUTO_ADJUST, an automatic adjustment mode, indicates
that the value of DPC_MODE can be modified by sending the
ACTIVE SET UPDATE message to the UE.
Value range: SINGLE_TPC (DPC_MODE=0),
TPC_TRIPLET_IN_SOFT (DPC_MODE=1),
TPC_AUTO_ADJUST
Physical recommended value: SINGLE_TPC
Set this parameter through SET UFRC, query it through LST
UFRC, and modify it through SET UFRC.
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If PC_DOWNLINK_POWER_BALANCE_SWITCH is OFF, then P
bal
(k)
equals 0.
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From the definition above, A
sum
(k) indicates the sum of downlink power
adjustment in the latest DL_Power_Average_Window_Size time slots.
Power_Raise_Limit is set to 10dB.
DL_Power_Averaging_Window_Size is set to 20 slots.
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PC_INNER_LOOP_LMTED_PWR_INC_SWITCH
This is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control switch) parameter.
Content: When the switch is on, the limited power increase
function is used for DL inner loop power control.
Value range: 1, 0
Physical value range: ON, OFF
Set this parameter through SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH, query
it through LST UCORRMALGOSWITCH, and modify it through
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH.
FddTpcDlStepSize
Content: This parameter specifies the step size of the closed-loop
power control performed on DL DPCH in Frequency Division
Duplex (FDD) mode.
Value range: STEPSIZE_0.5DB, STEPSIZE_1DB,
STEPSIZE_1.5DB, STEPSIZE_2DB
Physical value range: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Set this parameter through SET UFRC, query it through LST
UFRC, and modify it through SET UFRC.
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P-59
During soft handover, the UL TPC is demodulated in each RLS, then due
to demodulation errors, the DL transmit power of the each branch in soft
handover will drift separately, which causes loss to the macro-diversity
gain.
The DL Power Balance (DPB) algorithm is introduced to reduce the
power drift between links during the soft handover.
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PC_DOWNLINK_POWER_BALANCE_SWITCH
This is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control switch) parameter.
Content: When the switch is on, the RNC supports DL power
balancing. During soft handover, TPC bit errors may cause DL
power drift. DL power balancing is enabled to balance the DL
power between links, thus achieving the optimal gain of soft
handover.
Value range: 1, 0
Physical value range: ON, OFF
Set this parameter through SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH, query
it through LST UCORRMALGOSWITCH, and modify it through
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH.
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P-61
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The main reason of outer loop power control:
The QoS which NAS provides to CN is BLER, not SIR.
The relationship between inner loop power control and outer loop power
control:
SIRtar should be satisfied with the requirement of decoding
correctly. But different multi-path radio environments request
different SIRtar. Therefore, the outer loop power control can
adjust the SIRtar to get a stable BLER in the changeable radio
environment.
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Uplink outer-loop power control is performed in the SRNC. The SRNC
measures the received BLER and compares it with the BLER
tar
. If the
BLER
mea
is greater than the BLER
tar
, the SRNC increases the SIR
tar
;
otherwise, the SRNC decreases the SIR
tar
.
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The initial SIR target value is transmitted to the NodeB by using NBAP
signaling of each RADIO LINK SETUP or RADIO LINK
RECONFIGURATION PREPARE messages.
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According to the formula above,
SIR
tar
(n) is the target SIR used for the n:th adjustment period.
MAX means the maximum value among the total i transmission
channels.
BLER
meas,i
(n) is measured for the i:th transmission channel in the
n:th adjustment period.
BLER
tar,i
is the target BLER of the i:th transmission channel.
Step
i
is the adjustment step of the i:th transmission channel.
Factor is the adjustment factor.
In case of multi-service:
The maximum value of the SIR target among multiple services is
used for the SIR target adjustment.
If one of the services requires increase in the SIR target, the
reconfigured SIR target cannot exceed that maximum value.
The maximum value can be decreased only when all the services
require decrease in the SIR target.
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Where,
ASIR
tar
is the adjustment of SIR
tar
, and ASIR
tar
= SIR
tar
(n+1) -
SIR
tar
(n).
ABS (ASIR
tar
) means absolute value of ASIR
tar
.
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P-67
Where,
CSD: CS domain Data service.
I/B: Interactive and Background.
Set these parameter through ADD UTYPRABOLPC, query it through LST
UTYPRABOLPC, and modify it through MOD UTYPRABOLPC.
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PC_OLPC_SWITCH
This is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control switch) parameter.
Comments: When the switch is on, the RNC updates the UL SIR
TARGET of radio links on the NodeB side through IUB DCH FP
in-band signaling.
Value range: 1, 0
Physical value range: ON, OFF
Set this parameter through SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH, query
it through LST UCORRMALGOSWITCH, and modify it through
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH.
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In an optimal condition, the BER target is the average BER after filtering
within the adjustment period. The BER target is obtained before the DTX
period starts during the outer-loop power control period. During soft
handover, the BER target is the minimum value among all the links.
When the BLER is a constant, the BER on the DPCCH can vary within a
limited range.
During the DTX, the MAC measures the BER on the DPCCH, and the
RNC compares it with the BER target. If the measured BER is smaller
than the BER target, the OLPC decreases the SIR target. Otherwise, the
OLPC increases the SIR target.
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P-70
The downlink outer loop power control is implemented inside the UE.
Therefore, this algorithm is specified by UE manufacturer.
The information signaled to the UE by the RNC is a quality target for
each radio bearer, expressed as a BLER target. Then, depending on the
manufacturer specific outer-loop power control algorithm, an initial SIR
target value can be deduced from this BLER value.
Generally, the UE L3 measures the received BLER and compares it with
the BLER
tar
. If the BLER
mea
is greater than the BLER
tar
, the L3 increases
the SIR
tar
and send it to UE L1; otherwise, the L3 decreases the SIR
tar
.
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P-71