mTavarepiskoposi

anania

jafariZe

petre

iberi

marTlmadidebeli episkoposi

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petre ibers Zvel saqarTveloSi uwodebdnen `siqaduls, mnaTobs da brwyinvalebas qarTvelTa erisasa~. igi angelozTa xarebiT, `viTarca didi winamorbedi~ miscemia Tavis keTilmorwmune mSoblebs. mematianes sityviT, petre ibersa da ioane lazs ierusalimisaken `win uZRodaT sveti naTlisa~. petre iberis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvi SeeparaT mxolod XVIII saukuneSi, da amis mizezi ufro politikuri urTierTqiSpi iyo sxvadasxva dass Soris, vidre sarwmunoebrivi. mTavarepiskoposi ananaia jafariZe Tavis naSromSi `petre iberi marTlmadidebeli episkoposi~ exeba aRniSnul da sxva saintereso sakiTxebs, romelnic paragrafebis saxiTaa gamoyofili, esenia: `qarTvelTa samonastro cxovrebis saTaveebTan IV-V ss.~, `pirveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi~, `ioane lazi qarTuli samwerlo enis saTaveebTan~, `petre iberis biografebi~, `monofizitobis gaZliereba XVIIXVIII saukuneebSi da petre iberis xsenebis gauqmeba~. wigni gankuTvnilia mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis.

anania jafariZe, 2002

qarTvelTa samonastro cxovrebis saTaveebTan (IV_V saukuneebi) wmida nino da petre iberi IV_V saukuneebi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis xanaa zogadqarTuli kulturis istoriisaTvis. am dros Camoyalibda saeklesio-liturgikuli da saliteraturo ena. iTargmna wmida werili. IV-V saukuneebi aris qarTuli kulturis oqros xana, safuZveli, romelze dayrdnobiTac qarTulma civilizaciam saukuneTa manZilze miaRwia Tavis Sedegebs. Tavdapirvelad RvTismsaxureba saqarTveloSi, rogorc sxva qveynebSi, Cans, berZnulad aResruleboda, am dros mTargmnelebi wmida werilis nawyvetebs xalxs zepirad uTargmnidnen. magram imisaTvis, raTa qristianobas daepyro xalxis suli da guli, aucilebeli iyo wmida werilis qarTuli damwerlobiT axmovaneba. am problemas, Cans, Rrmad Seimecnebda qarTuli eklesiis ierarqia. Camoyalibda idea iqamde qarTvel qurumTa wreSi arsebuli anbanis daxvewisa da axali saanbano sistemis Seqmnisa, qristianobis samsxurSi misi Cayenebisa. am ideiT, Cans, samefo karic dainteresda. guliTadi muSaobis Sedegad, uTuod RvTivgamocxadebiT, restavrirda qarTuli anbani, romelsac amJamad xucuri-asomTavruli ewodeba. anbanis xelaxali gacocxlebis Semdeg qarTul damwerlobas qarTveli xalxi, xangrZlivi istoriis manZilze, iyenebs viTarca umTavres iaraRs Tavisi kulturisa da TviTSemecnebis dasacavad. damwerlobis gacocxlebasTan erTad saqarTveloSi ganviTarda werilobiTi, Targmnili da originaluri literatura, Camoyalibda qarTuli saliteraturo ena. yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom IV-V saukuneebis qarTuli saliteraturo ena, dResac ki, aTasxuTasi wlis Semdeg advilad gasagebia ara mxlod momzadebuli mkiTxvelisaTvis, aramed skolis moswavleebisaTvisac ki. vin xelmZRvanelobda mTargmnelobiT muSaobas, vin iyvnen pirveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi, ra garemoebam Seuwyo xeli IV-V saukuneebSi qristianuli moSurneobis, suliskveTebis, aRtkinebis atmosferos Seqmnas, romlmis gareSec ar iSveboda qarTuli kulturis oqros saukuneebi? sazogadod CvenTvis gacilebiT ufro cnobilia mTargmnelTa meore - X-XI saukuneebSi moRvawe Taobis vinaoba, vidre pirveli - IV-V saukuneebisa.

aRsaniSnavia, rom IV-V saukuneebis saqarTvelos xelmwifis kari da eklesia qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi aarsebdnen RaribTa TavSesafrebs, obolTa saxlebs, saavadmyofoebs, saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebebs, rogorc amas miuTiTeben wyaroebi, romelTac qvemoT ganvixilavT. xalxSi nergavdnen qristianul zneobas. akrZales axlo naTesavTa qorwineba, loToba, garyvnileba, kaciskvla. am dros safuZveli ecleba monaTmflobelobas da TandaTan inergeba patronymoba, rac patronsa da ymas Soris siyvaruls, sitkboebiT urTierTmopyrobas gulisxmobda, yovelive amis safuZveli unda yofiliyo CvenSi qristianobasTan erTad Semosuli monazvnuri suliskveTeba, esaa Cveni ganxilvis Tema. meoTxe saukuneSi monazvnoba Zalze gavrcelda romis imperiaSi. amis mizezad miiCneva is, rom saxelmwifos gaqristianebis Sedegad (milanis ediqtis Semdeg) eklesia gaivso yofili warmarTebiT, ramac Secvala religiur-zneobrivi cxovreba morwmuneebisa. adamianebi, romelTac surdaT TavianT cxovrebaSi gaetarebinaT maRali saxarebiseuli idealebi wyvetdnen kavSirs qveyanasTan, da midiodnen gandegilebad udabnosa da dausaxlebel adgilebSi. saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadebisa da xalxis moqcevis Semdeg, wyaroTa cnobiT, monaznoba warmoadgenda zneobriobis sayrden uZlieres Zalas, RvTis madlisaken xalxis momaqcevels. iyo Tu ara cnobili saqarTveloSi monazvnoba IV-V saukuneebSi, SeeZlo Tu ara mas raime gavlena hqonoda mTel xalxze, hqondaT Tu ara qarTvelebs IV-V saukuneebSi monastrebi? k.kekeliZis azriT, saqarTveloSi samonastro cxovreba iwyeba `aTcamet asurel mamaTa mosvlis Semdeg VI s. naxevridan. manamdis asketurad ganwyobili qarTvelebi sazRvargareT poulobdnen TavSesafars~ (k.kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli lit. istoria, I, gv. 544). maT ricxvSi k.kekeliZe asaxelebs petre qarTvels (ibers - 411-491 ww.) da evagre pontoels (346-399). am ukanasknelis qarTuli warmoSoba berZnul da koptur literaturaSia damowmebuli (iqve, gv. 544). k.kekeliZis azri, rom samonastro cxovreba CvenSi daiwyo VI s-dan amJamad sayovelTaodaa gavrcelebuli, magram zogierTi wyaros analizi iZleva safuZvels gamoiTqvas Tvalsazrisi, rom saqarTveloSi asketur cxovrebas safuZveli Caeyara ufro

adre, IV saukuneSi wmida ninos qadagebaTa Semdeg. TviT wmida nino ganekuTvneboda gandegil qalwulTa samonastro Temis wres. es Cans `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ uZvelesi redaqciidan, amasTanave, saqarTveloSi arsebul asketur suliskveTebas IV s-Si aRweren petre iberis biografebi. amasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba daisvas aseTi kiTxva, wmida ninis cxovrebis redaqcia wamdvilad gadmogvcems Tu ara IV s-is viTarebas, da wmida ninos qadagebaTa droisaTvis iyo Tu ara saerTod romis imperiaSi gavrcelebuli asketuri suliskveTeba? wmida ninos cxovrebis Cvenamde moRweul redaqciebs aqamde akuTvnebdnen IX-X saukuneebs, magram mecnierebaTa doqtorma marine CxartiSvilma damajereblad gaarkvia, rom igi IV saukunis Zeglia, Cawerili wmida ninos mowafis mier. rac Seexeba samonazvno suliskeTebas, igi swored wmida ninos dros Zalzed iyo gavrcelebuli romis imperiaSi. sulieri srulyofilebis mizniT qalebi da kacebi cdilobdnen aResrulebinaT wmida saxarebiseuli qadageba: `Tu gsurs rom srulyofili iyo, wadi gayide Seni qoneba, daurige Raribebs, da geqneba saunje zecaSi, mere modi da me gamomyevi~ (maTe, 19,21). gansakuTrebiT ki pavles gamonaTqvami `ucolo kaci ufalze zrunavs, rogor asiamovnos ufals... qalwuli uflisaze zrunavs, raTa sxeuliT da suliTac wmida iyos~ (I kor, 7, 32-35). ukve pirvel saukuneebSive debdnen qalwulobis aRTqmas, magram III saukunidan man ufro masiuri xasiaTi miiRo, qalwulebi, romelnic wina saukuneebSi TavianT ojaxebSi cxovrobdnen, III saukunidan cdiloben daSorebodnen ojaxs, qveyanas da gasuliyvnen udabnoSi. monazoni swored marto myofel, gandegils gulisxmobda. antoni didi (251-356) pirveli Seudga Tavis garSemo udabnoSi gasul gandegilTa Sekrebas. paxomi didma (282-346) organizaciuli saxe misca gandegilTa Tems. pirveli qalTa monasteric paxomi dids dauarsebia Tavisi dis mariasaTvis, magram arsebobs cnoba sirieli mwerlis afraatisa, rom iqamdec arsebobda gandegil qalwulTa (qalTa da kacTa) Zmuri kavSirebi anu Temebi. romlis wevrebsac dadebuli hqondaT uqorwineblobis aRTqma. swored aseTi Temis wevri unda yofiliyo wmida nino. mematiane qalwulTa am kavSirs - monasters uwodebs da zustad gadmogvcems IV saukunis msoflio eklesiaSi arsebul viTarebas. im qalwul gandegilTa TemSi, romelTac uqorwineblobis aRTqma hqondaT

dadebuli da ekuTvnoda wmida nino, iyo 52 qalwulze meti. isini ase afasebdnen TavianT mdgomareobas - `Rirsi qebisa martoebiT cxovreba~. mematiane wers e.w.rifsimian qalwulTa Sesaxeb: `moixsenes maT ubiwo igi aRTqma da Rirsi qebisa martoebiT cxovreba, romelsa igi iyvnes ganswavlul... erTobiT ganzraxviTa dauteves qveyana igi farulad ormocdaTormetman sulman~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 82). wmida nino aRizarda asketTa ojaxSi, mama misi zabuloni gandegilTa wres ekuTvnoda, ganSorda cols `da wavida wiaR iordanesa, kacTa maT Tana velurTa~ (q.c., I, gv. 77). e.i. udabnoSi, manamde ki Tavisi qoneba glaxakebs dauriga, aseve ganSorda ojaxs deda wm. ninosi susana, igi dadga `msaxurad glaxakTa dedaTa da uZlurTa~ (iqve, gv. 77). TviTon wmida ninoc 12 wlisa ganSorda ojaxs da dedamisis msgavsad `emsaxureboda~ sxvebs, kerZod, `wmida nino msaxurobda niaforsa~ (iqve, 77). Semdeg i gi, rogorc aRv niSneT, romSi SeuerTda aRTqmadadebul qalwulTa wres. man `ipovna rifsime da dedamZuZe misi gaiane monastersa Sina qalwulTa, romelTa qristes aRsarebisaTvis suroda da elodes ierusalimiT naTlisRebasa~ (q.c., I, gv. 80). am qalwulTa monasterSi wmida ninom ori weli dahyo. qalwulebma `xelsa queSe wmidisa ninosa naTel iRes~ (iqve, gv. 81). rogorc motanili masalidan Cans, saqarTveloSi monazvnobis pirveli mqadagebeli wmida nino iyo. somxeTSi Seltolvil rifsimian qalwulTa wamebis Semdeg (300 wels), wmida nino, vaxtan goilaZis azriT, 303 wels Semovida saqarTveloSi. mis qadagebas ara mxolod mouqcevia qarTveli xalxi. aramed Caunergavs asketuri suliskveTebac. es kargad Cans petre iberis biografiidan. rogorc petre iberis biografebi amtkiceben, isini petres mowafeebi, TviTmxilvelni da yuriTmsmenelni iyvnen. amitomac isini, miuxedavad TavianTi sarwmunoebrivi orientaciisa, sinamdviliT aRweren petres siymawvilisas saqarTveloSi arsebul sarwmunoebriv viTarebas. Tu rogori asketuri sul i danerga wmida ninom saqarTveloSi Cans iqidan, rom IV saukuneSive papa petre iberisa, bakuri didi, misi meuRle duxtia TavianTi mefobis dros monazvnur (asketur) cxovrebas eweodnen. erTmaneTSi dades SeTanxmeba xorcieli kavSiris uaryofisa ramdenime Svilis gaCenis Semdeg (georgigika, II, 1965, gv. 250). bakur mefes ioane

rufusis (petres biografis) Txzulebis asurul enaze mTargmneli `qarTvelTa pirvel qristian mefes~ uwodebs, bakuri zedmiwevniT marxulobda, loculobda da gascemda mowyalebas. sasaxlidan Tavisi xeliT mihqonda kalaTebiT saWmeli RaribTa TavSesafarSi, Tavisi xeliT aWmevda maT. misma meuRlem, dedofalma, Caicva balnisagan damzadebuli samosi, gayida oqros nivTebi da Raribebs dauriga. petres mamis bozmariosis Tanamedrove arsiliosi qalwulobis aRTqmis dacvas cdilobda (georgika, II, gv. 251). petres aRmzrdeli `ZuZo iseTi wmida iyo, rom RamiT dgeboda da qarTulad loculobda, ise tiroda, rom netar petres cremlebiT asvelebda~. petres deda, daqvrivebis Semdeg, qalaqidan gavida, soflad cxovrobda asketurad, gzajvaredinze agebda ucxoTa TavSesafrebs, saavadmyofoebs, man Caicva `monazonis kaba~ (georgika, II, gv. 251). rogorc aqedan Cans saqarTveloSi IV saukunis II naxevarSive gamjdari iyo asketuri suli, rogorc mematiane ambobs `asketoba da nazareveloba~, `nazarevelobaSi~ - monazvnoba igulisxmeboda. es iyo `mociqulis sityviT rom vTqvaT - `wvaleba, gaWirveba, Seviwroeba, devnuloba, marxuloba, RamisTeva, gvemuloba, winaaRmdegobasTan brZola~ (georgika, II, gv. 254). am mxriv saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTareba ar gansxvavdeboda romis imperiaSi arsebul viTarebisagan. kerZod, konstantinopolis saimperatoro sasaxleSi `mTeli jalaboba cxovrobda rogorc monasterSi, dros atarebda locvasa da marxulobaSi, RamiT da dRisiT mRvdelmsaxurebaSi, yvelafer amis Semxedvare ymawvili (momavali petre iberi) ainTo vnebiT, rac saxlidanve (e.i. saqarTvelodan) hqonda motanili, Tavisi mSoblebidan siyvaruli RvTisadmi, aRfrTovanebiT da asketurobiT. Tavis sxeulze atarebda balnis samosel ZaZas, garedan ki brwyinvale samosi ecva~ (iqve, gv. 256). rogorc vxedavT ara Tu V saukuneSi, aramed IV saukuneSic suli `nazarevelobisa~ anu monazvnobisa saqarTveloSi iseTive saxisa iyo, rogorc mTel bizantiis imperiaSi. amitomac CvenSi arsebobda pirobebi IV da V saukuneebSi monastrebis daarsebisa, asureli mamebis CvenSi Semosvlamde. amas miuTiTebs kidec vaxtang gorgasalis mematiane. vaxtang mefem V saukunis II naxevarSi, Tavis erisTavs, artavazs, `ubrZana, raTa gamonaxos xevsa mas Sina adgili

samonastre da aRaSenos eklesia, da qmnes monasterad, viTarca exilnes monasterni saberZneTisani~ (q.c., I, gv. 178). `xolo artavaz aRaSena cixe artanujisa da monasteri, romelic aris opiza da samni eklesiani: daba merisa, Sindobisa da axizisa~ (iqve, gv. 178).

pirveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi swored es ganwyobileba da suliskveTeba edo safuZvlad aRniSnul xanaSi qarTulad wmida werilis gadmoRebas, Targmnas. am mxriv Cvens gansakuTrebul yuradRebas i pyrobs V s-is I naxevari. am dros moRvawe qarTuli mTargmnelebi asketebi unda yofiliyvnen msgavsad evagri pontoelisa da petre iberisa. safiqrebelia, rom Tu TviTon petre iberi ar iyo erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli qarTvel mTargmnelTa pirveli pleadisa, misi samefo ojaxis kari mainc iyo xelisSemwyobi pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelTa moRvawobisa. ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom petre iberis winaprebisa da TviTon misi axalgazrdobis saxeli moxsenebulia dRemde aRmoCenilTagan qronologiurad erTerT upirveles palestinis qarTuli monastris mozaikur warwerebSi. am warweraSi moxseniebuli unda iyos agreTve qarTvel mTargmnelTa pirveli pleadis yvelaze gamoCenil pirTa saxelebic. saerTod, mwignobroba, wignis kiTxva - monazonis saqme iyo. petre maT moZRvravda: `viTarca mtili mzvarisa (e.i. baRi) urwyavi ganxmebis da unayofo iqmnebis, egreTve goneba monazonisai unayofo ars Tvinier wignis kiTxvisa da smenisa swavlaTa sulierTa~ (Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli lit. Zegl., II, 1967, gv. 255). biograf zaqarias cnobiT, romelic qarTlidanve gahyolia ucxoeTSi monazvnad wasul petres, patara murvaniosi saqarTveloSi sami wlis asakidan `misces samwignobred da daiswava man yovelive swavlai da gulisxmisyofiT aRmoikiTxavn wmidaTa werilTa da iwurTin marad dRe da Rame~ (iqve, gv. 217). murvanosi dabadebula 411 wels (sxva mosazrebiT - 409 wels), misi sami wlis asakSi e.i. 414-415 wlisaTvis, qarTulad ukve arsebobda wmida werilis Targmanebi, Tu romelime sxva enaze daweril wignebs aswavlidnen patara murvanoss?

petre iberis meore biografi ioane rufusad saxeldebuli avtori wers, rom petres gamzrdeli qarTulad loculobda Semdegi sityvebiT: `ufalo ieso, RmerTo Cemo, Cemi sicocxlis Semqmnelo, Semibrale me~ (georgika, II, gv. 251). qarTulad, cxadia locvebi arsebobda, magram iyvnen Tu ara isini Cawerilni qarTuladve? petres biografebi, romelnic kargad icnobdnen petres siymawvilis garemos, weren, rom berZnuli da asuruli enebi petrem qarTlSi ar icoda, aramed iswavla konstantinopolsa da ierusalimSi. es araa gasakviri, radganac igi mxolod 12 wli s a g aemgz av ra uc x eT Si. memat i an e wers, pet rem konstantinopolSi `daiswavla ena berZnuli da swavla~ (Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, gv. 224), xolo ierusalimSi `iswavla ena da swavla asurebrivi~ (iqve, gv. 224). maSasadame, V s. aTian wlebSi patara petre ibers saRmrTo werils ar aswavlidnen arc berZnul da arc asurul enebze, Cans, unda eswavla qarTulad. aRsaniSnavia, rom somxuri anbani mxolod 406 wels Seqmna mesrop maStocma. rogorc petre iberis biografiidan SeiZleba gavigoT, wmida werilis raRac nawili qarTulad im droisaTvis ukve arsebobda da, Cans, Cawerili iyo qarTuli asoebiTve. swored mas kiTxulobda `dRe da Ram~ 9 wlis manZilze (3 wlidan 12 wlamde) patara petre saqarTveloSi. rogorc iTqva, amitomac araa SemTxveviTi, rom mis mier aSenebul monasterSi aRmoCnda qarTuli warwerebi, erT-erTi uZvelesi dRemde cnobil warweraTa Soris. am warwerebSi naxsenebi arian antoni, abai da iosia. isini SesaZlebelia iyvnen wmida werilis pirvelmTargmnelTa pleadis wevrebi. am mosazrebis gamoTqmis uflebas gvaZlevs Semdegi garemoeba, saqarTvelos patriarqi kalistrate cincaZe ikvlevda pirvelqarTvel mTargmnelTa vinaobas da igi arqeologTa mier palestinis qarTuli warwerebis aRmoCenamde TiTqmis naxevari saukuniT adre werda: `petre maiumelis mier agebul monasterSi unda mieRoT TavSesafari pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelebs samSoblos gareT - stefanesa da daviTs... amave monasterSi unda ecxovraT da emoRvawaT sxva mTargnelebs antonsa da sabas, romelTa saxelebic moixsenieba wm. giorgi mTawmidelis piradad mcnobis, efrem kiriles Zis CanawerSi (Gfktcnbycrbb c,jhybr, X, c= 181)~ (saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 176).

maSasadame, Zveli qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis cnobili iyo pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelTa saxelebi, eseni iyvnen: daviT, stefane, antoni da saba. palestinis qarTul warwerebSi ixseniebian: antoni, abai da iosia. miiCneva, rom aba antoni iyo abati anu winamZRvari. Tumca SesaZloa aq iyo ori kacis saxeli antoni da aba, mesame ki aris iosia. maT monastris iatakis dagebisaTvis uzruniaT, Tumca ki Zveli qarTuli cnobebiT, isini mTargmnelebi yofilan. maSasadame, SeiZleba gamoiTqvas varaudi, rom palestinis qarTvelTa monastris warwerebma Semogvinaxa erT-erTi pirveli mTargmnelebis saxelebi - antonisa da abaisa, anu igive sabasi (`abai~ - Zveleburi saxelia, romlisaganac aris nawarmoebi gvari abaiSvili da sxva gvarebi). cxadia, IV-V saukuneebSi unda eRvawa mTargmnelTa ara erT, aramed ramdenime Taobas, is Targmanebi, romliTac swavlobda petre iberi siWabukis wlebSi, albaT veRar akmayofilebda gazrdil moTxovnilebebs, yovelSemTxvevaSi, k.kekeliZis Tanaxmad, 476-483 wlebisaTvis, roca qarTulad daiwera wm. SuSanikis martviloba `saRmrTo werili ukve karga xani Targmnili iyo qarTulad~ (k.kekeliZe, I, gv. 90). es Targmna, misi azriT, saqarTveloSi mimdinareobda, magram ierusalims gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda. k.p. kalistrates sityviT, Zveli qarTuli tradicia, pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelTa samoRvaweo ared saqarTvelos garda miiCnevda ierusalims.

ioane lazi - qarTuli samwerlo enis saTaveebTan qarTuli saeklesio istoriografia petre ibers akavSirebda qarTvel mTargmnelobiT skolasTan. am skolis wevri unda yofiliyo petres moZRvari da aRmzrdeli, ganuyreli megobari ioane lazi. s.yauxCiSvilis TvalsazrisiT, ioane lazi iyo kolxeTis cnobili ritorikuli skolis warmomadgeneli, ramdenime aTeuli wliT petre iberze ufrosi. ioane lazi qarTul saeklesio saRvTismetyvelo anbanis fuZismdebelTa da mTargmnelTa wris aqtiur wevrad unda vigulisxmoT, saerTod, V saukunis I naxevris qarTuli mTargmnelobiTi skolis meTaurad Tu ara liderad mainc miaCnda petre iberi ZvelqarTul istoriografias. miT umetes, misi moZRvari da aRmzrdeli ioane lazi am wres ganekuTvneboda. s.yauxCiSvili

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maT agebulad miiCnevs palestinis im qarTul monasters, sadac aRmoCnda uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi. ioane lazis da petre iberis, saerTod, dasavlel da aRmosavlel qarTvelTa aqtiur urTierTTanamSromlobis Sedegad unda Camoyalibebuliyo is saocari Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo ena, romelic moicavda sruliad saqarTveloSi arsebul dialeqtebs da iqvemdebarebda maT. rogorc cnobilia, saqarTveloSi saeklesio, RvTismsaxurebis, saliteraturo da kulturis enas warmoadgenda mxolod ZvelqarTuli ena. saqarTveloSi arasodes Seqmnila raime Txzuleba anda ubralo warwerac ki, romelime dialeqtze anda romelime kuTxur enaze. aseTi enebi da dialeqtebi ki Zvel dros albaT mravlad unda yofiliyo. magram saqarTveloSi arsebuli enebi da dialeqtebi im droisaTvis, 1500 wlis win, erTmaneTTan Zalze axlos unda yofiliyvnen da erTmaneTisagan naklebi gansxvaveba unda hqonodaT, vidre maT axla aqvT. rogorc cnobilia, erT dros qarTuli, megruli da svanuri enebi erT enobriv mTlianobas qmnidnen, mxolod Semdgom, aTaswleulTa manZilze daSordnen isini erTmaneTs. farnavazis mier erTiani, dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos momcveli saxelmwifos warmoSobis, mociqulTa qadagebaTa da qarTuli saliteraturo enis Camoyalobebis dros, Cans, mTel saqarTveloSi jer kidev esmodaT is erTiani ena, romelic safuZvlad dasdebia RvTismsaxurebas. ivane javaxiSvil wers, rom am saliteraturo enis SemuSavebaSi monawileoba miuRia dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelobas, romlis realur warmomadgenladac ioane lazi unda vigulisxmoT. mecnieri werda - `qarTvel ers Tavis mravalsaukunovani saxelmwifoebrivi da samwerlo enac hqonda da abadia dResac, romelic megrelebisa da svanebisTvisac erTaderTi samwerlo da kulturis ena iyo da aris dResac, romlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSic megrelebsa da svanebsac TavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. I, 1979, gv. 154). kidev ufro meti, jer kidev warmarTobis dros, e.i. IV saukunemde yvela qarTul tomTaTvis, maT Soris, samegrelosa da svaneTSic kultmsaxurebis ena iyo qarTuli ena. ivane javaxiSvili wers: `cxadia xdeba, rom aramcTu sazogadod yvela qarTvel tomTaTvis. maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvis saerTo warmarToba arsebobda, aramed warmarTobi s saerTo terminologiac, saerTo enac qarTuli hqonda~ (iqve, gv. 154). ra iyo amis mizezi?~ rogorc aRiniSna, protoqarTveluri TandaTan

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daiSala, jer mas, rogorc fiqroben, gamoeyo svanuri ena, erTi enis adgilas miRebuli iqna ori ena: eseni iyvnen e.w. zanqarTuli ena da svanuri ena. zan qarTuli ena Semdgom daiSala aseve or enad - megrul da qarTul enebad. am erTobis daSlis dasawyisad miiCneva qristeSobamde VIII saukune (saq. ist. narkevevi, I, gv. 338). TiTqmis amave xanaSi, qristeSobamde IV-III saukuneebSi Camoyalibda dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos momcveli farnavazis saxelmwifo. farnavazis reformaTa Sedegad am saxelmwifoSi sxva enebi `ar izraxeboda, Tvinier qarTulisa enisa~. im droindeli qarTuli ena unda yofiliyo jer kidev TiTqmis dauSleli e.w. `zan-qarTuli~ ena. Cans, es ena daedo safuZvlad Zvel qarTul warmarTul kultmsaxurebas, Semdeg ki qarTul saqristiano RvTismsaxurebas, sabolod ki Zvel qarTul saliteraturo enas. Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo ena amozrdili unda yofiliyo e.w. zan-qarTuli enidan. maSasadame, Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo ena aRmocenda ara qarTis dialeqtis bazidan, aramed im droisaTvis jer kidev TiTqmis mTlian, TiTqmis dauSlel zan-qarTuli enidan. amis gamo iyo, rom Zveli qarTuli ena ar ganekuTvneboda arc erT dialeqts, arc-erT regions, igi warmoadgenda dialeqtebze maRla mdgom saerTo enas, romelic pirvel saukuneebSive gasagebi iyo yvela qarTvelisaTvis, maT Soris megrelebisa da svanebisaTvis. Tavidanve igi iyo sakraluri, wminda, locvisa da urTierTobis ena. amitomac dganan ioane lazi da sxva dasavleli qarTveli moRvaweebi (SesaZloa evagre pontoelic) qarTuli samwerlo da kulturis enis Seqmna-SemuSavebis saTaveebTan. am didi samuSaos centrebi iyvnen monastrebi saqarTvelosa da palestinaSi. petre iberma da ioane lazma ierusalimsa da palestinaSi ramdenime monasteri aaSenes, monastri aaSenes egvipteSic ki. biografi zaqaria wers, rom ierusalimSi petrem da ioanem `aRaSenes saxli sastumroi qalaqsa Sida da moamzades ferxTa sabaneli, tablai, da cxedari da ganusvenes ucxoTa~ (Zveli qarTuli agiograf. lit. Zeglebi, II, gv. 229), `merme warvides udabnod da Sekribnes Zmani mravlad da aRaSenes monasteri (iqve, gv. 229). mas `hqvian qarTvelTa monasteri~ ucxo wyaroebi mas `lazTa monasters~ uwodeben. iberi da lazi im droisaTvis sinonimebi iyvnen. aq dakrZales ioane lazi. iqamde ki maT `iordanes pirsa adgilsa

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udabnosa iSenes monasteri~, egvipteSi `udabnosa mas aRaSenes eklesiai da garemos monasteri~ (iqve, gv. 235). ierusalimSi dabrunebis Semdeg ki `kualad aRaSenes qalaqsa saxli sastumroi da iwyes Senebad eklesiisa~ (iqve, gv. 235). monofizitebis devnisagan dabrunebis Semdeg `gareSe qalaqisa aRaSena monasteri da eklesia Suenieri, Sekribna Zmani mravalni da ganuwesa maT wesi da kanoni sulieri da saRmrTo~ (iqve, gv. 247). ierusalimisaken qarTvelTa ltolvas wmida ninos dros unda Cahyroda safuZveli. ierusalimSi gaemgzavrnen misi mSoblebi, iq apirebdnen gamgzavrebas wm. ninos rifsimiani qalwulebi. wmida ninos qadagebaTa Sedegad qarTvelTa mefe mirians ierusalimSi augia monasteri im adgilas, sadac gadmocemis Tanaxmad mouWriaT xe, romlisaganac gakeTebul jvarze gaakres macxovari. `cxovelmyofelisa juarisa adgilsa~ mgdari jvris monasteri petre ibers ganuaxlebia vaxtang gorgasalis dros.

petre iberis biografebi petre iberi mis Tanamedrove adamianebs wmidanad miaCndaT. mematianis sityviT, petre ibersa da ioane lazs ierusalimisaken `win uZRodaT sueti naTlisai~. qarTuli eklesia XVIII saukunis II naxevramde mas moixseniebda 2 dekembers, radganac marTlmadideblad Tvlida. sinamdvileSi vin iyo petre iberi, marTlmadidebeli anu qalkedoniti Tu monofiziti~? Cvenamde moRweulia petre iberis ramdenime biografia dawerili TviT mis mowafeTa mier. am biografiebs, mkvlevarTa azriT erTi wyaro unda hqondes. safiqrebelia, rom daiwera erTi biografia, romelic Semdeg gadakeTebul iqna sxvadasxva sarwmunoebis aRmsarebelTa mier TavianTi rwmenis Sesabamisad, xolo avtoroba sxvadasxva pirebs moaweres. ioane rufuss, petres mowafes, V s. bolos Tu VI s. dasawyisSi (500-518 wlebSi) dauweria petre iberis biografia berZnul enaze. dedani dakargulia, darCenilia VI s-Si Sesrulebuli siriuli Targmani (s.yauxCiSvili, qarTlis cxovrebis moculoba da Sedgeniloba, q.c. I, gv. 032), unda vifiqroT, rom siriulad am originalis mTargmneli monofiziti iyo, amitomac petre

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monofizitad warmoaCina. aseve dakargulia misi meore biografis zaqaria ritoris berZnulenovani dedani, darCenilia misi asuruli Targmani kompilatoris mier Sesrulebuli 554-555 wlebSi (s.yauxCiSvili, zaqaria reqtori, georgika, III, 1936 w., gv. VII). mTargmneli da kompilatori monofizitebi unda yofiliyvnen. yvelaze ufro sandod, qarTul eklesiaSi TiTqmis aTaswleulis manZilze miaCndaT petres mowafis zaqarias mier asurul enaze dawerili Sroma, romelic qarTulad uTargmnia makari xucess, mesxs. es zaqaria petres konstantinopolsa da ierusalimSi gahyolia qarTlidanve, icnobda mas siWabukidan sikvdilamde. misi cnobebiT, petre iyo qalkedoniti, marTlmadidebeli. marTlac, samive avtorTan daculi cnobebi TiTqosda ufro imas miuTiTebs, rom petre ar iyo monofiziti, da aRiarebda imave sarwmunoebrv mimarTulebas, romelsac mis dros mxars uWerda konstantinopolis samefo kari da kaTolike e.i. imJamindeli sayovelTao anu msoflio eklesia. kerZod, TviT ioane rufusidan Cans, rom monofizit Razis mcxovreblebs, romelTac petre Seipyres da Seborkili miiyvanes episkoposad sakurTxeblad, petre Zalze ewinaaRmdegeboda, surda gadavardna simaRlidan da dasaxiCreba, ketavda saxlis karebsa da urdulebs, am dros mematianes sityviT Razelebi yaCaRTa urdosaviT eqceoda petres, iZulebiT kurTxevis Semdeg petre ar asrulebda liturgias, Caiketa oTaxSi, undoda gaqceva, ramac ise aRaSfoTa Razelebi, rom undodaT eklesiis gadawva, Semdeg petre gaiqca egvi pteSi, sadac imaleboda da Tavs irCenda Tavisi SromiT, kerZod, qsovda badeebs da Tavis xeliT yidda (georgika, II, gv. 285-286). igives wers zaqaria ritoric, kerZod, roca monofizitma ierusalimelma patriarqma episkoposad iZulebiT akurTxa petre, misi survilis winaaRmdeg, petrem Tavisi Tavi gamoacxada eretikosad (e.i. qalkedonitad), radganac monofizitebisaTvis qalkedonitebi eterikosebi iyvnen (georgika, III, 1936, gv. 4). roca ierusalimSi ukan dabrunda ierusalimis qalkedoniti patriarqi iubinali, man yvela episkoposi gadaayena petres garda. ratom? Cans, petres qalkedonituri mimarTulebis gamo, qalkedonitTa mxardamWerma samefo ojaxmac daicva petre `keisris brZanebiT petre xeluxlebeli darCa~ (iqve, gv. 5). rogorc Cans, petre mxars uWerda zenonis henotikons, romelsac maSin aRiarebda kaTolike (e.i. sayovelTao, msoflio) eklesiac. mxolod Semdgom, ukve petres sikvdilis Semdeg

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xangrZlivi kamaTi monofizitebTan damTavrda qalkedonitTa gamarjvebiT. qarTulad SemorCenili petres mowafis zaqarias cnobiT, petre iberi iyo Tavdadebuli qalkedoniti marTlmadidebeli. aseTive iyo misi ojaxis wevrebic ki - `ese ukue mefe varazbakur iyo marTlmadidebeli da didad RmrTis msaxuri mamismameulad da mxurvale sarwmunoebasa zeda~ (Zveli qarT. agiog. literaturis Zeglebi, II, 1967, gv. 215). mis mixedviT petre maiumis episkoposad akurTxes qalkedonis krebamde (magram Tanamedrove mecnierTa mier aRiarebulia, rom petre maiumis episkoposad akurTxes 452 wels, kalkedonis krebis Semdeg), e.i. safuZveli ecleba petres monofizit episkoposad gamocxadebas, biografis cnobiT, qalkedonis momxre petre ebrZoda mis mowinaaRmdege severianelebsa da iakobitebs (iqve, gv. 243). CvenebiT ixila rogor sjida ufali monofizitebs. marTlmadideblebs ki angelozebi `aRiyvandes suliTa zecad~ (gv. 444). monofizitebs undodaT petres mokvla, petrem mkvlelebs kari ar gauRo uflis xmis gagon ebis Semdeg (gv. 245 ). man gan icada monofizitebisagan devna, misi Tanamgzavri am dros iyo mematiane (gv. 245), romelic wers, rom me `zaqaria mowafe viyavi misi qarTliTganve, ukana Sevudeg wmidasa mas vidre micvalebamde misa, aRvwere cxovreba misa da saswaulni TvaliTa CemiTa xilulni da yuriTa smenilni~ (iqve, gv. 262). petre ukve V saukunidanve aris `samkauli da siqaduli qarTvelTa~ (iqve, gv. 263) TiTqosda Semdegi drois (XVIII-XX s.s.) qarTvelebs mematiane eubneba, rom petres monofizitad gamocxadebiT, Seirya Teoria qarTvelTa ubiwo sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb, misi biografiis mTargmneli werda - `vinaiTgan eqadaga qadageba igi wmidisa qristes saxarebisa mociqulisa andrias mier queyanasa, mas qarTlisasa, viTarca daswers nikita saRmrToi, da ukanasknel moivlina dedai nino mieriTgan arRara odes midrekil ars queyana qarTlisa wmidisa da marTlisa sarwmunmoebisagan, arca movdrkeT ukunisamde~ (iqve, gv. 216).

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monofizitobis gaZiereba XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi da petre iberis xsenebis gauqmeba petre iberis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvi Seitanes mxolod XVIII-XIX s-Si. ra unda yofiliyo amis mizezi? saqme isaa, rom mxolod qarTul biografiaSi Cans misi marTlmadidebloba, yvela zemoaRniSnuli ucxouri biografiis mixedviT igi monofizitia. rogoc Cans, XVIIII s-Si, romelic CvenSi cnobilia, rogorc saqarTveloSi monofizituri agresiis saukune (XVIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi dapyrobil saqarTveloSi sparseTi devnida qarTul (e.i. marTlmadideblur) eklesias da abatonebda somxur anu monofizitur eklesias), am dros, Cans, CvenSi cnobili gaxda, rom ucxour wyaroTa Tanaxmad petre monofizitad iyo cnobili. es ucxouri wyaroebi somexma swavlulebma gamoiyens qarTuli eklesiis sawinaaRmdegod (e.i. qarTvelebs umtkicebdnen, rom petre iberi monofozitebs emxroboda am sarwmunoebis sisworis gamo), amitomac, Cans, qarTvelebma kalendridan amoiRes petre iberis xseneba da misi saxelic amoSales. xolo rac Seexeba qarTul saeklesio istoriografias (romlis daskvniTi Sromebi CanarTis saxiT SehqondaT `qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebulebSi) XIX s. Sua wlebamde igi petre ibers miiCnevda qalkedonitad. erT-erTi aseTi bolo krebuli `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ 1839 wliTaa daTariRebuli. anton kaTolikosma 2 dekembers kalendarSi Seitana ise wilknelis xseneba, romlis cxovreba dawerilia besarion kaTalikosis (1730-1736) mier. es ukanaskneli Tavisi dogmatikurpolemikuri TxzulebiT `grdemli~ ebrZoda kaTolikobas da agreTve ebrZoda monofizitobasac. XVIII saukunis qarTul istoriografiaSi petre iberis mimarT damkvidrda ori midgoma. erTis mxriv, vaxtang VI-is samefo karma da swavlul kacTa komisiam saqarTvelos eklesiis upirveles saxelmZRvaneloSi `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ CarTo petre iberis cxovreba da moRvaweoba, rogorc qarTuli eklesiis erT-erTi upirvelesi wmidanisa, cxadia, viTarca marTlmadidebelqalkedonitisa, meores mxriv, vaxtang VI-is memkvidreTa mowinaaRmdege erekle Teimurazis momxre sasuliero dasma piriqiT, wmida petre iberis xsenebis dRes 2 dekembers kalendarSi ise wilknelis xseneba daawesa.

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osmalTa mier vaxtang VI-is gaZevebis Semdeg, vaxtangis momxre kaTalikosi domenti IV (1705-41) gaixizna, mis nacvlad gamgebelma iesem daniSna besarion orbeliani, magram osamlebma isev domenti daamtkices kaTlikosad, da igi 1725 wels osmaleTSi gaiwvies, mis nacvlad kaTalikosad kvlav besarioni dadga. saqarTvelos eklesias mis dros faqtiurad ori kaTalikosi hyavda. erTi stambolSi gawveuli domenti, meore ki mis adgilze myofi besarioni. maT Soris politikuri xasiaTis dapirispirebani arsebobda. `besarioni didi megobari iyo iase mefisa da vaxtang VI-s mtrobda, amitom 1727 w. iases daxmarebiT nel-nela miimxro isay-faSa Seapara qrTami, miiRo kaTalikosoba~ (p. karbelaSvili, ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, 1990, gv. 139). rac petre iberis pirovnebis Sefasebis sxvadasxvagvarobaSi gamoixata. Tu swavlul kacTa komisiam da vaxtang VI-m Zalze gazardes petre iberis avtoriteti, misma mowinaaRmdeg sasuliero dasma, rogorc iTqva, misi saxsenebeli kalendridan amoagdo. magram, Cans am qmedebas mTeli eklesia ar eTanxmeboda da petre iberis xseneba (ukve 3 dekembers) XVIII s. II naxevris xelnawerebSic gvxvdeba, viTarca wmidanisa, magaliTad, aseTia xelnawerTa institutis e.w. `axali fondis~ Q-646 xelnaweri. petre iberi, viTarca wmidani 3 dekembers moixsenieba, rogorc iTqva, Q-646 da H-342 (1661 w.) xelnawerebSi, 2 dekembers A-193 (XI s.) da Q-661 (XVI s.) da sxva xelnawerebSi. sabolood, unda iTqvas, rom Cven ufro unda vendoT marTlmadideblobis brwyinvale burjebs - XI da Semdeg saukuneTa moRvaweebs, romelTac petre iberis marTlmadideblobaSi odnavi eWvic ki ar SeqondaT, vidre politikur niadagze warmoSobil XVIII s. moRvaweTa qmedebebs. icnobdnen Tu ara petre iberis cxovrebas eqvTime mTawmindelamde? cnobebi moRweuli ar aris, magram unda gaviTvaliswinoT sxva wmidanebis moxseniebis msgavsi SemTxvevebi. magaliTad, k.kekeliZe miiCnevda, rom `cnoba ninos qadagebis Sesaxeb IX-X saukuneebSi ikidebs fexs CvenSi~ (k.kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. I, gv. 335). k.kekeliZe cdeba, cnobebi wmida ninos Sesaxeb CvenSi cxadia arsebobda IV saukunidanve, magram sxvadasxva mizezTa, maT Soris IX-X ss-mdeli Zvel xelnawerebis Cvenamde mouwvdomlobis gamo iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom `cnoba wmida ninos qadagebis

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Sesaxeb CvenSi fexs ikidebs IX-X saukuneebSi~, msgavsia cnobebi sxva wmindanebis Sesaxebac. amJamad cnobili zogierTi wmidanis cxovreba ucnobi iyo Zveli sazogadoebisaTvis, magaliTad, grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis Sesaxeb cnobebi daviwyebuli iyo ukve XI saukuneSi, da mis Sesaxeb cnobebs eZebdnen, Tumca ki icodnen, rom aseTi wmidani arsebobda (ix. almanaxi `mwignobari~, 2000, gv. 185). magaliTad, misi xsenebis dRisaTvis erT xelnawerSi CauweriaT - `oqtombersa xuTsa, wmidisa mamisa Cvenisa grigoli xanZTelisa qarTvelTaganisa. ara viciT ra~ (q.tatiSvili, gr. xanZTelis ucnobi miniatura, mwignobari, 2000, gv. 185). XVIIXVIII saukuneebamde ar arsebobda wmida grigolis arc `kanoni~ (e.i. sagaloblebi) da arc `gangeba~. rogoc cobilia, eqvTime mTawmindelma 1011 wels Targmna grigol romis papis `dialoRoni~, romelSic moxseniebulia petre iberielis ambavi. k.kekeliZis azriT, es petre SesaZlebelia iyo ara qarTveli, aramed espaneli, magram TviTon wmida eqvTimes TvalsazrisiT, es petre iyo `naTesaviT qarTveli~, romelic iyo `qarTlis qveyanaSi~ (ix. k.kekeliZe, Zv. qarTuli literaturis istoria, gv. 203). wmida eqvTime mTawmidelidan vidre XVIII s-mde da nawilobriv dRemde miiCneva, rom romis pap grigol dioloRoss swored wmida petre qarTvelis cxovreba hqonda aRwerili (Targmnili wm. eqvTimes mier), amitomac qarTlis cxovrebis CanarTSi wmida petres Sesaxeb naTqvamia - `rameTu aravin SemZlebel iyo qebad missa, garna grigoli dialoRi, patriarqi romisa, romel aRwera qeba misi wignsa Sina Tvissa~ (Teimuraziseuli nusxa). amasve, imeorebs qarTlis cxovrebis sxva (meore) CanarTic. qarTvel eklesias mravali wmidani hyavs, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom yvelas ara aqvs agiografiuli sakiTxavebi, cxovrebani, sagaloblebi da sxva. am mxriv petre iberis saeklesioliturgikuli sakiTxavebi mTlianad srulyofilia. maTSi TiTqmis mudmivad gvxvdeba Txovani petre iberis mimarT, sadac mas uwodeben `qarTvelTa siqaduls~, `mnaTobs da brwyinvalebas qarTvelTa erisasa~, `qarTvelTa erisa varskvlavs~. `mnaTobad qveyanasa qarTvelisasa aRmoscendi~, `zRudeo morwmuneTa qarTvelTao~, `ersa qarTvelTa, xsenebisa Senisa Semsxmeli da yoveli madidebeli Senni daicven gansacdelisagan~, aRmohxed

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Sen Zirisagan keTilTa mefeTa ... mieniWe RmrTisagan xarebiTa angelozisaiTa, viTarca didi winamorbedi~, `ersa qarTvelTa da mefesa Cvensa morwmunesa hfarevdi da meox gveyav Cven yovelTaTvis~, `viSvebT qarTvelTa eri aRmocenebisa SenisaTvis~, dRes ganscxrebis ... eri qarTvelTa~ (areopagiteli krebuli, dionise areopageli da petre iberieli ZvelqarTul mwerlobaSi, gamosacemad momzada ivane lolaSvilma, 1982, gv. 173-191). petre iberi iyo `mnaTobi qarTvelTa erisa~, es niSnavs, rom igi iyo sulieri winamZRvari, romlisakenac miiswrafoda qarTveli xalxi, XVIII s-Si ki moulodnelad aRmoaCines, rom ucxour wyaroebSi petre iberi monofizitobis burjad miiCneoda, am wyaroebs somexi da kaTolike misionerebi mTel qarTvel xalxSi mravlad avrcelebdnen, amiT saqarTveloSi monofizituri eklesiis avtoriteti kidev ufro mtkicdeboda, qarTvelebi im mnaTobisaken miiswrafodnen, rac axla ukve maT gamonofizitebas uwyobda xels. es iyo `sqolastikuri xafangi~, romelic qarTvel morwmuneebs dauges somexma swavlulebma. evsevi nikolaZe wers - `XVIII s. dasawyisidan mxiTarianebis nawarmoebni Zlier gavrceldnen somexTa Soris da misces saSualeba maT samRvdeloebas saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebisa. evropeli mwerlebis sqolasturi nawarmoebni, romlebic somxur enaze gadmoiTargmna gaxdnen axal wyarod sarwmunoebrivi davisa, xerxianobam, romelic gansakuTrebiT aristoteles logikas emyareboda, somexTa misionrebis monofizituri propaganda, romelic winaT daiwyo, gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda areulobis dros saqarTveloSi, mefe ieses sikvdilis Semdeg, Teimiraz meoris qarTlSi gamefebamde (1724-1744) da umaRles wertilze avida kaTalikos anton pirvelis mmarTvelobis pirvel wlebSi (1744-49). am propagandam didi zarali moutana marTlmadideblobas saqarTveloSi... mTeli xramis uReltexili, borCalos mazra da alaznis gaRma mxare savse iyo somexTa misionerebiT, romlebic sqolastikurad ganaTlebulni didad cdilobdnen, rom saqarTvelos politikur ubedurebas Tan mimat eboda sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqileba. somexTa mwvalebloba warmatebiT vrceldeboda qarTvelTa Soris...~ (e.nikolaZe, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, 1918, gv. 144). miT umetes, rom am dros msoflio izolaciaSi myofi qarTveli moazrovneebi somexi swavlulebis SromaTa gacnobas Seudgnen evropuli civilizaciis aTvisebis

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mizniT konstantinopolis TurqTagan dapyrobis kvaldakval, kerZod, qarTvelebs somxuridan uTargmniaT simon julfaelis dialeqtika, `kategoriani aristotelebrni~, mxiTar sevastielis gramatika, misive ritorika, prokle diadoxosis `kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTni~, daviT uZlevelis `wigni sazRvarTa~, `porfori~, aristoteles naSromi da sxva. amasTanave, somexi mecnierebisa da swavlulebis mier gaxsnil skolebSi swavlobdnen Cveni marTlmadidebeli mRvdelmTavrebi. somexi avetik episkoposis mowafeni yofilan fili pe yaiTmazaSvili (somexTa moZRvari), mdivanbegi ioane orbeliani, nikoloz mRvdeli kaxTa mefis karisa, Tavis mxriv, am filipem somexTa moZRvarma filosofiaSi aRzarda gaioz reqtori, dosiTeos nekreseli episkoposi, oses Ze, nikoloz qiziyeli, anton cagerel-Wyondideli da sxv., varTapetma zaqaria madinaSvilma `aswava mravalTa qarTvelTa da somexTa safilofosofno werilni~, werda ioane batoniSvili, TviTon antonic aRiarebda, rom mas zaqariam somexTa moZRvarma auxsna `dafaruloba aristotelisa~. aseT viTarebaSi, roca evropul civilizaciasTan uSualod dkavSirebuli somxuri mecniereba (magaliTad, mxiTaristebisa), wyaroebis damowmebiT kerZod ioane rufusis da zaqaria ritoris monofizituri redaqciebis daxmarebiT amtkicebda petre iberis monofozotobas, qarTvelebs ki ar SeeZloT am wyaroebis analizi, erTaderTi gza iyo petre iberis xsenebis kalendridan amoReba, raTa, rogorc iTqva, mas xeli ar Seewyo qarTvelTa gamonofizitebis procesis kidev ufro gaRrmavebisaTvis. antoni win aRudga monofizitobis gavrcelebas mecnieruli sityviT. `vinaidan~ somexTa misionerebi Tavis swavlas sqolastikasa da somxuri eklesiis istoriaze amyarebdnen, antoni iZulebuli gaxda gacnoboda am wyaroebs laTinur-somxur enaze da Semdeg somexi mwvaleblebis gansaqiqeblad dawera didi Txzuleba, romelsac `mza metyveleba~ uwoda. es nawarmoebi Seicavs monofozoturi moZRvrebis srul ganqiqebas da masSi yoveli kaci ipovis mza pasuxs mwvalebelTa yovel kiTxvaze~ (e.nikolaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 147). amJamad, roca ukve cnobilia, rom ioane rufusis, petres biografis, berZnuli dedani dakargulia da Cvenamde moRweulia mxolod VI saukunis siriuli Targmani, Sesrulebuli monofiziti redaqtoris mier, aseve, roca viciT, rom zaqaria ritoris, petres meore biografis berZnulenovani dedani

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dakargulia da misi asuruli Targmania moRweuli Sesrulebuli monofiziti kompilatoris mier, rogorc iTqva, yvelaze sandod unda miviCnioT qarTul eklesiaSi aTaswleulis manZilze aRiarebuli petres mowafis zaqarias mier dawerili Sroma, romlidanac naTlad Cans petres marTlmadidebluri aRmsarebloba `iyo marTlmadidebeli da didad RmrTis msaxuri mamis mameulad da mxurvale sarwmunoebasa zeda uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristessa, rameTu vinaiTgan eqadaga qadagebani igi wmidisa qristes saxarebisa wmidisa da didebulisa qristes mociqulisa andreas mier queyanasa mas qarTlisasa, viTarca dasweres nikita saRmrToi filosofosi `mimosvlasa Sina da qadagebaTa wmidisa andrea mociqulisaTa~, da ukanasknel miivlina wmida nino qveyanasa misve qarTlisasa qristes mier da iswaves RmrTis msaxurebai da hrwmena wmida samebai da naTel-iRes saxelsa zeda wmidisa samebisasa qadagebiTa miT wmidaTa mociqulTa, mierTagan arRara odes midrekil ars queyana igi qarTlisa wmidisa da marTlisa saarwmunoebisagan da arca mivdrikeT ukunisamde madliTave wmidisa samebisaiTa da meoxebiT yovlad wmidis dedoflisa RmrTis-mSoblisaiTa sasoisa mis da mfarvelisa CvenisaiTa~ (cxovrebai da moqalaqeobai wmidis da netarisa mamisi Cuenisa petre qarTvelisai, romeli iyo Ze qarTvelTa mefisai~, xseneba Tvesa dekembersa b). 4.04.2001

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mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis avtorobiT gamocemuli wignebi: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. qarTvelTa winaprebis bibliuri istoria, Tb., 1994; qarTuli eklesia XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1994; Soba, jvarcma, aRdgoma da amaRleba uflisa, RvTisa da macxovrisa ieso qristesi, 1995; deda eklesia, 1996; saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996; saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, 1997; saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. III, 1999; qarTveli eris warmoSobis Sesaxeb, 1997 saingilo (qarTvelTa galekeba), 1998; mesxeTi (qarTvelTa gamahmadianeba), 1998; saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria (mokle redaqcia), saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1998; lazeTi-TrialeTi (qarTvelTa gaberZneba), Tb., 1999; qarTl-kaxeTi (qarTvelTa gasomxeba), 1999; afxazeTi (qarTvelTa `gaafxazeba~), 2001; qarTveli xalxis momzadeba macxovris misaRebad, 2001; petre iberi marTlmadidebeli episkoposi, 2002; qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo) enis Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis (ioane lazi), 2002; saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis wyaroebi, periodizacia da saeklesio istoriografia, Tb., 2002.

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