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Environmental health inemergencies and disasters
 A PRACTICAL GUIDE
Edited by
B. Wisner J. Adams
 
 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Environmental health in emergencies and disasters: a practicalguide.Edited by B. Wisner, J. Adams.1.Environmental health.2.Disasters.3.Disaster planning.4.Riskmanagement.5.Safety management.6.Manuals.I.Wisner, Ben.II.Adams, John.ISBN 92 4 154541 0(NLM/LC classification: WX 185).
© World Health Organization 2002
All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization canbe obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World HealthOrganization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland(tel:
+
41 22 791 2476; fax:
+
41 22 791 4857; email:
bookorders@who.int 
). Requests for permission to reproduce ortranslate WHO publications—whether for sale or for noncommercialdistribution—should be addressed to Publications, at the aboveaddress (fax:
+
41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int).The designations employed and the presentation of the material inthis publication do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerningthe legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of itsauthorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended bythe World Health Organization in preference to others of a similarnature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, thenames of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capitalletters.The World Health Organization does not warrant that the informationcontained in this publication is complete and correct and shall notbe liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use.Cover photos : Pan-American Health OrganizationThe named editors alone are responsible for the views expressed inthis publication.Typeset in Hong KongPrinted in Malta.
 
Contents
iii
List of illustrationsxiiPrefacexviAcknowledgmentsxix
1.About this book
11.1Objectives11.2Target audiences11.3Organization of the chapters21.4Scope21.5Approach31.6Glossary of terms4
Part I.General aspects2.The nature of emergencies and disasters
92.1Environmental health and disasters92.2Disasters and emergencies9
2.2.1Hazards and extreme events
9
2.2.2Disasters
10
2.2.3Conflict 
10
2.2.4The effects of disasters on environmental health facilitiesand services
11
2.2.5Emergencies
122.3Vulnerability to disasters and emergencies13
2.3.1The concept of vulnerability 
13
2.3.2High susceptibility 
13
2.3.3Low resilience
14
2.3.4The impact of disasters at national level 
142.4Human actions that increase vulnerability to disasters15
2.4.1Improper resource management 
15
2.4.2Urbanization and vulnerability to disasters
15
2.4.3Rural/urban connections
16
2.4.4Global environmental change
172.5The disaster-management cycle17
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