@

ubsH;yRA1AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA @
w>y&XvXunDzdcJvXmt*D>
b.w>xk;xD.tDRp;xD.A2733AunDeH.
www.kwekalu.net
AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A

A•Au-wL> (12)A tbh. (7) AAAAAA AAAAAAAAA•Ark>ysJR<A qH;q.vgxD.A12AoD<A2748AunDeH. A AAAAAAAAA•AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD<A2009 eH.

bsH;'0J>ursX>b.0H'h.0Hur> e;pX'hxlch.§uGJRuvk>
pJ;yxhbX.A10oD<A2009eH.

urRtD.w>t*D>[D.cd.
wtd.<Aw>rR{D>wtd.<A'fod;[H.
zdCDzdutD.b.t*D>zgwH>pDRol(w
rh> rHR eD> uD> ) p; xD.[H;vd> ph 'fod; yOR
tD.[ko;o'D.tk.uM>t*D>vDRIA
weH.0HRweH.'h.ur>wz.tgxD.
uU>uU>'D; vd;uhR0J w M>b.'D; vXcH
t[D.cd.vXtd.'D;tDR b.[h.vDR
uGHm0JqlySR'd;vd>phtpkylRvDRIAcJtHR
w>vX ttd.wh>'D; zgwH> pDR ol rh>'.
'h.ur>'D;w>ud>w>*DRvXutD.
b.vXweHRb.weHRt*D>vDRIA
ur sX> vXt td. vX bsH;'
0J>wz.tw>td.rlzS.D ,mvDR<Ab.
td.rlvX'h.ur>zDcd.p;xD.A1997
AeH.y,DRok;w>ok;ymzSd.ql.'lo0D
wz.0HRtvD>cHM.vDRIA
zJA1997eH.unDo0Dzbs J ;H
'0J>A46 zsX. AetzA ok; ql . ql w>
vD>t*R<A70AzsX.b.w>ok;zS.d ql.
qlo0DcX.o;M.vDRIAo0DvXw>ok;
zS.d qlo0DcX.o;utd.0JA118wDR<A
ySReD.*H>w>w,mutd.A45000*R
M.vDRIA
ursX>vXtb.vJ R td .
zJw>ok;ql.vD>wz.t[D.cd.u
yHmvXuzH;tD.rRtD.wtd.<Aw>rR
wtd.'D;w>zD.CH;t0Joh.vXu[J
w>*DR=uGJRuvk>

uhRxD.rRtD.uhRt0DvXtb.ym
wD>0Jwz.M.vDRIA
uG>qlubsH;yRA6 wbsu D nDursX>wz.td.
ySRvD>td.urSHzJuD>&h.bsH;'0J><AuyFD.[D.u0DR qlubs;H yRA22

AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009 1 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA September 30, 2009

qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA2AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAA

AÔAw>Clw>zd; AÔAw>rkmw>ck.

tw>xH. AAÔAw>obVAAAAAAÔAw>xJod;wkRod;

tw>ymo; AunDw>y&XobVA;AobVvX=qSX[h.w>upD.<AobVvX=w>uGJ;w>upD.<AAobVvX=yJmz;eDRz;w>

w>yX>qXcd.e>ub.ul.vdmtd.oud;'D;ursX>
zJvgtDulmxD.cHEGHwEGH<AunDuvkmcd.e>zJuD>bsH;uD>'0J>wz.ul.vdmtd.oud;'D;uG>u'guhR
0Jb.rEkRtCdvXunDw>yX>qXteH.A60Abs.J tHRwrReXRw>'H;b.vJ.tzDc.d xH.0J'.vXw>yX>
qXtHRub.qJ;*JRvdm'H;0J'.w>vXunDuvkmt*D><A'D;'fod;w>rReXRutd.xD.t*D>w>ub.
ol.xD.rR*hRxD.w>*JRvdmtHRvXtoeX.wbsK;uyR'D;rRoud;w>tgxD.'D;unDuvkmxHzduD> D>
d cJvXmt*
zdM.vDRIA Dz
X vX un
w>y&
w>*JRvdmqlngtw>rReXRt*D>cd.e>cX.p;wz.ul.vdmo&dmrJoud;w>0HR'D;ym*X>ymusXR0J qlyRS z;vHmzdvXto;wDu;d *R<A
vXw>ub.ol.xD.= pH;bsK;b.ok0Jud;*RvXtz;uGJRu
1IAunDuvkmtoG.H pXRo;o[D. vk>wz.<A'D;ySRvXtqSX[h.xD.tw>uGJ;<A
2IAxH%>l uD>oJ;tw>wl>cD.ymo; xg<Aw>upD.wz.vXw>ol.td.o;td.t
3IAw>yX>qXxD'gw>wwDw-w>to;o[D. ylRM.vDRIA
4IAunD'u D vkmw>xl.zs;J ok;rk>'d.vXtySRJ *H>bg'D;uH>pDw>ohw>b. uG J R uvk > w>y&Xtw>vJ R w&H ;
5IAunD'Duvkmtw>Clw>zd;'D; o;'D;tw>b.bsK;b.zSd.M.'d;oMRxD.t
6IAunD'u D vkmpXzS.d u&XvXtwDcd.&d.rJunD'u D vkmtw>*JRvdmtHRCH;CD.'D.<AySRJ *H>bg<AuH> o;vXtySRz;vHmzdwz.tw>z;tDR<Awl>
AApDtrJmngcd.e>cX.p;vXt[Jx.D w>ul.vdmoud;rl;wbst D RH td.ph>uD;'D;w>ymo;vX< vdmtDR'D;tw>qD.xGJeDRvdmoud;w>xH.
unDuvkmtw>*JRvdmqn l gtw>rReXRt*D>u'k;td.xD.w>qJ;us;d &hvmd tw>rRvJ> M.vDRIA
vJ>CJmCJmqlyySRuvkmtod;t usg'D;w>xd.ClvXu[H;M>oud; ySRu vkm w>*JR vdm t rl t uGJRuvk>'d;M>b.w>uGJ;<Axg'D;w>
'gtHRvXtoeX.'.0Jpmk pkmvDRIA u pD. vX ySR z;vHmzd wz. ttd.xDbd vDRI A
b.q.w>uGJ;weDRw>wxXEkm0JM.u'd;o
w>yJm xHeDRz;w>td.o;ud; uyR'J; tzD cd.w>xH.M>tDRvXwkR qXu wD>tHRunDuvkm w z. MRxD.to;vXuGJRuvk>tw>bsX'D;w>uGJ;
wylRzsJ; xD.'H;vXy,DRu vkm 'd.pdoElzd ok; rDRpd&dRtw>qD.wH>rReXR'H;b.I Au nDuvkmw z. tw>*h>wqSH<A'D;wvDRwH>vDRqJ;t*h>oh.
wtd.'D;w>pH.nD.yXvDRo;cGJ;,m'D;wtd.ph>uD;'D;w>tk.uDRo;vXunDuvkmtw>td.pHm oh.vDRIA
td.usXR'D;w>vJRxD.vJRxDt*D>'H;b.M.vDRIAtrJmngwkRrk>rqgweHRtHRunDuvkmw>*JRvdm ywl> vdm w> uGJ; wz. vX t*km usJ;
tHRunDzdtg*Rto;wxlyX>'H;vXtrh>'Duvkmtw>*JRvdm<A'D;tywD>wwkRxD.b;'H;ql'Du pX;uGJ;w>vXw>qDwvJt*D><Aw>vJRxD.
vkmtw>*JRvdmy.CkmtywD>b.'D;ym'H;'.0J'ftrh>ySRw'l.tw>*JRvdm<Au&XvXtwDcd.&d.rJ vJRxD<AymzsgxD.ySRw0Xw>uDw>cJvXw>
w>yX>qXtHRtrlt'g{dRM.vDRIA -uX;Ch.vDRtDRwz.t*D>vDRIAyw[h.*H>
[h.bgw>uGJ;vXtym'h.ymur.vdmo;w
unDw>yX>qXcd.e>tw>ul.vdmtd.oud;'D;unDursX>cd.e>'D;unDxHzdu>D zdb.xG'DJ ;'Duvkm cDwXRb.I
tw>*JRvdmtw>*H>p>bgp>'D;tw>rReXRqlngt*D>rh>w>vXt&h'd.eD>eD>vXunDtw>td.pHm erh>uGJ;w>qluGJRuvk>w>y&XM.0H
td.usXRt*D>vDRIAyxH.b.vX<AvXteH.wbsK;qHtwD>ylRunDw>yX>qXcd.e>wz.tw>pDRpkR o;plR uGJ; vDR b. e rHR (CkmrHReD>eD>)<A rh> ohe
,HR'D;tursX>txHzduD>zdtzDcd.<AxHzduD>zd'D;ursX>wz.tw>e>yX>xGJ<Ao;xlyX>xG'DJ uvkmw> w>td.w>qd;tvD>'D;w>qJ;usd;vD>'fod;
*JRvdmtHRpSR'd.r;tzDc.d <Aw>EkmvDR*JRvdmoud;w>vXtoeX.'.0Jpmk pkmph>uD;pSR0JM.vDRIAtrJm uGJRuvk>cDqXuhReRuoht*D>vDRI
ngqdrd.0J'.vXw>yX>qXw>*JRvdmtHRrh>ySRwzkAwu%l>trlt'g{dR'D;w>b.xGJ'D;t0Joh.wtd.
b.<At0Jo.h rh>'.xHzu d >D zdvXt'd;yXto;'D;w>yX>qXy'd.{dRM.vDRIA vXw>qJ;usd;t*D>
Website: www.kwekalu.net
w>tHR tzDcd. unD w>yX>qXcd.e>vX tywD> '.0Jpmk pkm <AvD>cX.o;wkRvX'lo0D ub. rR pJbl; Email: kwekalu@yahoo.com
vdmto;'D;tursX>tgxD.<Aul.vdmoud;'D;ursX><A[H;M>ursX>w>[h.ul.<A'k;e>yX>ursX>vX
Address: Kwe Ka Lu
w>*JRvdmtHRwkRvDRwDRvDR<A'fod;unDzdcvXm
J to;uxlyX>'D;uEkmvDR*JRvdmoud;vXtoeX. P.O Box 11
'.0Jpmk pkmwkRvX'Duvkmw>xl.zs;J t*D>M.vDRIA Kanchanaburi 71000
Thailand

AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009 2 AAAAAAAA September 30, 2009

ubsH;yRA3AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA
'H>ch.bH.th.'D;y,DRok;c;b.'dydmrk.w*Re;e;
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgxD.A11oD
tDuml A30<A2009
zJtylRuGmH vgtDuml A26
AoDteHRA'H>ch.b.H th.ok;(ok;uhA
333) vX'loxl.uD>&h.Ab. w>
wD cd.&d.rJtDRvXuFD.rh'D;A etzA
cD.cVok;&h.A214AwzkEmk vDRxHz;
'd.x.o0Dr>k Ekmc;o0DzdtCdo0D
zd ydmrk.v Xtrh>Ar;ch.uFH.<A25A
eH.w*Rb.'dqgqguvJmt*h>ch.
tJ.,l.ymzsg0JvRD IA
bSD'd.xD.w>qg[H.*D>c&Hmzdb.[h.ph
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgxD.A7oD
tDuml A26<A2009
etzAySRb.rlb.'gvX
ttd.zJA&RrwH(rF;0wH.)0h>vXw>
wh'd.xD.0J'.y'd.w>qg[H.t*D>
Ch ql.0J'. ph rRbl.vXc&Hm zdw>
td.zSd.zJA&RrwHA[D.u0DRt*h>w>
td.zd.S o&.vXwtJ.'d;ymzsgtrHR
w*RpH;0JM.vDRIA
'fuGJRuvk>ySR[H;M>w>
upD.vXttd.zJuD>qXymzsg0Jt
od;w>td.zSd.o&.vXwtJ.'d;ym
zsgtrHRw*RpH;0JvXzJvgtDulmA
11AoDteHR'd;M>b.vHmvXw>td.
zSd.vD>u0DRttd.vXub.[h.rR
bl.AetzAy'd.tw>bSDxD.w>
qg[H.wuvD>uF;M.vDRIAA
zJvgtDulmA6AoDteHRA
etzAySRb.rlb.'gubS'D .d xD.0J
'. rF;0wH. y'd.w>qg[H.cHuxX
vXu}wD>0J'.ySRqgrHvD>A60AM.
vDRIAw>tHRtzDcd.&RrwHyXRuD>cd.
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ AAAAAAAAAAA
u&XvXt[;rRpXRw>
vXuD>ylR(FBR )tySRzJw>vD>M.
ymzsg0Jv X'H>ch.bH.th.'D ;y,DRok;
u0DRCm0J[H.vXr;ch.uFH.td.0J
M.'D;c;0JvXus<d Aqdr.d 0JvXySRunD
ok;ztd .d tCdM.vDRIA
r;ch . uF H . b.'d v Xt
udm<Atc.<AtudmylRe;r;M.vDRIA
t0JtzdqH;td.'H;' . cHvgM. vDRI
AySRrRpXRw>ymzsg0JvXb.oh.oh.
tw>rk>v>pSR'd.r;rh>vXtD.w>tD
w>wohtCdvRD IA
cHAch.rD.vU.AvXtrh>w>bS'D .d xD.
w>qg[H.w>Ckusd.CkphurHwHm
ySRyXRvD>qh.eDRCh0J'.phrRbl.vXA
&RrwHA[D.u0DRc&Hmzdw>td.zSd.
ttd.M.vDRIA
rhr>h A&RrwH[.D u0DRc&Hm
zdw>td.zSd.ySRb.rlb.'gwcD,>
vDRM>uhR0J'.phtuvD>A10Aql&R
rwH[.D u0DRc&Hmzdw>td.zS.d wz.
'H>ch.bH.th.'D;y,DRok;oHb.'dA30A*R
uJRG uvk>A•AqH;rk>vgxD.A10oD
tDuml A29<A2009
p;xD.vgtDulmA22oD
wkRA28oDAteHRunD'u D vkmw>xl.
zsJ; ok;rk>'d.c; pJ ; _ yJ; 'H> ch. bH.th.
ok;uhA999Atok;AtgM>A10AbszJD
Aok;uhA7<A(z.t.uD>&h.)<A'H>ch.
3 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
ttd.M.vDRIAw>td.zS.d A14AzkvX
trh>&RrwH<ArJ>ueJ<AxHpR&g<AxHrl
x.<AxH0.bsD<AyDbDcd.<AnH.eDR<A
zvl<Aed.zd<AuX>*DR<Ac&HwD.w>
td.zS.d <Az,gw>td.z.dS <Ath.uF.H
w>td.zSd.<ArFdqJ;oh;w>td.zSd.vX
u[h.oud;0JvRD IAw>td.zS.d weDR
w>,>vDRM>AwuvD>uF;'D;weDRA
50<000AuF;M.vDRIA'D;w>td.zSd.
bH.th.tok;b.'dA20*R<AoHA3*R
t*h>ch.tJ.,l.w>upD.ymzsg0JvRD I
w>'k ; uJ x D . 0J A 13AbsD
AvXw>vD>A7AwDRM.vDRIAw>'k;uJ
xD.w>vD>wz.rh>0JA%Sdx.<AeD>
x;cd.<ArJRcl.x.<AbDeDRvh<AqSd
x.< ArDyXR cd. 'D;vh0g<Avh0g 'D; qSd
x.M.vDRI
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A
w>*DR=FBR
o&.wz.b.vJR[h.0J'.zJvgtD
ulmA11AoDteHRM.vDRIA
rh r h > c&H m zd w >td . zS d . A
10zsX.w>oh.ngb.vXtvJR[h.
0J'.0HRvHM.vDRIA
w>td.zSd.o&.tHRpH;0J
vX'fu>D y'd.tw>eJ.vDRtod;t0J
xXzSd.w>td.zSd.tphrRbl.wu
vD>uF;'fw>,>vDR0Jtod;'D;vJR[h.
vDR0Jq0l >h y'd.ySRb.rlb.'gtpkyRl
M.vDRIA
'f M .tod ; ch . tJ . ,l .
w>upD.ymzsg0JvXok;uhA2A(wDtl
uD>&h.)wuyRzJAvgtDulmA20oD
wkRA23oDteHR<AetzAok;wzkvXt
[JvXxHn.yJmvdm ok;uvXRb.
w>c;pJ;_yJ;tDRvXch. tJ. ,l. ok;<
AetzAok; b.'dA5*R<A oH 2*R M.
vDRI
September 30, 2009
qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA
o0DzdA7A*RvXtvDRr>ylRzsJ;
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgySJR
pJ;yxhbX.A3<A2009
o0Dzd A7*Rtusgy.Ckm
ydm rk. A 3 *R <A zd o.qH; A 1 *R [g r>
uGHmzJw>'k;uJxD.vXAetzA'D;Au
nD 'D uvkm w> xl. zsJ; ok; rk> 'd. ok;
&h.A12bX.pXRzJvgpJ;yxhbX.A1oD
teHRt*h>uD>ylRySRvD>td.urSu H vHR
xH;0JR'X;ySRb.rlb.'gwJb.uGRJ
ok;uhA7AzD.M>'H>ch.bH.th.ok;zdpH.zsd;
uJGRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgySJR
pJ;yxhbX.A3<A2009
w>'k ; uJ x D . vXunD ' D
uvkmw>xl.zsJ;ok;rk>'d.ok;uhA
7A'D;A'H>ch.bH.th.Aok;tbX.pXRzJ
tylRuGHmvgtDulmA31AoDr>k eRcDzJ
rk.thylRwbsD<A'H>ch.bH.th.ok;
oHA1A*Rb.'dA2 A*R'D;'Duvkmw>
xl.zsJ;ok;rk>'d.zD.M>0J'.A'H>ch.
bH.th.Aok;zdA3A*RvXtpH.zs;d uGmH
M.vDRIA
'H>ch.bH.th.ok;zdA3A*R
tHRrh>ySRzdo. 'D;pH.zsd;0J'.zJw>'k;
uJxD.tqXuwD>'D;vXcHw*DRb.
w>zD.M>tDRvXch.tJ.,l.ok;M.
vDRIA
z.t.uD > &h . cd . y'd .
tD.rD.thApH;b.uGJRuvk>vX'H>
ch.bH.th.ok;zdvXtpH.zsd;A3A*R
tHRt0Joh.zD.Cm0J'D;uorHord;
0J'D;rh>tJ.'d;CkrRw>qluD>uFD.
wJ.'D;t0Jo.h uys0J MJ .vDRIAt0JpH;
0JvXySRzdo.oX*RtHRCh>xD.tcg
Ch>pdmuswbl
d .b.b.,d.0JvXcH
wcD'H>ch.bH.th.urRuDrRcJu'g
uhRt[H.tCDM.vDRIA
ySRoX*RtHRto;td.A
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ ubsH;yRA4AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAA
uvk>M.vDRIA
etzAok;'hA2A'hvXAcD.
cVok;&h.A555AvXtb.w>wDcd.
&d.rJtDRvXok;cd.'d.*D>*h>Av;rdr;hF <
A[JxD.qlch.tJ.,l.upX>'d.uD>
q.<Aok;&h.A12w>vD>zJvgtDulm
A31oD[gcDA3e.&H.teHRc;0J'.ySR
o 0D zd vX t uhR rR tD. ck; zJ vg [h
vl><AxHrd>yS>[D.u0DRw>vD>wwDR
16AeH.<A13AeH.A'D;A17AeH.M.vDRI
A y'd.tD.rD.thpH;0J<?('H>
ch.bH.th.ok;zd)t0Joh.wrh>vX
to;td.uJo;k b.IArh>vXw>xX
ql.ok;'D;t0Joh.[h.usd.phwM>
tCdb.w>rRql.tDRM.vDRI/
'H>ch.bH.th.ok;vXt
[JqDvDRto;zJr.k thylRArh>0JAok;
uhA555Atok;&h.A2A'D;A3AM.vDRIA
ursX>uG>qX.rJmw>xXql.ok;tgxD.
uGRJ uvk>A•AqH;rk>vgxD.A9oD
tDuml A28<A2009
p;xD.'H>ch.bH.th.t
w> xD. 'k; ch.tJ.,l.ok; uh A7A0HR
tvD>cH'H>ch.bH.th.tw>xXql.
ok; 'H; ,Hm 'H; e; xD. t Cd o 0D zd vX
ttd.zJrJ.ysJRusdu0DR(wMqguD>
q.<Az.t.uD>&h.)vXtbl;'D;'H>
ch.bH.th.ok;uvXRwz.uG>qX.
rJmb.w>*h>uDwz.tHRe;r;vDRIA
zJvg,lRvHxD.M.'H>ch.
bH.th.ok;uhA999ArXxHvDRoH;o
0Do;yS>vXuxXM>ySRok;zdA4A*RM.
4 AAAAAAAA
M.vDRIA
zJ vg tD ulm A 31 oD t eHR
[gcDA3e.&H.uwD><Ach.tJ.,l.
ok; &h. A 12 t ySR ok; cd. zd 'h. ng xJ
w*R{dRcd; c;AetzAok;'D;rXo0Dzd
Ch>tcgw>'k;uJxD.A2bs<A D 0HRzJvg
pJ;yxhbX.A1oDteHRM.AetzAok;
c;b.'d0J'.o0DzdzgwH>w>usJ>A52
eH.<AtuH.'k.'D;rhrh>ok;cd.zd'h.ng
y'd.tD.rD.thpH;0JvXzJ
vgtDulmtylRA'H>ch.bH.th.ok;
vXt[JxD.[H;M>qDvDRo;zJok;
uhA7Aw>vD>p;xD.edRbdwkRqlrk.
thylRAoHb.'dutd.A50A(oHA7A
*R)bsJ.cDzsdvXch.tJ.,l.rh.yd>'D;
tw>'k;pJ;_yJ;tDRtCdvDRI
'H>ch.bH.th.ok;zdwz.
to;o[D.vDRpSRb.q.tcd.t
vDRIAxXySRok;zdrh>wM>b.M.u
b. [h. 0Jph w *R M. uFD.wJ. phA
50000Ab;M.vDRIAcDzsdo0Do;yS>
xXM>ySRok;zdwM>b.'D;[h.phpJRcH
tCdzJvg,lRvHvXmM.'H>ch.bH.
th.zD.uGmH 0J'.o0Do;yS>M.vDRI
o0DzdvXttd.vXpSDRcd.
o0Dwz.ph>uD;uG>qX.rJmb.0J'H>
ch.bH.th.tw>xXql.ok;M.vDRI
Ao0DtHR[H.cd.td.0JtzsX.A100
Ab.q.A4zsX.M.rh>0Jw>rkmw>ck.
u%l>t[H.zdCDzdwz.M.vDRIAt
*RA60zsX.rh>0J'H>ch.bH.th.t[H.
zdCDzdtCdySRvXtb.uGmqX.rJm
oHuGHmzJAxHzd,hx.<ArJ>zF>wuyR
M.vDRIA
o0Dzdutd.t'l.A20u
ydmuyRvXttd.vXuD>y,DRuFD.
wJ.uD>qXo0Dwz.uhRCkzJ;tD.
ck;zJ[D.u0DRtHR t*Rwz.[JuhR
wkRvXmb.q.vDRr>A3'l.tusg
y.Ckmzdo.tD.Ek>A1*R<Aydmrk.A3
*R<AydmcGgA3*RM.vXcHw>‘d;M>b.
uhRw>upD.vXw>xH.M>uhR‘D;ylR
zs;J 0J*hR*hRM.vDRIA
e>rXttd.'D;wysJ[;t0Joh.tCd
b.td.0JvDRIAt0Joh.td.ysHRw>
[;bl.'.usJwbd'D;[;qlw>CXR
wbl.b.IAw>oh.ngb.vXt
Ch>zds;tgM>A10AbsJ.vH'D;uwD>
tHRolrGJusd'd.'H;tCdt0Joh.u
Ch>t*D>wnDb.t*h>y'd.tD.rD.
thp;H 0JvRD IAA
w>rh>,DRxD.olrGJusdrh>
qH;vDRt0Joh.uCh>zds;tgxD.0J
t*h>y'd.tD.r.D thw,m0JM.vDRI
w>wH>eD>M.rh>0J'.xJ[H.cd.A30
bs.J M.vDRIA
cDzsd[h.ok;zdwM>b.t
Cdo0Dzwd z.[h.vD;0JvXpAh 20000
b;AwkR A130000 Ab; 0HR vH b.
q.phvXttd.wh>wz.M.'H>ch.
bH.th.Ch0J'.ud;eHR'J;M.vDRIA
zJvgtD;uxdbX.M.ySR
vXtub.rRw>vXok;tylRweH.
'D;Ckvgt*D>w>uxXtDR'D;pSDRcd.
o0DM.ub.[h.0JvGH>*R'D;[h.ySR
unDrh>wM>b.M.ub.[h.phw
*R A25000 Ab; t *h> o0D zd vXw
tJ.'d;ymzsgtrHRw*RpH;0JvDRIA
September 30, 2009
 ubsH;yRA5AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA
w>'k;uwX>uGHmzJudu;ymvDRuGHmtpku0JR
uGRJ uvk>A•AqH;rk>vgxD.A12oD
tDuml A31<A2009
th.zH.w>upD.oMym
zsg0JvXAetzAok;ymzsg0JvXtuGJR
[lzsgtylRvX w>'k;vXAetzA ok;
'D;udu;zD.pku0JRu%l>vXtywkm
w>c;uwX>uGHmvHM.vDRIApH;0JvX
Aetz Aok;wcDoHA26A*R<Ab. 'dA
47*R<A*R'D;Audu;wuyRoHA8 *R
w>*DR=th.xX.eJ;
ursX>vXtCh>EkmvDRqluD>pH.ylRwz.
w>'k;uJxD.zJA201AtvD>cH ok;uhA5Aw>'k;AetzAok;
'H>ch.bH.th.'D;y,DRok;*kRcH oHb.'dA20bs.J
uGRJ uvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA8oD
pJ;yxhbX.A11<A2009
w>'k;uJxD.vXAetz<A
'H>ch.bH.th.ok;'D;unD'Duvkm
w>xl.zsJ;ok;rk>'d.ok;&h.A201AzJ
AxHEkmo0D(uDw&H;uD>q.<A'lysm
,muD>&h.)zJtylRuGHmvgpJ;yxh
bX.A8oDteHR<A'H>ch.bH.th.ok;'h
cd.oHw*R<AetzA'D;A'H>ch.bH.th.
ok;b.'dA3A*Rt*h>ok;&h.A201AySR
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ AAAAAAAAAAA
'D;AetzAok;rRM>0J'.w>pku0JR
A600Acd.M.vDRIA
w>upD.ymzsg0JvXw>'k;
vDRu, m0J'.zJvgtDulmA29A oD
teHRzJudu;tok;wz.Ch>EkmvDR
qlw%l;uD>ylR'D;[h.vDRuGHmtpku
0RJ qlw%l;ySRb.rlb.'gttd.'D;w
eDREkmvDRuGmH 'fyRS ywD>rk>qyl RS b.uD
b.cJtusgM.vDRIA
th.&.0wH.w>upD.ym
b.rlb.'gymzsg0JvRD I
w>'k;tHRuJxD.0J'.zJA
'H>ch.bH.th.A907AvXtb.w>
wDcd.&d.rJtDRvXok;cd.pdbd>wbDA
'D;AetzAcD.cVok;&h.A547A*H>bgu
td.A70bsJ.[JxD.0J'.zJok;&h.A
201Aok;'hw>vD>M.vDRIAw>'k;uJ
xD.0J'.u,HmA15rHeH;A'H>ch.bH.
th.'D;AetzAok;*kRu'guhRtcHM.
vDRIAb.'dtusgAetzAok;y.Ckm
w*R'D;'H>ch.bH.th.ok;zdA2*RM.vDRIA
5 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
zsg0JvXudu;ok;utd.A700AC.
C.Ch>EkmvDRqlw%l;uD>ylR'D;[h.
vDRuGmH tw>pku0JRqlw%l;ySRb.rl
b.'gtpkyRl M.vDRIA
bDr>k pXzSd.u&XySRb.uD
b.cJ0RJ vD>ymzsg0JvXw>'k;tCdud
u;ursX>b.uDb.cJutd.A3u
xd*R<ACh>EkmvDRqlw%l;uD>ylRzJ
,l.e.uD>pJ.<Aphu.(Zhenkang)
'D;uF.rg (Gengma) uD>&h.w>yX
uGRJ uvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA6oD
pJ;yxhbX.A9<A2009
p;xD. vg tD ulm A 11oD
wkRA29oDteHR<AvXok;k uhA5<Arkm
}wDRuD>&h. wuyRw>'k;uJxD.vX
ch.tJ.,l.unD'Duvkmw>xl.zsJ;
ok; rk>'d. 'D; Ae tzA ok; bX. pXR
A15bsDtzDcd.AetzAok;Ab.'d
A15*R<AoHA5*RtusgymCkmok;cd.
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A
M.vDRIA
udu;AvXw>oh.ngtDR
'f(Myanmar National Democratic
Alliance Army -MNDAA)<Ab.
w>wDcd.&d.rJtDR vXySRyXRvD>qh.
eDRzJAuF>%SJ(Peng Jiasheng)<ACkm'D;
tod.rSHR(National Democratic
Alliance Army )vXw>oh.ngtDR
'fArDvRu%l>(Mong La )'D;0;uD>
pJ.pXzSd.ok;rk>(United Wa State
Army (UWSA) )ymzSd.xD.o;'k;
qXu'guhR0JAetzAok;wz.vX
t[JEkmvDRqlAudu;t0JRvD>cd.
oh.AvDRuJ(Laogai)<AzJ,dRuD>pJ.
rk>xD.uvHRpd;(w%l;uD>qX)zJvg
tDulmA24AoDteHRvDRIA
w>tHRtzDcd.w>ywkm
w>c;vXAudu;A 'D;Aok;y'd.vXA
20AeH.twD>ylR[;*DRuGmH 0JM.vDRIA
weH.tHRxD.AetzAok;
y'd.[h.w>qD.oeH;qludu;zD.
pku0JRu%l>'D;uvkm'l.ywkmw>c;
t*Rwz.vXuqDwvJuGHmtok;
qlAetzAtok;yXRuD>qXM.vDRIA
udu;Awwl>vdm0Jb.<ACkm'D;Au
vkm'l.zD.pku0JR*H>bgtgvXuD>y
,DRrk>xD.uvHRpd;wuyRA'ftrh>A
ucFh><A0;<A'D;A,dRuD>pJ.ok;rk>=u
vHRpd;Aph>uD;wwl>vdm0Jb.M.vDRI
'd.<Aok;cd.zdA2*Rt*h>ch.tJ.,l.
w>upD.ymzsg0JvDRI
'fw>upD.ymzsg0Jtod;
w>vD>vXw>'k;uJxD.wz.rh>0J<A
pDRtH.'X<AxHn.ysR'h'/XoHuFd<ACD.
uF<A
d [D.u>cd.<AoyXRzg<AchyRl [D.
u0DR<AydRxHcd.<AukRxHcd.'D;ukRcGg
cd.oXbsD<A'GJ>tlwH>uFd<A[H.CH;cH<
AqD bSJ 'X 'D;cD yl; bX. pXR <AwyXRzg
qXcd.<AxHvmH C;cHo.h wz.vDRI
September 30, 2009
qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA
uoH.oh.*H>0.pJ'D;rd>[Jo.odb.w>}wDtgxD.
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA4oD
pJ;yxhbX.A7<A2009
AAAAAAuoH.oh.*H>0.pJvXw>xk;
xD.vXuD>y,DRylRA14Auvkm'D;rd>
[Jo.odA10Auvkmw>w-uX;pl;
ug'D;tD.tDRvXRb.t*h>(etz)
w>td.ql.cVudwdm0JRusdRxk;xD.
bd;b.&RvDR0J'.M.vDRI
w>td.ql.td.cVudwmd
0JRusdRw>tD.w>tD'D;uoH.uoD
0JR'htySR b.rlb.'gw*R pH;0JvX'f
w>Ckoh.tod;w>xH.M>0J'.rd>
[Jo.odvXw>qgtDRvXzFgylRA10A
uvkm(vXy'd.[h.tDRw>xk; xD.
tw>pJ y eD . )M.w>xXEk m Ck m 0J
'.Aw>vGJ>(Orange II)vXw>wysJ
tDRvXw>uxXEkmtDRvXw>tD.
w>tDusgb.M.vDRIAw>tD.tDRrh>
tgM.b.'d0J'.w>td.ql.td.cV
A'ftrh>AcJpX.<A'D;w>vDRpXRtcsHt
o.tCdw>td.ql.td.cV0JRusdR
pH;0JvXw-uX;w>tD.tDRvXRb.
M.vDRIA
rd>[Jo.odvXw>}wDtRD
wz.w>bd.qgtDRvXyv;pwh;
xX.vXtrh>0J?%U.ypd.A/(wuDR
qH.o.'D;o.rDRuVR(rD>usD>o.)<
A?(%U.)yF.vGg/<A?ypd.M>uD>/<
A?pguFH;/<A?ph>,.(pdef&H)/<A?u
&h;(t*DR'D;tC;)<A?,lpe;pyJ.
%SX./<At*h>AuFhrd.Aw>y&Xymzsg0J
M.vDRIA
'fM.tod;uoH.oh.*H>
0.pJvXtb.w>qgtDRvXzFgylRvX
trh>=rF;vh,D.(vgw>yeD.)vXpDR
vDRrJmcsHt*D><AuF.yF.A,J;qg(u
oH.url.)<A'rDd .e.A(zlw>wuHw
u;)< Ae ug eH.(y,dRw>yeD.)Au
oH.vXtrRpXRuzk*>H bs;J w>tD.t
*D>< AtloJ;xd Azdo.w>qgt*D><
A(Ever Life)uoH.w>wuHwu;<
A&U . ypd > Aw>rRwJ m w>n.*d > u
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ ubsH;yRA6AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAA
oH.<AuoH.url.vXw>ud>xD.t
*D><AuFy.Aw>rRuqDeS >uoH.<ArFh
eH.yF.w>yeD.w>rRwJmw>vdRud><
AcFh;oh.ub>Aw>rRwJmw>vdRud>
uoH.<Aw>rRwJmw>n.*d>uoH.<
w>rRwJmw>n.*d>w>vdRud>u
oH.<ArFheH.yF.Aw>vdRud>uoH.w
z.rh>vXwM>w>ysJvXxHuD>y'd.
'D;w>wD>M>tDRw>pJyeD.wtd.t
Cdb.w>}wDu;wHmuGmH tDRM.vDRI
A zJ t ylR uGHm vg rhR M.u
oH.oh.*H>0.pJA16AuvkmvXwM>
w>ysJvXuD>y'd.vXw>uxk;xD.
tDRzd;oJp;M.y'd.bd;b.&RvDR'k;
oh.ng0JxzH u d >D zdvXw>w-uX;pl;
ok;y'd.rRql.ursX>vXuEkmvDRpGgtg%O.
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA4oD
pJ;yxhbX.A7<A2009
etzAySRb.rlb.'gvX
o.'D > uD > q.(wD t l u D > &h . )ArR
ql.ursX>vXub.EkmvDRA?pGgtg
%O./AvXtrh>AetzAtySRtXtu
%l>vXtpl;ug0JvXw>rRbH.bO.
rRqgursX>vXtxD'gtDRwz.M.
vDRIA
'fc.h tJ.,l.w>upD.ym
zsg0Jtod;<A zJtylRuGHmvgtDulmA
31AoDteHR<Ao.'D>uD>q.cd.og0h
uGJ;M> rDR zg'Xu%l>'D;'lo0DvX td.
vXodvh.us[D J .u0DRwz.ub.
y,DRok;c;o0DzdvGH>*R
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA7oD
pJ;yxhbX.A10<A2009
csX.zlo0DzdA4*Rb.w>
c;tDRvXAetzAok;zJt0Joh.vJR
pdmqgusD>ye>vXuD>uFD.wJ.[JuhR
vXusJtqXuwD>'D;w>[H;uGHmt
6 AAAAAAAA
ugtDRb.I
tusgy.Ck m 0J A ph > oD ;
(pdefao1h)<Awl>w>pH.<Aw>wuH
wu;uoH.url.wz.<A'lvhAu
oH.uvHR<Aorg'D>AuoH.vXtrR
pXRuzk*>H bs;J w>tD.M.vDRIA
uoH.vXy'd.wysJ'D;xk;
xD.M>tDRw>pJyeD.oh.wz.w>rh>
qgtDRM.y'd.u[H;*h>0D0t J *h>y'd.
'k;oh.ng0JM.vDRI
zJvgthjzhRtylRph>uD;u
oH.oh.*H>0.pJvXtrh>A 'D>xUU<A 'D>
uFh>zdo.uoH.uvHRuJxD.0Jw>
pk.w>ys>ohrh>vXy.Ckm'D;x;u
rl.tCdw>w-uX;pl;ugtDRb.t
[J'w>*D
d RzJcsX.v.<A'w d >*DRrh>0HRu
[h.vDR0JpgG tg%S.h tvHmM.vDRIA
o0Dzdw[J'dw>*DRCduD>
q.cd. og 0h zD.qlo0D zd vX t[;
xD.uhRvDRwz.'D;'dql.M>0Jtw>
*DR 0HRxXEkm 0JtrHRql pGgtg %Sh. u &X
tylRcJvXm0HReJ.vDRu'D;0JySRvXt
EkmvDRqlpgG tg%S.h u&Xwz.ub.
vJRxD.w>rRvdvXo.'D>0h>cJvXm
M.vDRIA
ch.tJ.,l.w>upD.ym
zsgph > uD ; 0J v XwD t l u D > &h . tuD >
q.cHb.h tylRAetzAA'k;,R*h>0D0JR
vD>cd.oh.=5A(puc=5)tok;w
z.'D;rk>xD.uD>cDok;0JRvD>cd.oh.
w> zd w> vHR w bsK; rHR t*h> ch. tJ.
,l.vX>'d.pduD>q.w>upD.ymzsg
0JvDRIA
etzAcD.cVok;&h.A433
AvX t b. w> wD cd. &d. rJ tDR vX pd
tD.rFd 'D;tySRA20bsJ.zJvgpJ;yxh
*h>w>td.ql.td.cVbd;b.'k;oh.
ng0JM.vDRIA
w>td.ql.td.cV0JRusdR
ymzsgph>uD;0JvXylRxD.uoH.oh.
*H>0.pJtrJmngw>tD.rd>yS>cHuvkm
vXtrh>Av;z;A'D;Ao'D.tk.vXySR
uD>y,DRtD.tDR0H.'d.r;tusgph>
uD;y.Ckm'D;uoH.tvGJ>vXtuJ
xD.w>vDRb.,d.z;'d.M.vDRIA
tusgy.Ckm0JAv;z;A100Auvkm
bsJ.'D;o'D.tk.A70AuvkmbsJ.
M.vDRIA
w>*h>*H>xH;=th.&.0wH.y,DRusmd <A
pJ;yxhbX.A4<A2009
tok;wz.zD.CH;xHzduD>zdursX>
'D;rXql.0JursX>tuvkmuvkm<A
ChtD.phA'D;w>t*RtgxD.uU>uU>
vDRqD'.w>zJo.'D>uD>q.<Aod
vh.A13ArHRvmwkRcsX.vm[D.0DR
M.vDRIArRCH;ph>uD;ursX>vXu
rR'lo0D*XRo;(yF.H ol;ph;)M.vDRIA
pG g tg%S h . rh > u%l > vXA
etzAok;pl;ugvXurRql;rRqgrR
'X.ySRvXtxD'gtDRwz.M.vDRIA
etzAok;pl;ugtDRvXurR'X.0J'.
A8888AuFdzdvX0h>wul.vXt'k;
eJ.xD'gok;y'd.<AoDcg<A'D;ursX>w
z.tw>'k;eJ.xD'gok;y'd.zJtylR
uGmH A2007AeH.M.vDRIA
bX.A7oDrk>eRcDA9e.&H.uwD>c;0J
'.csX.zl(urdRoU[D.u0DR<AuD>&h.
bsH;'0J>)o0DzdzJurH;x.<AxHrJ;bD
ustd cgc;0Jb.q.o0Dzdw>b.'d
b.xH;wtd.eDrHRb.IAt0Joh.rR
M>uGmH ySRo0Dzdwz.tHRtpkmA4zsX.<
AoyXR<Ardu.<AySRz;'d.ySRzdo.w>
ulw>uRtoDvXuhRyORM>tzdrgw
z.cJvXmM.vDRIA
September 30, 2009
ubsH;yRA7AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA
ySRyJmxHeDRz;w>pH;tlol.pe.w>pdw>urDRwtd.vXR
uGRJ uvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA8oD
pJ;yxhbX.A11<A2009
zJ t yl R uG H m vgpJ ; yxh
bX.A9AoDteHRA'H>ch.bH.th.oDcg
z;'d.A tlol.pe.A[JxH.vdmo;
'D;A'H>ch.bH.th.cd.e>vXuvHRxH;
wuyRzJA&RrwH(0h>)<AtzDcd.ySR
uG>pl.w>td.o;yJmxHeRD z;0JvXoD
cgz;'d.tHRtw>pdw>urDRwtd.
vXRtgv>uJ.qd;vX'H>ch.bH.th.
tzDc.d vXRb.M.vDRIA
ucFh>cd.e>xk;z;o;ol.xD.y.wH.toD
uGRJ uvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA6oD
pJ;yxhbX.A9<A2009
AAAAAAucFh>w>obVu&X(K I O )
tcd.e>pSR*R[;xD.uGHmvXtu
&Xrd>yS>vXuol.xD.xH%l>uD>oJ;
u&XvXuEkmvDRA2010eH.w>CkxX
t*D>M.vDRIAucFh>cd.e>vXtol.
xD.u&XoDtHRpH;b.uD>y,DRw>
upD.vXtu&Xu&dxD.0Jtu&X
zdM>0J'.A800bs.J vHt*h>M.vDRIA
ucF h > xH % l > uD > oJ ; u&X
tHR[h.0J'.trHRvXucF>h uD>pJ.w>
0;pH;0Jw>'k;u'k;,HmxD.w>rkmw>ck.
uGRJ uvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA5oD
pJ;yxhbX.A8<A2009
0;vXtywkmw>c;tcd.
AyD;,l;cFgApH;0JvXAw%l;=y,DRuD>
qXw>'k;w>,Rtw>[l;w>*JRtd.
xD. t Cd w>urRM>w> rkmw> ck.
'D;ok;y'd.t*D>w>qXuwD>u,Hm
xD.0JvRD IA
w>tHR0;uD>pJ.pXzSd.ok;
rk>(U W S A )tcd.pH;b.0JzJAw%l;
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ AAAAAAAAAAA
'fw>upD.vXuD>qXvX
wtJ.'d;ymzsgtrHRw*RpH;0Jtod;A
oDcgz;'d.Atlo.l pe.[Jx.H vdmt
o;'D;ApDRvXySJR(ecgrU)'D;rDod.zJA&R
rwHA'D;pH;b.t0Jo.h vXt0J(oDcg
z;'d.)rRrkmrRub;w>vXA15AeH.
twD>ylR'D;tcJtHRt0Joh.('H>ch.
bH.th.)rh>t0Jto&.vXtoDvH
M.vDRI
zJw>td.zSd.tylRtHR'H>
ch.bH.th.cd.e>vXok;uhA6A[D.
u0DRt*R[JCmk ph>uD;0J'.M.vDRIA
*kRxD.yoDxD.y.wH.(ucsifjynf
e,fwd;k wufa&;ygwD KSPP )'D;
ok;y'd.[h.w>ysJzd;oJp;vXuEkm
vDRw>CkxXtrl;t*D>t*h>y.wH.
tHRtcd.A'D;uxX.Ar.eRAwluF.
pH;b.th.&.0wH.w>upD.oM
M.vDRIA
AAAAAAAAAAAucF h > w>obVu&X
(KIO )cd.e>A5*RvXt[;xD.'D;
ol.xD.y.wH.toDtusgy.Ckm
0J'.'D;uxX.r.eRwluF.M.vDRIA
zJtylRuGHmvgpJ;yxhbX.A5AoDt
eHRucFh>xH%l>uD>oJ;cd.e><Aok;cd.
uGJR[lzsgAPhoenix TV tw>xH.
vdmoHu>G tDRtcgM.vDRIAt0Jp;H ph>
uD;0J'fod;w> vJvdmutd.xD.t
*D>w>*h>uDwz.tHRyCh.vDRtDRvX
w> 'k; w> ,R w M> b. t*h> wJ zsg
xD.0JvDRIA
tltD.uFD.pDvXtrh>ySR
yJmxHeDRz;w>vXok;wuyRpH;0JvX
0;tcd.te>wz.pH;0JvXAetzA
w>bH.w>bXrl'gcd.vXok;wuyR
7 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
uwD>tHRok;cd.usX>zdpDRvXySJRrh>ySR
tpdurDR'd.uwX>vXuvHRxH;ok;
uhA6A[D.u0DRwuyRM.vDRIAt
0Jol.xD.0J'.'H>ch.bH.th.ok;uh
toDwbh.vXtrh>ok;uhA5A'D;t
0JuJxD.ok;uhcd.M.vDRIAok;uh
tHRtylR'k;,Rtd.0Jcb H .h vXtrh>'k;
,ReD.*H>A1A'D;A2AM.vDRIA
'k;,ReD.*H>wXb.w>wD
cd.&d.rJtRD vX'k;,Rcd.rDo.d 'D;tzD
vmok;&h.td.0J'.A3Abh.vXtrh>
AA907<A908<A'D;A909AM.vDRIA'k;
e><AucFh>xHzduD>zdcX.p;wz.xH.
vdmtd.oud;wbsDzJ(KIO )0JRvD>
cd. oh. <Au cFh>uD> pJ.<A vJ>p.0h>A
,Hm0JA2oDM.vDRI
AAAAAAAucFh>w>obVu&X(K I O )
td.'D;w>ymo;vXw>uqDwvJ
ucFh>w>obVok;qlAetzAok;yXR
uD>qXt*D>uxH.vdmwJoud;w>
tgxD.'D;ok;y'd.vXxH%l>uD>oJ;
tusJ'D;uCh.vDRw>*h>tHRvXxH
%l>uD>oJ;tusJM.vDRIAwqD.xGJ0J
w>Ch.vDRw>*h>vXok;tusb.IA J A1994eH.M.rRw>ywkmw>c;'D;
w>xH.vdmwbstH D RcX.
ok;cd.'d.usX>*D>*h>A,JrFh;pH;0JvXw
'k;0;b.'D;tX.vDR0JvXvHmtylRph>
uD;M.vDRIA
0;rh>ySRzD.pku0JRu%l>vX
txk;z;to;'D;tylRuGHmuD>y,DR
cD.rFLM;y.wH.AzJA1989AeH.'D;cJ
tHRtok;*H>bgtd.0J'.cHuv;wkR
cHuv;,J>uxd*RM.vDRIA
tyl R uG H m vgtD u l m t
vXmM.zJ,dRuD>pJ.rk>xD.uvHRpd; w>*h>*H>xH;weDR=th.&.0wH.
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A
,Ru%l>eD.*H>A2Ab.w>wDcd.&d.
rJtDRvX'k;,Rcd.pDRbsK;'D;ok;&h.
td . 0J A 3Abh . vXtrh > 0J A 901<A
902<A'D;A906AM.vDRIA
ySRyJmxHeRD z;w>pH;0JvXp;
xD.vX'H>ch.bH.th.wl>vdmvXu
uJx.D AetzAok;yXRuD>qXM.AoDcg
tlol.pe.tw>pdw>urDRwtd.
vXRb.IAoDcgz;'d.zD.pDRpduhR<A'D;
uuG>xJG0Jbl;bl;wH>wH> 'D;u[H;pk
eJ.usJ0JM.tw>pdw>urDRvDRpSR
uGmH vHM.vDRIA
p;vXt[JxD.cJvXmA324A*Rt*h>
(KIO )eJ.%GJ.cd.usX>'D;uxX.v;
uF.ApH;b.th.&.0wH.M.vDRIA
uvkm'l.vXtzD.w>pk
u0J R 'f t rh > ucF h > w>obVu&X
(KIO )ok;y'd.rXqDwvJto;ql
ok;cd;uD>qXb.q.wwl>vdm0J
b.IAvXw>wJoud;w>*h>tHRt*D>
ucF>w>obVu&
h XxH.vdmo;'D;y
,DR ok ;cd.e>b.xGJw>uCh.vDR
w>*h>tHRySRJ xD.A7AbsM. D vDRIA
AAAAAAAAucFh>w>obVu&X(KIO)
p;xD.w>yX>qXzJA1961AeH.'D;zJ
ok;y'd.M.vDRI
Aud u; t w> vD> M. w>'k;uJxD.
vXudu;'D;AetzAok;,Hm0J'.oX
oDtCdursX>'D;ywkmw>c;u%l>w
eDRvXttd.zJw>vD>wz.M.Ch>y
'h.to;'D;vJRtd.clol.0J'.vXw
%l;uD>tylRM.vDRIA
w>*h>rh>0JAudu;zD.pku
0JRu%l>wwl>vdm0J'.AetzAok;
tw>qD.oeH;vXuuJxD.Aetz
Aok;tySRcd;uD>qXtCdvRD IA
September 30, 2009
 @
qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA
bs;H '0J>uvkmcd.e>uG>u'guhRunDw>yX>qX
uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcl;vDRA8oD
tDuml A13<A2009
zJvgtDuml xD.cHEw HG EG<H A
un Duvkmcd.e>zJuD>bsH;uD>' 0J>
wz.ul.vdmtd.oud;'D;uG>u'g
uhR 0Jb. rEkRt CdvXunDw>yX>
qXteH.A60AbsJ.tHRwrReXRw>'H;
b. vJ.tzDcd.xH.0J'.vX w>yX>
qX tHRub.qJ;*JRvdm'H;0J '.w>
vXunDuvkmt*D><A'D;'fod;w>rR
eXRutd.xD.t*D>w>ub.ol.
xD.rR*hRxD.w>*JRvdmtHRvXoeX.
wbsK;uyR 'D;rRoud;w>tg xD.
'D;unDuvkmxHzu d >D zdM.vDRIA
w>*JRvdmqlngtw>rR
eXRt*D>cd.e>cX.p;wz.ul.vdmo
&dmrJoud;w>0HR'D;ym*X>ymusXR0J
vXw>ub.ol.xD.=
1IunDuvkmtoG.H pXRo;o[D.
2IxH%>l uD>oJ;tw>wl>cD.ymo;
3Iw>yX>qXxD ' gw>wwD w -w>
to;o[D.
4IunD'Duvkmw>xl.zsJ;ok;rk>'d.
vXtySRJ *H>bg'D;uH>pDw>ohw>b.
5IunD'Duvkmtw>Clw>zd;'D;
6IunD'DuvkmpXzSd.u&XvXt wD
cd.&d.rJunD'Duvkmtw>*JRvdm
tHRCH;CD.'D.<AySJR*H>bg<AuH>pD t
rJm ngcd.e>cX.p;vXt [JxD. w>
ul.vdmoud;rl;wbst D RH td.ph>uD;
'D;w>ymo;vX<
1IAunDuvkmtw>*JR
vdmqlngtw>rReXRt*D>u'k;td.
xD.w>qJ;usd;&hvdmtw>rRvJ>
vJ>CJmCJmqlyySRuvkmtod;t
usg'D;w>xd.ClvXu[H;M>oud;
ySRuvkmw>*JRvdmtrlt'gtHRvX
toeX.'.0Jpmk pkm'D;
2IAw>urRtd.xD.w>
ul.vdmtd.oud;trl;vXyySRu
vkmtod;tusgvXtywD>'.0JzJ
uD>&h.tHRtylRM.vDRI
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
zJvgtDuml A8oDwRk A12A
oDteHRunDuvkmcd.e><AcX.p;A
78*RvXtwDcd.&d.rJunDuvkm
vXtoeX.'.0Jpkmpkm'f'lo0Dol.
uho;yS><A'lo0Dc.d e><AySRw0Xc.d e><A
ydmrk.'D;o;p><ACkm'D;unDw>yX>
qXcd.e>zJuD>&h.bsH;'0J>tylRwz.
td . zS d . 'D ; ul . vd m o&d m rJ o ud ;
(ul.vdmtd.oud;)0J'.unDu
vkmw>yX>qXtw>*JRvdm'D;unD
uvkmtw>td.rlbl.wD>qlngt
*D>zJuD>&h.bsH;'0J><AunD'Duvkm
pXzS.d u&Xt0JRvD>cd.oh.M.vDRI
w>ul.vdmtd.oud;t
rl;wbst D RH tzDc.d bs;H '0J>uD>&h.cd.
y'd.uGRJ xl0ph ;H 0J<?unDw>yX>qXw>
*JRvdmtHRrh>unDuvkmcJvXmtrl
t'gvDRIAtvD>td.0J'.vXunD
uvkmvXttd.qd;zJuD>&h.bsH;'
0J>tylRwz.rh>*hR<AzJttd.wylR
v>v>rh>*hRuymzSd.xD.to;<A
ul.vdmtd.oud;'D;*JRvdmrRoud;
tDRvXtoeX.'.0Jpmk pkmM.vDRI/
w>ul.vdmo&dm rJtylR
w>orHord;yJmxHeDRz;unDw>yX>
qXt eH.(60)0HRuwD>tHRw> td.
8 AAAAAAAA
o;wz.vXunDuvkmwkRtd.CDR
'D;b. uG>qX.rJm0Jwz.M. vDRIA
w>yJmxHeRD z;w>td.o;ud;uyR'J;
tzD cd.w>xH.M>tDRvXwkR qXu
wD>tHRunDuvkmwz.wylRzsJ;
xD.'H;vXy,DRuvkm'd.pdoElzok d ;
rDRpd&dRtw>qD.wH>rReXR'H;b.I
AunDuvkmwz.wtd.'D;w>pH.
nD. yXo;cGJ;,m'D;w td.ph>uD; 'D;
w>tk . uD R o;vXunD u vk m t
w>td.pHmtd.usXR'D;w>vJRxD.vJR
xDt*D>'H;b.M.vDRIAtrJmngwkR
rk> rqg weHRtHR unDuvkm w> *JR
vdmtHR unDzdtg*Rto;wxlyX>
'H;vXtrh>'Duvkmtw>*JRvdm<A'D;
tywD>wwkRxD.b;'H; ql'Du vkm
t w>*JRvdmy.Ckm ty wD>b. 'D;
ym'H;'.0J'ftrh>ySRw'l.tw>*JR
vdm<A u&X vX twDcd.&d.rJw> yX>
qXtHRtrlt'g{dRM.vDRIA
cd.e>cX.p;vXt[JxD.
rl;wbst D RH tusgo&.rk.ovhRym
zsgxD.0Jtw>xH.pH;0J<?w>xH.vdm
ul.vdmtd.oud;'ftHRrh>w>vXt
*hR'D;'fw>td.o;[h.ogySRtod;w>
-uX;rRtDRweH.wbsMD .vDRIArh>w>
Poe Taw Nay : aabvpms@gmail.com
ubsH;yRA8AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAA
rRbs;pJvdmyo;tgxD.<Aw>e>yX>
vdmo;<Aw>zH;oud;rRoud;vX
w>'d.xD.xDxD.t*D>tgxD.M.
vDRIAw>rRqlngt*D>tvD>td.0J
'.vXcd.e>vXtwDcd.&d.rJwz.
ub.td.'D;w>e>yX>vdmo;<Aw>
Clw> zd;<Aw >ymuJvdm o; 'D;[h.
w> wDcd. &d.rJqlyySR u vkmwz.
ttd.tod;yySRuvkmxHzu d >D zdp>h
uD;ub.ol.xD.uhRw>yX>qXt
o;o[D.'D;*JRvdmoud;wkRvXy'd;
M>b.uhRunDu>D obVM.vDRI/
ch.tJ.,l.=unD'Du
vkmpXzSd.u&XuD>&h.bsH;'0J>vXt
uwJmuwDR'k;td.xD.w>ul.vdm
td.oud;trl;wbsDtHR rh>unD'D
uvkmw>u&Xu&dwzkvXtwDc.d
&d.rJunDuvkmtw>yX>qXw>*JR
vdmvXA1947AeH.vHRvHRM.vDRI
Arh>ph>uD;unD'u
D vkmu&XwzkvX
tqXxX.*X>usXRvXunDuvkmt
w>*JRvdmtylRzJtb.uG>qX. rJm
'D;w>qD.oeH;tuvkmuvkm'D;
w>qXuwD>vXtuDuwX>tcg
vXunD'Dwuvkmtw>b.bsK;
t*D>M.vDRI
September 30, 2009
ubsH;yRA9AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA
CkxXusv
J Xutd.wh>zJ[.H zdCzD o
d ;k o;qlu>D ,HR
uGRJ uvk>A•Avgcl;vDRA10oD
tDuml A15<A2009
u&eH.ok;0JRvD>qDvDRto;zJn.rk>
upX><Arh>u&eH.ok;rk>0JRvD>vXcHuwX>vXt
td.zJu>D uF.D wJ.'D;u&eH.uD>qXM.vDRIA
ok;w>vD>tHRtd.,HR'D; u&eH.ySRvD>
td.u'k'Ju0DReD.*H>=1<AzJu&eH.ok;zdwz.t
[H.zdCzD 'd ;D ySRvXttJ.0Jwz.td.u'k0MJ .vDRIA
ySRok;zdwz.tusgok;zdtqduwX>
w*RvXw>xH.tDRzJo;k w>vD>tHRrh>0J';k ,Rok;
cd.<Aok;cd.*D>*h>Apd&J.<AvXtuR'D;ok;uluR
uG>w>qlupX>wl>&J.b;cDvXtrkmtck.<A'D;t
pkwcDpmd 'D;pJ;uwdRw>M.vDRIA
t0Jto;td.A45AeH.'D;'k;w>vXu&
eH.ok;rk>tylRtgM>teH.A20AbsJ.M.vDRIAt0J
qXwJmvDRtw>td.rl'fod.'lw*RtCdt0Ju
b.ymwD>uGHmt[H.zdCDzdvXw>qXuwD>cHu
wD>M.vDRIA
trgtqduwX>w*R'D;tzdr.k A4A*R
[;xD.vXuD>uFD.wJ.'D;vJRok;uGHmto;ql
uD>pHG;'h>0HRtvD>cHt0JqD[H.qDCDu'D;toDw
bs'D ;D ol.xD.[H.zdCzD td oDM.vDRIA
b.q.<AtrgcH*Rw*Rph>uD;ywHxD.
vXuok;to;qlxHuD>oXbh.wbh.'D;vJRud;
Ckmtzdrk.'D;uvJRol.xD.tw>td.rloDvX
uD>trJ&uRtylRM.vDRIA
?,w>td.rltHR,oh.ng'.,u
b.uJxD.od.'lw*RvDRI/t*h>t0JpH;0JvXw>
ymvDRo;usXRrkqtyl + RzJw>oHu>G tDRM.vDRI
?w>tHRrh>w>rRxJwrHR{dRvX,oh.
ngvX,ub.rRtDRM.vDRI/
t0JwCkxXusJvXuok;vD>ok;usJ'D;
ySRvXttJ.0Jwz.b.rhrh>wcDCx k X0JvXurR
w>'fod.'lw*Rrh>vXttHRrh>t0Jtw>rHrD>M.
vDRIAb.q.t0Jp;H 0Jr>h w>uDvXeub.xk;zS.
eo;'D;vDRz;'D;[H.zdCzD zd wJ >td.CkmtgeH.tg
vgM.vDRIA
?zJ,eD>qH;tcg,wxD.uFdb.IA,
ymvDR,o;vX,uuJxD.ok;zdM.vDRI/t*h>
t0Jp;H 0JvRD IA
?,b.'dwbsK;bs<D Ab.q.<A,qX
wJmvDR,o;vX,uqJ;td.rlw>td.rltHR
vDRI/
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ AAAAAAAAAAA
t0JpH;0JvXt0J'D;tod.'loud;t*R
wz.qd.vDRto;vXurRw>vXu&eH.uvkm
t*D>vXtb.w>qD.wH>rReXRvXuD>y,DRok;y
'd.M.vDRIA
t0JpH;0JvXrh>rR[;*DRtw>tX.vDR
tHR'D;EkmvDRqlw>ok;vD>ok;usJw>&J.w>usJRM.
urh>0J?,vD,ySRuvkm/M.vDRIA
?vXw>ok;vD>ok;usJtvD>M.<A,
qXwJmvDR,o;vX,uvk>xD.,o;vX,xH
,uD>t*D>vDRIAcJtHR,td.A45AeH.vH<At Cd
,ub.qJ;rRvDRI/
,wJtu J vH;usmd wb.b.IAvXw>
M.tCd,ub.*JRvdmrRw>'fpHmw>zH;w>rRArh
wrh>Aw>rRt*RwrHRrHRvDRIA,rRok;tgM>A20
AeH.vH<A,rh>[h.C.uGHm,xH,uD>M.urh>
w>rRb.'d,o;M.vDRI/
ok;zdt*Rwz.ph>uD;b.rR0Jw>Ck
xXw>qXwJmuDuDcJcJvXurRvHmvDRzS.zJu&
eH.'Ju0DRw>wDw>-w>bsD.<A'fod;t[H.zdCDzd
wz.ok;vD>ok;usu J M>t*D>vDRIA
ok;zdw*RvXwtJ.'d;ymzsgtrHRpH;0J
vXt0JCx k XusJvXu[h.trgvHmvDRzS.'D;pH;0J
tySRuvkmu&eH.zdvXttd.vXu&eH.uD>ylR
wz.tw>td.rltX'd.M>'H;vXvD>td.u'k'Ju
0DRylRwuh>vDRIA
?,uqJ;rRw>vX,ySRuvkmt*D>'f
od.'lw*RwkRvXw>rkmw>ck.wkRtd.0J'.ySRvX
u&eH.uD>ylRM.vDRI/t*h>t0Jp;H 0JvRD IA
ok;zdtg*RtrgtJ.'d;ywHxD.ok;vD>
ok;usJ'fod;tzdtvHRwz.u'd;M>w>ul.b.
ul.ohvXxHou D >D oDtylRt*D>vDRI
ok;cd.*D>*h>pd&J.xH.ph>uD;w>tHRt
vk>tyOR<Ab.q.<AxH.0J'.vXu&eH.zdcJvXm
t*D><Awrh>xJtzdtvHRt*D>{dRb.I
?wrh>w>*h>wrHR{dRvXt0Joh.up;
xD.ol.xD.tw>td.rlvXw>vD>t*Rb.IArk>
weHRzdwz.urRpXRu'guhRu&eH.uvkmvXt
td.wD>vXuD>y,DRylRt*D>vDRI/
b.q.<AySRb.rlb.'gvXvD>td.u
'k'Ju0DRw>wDw>-w>bsD.pH;0JzJo;k zdweDRqJ;pky
eD.rRvHmvDRzS.0HRtd.wD>vX'Ju0DRylR'D;[H.zd
CDzdwcDo;k to;qlxHuD>toDM.vDRIAvXcHt
0Joh.qDwvJto;'D;ywHxD.w>ok;vD>ok;usJ
vXuxH.vdmb.uhRySRvXttJ.0Jwz.M.vDRIA
9 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A
w>*DR=Kantarawaddy Times
ok;cd.*D>*h>Apd&J.
?y-uX;td.wylRCDvRD I/t*h>ok;zdvX
cHvXtywHxD.vXuok;vD>ok;uspJ ;H 0JvRD IA
?,td.vDRz;'D;,zdwz.wohb.I/
w>ok;vD>ok;usJqlxHuD>oXbh.w
bh.p;xD.wl>vdm0Ju&eH.ySRb.uDb.cJzJA
2005AeH.M.vDRIAxHuD>vXtwl>vdmw>wz.
rh>0JAeD.0h<AtD;p-xhv,g<A!lpH>vJ><AzhvJ<ApGH;
'h><AtrJ&uR'D;cJe'>M.vDRIA
vD>td.u'k'Ju0DRySRb.rlb.'gpH;0J
ySRb.uDb.cJA4<281A*Rok;vD>ok;usq J x
l uD
H >
wz.tHRtylRvXCkvgtwD>ylRzJA2009AeH.tylR
M.vDRIA
ok;cd.*D>*h>pd&.J rh>[h.vDRto;'k;w>
vXtySRvkmt*D>xD'guD>y,DR(ok;)y'd.b.
q.<Acgqlngw>'k;vXt0Jt*D>wrh>w>'k; vX
u,HmuxXwcgb.I
t0Jo.h eD.t[H.zdCzD cd 'H .l vXtok;
vD>ok;usJ<AzJt0JuG>CDRw>qlupX>u vdb;cD
vXty,GJ>vDRo;vXok;uvXRtcD. xH;<A'D;t
pkwcDz.D Cm'D;pJ;uwdRw>tcgM.vDRIA
t0JogozSdxD.z;'d.vXupX>uvHR
uoGHM.vDRIAt0JpH;0J<?rk>weHR,zdr.k wz.t
'H;qhutd.'D;u[J,Rl qlw>vD>vXty>td.vDRI/
[H ; M>uG J ; usd m xH v XAu.w&.0wH . xJ r f
(Kantarawaddy Times )Aud&J.w>uGJ;
AtDuml A13<A2009
September 30, 2009
qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA
uD>olvhRok;rk>'d.ok;cd.usX>uFXe&X>rhrD.
wHed(o0Dwg)
tDuml A5<AA2009
w>qXuwD>wz.vJRylRuHGm0JcVr;w
EHG0HRwEHGwvg0HRwvgcJtHRwkRCDRu’D;qlw>plR
cgtoDwbsu D ’D;u;vHr.D III
vgcl;w>plRcgqXuwD>rh>[JwRk td.ySR
wbsDv>v>zDvgcl;wz.bd.xD.z;xD.vXyS>
vmusgrRrkmrRck.yol.yo;tod;<Avgcl;trl
cd.plRxHzdwz.[JpdmCkmM>ySR’D;w>o;tk;trJm
xHzv d Xy0JunDzw d z.t*D>vDRqD’.w>M.vDRI
At*h>’ftHRvgtDuX;pf(12)oDteHRtHRrh>0J?rR
xl&RySR’lySRCdRrk>eHR/vXy0JunDzdwz.t*D>
tCdvDRI
yySRunDzw d z.tHRyb.w>qD.wH>rR
eXRCmySRvXy,DRuvkm’d.pdoEltw>yXw>jy;zD
vm,Hmwh>r;vHteH.vXtu,Rwz.vHM.
vDRIAyrh>wtd.’D;yxHyuD>vDRqD<Ayrh>wtd.’D;
yw>cJG;w>,mvDRqDvXyupH.nD.yXvDR b.y
o;’.0Jb.M.yuylRzsJ;xD.uHGmvXrk>eHRtXoD
wz.tylRwohb.t*h>M.ycd.ye>vXngw
z.oh.ng0JvDRwH>vDRqJ;vDRIAvXw>M.tCd
vXuD>y,DRxH%l>uD>oJ;w>yXw>jy;qXuwD>zJ
M.cgtw>td.o;w>Chx.D tzDc.d unDw>yX>
qXtH R b.w>u&Xu&d ’ D ; ’k ; td . xD . tD R zJ A
31I1I49AeH.tcgvXw>u’k;M>uhRunDtxH
obVuD>obVvXAzqyvAy’d.ttd.M.vDRI
unDw>yX>qXtHR,Hmwh>r;vH,RzSd.
eH.w0mbsJ.vHIAunDw>yX>qXteH.(60)w>
vJRcDzstd wD>ylRunDc.d e>od.’l’;D ursX>vXtu
xduv;oh.wz.b.vk>xD.uHGmto;orl
vXyu’d;M>b.uhRyxHu>D vDRqDtw>obVt
*D>M.vDRIAySR’lySRCdRCkm’D;yrd>y>yk>0J>bl;wH>t
oHG.vXt,GRvDRwh>oh.wz.tHRM.rh>yuym
tDRvXtrh>w>w*dmwoD.w>uvDuvD{Rd vXy
*D>’fM.vDR{gIII
vXw>rRvRuyDRuhR?rRxl&RySR’lySR
CdRrk>eHR/weH.tHRt*D>,o;td.ymzsgxD.uhR
cd.e>vXytJ.b.tDRtg*Rwz.tusgw*R
vXtrh>0J=ok;cd.usX>rhrD.o;orlw>vJRcDzsdt
*h>weDR’f,csHwkm’D;oh.ngb.wh>,Jtod;M.
vDRIAyrh>b.wJuhRok;cd.usX>rhrD.t*h>M.w>
vXtvDRqDwrHRrh>0JyuxH.b.=yuD>cd.pDRb;
tluHFtw>td.rlr>k eHRrk>oDvD>cHuwX>tw>vJR
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ ubsH;yRA10AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAA
ylRuHGmt*h>’D;ok;cd.usX>rhrD.tw>td.rlr>k eHRrk>
oDvD>cHuwX>tw>vJRylRuHGmt*h>cHcgtHRrh>w>
b.qX.b.wDRwcgvXtvDR*mvdmto;wrHR
CDC.C.vXw>uuJG;eD.uhRtDRt*D>M.vDRI
ApDRb;tluHF(1905=50)’D;ok;cd.usX>rhrD.
(1916=61)t0Jo.h cH*RvXmzJtoHcgto;td.
’H;’.(45)eH.b.zJz;H uJrRuJqXuwD>M.vDRI
pDRrhr.D td.zs.J xD.vXuD>oh’Xo0D(a&
od;k }uD;)<AwDtu l >D &h.<AzJA1916eH.’D;[J’.d xD.
b.0JvXwDtlAtHpwl;o0DM.vDRIAty>rh>0Jo
&.zJvJ.tl<AcsH.bdy>tpk’.k pkwDRw*RvDRIAeD>
qH;cgt0Jtd.udFzJwDtl(Seint Luke)wDRxDudF’D;
rh>udzF w
d *RvXte>vdR<Ab.w>tJ.tDRvXo&.
o&.rk.wz.vDRIAtw>o;pJvRD qDwcDr>h 0Jw>
vdmuJGzsX.xl<AzsX.uHGmCR(Basket Ball)<A[D.
uH.<A’D;w>wrJ;pkwz.M.vDRIA’DweH.usXRw>
ymyeD.M>udFzdwz.vX(1)w>usJ;pX;<A(2)w>
ouJmy0;<A(3)zsd;pdvXw>vdmuJG=w>*h>oXcg
ymzSd.tzDcd.t0JrRM>b.w>vRuyDRcd.z;wX
ud;eH.’J;M.vDRI
t0JzsdxD.twDRwqHvX(c)ywD>( B
List )zJA1934eH.’D;EkmvDR0JqltJuvH;ok;rk>ylR
vDRIAtrl’grh>0Jo;k p&hb.zD.0J0RJ ’X;p&DywD>vDRI
Arh>vXtw>’due.*hR<Atw>usJ;pX;td.zsgvX
ok;cd.ok;e>wz.rJmngtCdb.w>ymxD.t
vD>tvRql(Burma Rifle )ok;&h.(4)ok;’htDR
y’RrhRuFXRzJA1941AeH.M.vDRIAweH.CDzAJ 1941
(tD.qg’D;toud;ySRt*RA30AvJRxD.ok;w>rR
vdql,y.uD>tcg)ok;cd.rhrD.b.vJRxD.ok;
w>rR vdqluDRvRol uD>?ch;pegok;zF.pdrdRudF/
M. vDRIAxD. ok;w> rR vd weH. 0HRpH.vDR ok; zF.
pdrdRudFzJA1942AeH.’D;’d;M>b.0J?uFRr’R/tJu
vH;y’d.cDr%O.M.vDRI
zJ[D.cd.w>’k;z;’d.cHbsDwbsDqXu
wD>A1943AeH.M.vXw>’k;xD’g,y.ok;rk>zJ
ucFh.uD>pJ.ylRtcgt0Jb.[H;rl’grRoud;
w>vXok;cd.usX>0huh;(General Wingate)tw>
yXqSXzDvm<AcFh’h;(jcaohù)ok;&h.(Chindit Force)
ylRM.vDRIA0huh;w>’k;wdmusJRtcD.xH;uwX>w
bscD gt0Jo.h b.cD*m0J_yv J md us(d ppfaw1if;jrpf)
’D;xD.’k;rRC.uHmG 0J,y.ok;rk>wz.wkRqlyV.
vdm usd({&10wDjrpf)t xHuX>cd.M.vDRIAb.
q.,y.ok;rk>w z.rh>vXteD.*H>tgM> tJu
10 AAAAAAAA
ok;cd.usX>rhrD.
vH;ok;zdtbsDwz.<A’D;tJuvH;ok;wz.tw>
rRpXRwvXwySJRb.<Aw>tD.vlRydmxJGxD.tcH
wvXwvD.b.tCdcFh’h;ok;usdRtHRvD>cHuwX>
b.vDRrk>_yH_yguHmG 0JvRD IAvXw>M.tCdo;k cd.rh
rD.b.[H;rl’g&J.usJRwDcd.&d.rJx;k zSd.uhRtySR
ok;zd(400)*Rwz.’D;b.*kRuhRtcHqu l RD vRol
uD>yp>k ywhRvXtw>&J.w>usJRtzDvmM.vDRI
AvXtw>wDcd.&d.rJw>usJR0JtHRtCdtJuvH;
y’d.[h.rRvRuyDRtDRvX(MC )w>vRuyDRM.
vDRIA(MC)w>vRuyDRtHRvXtJuvH;ok;rk>’d.
tylRrh>w>[h.rRvRuyDRok;tywD>xDuwX>
cHcgwcgM.vDRI
zJA1944AeH.<A0hu;h w>’k;cHbsw D bstD
cgok;cd.rhr.D [JuRh u’D;qlu>D y,DRuvHRpd;t
oDwbsv D Xu’k;zs;d xD.uHmG ,y.ok;rk>t*D>M.
vDRIAb.q.ok;cd.usX>0hu;h eD>up>tubD
,lR[;*DR’D;vDRwJmoHumGH 0JtCdo;k cd.rhr.D b.
uhRu’gqluRD vRolu>D toDwbsu D ’D;vDRIA
wkRrh>[D.cd.w>’k;cHbsw D bs0D RH ,y.ok;rk>wz.
*kRuhRtcHvXuD>y,DRylRzJA1945AeH.tcgM.ok;
cd.rhr.D xD.q.oXzD;’D;[JuRh u’gqlu>D y,DR
vDRIAwkRrh>w>’k;td.xD.(1 Karen Rifle)unD
st
ok;&h.(1)’D;t0Jb.[H;rl’gvXok;&h.yh>qSgcd.
tvD>M.vDRI
zJA1947AeH.M.tvD>vR xD.qlo;k
cd.’d.zd<A’D;vXcHwvgtwD>ylRtvD>tvRxD.
qlo;k cd.’d.*D>*h>('kAv
k d rf LS ;}u;D )’D;uJxD.0JunD
ok;&h.(1)tok;&h.cd.M.vDRI
September 30, 2009
ubsH;yRA11AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAw>qXuwD>zJM.tcg([D.cd.w>’k;
z;’d.cHbsDwbsD0HR<AwcsK;uD>y,DR’d;M>w>obV
’H;b.w>bX.pXRqXuwD>)w>qDvDR’k;td.xD.
uD>y,DRw>zD.pku0JRtok;rk>’d.vXtJuvH;ok;
tw>yXzDvmrh>’ftHRvDRIAuD>y,DRok;rk>’d.ylR
ok;&h.td.0J(15)&h.vXtrh>0J=Burma Rifle y
,DRzD.pku0JRok;&h.eD.*H>(1<A2<A3<A4<A5<A6)<
Karen RifleAunDzD.pku0JRok;&h.eD.*H>(1<A2<A
3)<AKachin RifleucFh.zD.pku0JRok;&h.(1<A2<A
3)< Chin RifleAcDFzD.pku0JRok;&h.(1<2)’D; Chin
Hill BattalianAcJvXmok;&h.td.0J(15)&h.vDRI
Ay,DRzD.pku0JRtok;&h.eD.*H>(1<A3<A4<A5<A6)
A,J>&h.tHRtySRok;zdwz.rh>xJy,DRuvkmvDRI
Ab.q.rhrh>A2 Burma Rifle Aok;&h.M.y
nd
,DRuvkmwy.eDw*Rb.IAok;&h. 0J tHRvX ng
cgrh>0Jo;k cd.usX>0huh;tok;&h.(Chindit Force)
’D;ok;wzktHRrh>xJySRuDR&cgzd<AySRtR_zH;uRzd’D;
ySRuDRvR0gzdwz.vDRIArh>ph>uD;ok;yh>qSgok;&h.
vDRqDM.vDRIAunDo;k &h.oX&h.td.qDvDRo;
[D.u0DRtvD>rh>0J=(1st Karen Rifle)wDtl[D.
u0DR(2nd Karen Rifle)xHx.pU[D.u0DR(jynf
_rdKhe,f)<A(3rd Karen Rifle)uD>y,DRx;cDpuJ
(ppfuikd ;f )[D.u0DRM.vDRI
AAAAAAAAAzJt0Jrh>unDok;&h.(1)tok;&h.cd.
tcg<Ach.tJ.,l.unD’DuvkmpXzSd.u&Xtcd.
te>wz.p;xD.[l;*JRw>vXu’k;M>uhRunD
uD>obVvDRqDt*D>vHvRD IAt0Jx.H pdym0JvXrk>
utd.0JweHRunDzdtw>ChxHChuD>w>*JRvdm
w>rRtHRtywD>uwkRCDR0Jqlw>ub.zD.xD.
w>pku0JRywD>oh.oh.vDRIAzJA1947eH.vg,lR
xD.(16)oDteHRM.rgb;Z.u&Xu&d’;k td.xD.
0Jch.tJ.'H>td.unD’Duvkm*XRo;u&X’D;u&X
tw>ynd.rh>0Jw>uu[kb.H u,mbXunDzd
wz.tw>td.rlt*D>vDRIAuD>y,DRw>obVM>
0HRvXcHweH.vXtrh>0JA1949eH.vg,ElRtg&HR
A31oDteHRM.unDzw d z.p;xD.yX>qX’k;xD’g0J
uD>y,RD y’d.M.vDRIArh>vXy,DRy’d.tok;wz.
tpkvDRqd’D;[JxD.c;unDzdtd.zJc0JcF.tCd
vDRIAunDw>yX>qXp;xD.wbsDCDok;cd.’d.rh
rD.’D;tok;&h.’Dw&h.EkmvDRqlunDw>yX>qXylR
’D;’k;xD’guhRAzqyvAtlE;l y,DRy’d.M.vDRI
zJA1950AeH.vgtDulmA12AoD<A uD>
cd.pDRb;tluHF’D;ok;cd.usX>pJch.b.w>c;oHtDR
vX’k.’gzJwMcFguD>q.<Axd.uD;udo0D0HRvXcH
wvgvXtrh>0JvgpJ;xhbX.A24AoDteHRM.ok;
cd.usX>rhr.D ’D;uD>cd.pDRb;tlutFH rXRud;*h>*D>tl
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ AAAAAAAAAAA
w>td.zSd.vXw>uCkxXxD.u hRuD>cd. vXt
oDw*R t*D>zJpGgvd.<AwDtluD>&h.M. vDRIAw>
td.zSd.wbstH D RySRvXt[JxD.wz.rh>0JuD>cd.
rk.b;tluHF<Aok;cd.usX>rhrD.<Ay’d.uFhRzlndR<Ap
uDRvX>wD<Aok;cd.&Dv.h <Ay’d.zDvzf <D Ay’d.zdnD<
Aok ; cd . xU u D F R ’D ; ok ; cd . tJ ; pf o h M .vD R IAw>
td.zS.d wbst D RH ySRyXRvD>qh.eDRrh>0Jy’d.uFRh zlndR
’D;ySRuJ;G eD.w>rh>0JpuDRvX>wDM.vDRIAw>td.zS.d
wbsDtHRySRtg*Rwl>vdmymusXR0JvXtlv;zh.
(wDol)uzD.xD.uhRuD>cd.rl’gvXpDRb;tlut HF
vD><Atlv;zh.rh>wwl>vdmb.wcDy’d.uFRh zlnRd
ub.zD.xD.uhRuD>cd.tvD>M.vDRIArh>vXtv l ;
zh.wcDvJRql,dRuD>’D;&J.usJRw>vXytd.(wD
ol)w>yX>qXw>*h>w>usdRwcsK;w’;b.’D;*h>
vdm0JtCduFhRzlndRtX.vDRwl>vdm0JvXu[H;
xD.uD>cd.trl’gM.vDRI
uFhRzlndRuhRvDRqlz.yl.vXuzD.xD.
uD>cd.w>rRrl’g’D;zJM.tcHeJcGg[XxX.o.rUqSX
M>tvDysHR[h.ul.tDRvXu’k;td.xD.uhRch.
tJ.,l.unD’u D vkmpXzS.d u&Xrh>’fo;d unDw>
yX>qXuvJRxD.vJRxDqlngcDt*D>M.vDRIA vX
w>*h>wxH.tHRtCduFhRzlndRpH;qXuhR [XxX.
o.rU<Arh>b.u&Xu&dxD.uhRch.tJ.,l.M.
ogwuJuD>cd.vhRwuhRb.’D;[;xD.uHGmvX
z.yl.’D;uhRu’gqlq.rk>yXRM.vDRI
rh>vXw>CkxXxD.uhRuD>cd.toDw
*RvXuD>cd.pDRb;tlut FH vD>wM>nDu’.wbsD
CDb.tCdo;k cd.usX>rhrD.ud;u’D;*h>*D>tlw>
td.zSd.zJA1951AeH.vg,ElRtg&HRA8AoDteHRzJ
pG g vd . ’D ; ’k ; td . xD . 0J u &Xwzk v Xtrh > 0J
(Kawthoolei Governing Body-KGB )vX
uwDcd.&d. rJrRy }wdmqdw> ’fuD>cd.cX.p; w
*Rtod;t*D>M.vDRIAu&XtHRb.w>’k;td.xD.
tDRzJA1951AeH.vg,ElRtg&HRA9AoDteHRvXuD>
&h.’D;ok;uhcd.e>cX.p;cJvXmtw>tX.vDRym
usXRtylRM.vDRIAw>CkxXxD.ch.uHF.bH.u&X
cd.vXy’d.tlv;zh.(wDol)‘D;u&Xcd.cHrh>0Jo;k
cd.usX>rhrD.M.vDRIAb.q.rh>vXtlv;zh.vJR
usJRw>vXwDolw>yX>qX*h>0Dw>rR’D;wcsK;w’;
b.tCdb.w>qDwvJuhRu&Xcd.vXpDR[X
xX.o.rU’;D u&Xcd.cHr>h 0Jo;k cd.usX>rhr.D M.vDRI
AzJA1951eH.Ach.uFH>bH.w>td.zSd.tX.vDRpH.
nD.0JvXuD>olvhRok;zdySRpdmw>pku0JRwz.cJ
vXmw>’k;uJxD.uhRtDRvXuD>olvhRok;rk>’d.
(Kawthoolei Armed Forces)’D;ok;cd.usX>rhrD.
uJx.D 0Ju>D olvRh ok;rk>’d.tok;cd.usX>M.vDRI
11 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A
zJA1961AeH.<Aw>ud>cgvgrR%S;qXu
wD>Ay,DRok;uhA1Atok;zdwz.td.[JxD.vX
csX.vH>G xl.’D;[J0q J zl .yl.rk>xD.wyRqly.[J;
o0DvXok;cd.usX>rhrD.td.w>vD>M.vDRIAy,DR
o;k wz.[JxD.wkRqlw>vD>[D.u0DRtHRwbsD
[;oHuG>oH’D;Ckurl.cJG;cG;w>tgr; vXw>vD>
ud;ylR’J;uql;ql;uwhRwhRM.vDRIAzJM.cgok;
cd.usX>rhrD.’D;t[H.zdCDzdwz.vJRCh>td.cl
ol.ok;o’Xto;zJ0.rhpd<Ao.rdRxH’hw>vD>’J
zdwzsX.tylRM.vDRIAy,DRok;wz.[;Ckurl.
cJG;cG;w>vXw>vD>ud;ylR’J;bl;xD.bl;xD.qlt
td.w>vD>tHRvDRIAok;cd.usX>rhrD.ysJvDR0JtysJ>
pDRzD[(J ySRrScH ’H Xzd)vXuvJRue.’k.’gtupD.t
*D>vDRIA’k.’gok;wz.zD.csK;M>pDRzD[’J ;D orHo
rd;oHu>G 0Jo;k cd.usX>rhr.D td.w>vD>M.vDRIAvD>
cHuwX>rh>vXy,DRok;wz.tw>rRtXrRe;<At
w>rRqgy,GJtDRe;e;uvJmwl>0JcD.0JwM>wySJR
vXRb.tCdb.[JuhRxD.’k;eJ.uhR0Jy ,DRok;
wz.vXok;cd.usX>rhr.D td.w>tvD>zJ0.rHRpd<A
o.rdRxH’Mh .vDRI
wkRvXrk>eR,dmpDRzD[Jw[JuhRyX>xD.
vXRb.’D;’G;0JvX’ .k ’gzD.csK;tDRvHtCdvXcHw
eHRrk>qh.xD.*DR*DRtysJ>wz.*JRqXxX.zD*DRrhRrh>
’fod;tD.rhR0HRuok;vD>ok;usJt*D>vDRIAzJo;k cd.
usX>rhr.D tySR[H.zdwz.’J.G xD.yeJbg,GRvX’JyRl
*DRxX.oXtcgtysJ>pDRpgrD.(ySRwcD;ud>o0Dzd)
pH.vDRvJR’J;w>’d;’D;xH.0JvXy,DRok;wz.[J
wkRvHql’JcD.xH;vHwbsD[JuhRxD.pH.wJb.
w>*h>M.vDRIAok;cd.usX>rhrD.tySRwz.pH.vDR
Ch>ql’zJ v D mcJvXm<Arhr>h tup>td.uhR’.xJw
*RvX’JylR’D;c;qX’k.’gwz.vXw>o;’lylRM.
vDRIA’k.’gc;b.to;egyS>wDwD’D;oH0Jw bsDCD
zJM.’fyRS ’lyRS CdRw*Rtod;ySRJ ’D;w>vRuyDRvXt
ySRuvkmt*D>M.vDRI
y,DRok;uhRvDRpdmtpd.qlrD.vrFJ.<
AuhRud;Ckm’D;trgo&.r.k [JvX>’D;tzdr.k vk>
zdeD>cFLR&HvXubD,lRqlrD.vrJF.M.vDRIAzJM.
0HRtvD>cH’.k ’gwz.vJRymuhRok;cd.usX>rhr.D t
pd.qlw>vD>zJvJ.M.wkRrk>rqgweHRtHRySRw
oh.ngvDRwH>uhRt*h>eDw*RvXRb.IAb.q.
ySRtg*Rqdr.d 0JvX’fu>D cd.pDRb;tlut FH pd.tod;
’k.’gwz.uvJRuHmG vDRuhRtDRqly.D vJ.ylR’fo;d
unDpXRoDzdvXcHwpdRoh.wz.ow k xH.uhRt
oG.cd.w*hR<AunDzdwz.okwoh.eD.xD.uhR
tDReDwbsDw*hR’D;okwrRvRuyDRtDRoheDwbsD
vXRw*hRt*D>M.vDRI
September 30, 2009
qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA
ol.xD.oud;ok;rk>toDwzkvXpDRb;tluFHt*D>
egpd.,gzg
tDuml <A2009
?[h.,RvXw>obV rhwrh> [h.,R
vXw>oH/rh>w>yeD.vXoh.b.uhtvdRzJrReXR
ysD<AvXtrh>wh>unD'DuvkmpXzSd.u&X(ch.tJ.
,l.)t0JRvD>cd.oh.vXtgeH.twD>ylRM.vDRI
Ay'k;w>vXw>obVt*D><A'D;yrh>wrRtDRoXysXR
yySRuvkmySRursX>ub.w>rRoHrR0DtRD uU>uU><
A'D;yw>qJ;w>vRub.w>rR[;*lm[;*DRuGHm
vDRIAok;rDRpd&dRrh>rR'H;to;uU>uU>'fcJtHRrRvH0J
tod;M.vXuD>y,DRtylRunDzdwtd.wD>eDw
*RvXRb.IAyuG>qX.rJm'D;w>CkxXwrHRtHR<A'f
pDRb;tluFHpH;wh>0Jtod;<AuwdRymvDRpku0JRt
*h>w*hRM.vDRI
zJrReXRysDvDRuGHmvXy,DRok;rk>tpkylR
tcgw>oD.0HoJuvRtd.xD.b.C;'D;unD
'DuvkmpXzSd.u&Xtw>td.o;vXcgqlngtcD
ynDt.d 'fv.J M.vDRIAySRCkx.H oh.ngw>tg*R
uwdRqdymw>b.C;'D;unD'DuvkmpXzSd.u
&XtpdRuuwX>uGHmt*h>'D;yw>*JRvdmvXw>o
bVt*D>uuwX>uGmH t*h>oh.wz.M.vDRI
rhrh>vX,eD>up>wcD<A'fzdo.A14A
eH.zdvXttd.zsJ.'D;'d.xD.wh> vXrReXRysDw*R
tod;<Azsgb.,R'fo;d 'D;[D.cd.tpdRuwX>tod;
M.vDRIAt0JM.rh>wh>eD>up>tw>vJRcDzsw d wXm
wegvXy0Jud;*R'J;vXw>rRql.ySRvXyuCh>ylR
zsJ;uGHmyo;orlt*D><A'D;zsg'fod;'D;w>wwXmw
egt'd.trk>td.xD.wrHRvXunDzd'D;yw>*JR
vdmvXw>obVw>xl.zsJ;t*D>M.vDRIA,ysHR
wh>w>vXcgvXtu[Jt*D><Ab.q.w>wl>
C.uGHmyo;wtd.xD.eDwbsDb.IAw>*JRvdm
tHRb.w>qJ;*JRvdmtDRM.vDRIA
vXuwD>tHRw>uGJ;xD&DRvXw>upD.
oh.wz.tylR'D;w>[h.ul.[h.z;'D;w>xH.
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ ubsH;yRA12AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAA
b.C;ok;uhA7t0JRvD>cd.oh.vDRySD>uGHmt*h>
oh.wz.rh>w>vXtvDR*m'D;w>vXySRuGJ;wh>
tDRvXtylRuGmH A14AeH.M.vDRIA'D;rRu'D;vH<AySR
CkxH.oh.ngw>oh.wz.z;qdym0Jw>*h>b.
C;yw>*JRvdmuuwX>uGHmt*h>'D;unD'Du
vkmpXzSd.u&XtpdRuuwX>uGHmt*h>M.vDRIA'D;
rRu'D;vH<At0Joh.tw>uwdRoh.wz.rh>w>
vXtur.M.vDRI
ySRtw>z;qdymyw>*JRvdmtpdRuu
wX>uGHmt*h>M.wrh>w>toDeDwrHRb.IAzJw>
qD.zsd;xD.uGHmySRvX0h>thph.zJA1949AeH.twD>
ylRph>uD;w>z;qdymuwdRqdymw>'fod; tHRtd.
wh>0J'.M.vDRI
zJA1950AeH.vgzhR-bLRtg&HRA27oDt
eHR<AM.0hpH;wh>EFL,D;xJA(trJ&uRtvHmw>u
pD.)AtySRxX w>u pD.zdw*RvXw>rReXR uGHmA
?ySRylx.D w>zd/Aub.w>rR0HRtDRvXvgrhRzJt
eH.0JM.tylRM.vDRIAylRuGHm,J>qHcGHeH.cJtHRt0J
wtd.rlvXRb.<Aemouhyw>*JRvdmtHRvJR 'H;
uU>uU><A'D;ywC.uGmH b.I
1950AeH.zJwDtl<Ay0JRvD>cd.oh.t
cD.xH;uwX>wwDR<AvDRySD>uGHm'D;weH.CDzJyySR
ok;zdo.H zdtg*Rb.w>eD.[;xD.uGmH tDRvXxH
x.pU[D.u0DRtcgw>pH;b.wh>ySRvXyw>*JR
vdmtrk>eHRrk>oDo.h wz.bl;uuwX>uGmH vHM.
vDRIA'D;w>z;qdymw>vXy*D>oh.wz.rh>w>vX
tur.u'D;vHp>h uD;M.vDRI
yw>*JRvdmtHRtd.vHA60AeH.vH<Ab.
rEkRtCdy'k;'H;w>vJ.IAw>tHRrh>vXyw>wdm
xlvXrReXRyspD ;H b.ySRvXyw>CkxXtd.'.w>o
bVArhwrh>Aw>oHM.vDRI
rh>emouh<Aok;uhA7Aok;0JRvD>cd.
oh.tw>vDRySD>uGHmtHRrh>w>vXte;tusHR vDR
M.yorXtDRwohb.IAw>tHR'k;td.xD.0Jw>
b.'db.xH;vXySRulySRunD*h>0Db.xGJw>vd.
wuyR<AxH%>l uD>oJ;<Aok;*h>0D';D us.d ph*>h 0Dwz.
M.vDRIAy,DRok;rk>'D;tod.rSRH 'H>ch.bH.th.oh.
wz.zsgvXt0Joh.urR'H;w>xD.'k;wz.M.
vDRIAyySR*H>bg'D;yw>pku0JRoh.wz.td.'H;*D>
rk>M.vDRIAunD'Duvkmw>xl.zsJ;ok;rk>'d.'D;
unD'Duvkm*XRo;u&XtySRt'ltydmrk.ydmcGg
oh.wz.[h.vDRto;orl'D;wl>w>e;w>zSD.
12 AAAAAAAA
vXw>'Do'XuhRyySRuvkmt*D>M.vDRIAywtd.
'D;yySReD.*H>'D;yw>tCXRtCd>vXtuXuD.'D;
yu'k;zsd;uGHmy,DRok;rk>vXuD>olvhRtylRb.<A
yySRuvkmvXtuxdwz.tuxdb.w>[D
ql.[Dpd;xD.uGHmvXy[H.vXtrHRvmvXtu
xdwz.tuxdM.vDRIAb.q.w>'k;tysDw
z.td.'H;0JvXy'k;w>uoht*D>'D;yub.'k;'H;
w>qlngM.vDRIAy0JvXtrh>ySRtd.u'kt.d y[X
vXySRxHyRS uD>oh.wz.ytd.'D;w>cG;J *hR,mb.<
Aytd.'D;yrly'gvXyurRtDRt*D>M.vDRIA
zJA1950AeH.tylRpDRb;tluFH<AySR vX
t'k;td.xD.unD'DuvkmpXzSd.u&X<Ab.w>
u0DRc;oHtDRvXy,DRok;rk>M.vDRIAb.q.zJ
M.tcgt0JwvJR0JvXok;*h>0Dtw>ynd.t*D>
b.IAt0Jtd.vXusJwDRvdRvXtuvJRqluD>
uFD.wJ.M.vDRIAt0JtJ.'d;vJRql0h>bDuD;zJySR
xXw>upD.zd'D;xH'd.uD>vJ>tcX.p;tg'Htg*R
td.0JtvD>< A'D;t0JuvJRrRvDRwH>0J'fod;[D.
cd.'Dbh.uoh.ngyw>*JRvdmt*D>M.vDRIAt
0Je>yX>0JvX'fyvd.b.w>'k;'D;w>&Xu&dw>vX
u'Do'XyySRuvkmySRursX>t*D>tod;yvd.b.
[D.cd.bDr>k tw>qD.oeH;ph>uD;M.vDRI
ylRuGHmA59AeH.vH<Ayub.,D>xD.
pDRb;tluFHtcD.vD>wz.M.vDRIAyub.vlR
ydmrRxGt J w>wdmul.usRJ vXt0JwrRzsgxD.b.
'H;trd>vHRrd>yS>M.vDRIAyub.&d.zS.d [D.cd.bD
rk>tySRw0XvXup;xD.[l;xD.*JRxD.t*D>M.
vDRI
vXeD>pH.zd&.ph.tw>wDcd.&d.rJtzD
vmyxH.b.vXunD'DuvkmpXzSd.u&XtHR t
w>uwdRM>cJ;w>vX[D.cd.bDrk>tywD>M>tg
xD.0J'.M.vDRIAvHmymzsgvXtymzsgb.C;w>
rRto;vXtoDwz.rRrlxD.0JunD'DuvkmpX
zSd.u&Xtuh>t*DR<A'D;rRzsgxD.0Jyuvk><A'D;
w>rh>w>wDb.C;'D;w>rEkRvXtrRto;'D;y
ySRuvkmtzXrk><A'D;w>oh.wz.tHRb.w>ym
zsgxD.tDRvXw>upD.tylRvJRyX>wkRvXxH'd.
uD>vJ>ty'd.yyS>'D;bDrk>pXzSd.u&Xttd.'.
vJmvHM.vDRI
w>ok;vD>ok;usJtw>wdmusJRtcDy
nDr>h 0JctJ RH unDztd .d 'D;tok;rk>toDwzkvMH .
vDRIAb.oh.oh.cJtHRvXuD>rk>EkmxHuD>oh.w
September 30, 2009
ubsH;yRA13AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA
z.tylRunDzu d td.vHvXt*RA40<000A(vG>H
uv;)AvHM.vDRIA
ok;rk>wzktHRub.'k;w>vX[D.cd.
bDrk>tySRw0Xw>'k;tysDylRM.vDRIAyub.rR
ql.xD.yw>&RvDR'k;oh.ng'D;yub.pH;uwdR
w>vXxHuD>y'd.oh.wz.'D;bDr>k pXzSd.u&Xt
rJmng'fod;'D;t0Joh.u[l;xD.*JRxD.t*D>M.
vDRIAcJtHRyu vk>vJRwkRohvHvXw>vD>oh.w
z.tylR'D;ySRursX>vXxHx.pU[.D u0DR<AvXuD>
olvhRupX>cd.uvdusg'D;vXuD>qXb.uDb.
cJ'Ju0DRtylRvXtymzsgxD.tuvk>woheDw
bsw D z.M.vDRI
zJvgxD.oDoDwvgtHRtylRunDzd
vXuD>,l&yR'Dwbh.tylR[JymzSd.xD.to;
vXu'k;td.xD.uD>,l&yRunDbs;pJu&Xt*D>
M.vDRIAunDzdvXuD>trJ&uR<AuD>cJe'>'D;tD;
p-xhv,gtylRoh.wz.ph>uD;ymzS.d xD.to;
tzXrk>M.vDRI
yoh.ngvXw>uwdRM>cJ;w>tHR'k;
td.xD.w>qDwvJoh0J'.M.vDRIAypH;bsK;b.
ySR vXt vDR u &X u&d';k oh.ngw>'d.r;<AcJtHR
vXuD>}bH;wh.tylRxHuD>y'd.p;xD.rRtgxD.
tphqD.xGJvXySRb.uDb.cJoh.wz.t*D>'D;
t0Joh.p;xD.qD.x GJrRpXRrJ>wD>w>qg[H.vH
M.vDRIA}bH;wh.ty'd.ymzsgxD.ph>uD;w>td.
o;vXuD>y,DRtrk>xD.wuyRvXbDr>k pXzS.d u
&XbH.bXuD.u;tw>td.zS.d tylRvHM.vDRIAzJ
w,HmwrD>b.twD>ylR,l&yRpXzSd.u&Xymzsg
xD.0Jtw>ymzsgtqduwX>wbsv D XySRtgtg*D>
*D>trJmngb.C;'D;w>xD.'k;unDzdt*h>M.
vDRIAyub.rR'H;w>vXcgqlngtgM>tM.<A'D;
w>oh.wz. tHRrh>cD.cgtqduwX>vXt&h'd.
oh.wz.M.vDRI
y0JcJvXmyuuhRb.qly[H.vXuD>
y,DRvXtySJR'D;w>obV'D;ySJR'D;'H>rd.jch.pH.t
ylR<AzJyurh>uhRunDzdvXw>obVtylRvXyw
b.ysHRb.zk;vXyuoHtCdArhwrh>Aw>qD.o
eH; usHRoHySRtCdb.M.vDRIAb. q.'f,y><A
y'd.rg%S.vgzgpH;wh>0Jtod;<Aw>obVM.w
rh>w>vXySRu [h.uvDySRb.IAyub.rRw>
vXw>obVt*D>M. vDRIAyub.rRw>vXw>
M.t*D>wkR'.vJmzJyrh>td.,HR'D;y[H.yCD'.
0JtrHRvmvXtuxdwz.tuxdM.vDRIAtg
M>tM.<Ab.wb.yutd.'D;w>cG;J *hR,mb.
vXyurRw>t*D>tgM>'H;zJytd.'H;vXuD>y,DR
t ylRArhwrh>AzJuD>qXo&hRtcgM.vDRIAcJtHR y
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ AAAAAAAAAAA
td.'D;w>obVcGJ;,m'D;w>cGJ;*hR,mb.tgM>
tvD>M.vDRI
ol.xD.oud;ok;rk>toDwzkvXpDR
b;tlut HF *D>wuh>IAunDzv
d Xtuxdwz.t
uxdvX[D.cd.'Db.h uqD.oeH;[D.cd.bDr>k t
w>xH.
yySRuvkmqXxH.b.yw>wDcd.&d.rJ
e;pX'hxlch.§cd.e>pXRoDbs;H '0J>
vg,lRA23<A2009
pdRchcgw>qXuwD><AyunDuvmk t
w>b.uG>qX.rJmw>td.o;wRw>'D;y0JunD
o;p>wz.vX<AyuwDcd.&d.rJyySRuvkm{grh
wrh>yuysy,D J Ruvkm'd.pdo;k rDRpd&Rd yXql.rReXR
yySRuvkm{gM.vDRI
ok;rDRpd&dRy'd.vXt[H;Cm0J'.y,DR
uvkm'd.pdoEl<AusJ;pX;rRpDS>uGHmuvkm'l.wz.
vXuD>y,DRtylR<A'fod;uD>y,DR'Dwbh.urh>uhR
0JySRwuvkm{dR<AwoG.H <Awusmd CDt*D>M.vDRIA
ymvDRwh>0Jt[D.cd.*DRw>eJ.usAJ 7bD'D;tywD>
wkRvXA2010eH.urR0J'.uD>'Dbh.w>CkxXt
*D> 'D;u wD>tHR xD. 'k; ySR yX> qX w> zd w z. t w>
vD><A'k;vDRCdmuGHmySR*JRxH%l>uD>oJ;wz.vXxH
vD>uD>ylR<AuwJmuwDRcGyJ sym D pXRtusM.vJ RD IA
unDzdvXttd.zsJ.xD.vXunDrk.
t'XvD>ylRwz.'D;ySRvXttd.zs.J xD.CkmvXuD>
y,DRtylRwz.tvD>td.vXub.qdrd.xHw>
'D; xD 'g o ud; ok; y 'd.t w> &J. w> usJR tHR M.
vDRIArh>qXuwD>vXyunDzd'D;xHzduD>zdvXuD>
y,DRtylRwz.ub.uJxD.ok;tuk>zd;oJp;t
rJmngok;uyXzd;oJp;w>'D;utD.wlmtD.uvDR
uGmH xHuD>tw>vk>'d.yOR'd.wz.M.vRD IA
yunDo;p>wz.<AypH;vXytJ.yySR
uvkm<AyrRw>vXyySRuvkmt*D>uoht*D>y
CkrRvdw><Ay[h.vDRyw>qXuwD>vXyunD
uvmk t*D>zJw>ohtd.'D;ySRb.q.,xH.vX<A
yrh>wtd.'D;w>&J.w>usJRvDRwH>vDRqJ;b.M.
w>qXuwD>u,Hm'H;0J'D;ud;eHR'J;M.yySRuvkm
zSH.vDRCJRvDRuGHm0J'.vXw>qdurd.ul.xD.
w><AeD>cdeD>o;*H>bgwz.vXw>b.uG>qX.rJm
tCdM.vRD IA
,xH.vXyrh>wEkmbsXvDRo;qlyu
rsX>tusgvXyrh>woGH.CDwn.CD vXw>b.
13 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A
ySRw0X'fod;uoh.ngb.0J<A'D;u[l;xD.*JR
xD.t*D>M.vDRIAzJytd.wylRv>v>yuqJ;*JR
vdmw>M.vDRIAywwl>C.yo;ymvDRpku0JReD
wbsDb.<AunDzduxl.zsJ;xD.'D;obVxD.o
yS>uwX>M.vDRI
uG>qX.rJm'D; w>ol.xD.uhRuvkmbl.wD>M.
vhRwuhRywkRqlw>rReXRwohb.IAursX>rh>y*H>
bg cd. oh. vX w> 'k; M> uhR y w> cGJ; w> ,m <A w>
td.uXtd.cd;'fySRwuvkmtod;M.vRD IA
ylRuGHmpSREG<A
H ybsH;'0J>cd.e>pXRoDyxH.
ul.vdmtd.oud;'D;Ckoh.ngyursX>wz.t
w>td.o;tqXuwD><AxHzduD>zdvX[JxH.vdm
td.oud;weDRtw>ymzsg'D;tw>rk>v>vXyySR
uvkmw>*JRvdmtzDcd.w>vX,o;yhReD.woh
'D;xH.rSoD
H .xDCmvX,e>ylRM.rh>t0JtrJmxH<
AuwdRw>vXw>o;vDRuwHmtylR<AtusgoX*R
pH;0J?w>vDRySD>0HRyb.td.vDRz;'D;ycd.ye><A,
tJ. 'd; xH. , ySR uvkm wkR '. vJm , b. ysdm vJ
vdm,o;vXySRvJRwcGJrRtD.n.<Aemuh,w
xH.b.b.<A,b.bsXvDRo;vX'k.'gy,DRw
z.tusg<AcJtHR,xH.b.,o;ck/A
?zJ,b.0HM>y,DRok;tw>tcg<Aw>
tD.'D;xHwtd.<A,vDRbSH;qguh<A,qXxH.,
ySRuvkm<A,rk>v>tw>rRpXR,R<A,qdrd.rh>
ttd.bl;zJ,uydmuyRph>uD;{g<A,CkuG>pl.
t0Joh.<A,emvXrh>xH.,RM.rRpXR,RohwrHR
rHRtpSRuwX>,utD.b.w>/
? , xH. b. cd.e > ySR rR oud; w> y.
Ckmydmrk.ydmrXRok;rk>oH.bd'ftHRvDR*m'f,xH.
xD.uhRrlcd.tw>uyDR/M.vRD IA
,Re;pX'hxlch. zJ,e>[lw>ymzsgw
z.tHRtqXuwD>,o;ql.xD.<A'D;,tX.vDR
,ySRuvkmvX<AcJtHR'D;qlng,uol.xD.,
o;'funDuvkmcd.e>w*Rtod;vXw>wDcd.&d.
rJtd.'D;w>rRw>&J.w>usJRvDRwH>vDRqJ;t*D>
M.vDRIA
t0Joh.rh>yursX>wz.vXttd.vXy
,DRok;w>yXzDvmp;xD.A1997eH.y,DRok;w>
xD.'k;rRM>uGHmch.tJ.,l.uD>&h.bsH;'0J>ok;uhA
40HRtvD>cHM.vDRIAw>td.o;wrHRCDtHRuqD.
oeH;yySRuvkmvXuD>&h.t*Rwz.'D;weDRM.u
September 30, 2009
qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA
rh>w>e;M>ttHR'D;t'd.ttgyunDzdrHR'd.oGg
vXw>b.rRoHrR0DvdmuhRo;M.vDRIA
tcD.xH;,xH.'.xJw>td.o;zJuD>
qX <A uD> csX 'D; ySR vD> td. ur SH w> vD> w z. , ySR
uvkmtw> b.uG>qX.rJmb.q.zJyEkmvDR
uhR ql u rsX> vX 'k. 'g w> ym zSd. tvD> M> t qX
uw D> <A yySR u vkmt w> b. uG>qX. rJm w z.
[h.,Rw>o;'h'DvX,ub.emtDRM.vDRIAvDR
*meD>eD>r;'fusD>rd>w'kvXw>qH;tDtEk>xHud;*DR
ud;[gb.q.w>wys>tCktD.tq.'D;w>pX
wH>CmtDR<A,Hm,HmtEk>xHwtd.vXR'D;ySRpH>t
Ek>xHuvDRuhRvXtoG.H M.vDRIA
,oh.eD.xD.,vJRb.zJwH.vdmySR
vD>td.urSHw>vD>wwDR(uyFD.[D.u0DR<AuD>
q.vX>rk>vg<AuD>&h.bsH;'0J>)'l.zdxXzdw'l.
vXtd.0JA4*RM.'GJ.tloHvDRuGHmo;vX[H.'Dw
zsX.cDzsdw>b.uG>qX.rJmtuvkmuvkm'D;o;
*H>bgwtd.vXRtCd'd.M>tgM>ttHRvX,qd
rd.tDRwb.b.M.vRD IA
'fvJ.*hR<Ay0JunDo;p>wz.yqDw
vJuGmH yySRuvkmtw>td.o;vXtylRuGmH wz.
rh>wohvXR0Jb.q.<Ay[H;M>w>rRvd'D;vJvdm
uGHmw>td.o;cJtHR'D;qlngoh'H;0JM.rh>,w>
xH.vDRIAyrh>td.cd;vXcJrk>qh.r;,urR'kweHR
tHR'D;cJrk>eRt*D>rh>yySRuvkmuoH[gr>'H;ySJR*R
vJ.M.yqdrd.xHuG>cJtHRohvHM.vDRIA
w eHR M. , wJ oud;w>'D; unD cGg vX
vJRtd.u'kvXtrJ&uRw*RpH;0J<A,ue.bD,
w>td.rltHRwvDRqDvXRb.IA,usJ;pX;uJxD.
ySRt*RwuvkmM.rh>,wymvk>ymyORuhR,ySR
uvkm 'D;,ymuJuhR,ySRuvmk vXySRw*dmw
oD.tuvkm{gM.vDRIA,wrR,Hm,o;vXR
b.IA,uuhRrRoud;uhRw>vXw>yX>qXtylR
vDRIAxJt0Jtw>uwdRM.rh>w>vXtymzsgxD.
yySRo;p>tw>o;q;vXyySRuvmk t*D>'D;rh>rR
xGJ0JvXtd.'D;w>&J.w>usJRvDRwH>vDRqJ;oXysXR
u rh> w> csH t q; w zsX. vX y ySR uv mk t *D> M.
vDRIA'fvJ.*hR<A'f,rh>unDydmrk.w*Rtod;<A,
cd;uG>v>t0JydmcGgtw>[JuhR'D;rRpXR,R<Ab.
vJ.cJtHR,R'D;,unDcGgunDrk.vXxHvD>uD>
ylRwz.yw>ohw>b.<A*H>bgxJod;t-uX;td.
0JM.wvXySRJ xD.'H;b.tCdvDRIA
yySRuvkmoh.ngrwRvXtrReXR<ArR
oHt0Joh.<Awl>b.wh>w>rEkR'D;wtJ.'d;wl>
vXRb.emuhb.wl>0J<Aul.xD.0JemuhrR0Jw
bl.'D;cd;uG>v>0JvXySRw*R*R<Aw>u&Xu&dwzk
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ ubsH;yRA14AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAA
zkvXtemM>0Johrh>vJRvXtrJmng<Arh>td.vX
tusg'D;wDcd.&d.rJt0Joh.M.vDRIA
tcJtHR<A,tJ.'d;pH;u'D;<Arh>eR{grh>
,R{g<AvXyu[H;vdmpkuGJ;ymvDRw>rR&J.usJR
'D;qJ;rRzsgxD.w>rRtrd>vHRrd>yS>M.vDRIAvHm
w>uGJ;vX,z;b.tusgwbh.pH;0J<Aol.vDRe
w>qdurd.'D;euul;b.uhRw>rR<Aol.vDRw>
rR'D;euul;b.uhRevk>ev><Aol.vDRevk>e
v>'D;euul;b.uhRew>ouJmy0;'D;ol.vDRe
w>ouJmy0;0HRtvD>cHeuul;b.uhRw>rReXR
M.vRD IA
yrh>xH.xJw>uDw>cJM.yrRw>woh<
‘k;rl,RwkRvXw>obVM>
ucF0h g(uJRG uvk>)
tDuml A10<A2009
usD>eD.0HR<At0J[JuhRvDRvXtck;vX
ttd.vXw>,GJ> uyR<Arlcd.xHwcDplRvDRzSH. 0J
’.M.vDRIA[D.cd.bVovH;b.q.t0Jwym
CXtcD.b.IAtw>eHRurSHymzsgxD.0JzJyqX*hR
qX0gtDR M.vDRIAttHRrh>unDw>yX>qXzdw *R
tw>td.rl<ArRw>yX>qXwcDcD<ArRtD.ck;wcDcD
vXt[H.zdCDzd’D;tySRuvkmuxl.zsJ;xD.vX
uD>y,DRok;rDRpd&dRy’d.w>qD.wH>rReXRtzDvm
t*D>M.vDRIA
eD.eJ.zsgAok;cd.,DRApDRn.uF.D <A47A
eH.<Arh>ok;uhA4AySRzD.w>qJ;us;d eD.0HmcHw*RvX
trRwh>w>yX>qXA28AeH.<AzJtzsdxD.rJ>orH>
x.uD>olvRh uFAd 5AwDR0HRtvD>cHM.vDRIA
ok;cd.,DRn.uFD.<AtcD.*hRxJwcD’D;
rh>ySRrDr-xK.zdw*RM.vDRIAt0Jtrd>ty>rh>ySR
vXttd.vXypDRtl;o0Db.q.cDzsv d Xy,DRok;
w>rRtXrRe;tCdt0Jo.h b.[JC>h rStd H .clo.l
zJrDr-xK.o0DwcsK;t0Jtd.zsJ.xD.vHRvHRM.
vDRIAok;cd.,DRn.uFD.tw>’d.xD.trd>ty>
t zHtzkwJ,Rk tDRvXt 0Joh.b. Ch>y,DR ySRyX
w>p;xD.pDRyR(yuDtpdR)vHRvHRM.vDRIA
t0J[;H rl’gvXunD’u D vkmw>xl.zs;J
ok;rk>’d.tw>qJ;usd;ySJRw>o;pGHuwkRzJ t0Jt
oud;tg*Rymwh>uGmH w>yX>qXM.vDRIAtoud;
vXtxD.w>rRvd’;D tDRzJto;p>tcgA12A*Rt
cJtRH td.wD>’.tDRw*RvDRIAw>td.o;rh>vJvdm
14 AAAAAAAA
AwcsK;wuJeDwbsD'D;w>uJxD.woheDwrHRvXR
b.IAyutd.cd;w>cGJ;w>,m<Aw>td.o;uqD
wvJto;{gIAyutd.cd;vXycd.e>o;yS>wz.
oHo'.<A*H>bgp>vDRuGHmvXmr;yuqJ;zD.xD.
rl'g{gIA'f,rh>o;p>w*Rtod;<AySRvX,rRo
ud;w>urkmuwX>rh>'.o;p>'fod;,R<Ao;yS>pSR
*RvXuzD.usXRuG>pl.u,mySRM.vDRIAcDzsdt0J
oh.t*H>bgp>vDRwh>b.q.tcd.Elmw>oh.
ng<Aw>vJRcDzsvX
d trRvdM>wh>0Jwz.rh>w>tD.
M>*H>M>bguwX>vXyo;p>w>cgxD.ycD.<Aw>
uG>qX.rJmw>uDw>cJvXtcd;o*X>vDRySRwz.
M.vDRIA
uGHmvXunDw>yX>qXtuvkmuvkmb.q.
t0Jw[h.tC.b.IAt0Jp;H 0J<?ch.tJ.,l.rh>
wtd.b.oXysXRuD>y,DRok;rDRpd&Rd wz.urRySR
e;’d.M>ttHRwuh>vDRIAyySRunDtHRurR0JwkR
tvDRr>M.vDRI/A
?yrR(eD.eJ.zsg)tHRwbsb D seD tD.rhRr;
wcsK;b.IAwbsb D sb
D .rRrk>eRrk>qg’D;b.’G.J ’D;
yeJ’D;rRvDRI/ t*h>t0JpH;0JvDRIA t0JpH;0JvXt
ol.xD.ySRo;p>wz.b.q.od.vdx.D 0J0RH w
eDR[gr>uGmH 0J‘.M.vDRIA
ok;cd.,DRAn.uFD.xD.yS>zJA 1987A
eH.M. vDRI At0Jtzdtd.A4A*R’D;trXR wcDrh> y
,DRuvkmrk.(ySR’0J>zd)M.vDRIAt0Jp;H ?,rgrhw
rh>unDuvkmoemuh<At0Jrh>ySRvXtqD.xGJ
unDw>yX>qX’D;qD.xGJ,RvX,w>zH;w>rRt
ylRvXvXySRJ ySRJ M.vDRI”A
cDzsdt0JxD.yS>’D;y,DRuvkmtCdt
wHRoud;weDRwJqgtDRM.vDRI t0JwJu’guhR
qlubs;H yRA19
September 30, 2009
ubsH;yRA15AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA
uFD.wJ.eD[;xD.uGHmuD>qXySR vD>td.urSHzeJ dRbd
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgxD.A7oD
tDuml A26<A2009
weHRtHRzJ[gcDA4;00Ae.
&H.tqXuwD>uFD.wJ.ok;'D;uD>
q.bH.bXwz.vJReD[;xD.ql.
uGHm0J'.ySRb.uDb.cJutd.A26
'l.zJAedRbdAw>ymy}wdmunDursX>
vXtCh>xD.cDzsd'H>ch.bH.th.t
w>xD.'k;ok;uhA7AzJtylRuGHmvg
,lRtylRM.vDRIA
ySRb.uDb.cJvXuFD.
wJ.ok;vJReDxD.ql.uGHmtDRwz.
tHRrh>0J'.unDursX>vXttd.vX
ok;uhA7A[D. u0DR wz.vXt[J
Ch>td.zJuD>uFD.wJ.ylRzJtylRuGHm
w>xH.M>uvHRusdRw>qg(xd;w>qg)zJrJ>v;'Ju0DR
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>xD.A2oD
tDulmA21<A2009
zdo.A4*Rb.w>xH.M>
tDRvXttd.'D;(H1N1)w>qgzJrJ>
v;w>qg[H.p;xD.vgtDulmA2
oDteHRt*h>(SMRU)rJ>v;w>qg
[H.rl'gcd.wJb.uGRJ uvk>vDRIA
'fySRb.rlb.'gwJzsg0Jt
od;<AzJvgtDulmA2oDteHRydmrk.zd
o.A3eH.w*R[JxD.w>qg[H.'D;
w>ud>xD.<Aul;<Ab.ork.w>ud>
wvDRb.tCd(SMRU Showklo
Malaria Research Unit)A%Sdusdw>
Cd xH oh. ng b. C; w> n. *d> u
%l>ySRb.rlb.'gwz.rRuG>teg'h
th.0HRzJvgtDulmA5oDteHRw>xH.
M>vXt0Jtd.'D;(H1N1 )w>qgy
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ AAAAAAAAAAA
pSReH.zJedRbdAwv;tDusg<AcsX. cd.
A'D;uhRzH;tD.rRtD. qlunDuD>w
uyRM.vDRIA
b.q.zJw>xD.'k;0HRt
vD>cHt0Joh.uhRrRtD.w>vXunD
uD>wuyRwohvXRb.<AuhRtd.
ph>uD;uhRtd.0Jwbl.b.<Atd.vX
uD>uFD.wJ.wuyR{D>w>rRpXRwM>
eDwrHRtCdt0Joh.EkmvDRtd.u'k
CkmvXw>ymy}wdmunDursX>vX
tCh>xD.wz.tusgvDRIA
'fvJ.*hRuFD.wJ.ok;wcD
vJReDxD.ql.uGHm'D;rXuhRtd.u'g
uhRqltw>vD>'fAedRbdAwv;tD
usg<A'D;csX.cd.M.vDRIAySRoh.wz.
tHRt*D>rh>w>uDw>cJtd.vXuD>
eD.M.vDRIAcJtHRw>xH.M>tgxD.zd
o.A3*RvXto;eH.td.A1eH.'D;A
3eH.bX.pXRzJrJ>v;w>qg[H.vX
ttd. 'D; w> qg w u vkm tHR b.
q.w>[h.vDRuoH.'D;td.'.vX
t0Joh.t[H.'.0Jt*h>vDRIA
rJ>v;vD>td.u'k'Ju0DR
rh>unDySRb.uDb.cJySRteD.*H>
tguwX>ySReD.*H>td.0JA32<234A*R
t*h>u&XvXtrRpXRySRb.uDb.cJ
xH.bH.bH.pH.ymzsg0JzJvg,lRvH
tylRM.vDRIA
b.C;w>qg(H1N1-
2009 )tHR[JuJxD.o;'fvJ.t*h>
o&.usd.xlvXtrRw>vXrJ>wD.
w>qg[H.pH;0J<A?ySRvXtb.w>
qgM.w>ud>xD.<AuogCH;<A'Dw
*RM.tn.qg<Audm,l>'dqg<Aeg'h
15
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A
uFD.wJ.tylRph>uD;wrh>ySRzd;oJp;
b.'D;uJx.D 0J'.'fyRS vXtb.td.
urSvH XxHqXuD>qXwz.M.vDRIA
w>oh.ngb.w>vD>zJ
edRbdvXw>ymy}wdmympXRySRb.uD
cHbH;<Aulm<Aegth.xHvDR<Arh>wkR
vXuoguwHm'kyuwJvX'd.xD.
vH<Aw>qgtuh>yeD.M.uvDR*m
vdm o; 'D; wd. uU 'D 'l. ngt Cd w>
qg t uh> y eD. M. e u ym y eD. vDR
wH>vDRqJ;wM>b.I/
t0JpH;ph>uD;0JvX<Aw>'D
o'X'd.'d.rk>rk>M.yrRwohb.IAy
ub.'Do'Xu;bXyeg'hcH<Au;bX
yudmylR0HRyrh>vJR[H;zD.w>vXw>
cd.w>CXRwrHRv>v>M.*hRyohu
qSyD pkxDbd<At*hRuwX>M.yrh>ohy
pkud;bs'JD ;zJyvJRzD.w>wrHRv>v>
M.vDRIAb.vJ.M.yuzD.b.ySReg
th.<Ax;cd.xHo.h oh0<J Aw>qgtHR
b.*mvXw>uogxD.uogvDRu
vHRusdR<Au,J>yeD>cdb.xGJuvHR
usRd wz.M.b.*moh0JtCdyud;
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
w>*DR=ucFh0g
b.cJvXtCh>xD.wz.tusgM.
ySRb.td.urSHvXxHqXuD>qX'f
tHRvJREkmvDRtd.u'kCmk 0J'.A80A
'l.M.vDRIAA
ph>uD;vX?uvHRusRd w>qgM.vDRIA
AAAAAA?,tJ.'d;[h.ul.ph>uD;vX
ySRud;*R'J;rh>oh.ngvDRo;vXt
ul;<AuqJ<Atd.'D;w>qgtuh>y
eD.wz.M.rh>w[;vXySRusgM.*hR
uwX>vDRIA*hRtd.vX[H.'D;rRvXR
o; tD xH ud> <A rh> [; vX ySR usg '.
vJmrh> u;bXteg'hcHM.*hRuwX>
vDRI/A
H1N1 b.rEkRCdySRud;
vXxd;w>qgt*h>M.w>xH.M>w>
qguJxD.o;tcD.xH;cD.bdvXySR
rRoHxd;oh.wz.tvD><Axd;teg
'hxH,GRb.q.vXcHw>Ckoh.ng
'D; w> w ud; tDR vX xd; w> qg vXR
b.IAw>ud;uhRtDRvXA2009AeH.
uvHRusdRw>qgwuvkmM.vDRIA
September 30, 2009
qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA
b.uDcd.e>w>ys>u'guhRb.td.clol.
uJGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA2oD
pJ;yxhbX.A5<A2009
tlol.x.ySRb.uDb.
cJ'Ju0DRcH*RvXtb.w>zD.tDRvX
uFD.wJ.ySRb.rlb.'gzJtylRuGHm
vgpJ;yxhbX.A2AoDteHR<Aw>ys>u
'guhRzJr[guXmteHR'D;uwD>tHR
b.td.vXw>ymo'Xo;M.vDRIA
'Ju0DRySRb.rlb.'gAyl
vlpH; 0JvXAuFD.w J.ySRb.rlb.'g
uhRzD.t0Joh.rXtqJ;pkr>k usX>qJ;
pkr>k 0HRtw>uhRymt0Joh.zJrJ>wD>
w>'k;CmM.vDRIAuFD.wJ.o0Dol.
uho;yS>wz.tw>[Jtk.uDRo;
b.q.uFD.wJ.ok;wys>u'guhR
t0Joh.b.IAtw>pH;vXt0Joh.
w>EkmvDRzD.ySRChtD.w>zJrJqD;
uGRJ uvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA6oD
pJ;yxhbX.A9<A2009
uFD.wJ.ySRb.rlb.'g
zD.0J'.ySRuD>y,DRzdvXtEkmvDR
td.qd;wzd;oJp;'D;ySRChtD.w>zdA
100A*RC.C.zJAuD>uF.D wJ.0h>rJ
qD;tylR<AzJr[gweHRt*h>th.&.0
wH.w>upD.ymzsg0JM.vDRIA
uFD.wJ.ok;'D;w>uG>xGJ
w>EkmvDRuD>ylR0JRusRd tySRrRw>zdw
z.vlRzD.ySRCht.D w>zJrq J ;D 0h>zFgylR
t*h>ySRvXtrRw>b.C;ySR*h>0DzrJ J
qD;w*RpH;b.th.&.0wH.M.vDRI
ySR[l;*JRvXuD>y,DRzdt
*D>urHwHm(JACBA )tlrdpdpH;0JvX<
?rJq;D zFgtylRtcsXcJvXmM.rJq;D 0h>
tySRb.rlb.'g[JvXteD>up>'D;
[;zD.w>M.vDRI/
w>ywkmuGHmzFg'D;w>vlR
CkzD.w>tCdvXySRuD>y,DRzdw
z.tw>zH;w>rRt*D>M.uJxD.
wbHblpRS CRM.vDRIA
ySRvXtySRh tD.w>vXzFgylR
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ ubsH;yRA16AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAA
b.xGJ'D;bDrk>pXzSd.u&XySRb.rl
b.'gtCdvDRIA
vXcHw>w>[h.vDRt0J
oh.qlcDuD>yXRuD>(wDrD)tpkylR'D;
w>qSXt0Joh.qlrJqD;CdmM. vDRI
A'fvJ.*hRvXcHySRb.rlb.'gvXuD>
qXweDRtw>[Jt.uD k Ro;tzDc.d
w>ys>vDRu'guhRt0Jo.h M.vDRIA
w>*h>vXuF.D wJ.ySRb.rl
b.'gzD.tlo.l x.'Ju0DRySRb.rl
b.'g ylvl'D;bd>uFHtHRw>b.xGJ
Ckm'D;uF.D wJ.tw>[h.w>qD.o
eH;vXySRb.uDb.cJwz.uuhRu
'guhRtd.0J'.M.vDRIA
ylvlpH;0JvXuFD.wJ.ySR
b.rlb.'gpH;0JvXzJuFD.wJ.tySR
b.rlb.'guuhRqSXu'guhRySR
rh>*hR<AySRvXtqgw>vXzFgylRrh>*hRA
zk;b.to;M.vDRIAySRweDReDRvX
tqh.eDR'D;tD.w>wz.'.vJmzk;
b.to;M.vDRI
uF.D wJ.txHzu
d >D zdw
z.<At0Jo.h t[H.rJmng'D;us;rJm
ngwz.cJvXmM.u;wHmuGHm0J'D;
ymzsgxD.w>*h>vXySRChtD.w>zdw
z.w>uzD.uGmH tDRt*h>M.vDRI
uFD.wJ.bH.bXEkmvDRzD.ySRzDqgoH;
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgySJR
pJ;yxhbX.A3<A2009
uFD. wJ. ySR b. rl b. 'g
vXt[H;w>bH.w>bXzJtlzF.vD>
td.u'k 'J u 0DR vJR Ekmv DR zD. uGHm 'J
u0DRzdA5*RvXtymxD.0Jw>ur.
vXtzDqgoH;vX'Ju0DRylRt*h>tl
zF. 'J u 0DR cd. e> t usg w *R wJ b.
uGJRuvk>vDRIA
vgpJ;yxhbX.A2oD[gcD
A6'D;A7e.&H.bX.pXR<AuFD.wJ.tD
16
b.uDb.cJtcgt0Joh.wJtgw>
vXySRb.uDb.cJuhRtd.wbl.
b.t*h>tCdvDRI
zJtylRuGmH vgpJ;yxhbX.
A2oD<A2009AteHR<AuFD.wJ.uD>
qXyXRuD>(wDRcFD'DR)zD.uGHm0J'.tl
ol.x.ySRb.uDb.cJ'Ju0DRtySR
b.rlb.'gvXtrh>ApDRylvl'D;'Ju
0DRrl'gcd.bd>uFHzJw*DRtHRA6Ae.&H.
M.vDRIA
ySRb.rlb.'gvXtuG>
xJGrRpXRursX>zJ[D.u0DR0JM.vXt
ymzsgtrHRwbl.w*RpH;0J'.vXuF.D
wJ.ySRb.rlb.'gym'h.ymur.t
0Joh.vXtwl>vdm'D;qSXEkmclo.l u
rsX>td.vXolru JG s0d >cDvXuD>y,DRw
uyRvXu[JEmk vDRtd.vX'Ju0DR
ySRb.zD.ttguwX>rh>
0JySRvXttd.'D;w>qgtX<ArJmcsw H
xH.w><AySRo;yS><AySRtuh>t*DRw
vXySRJ wz.Ckm'D;zdo.A8*RM.vDRI
ySRoh.wz.M.w-uX;'D;
0h>tw>td.o;b.tCdySRb.zD.
uGHmtDRt*h>rJqD;0h>ySRb.rlb.'g
w*RwJb.rJqD;uGJR[lzszJr[gw
eHR t*h> ySRuD> y, DRzd vXttd.zJ rJ
qD;w*RwJzsgxD.0Jqlth.&.0wH.
w>upD.M.vDRIA w>upD.*H>xH;=th.&.0wH.
pD. zD. uGHm'J u 0DR zd A 5 *R t usg y.
CkmySRoDA3*RvXw>ymxD.w>u
r.vXtzDqgoH;vX'Ju0DRylR'D;pdm
0JqlrJqD;t*h>vDRIA
tly.F 'Ju0DReJ.%G.J AwHxd
xdApH;0J<A?b.C;ySRtDoH;qgoH;
vXySRqg0JvXus;wz.M.w}wD0J
'D;w[h.0JtcGJ; b.IAb.q.oH;
vX ySR 'J u 0DR zd zD qg 0J w u vkm tHR
ud;0JvX(cdcd.oH;)vXwzd;rH'D;uFD.
wJ. uD> w> od. w> oD t CdvDRIA y
wJ y od. b. q. y u 'J 'J w u e.
AAAAAAAA
ylRM.vDRIA
ySRb.rlb.'gtHRpH;0JvX
ySRcH*RtHRrh>'.ySR,d,zd Md .vDRIAu
rsX>weDRtd.vXxH0>wuyRrh>vX
tysHR'H>ch.bH.th.'D;y,DRw>rX
ql.rXe;tCdt.d wbl.vXRb.[J
Ch>EkmvDRql'Ju0DRvXuD>uFD.wJ.
wuyRt*h>ySRb.rlb.'gtHRpH;
0JvRD IA
tlol.x.ySRb.uDb.
cJrh>ySRb.uDb.cJtusgw'l.vX
tCh>xD.zJy,DRok;'D;'H>ch.bH.
th.ok;xD.'k;ok;uhA7AzJtylRuHGm
vg,lRM.vDRIA
tlo.l x.'Ju0DRySReD.*H>
utd.A1000AbsJ.'D;rh>ySRb.uD
b.cJwz.vXtCh>xD.vXA'H>ch.
bH.th.'D;y,DRok;tw>xD.'k;ok;
uhA7AzJtylRuGmH vg,lRtylRM.vDRI
A
cDzsdySRChtD.w>wz.t
CdySRvJRxD.uhRvDRw>'D;ySRwrSHR
oh.wz.vXt[JEmk vDRqlrJqD;0h>
ylRwz.w>uDw>cJtd.xD.t*h>ySR
yX0h>w*RpH;0JvDRIA
vXtylRuGHmySRChtD.w>
zdwz.w>zD.t0Jo.h vDRIAoemuh
[JuhREkmvDRu'guhvXrJqD;0h>ylR'D;
w>rRvXtd.wz.rRuhR0J'.M.vDRI
vdmo;CdyrRpXRvdmo;vJRrRbl;
wbl.wohvXRuD;b.IAye>[lySR
'Ju0DRzdweDRpH;0JvX<At0Joh.zDqg
oH;M.xXEkmCkm0J'D;cD.zH;<A,gcg
,g(uoH.rRoHw>zdC>)b.q.
ywvDRwH>b.IAemuhoH;wz.M.
wuqSb.'kD vDRwH>/t*h>vDRIA
oH;vXySRqgvXus;vXt
[JxD.vXuF.D wJ.us;ylRwz.M.ySR
yORb.A1udA100b;rhrh>oH;vXySRzD
qgvX'Ju0DRylRM.A1udA40wkRA50
b;M.vDRIA
September 30, 2009
ubsH;yRA17AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A

xH*kRuD>*Rw>upD. Z
cd&H,guod.vdok;y'd.vX!lcsH,g*H>bgo[D.
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgySJR
pJ;yxhbX.A3<A2009
uvHRxH;cd&, H gu[h.0J
uD>y,DRok;cd.e>'D;tpJ;zDu[.ySR
ohyRS b.<ACkm'D;t.pH.,.xHu>D
t*Rwz.w>rRvdb.xGJA!lcsH,g
*H>bgo[D.t*h>Aw>y&Xv XuD>y
,DRArF.rgxJrAf ymzsg0JM.vDRIA
w>tX.vD R tH R b.w>
tX.vDRtDRzJr>k xD.uvHRxH;th%SR
xH u D > u&XArh w rh > At.pH . ,.
(ASEAN)*H>bgo[D.udwdmwz.
tw>td.zSd.A27A0Dw0DzJuD>y,DR
0h>rgwvhzv J g,lRvHtvXmM.vDRIA
uvHRxH;cd&H,gtrD>oD
ql0h>wul.z;ch.cFJ(Park Kil Chae)
pH;b.w>y&XtHRvXuvHRxH;cd&H
,gy'd.tX.vDR0JAt.pH.,.xH
uD>u&Xzdwz.u[h.t0Joh.w>
ohw>b.b.xGJ!lcHs,go[D.t
vD>wz.rh>'fod;urRpSRvDRw>pl;
ug*H>bgo[D.upSRvDR'D;w>'Do
'Xcd.CXRMqX.t*D>M.vDRIA
AAAAAAvXoXeH.twD>ylR(2009=
2011)uvHRxH;cd&H,guCkxX0J
'.y,DRok;ySRb.rlb.'g'D;pJ;zDu
[.ySRohySRb.<A'D;t.pH.,.xH
uD>t*Rwz.ySRA50A*R(weH.t
ylR)'D;u[h.0Jw>rRvdM.vDRI
!lcHs,g*H>bgo[D.rh>0J
'.o[D.wuvkmvXb.w>xk;
xD.tDRvX(atomic nucle)cDzsd!lcHs
,g&H.tJ;%SX>(nuclear reaction)M.
vDRIAw>xk;xD.0J'.*H>bgo[D.'f
vDo[D.M.vDRIA

,l.ch.eHRzk.w>ud>cgw>rRvdunDusdm
ch.pH.th.w>upD. oh.wz.vJRrRvdw>vXudRvR0g
tDuml A30<A2009 uFd'D;uwdRxJvXudRvR0gusdmw
u;'H;b.t0Joh.wz.&hwHR&ho
zJtDulmA25=29oD<Au ud;xJvXuvkm*R'D;wuwdRunD
nD*>H cD.xH;uXRzS.d u&XzJ0>h %S.J zHv<f
usdmvXRb.IAvXw>rRvdtbsD0J
AuD>,l.ch.<A'k;td.xD.0Jw>ud>cg tHRzdo.wz.xH.vdmb.o;'D;
w>rRvdunDusdmvXzd'Hzdo.oh. w>&hvdmrkmvdmvXunDzdu'Ju'J
wz.uohu;JG ohz;uhR0Jt*D>vDRI tgxD.ph>uD;0JM.vDRI”

w>*DR=ch.pH.th.
rd>y>oh.wz.tHRtol.
ql.o;*JR0J'd.r;'D;*kmusJ;pX;qSXCDR
0JtzdtvHRoh.wz.qlw>rRvdt
vD>M.vDRIAzdvRH oh.wz.tw>*km
usJ;pX;0J'D;[h.vDRo;oyS>yS>tCd
w>rRvdteHRtoDrh>pSRb.q.<A
t0Joh.wz.uGJ;'D;z;unDusdmoh
tgxD.0JM.vDRIA
unD*H>cD.xH;uXRzSd.u
&X%SJ.zHvftHRxH.0JvXt*hR'D;vJR
xD.vJRxDtCdtd.'D;w>wdmym
vXu&J.usJRw>rRvd'fod;tHRweH.
wbsDzJw>ud>cguFdys>tqXuwD>
M.vDRI
o&.rk.rlzDwdpH;0JvX<
?w>rRvdtbsD0JtHRuJbsK;uJzSd.
vXzdo.wz.t*D>'d.r;vDRIAt0J

AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009 17 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA September 30, 2009

 @
qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA
ySRz;vHmzdtoeX. B B
ywkmuGHmw>*JRuvH.xGJ’.k ’gtoHusH
wHzgol
wpd>wvD>uD>eD.0h
uvkm’l.vXtxD’gyX>qXuhRy,DR
ok;y’d.tgzktgu&X<At’d’f(NDF )ymzSd.rRo
ud;w>’D;ch.tJ.,l.td.tod;A’d;oMRto;’D;
ch.tJ.,l.td.ph>uD;vDRIA1988AeH.<A’H>rd.jch.
pH.u&XvXtxD’gy,DRok;y’d.wz.[Jtd.zsJ.
xD.0JvXch.tJ.,l.[D.u0DRylRA’D;’d;oMRo;’D;
ch.tJ.,l. td.0J<A tgM>tM. y,DRok;y’d. rR
wJmvGH>wJm ’k;,R&J.usJRtCd w>yX>qXu%l>u
&XweDRvDRySD>td.0Jb.q.rhrh>ch.tJ.,l.wcD
cD.qXuhR0JpJ;_yJ;’d.<ApJ;_yJ;qH;'D;Aw>’k;cD.qXoH
wJmwJmzsKzsK’D;unDursX>oh.wz.ph>uD;qD.xGJ
rRpXR0JtuyRuyRtCdch.tJ.,l.u&XqXxX.
0J*X>*X>usXRusXRwkRrk>rqgweHRtHRvDRIAch.tJ.
,l.u&XuJxD.0J’.u%l>u&XvXtxD’gy,DR
ok;y’d.wz.tw>’d;oMRA’D;t0JRvD>cd.oh.t
Cdrh>*hRy,DRok;y’d.ubSDxD.xHwrX.u[H;M>
vDo[D.zJuh’d.cd.?[wf-uD;/tCdrh>*hRAw>
wdm usJRvXubSDxD. th%SRusJr>k ’d.rh>*hR ch.tJ.
,l.xD’g0JtgM>tM.rJ>w&Dx.vHmCH;Cmt
w>bd;b.&RvDRrh>*hRrRb.’db.xH;y,DRok;y
’d.tw>yXw>jy; tol;toh.tvRuyDRtCd
y,DRok;y’d.ym0Jch.tJ.,l.vXtrh>w>c;yeD.
tcd.oh.’D;ul.xD.z;vDR0JvXt*H>tbguqH;
vDRpSRvDRuvDRySD>0Jt*D><AuvDRz;’D;u&XvX[J
ymzSd.o;wz.t*D>vXusJtbdbd’D;ymvDR0Jw>
ul.w&H;’D;[h.vDRrl’gvXy,DRok;rk>’d.yh>qSgt
pkylRM.vDRI
y,DRok;y’d.tw>wdmrh>0J(1)wxH.
wcsK;rRcsX.cHxl.’Duvkmw>td.zSd.z;’d.('Du
vkmc0h%SX.)?an1ifESpfyiftrsdK;o1;nDv1cH/
M.ch.tJ.,l.rh>[JuhREkmvDR*JRuvH.vXtoH
usHtylRM.u[H;M>0Juvkm’l.vXrRywkmw>c;
oh.wz.tw>qD.xGJzd;oJp;’D;em0JvXurRM>
xH%l>uD>oJ;txd;egvXuD>y,DR'H>rd.jch.pH.u
&Xrd>yS>(tJ.tJvf'H>)tzDcd.vDRIA t*h>’ftHR xH
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
w>uGJ;vXoeX.tHRtylRwz.rh>'.ySRuGJ;vHmtup>'.0Jtw>xH.w>ymo;{dRvDRI
(tulmA2)
vD>uD>ylRursX>qD.xGJtJ.tJvf'H>tgtCdu
[H; M>uvkm’l.vXtEkmvDR*JRuvH.oh.wz.
tw>qD.xGJ’D;’ftvD>td.tod;urR[;*DRtJ.
tJvf'H>u&XM.vDRIAch.tJ.,l.rh>uvkm’l.zD.
pku0JRtusgwzkvXttd.'D;w>yX>qXtw>pH.
pdRwJpdR’d.tCdrh>[JuhREkmvDR*JRuvH.M.em0J
vXu’d;M>xH%l>uD>oJ;txd;eg’d.’d.rk>rk>ph>uD;
M.vDRIAtCdx;k ,Hmxk;xD0J’Duvkmw>td.zSd.
z;’d.w>qXuwD>’D;zJM.tcg’hx.D 0Jw>’hw>tl’f
od;ch.tJ.,l.uEkmvDR*JRuvH.t*D>M.vDRI
cHx.H wxH.’H>rd.jch.pH.u&XvXt[J
ol.xD.to;zJch.tJ.,l.[D.u0DR’D;oMRo;
’D;ch.tJ.,l.wz.(etz)uGMJ >vGMJ >ch.tJ.,l.
rh>M>wcDqXxX.uhR0JwohwM>vXRb.t*D>
M.vDRI etz qdrd.0J ymzSd.o;’D;'H>ch.bH>th.
cDzsdxD.’k;M> ch.tJ.,l. tvD>cX.o;rReXR ysDvH
tCduGJM>vGJM>ch.tJ.,l.uM>’D;u*JRuvH.
vXtoHusHtylRnDnDzdvDRI ud;o}wDxD.0JvX
xHu>D w>rkmw>ck.w>*kRxD.yoDx.D *D>urRw>
rkmw>ck.’D;ysv J RD cX.p;oh.wz.[Jq;J us;d ’D;ch.
tJ.,l.M.vDRIAwXw0DA1995eH.vg’H>pJbX.ch.
tJ.,l.ysv J RD qdy’d.cs.H ph’D;cX.p;wz.<AcH0w D 0D
A1996AeH.vgzhR-bLRtg&HRch.tJ.,l.ysv J RD y’d.
rg%S.vgzg(vJRylRuGHm)’D;cX.p;wz.<AoX0Dw0D
vg,lRA29<A1996 wkR vg,lRvHA1996 eH. Ach.
tJ.,l.ysv J RD ok;cd.usX>pdw>rs>bD(ySRyXRvD>qh.
eDRcJtRH )’D;cX.p;wz.<AvG>H 0Dw0DA1996AeH.vg
ed.0hbX.20AoDch.tJ.,l.ysv J RD u’D;ok;cd.usX>
pd w>rs>bD ’D;cX.p;wz. vJRxH.vdmy,DRok;y
’d.zJ0h>rD.vrFJ.rk>xD.uvHRxH;uD>cDo;k 0JRvD>
cd.oh.M.vDRIAw>xH.vdmvG>H bsv D Xmy,DRok;y
’d. Ch’.w cDwXRvX qDwvJw>pku0JR’D;w>rkm
wXfc.k tCdc.h tJ.,l.wrRb.t*h>'ftRH uD>cd.
b;tluFH eJ.usJtd.wh>0Jtod; unDzdpu k 0JR u
b.td.vXunDzt d pkyRl <Ay,DRok;y’d.ChvXw>
[JuRh EkmvDRqlxu H >D w>bsXoJp;twuG.D ylRM.
ch.tJ.,l.wwl>vdmb.t*h>’ftHRunDw>yX>
qXrh>tb.’D;twDtvdRtCdvDRIA w>’k;vXy
18 AAAAAAAA
ubsH;yRA18AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAA
w ’k;wohb. yb.’k;tDRM.rh>w>’k;vXtb.
bs;D b.’g’D;wD0v J Rd 0JvRD I
cDzsyd ,DRok;y'd.uGMJ >vGMJ >ch.tJ.,l.
wM>tCd w>xH.vdmrh>td.xD.’D; ch.tJ.,l.
M.w[h.pH;uwdRw>tywD> xJod;wkRod;b.
t*D>utd.vXch.tJ.,l.zDc.d ’D;uwdRw>uoh
uM>t*D>M.ul.w&H;uhR0JvXuuGJM>vGJM>ok;
uhuD>&h.wbh.b.wbh.vXu[JuhRrRw>qD
wvJpu k 0JR’D;w>rkmw>ck.’D;u[JuhREkmvDRuhR
qlxHu>D w>bsXoJp;twuG.D ylR’fo;d ch.tJ.,l.
t*H>tbguqH;vDRpSRvDRt*D>M.vDRIAysJvDRt
ySRcX.p;oh.wz.qlok;uhA4A(bs;H ’0J>uD>&h.)A
’D;ok;uhA6A(’lysm,muD>&h.)b.q.ok;uhuD>
&h.wz.td.’D;w>ol.wDo;&RvX ch.tJ.,l.
tzDcd.vDRIArR0JwbsDCDqlo;k uhwbh.b.w
bh.uD>&h.wbh.b.wbh.wM>b.I
b.q.zJA1996=97AeH.y,DRok;rk>
’d.Acd<AxH';D uvHRAymzS.d *JR’k;,Rw>rRvdym0JvX
w>clol.cd.usX>0HRok;}wdRA22<A44<A55<A 77<A
'D;A88Aok;}wdR,J>}wdRvXmw’k;uhR0Jqlw>vD>cH
tok;0JRvD>cd.oh.vXRb.IArhrh>wcDqSX0Jqu l
nDuD>pJ.’k;,R&J.usRJ ylR’D;[l;*JR0J’o f ;d uqD.o
eH;ch.tJ.,l.vX’k;,RwuyR’D;ch.tJ.,l.u
[JuhR*JRuvH.vXtoHusHtylRt*D>M.vDRIAzJ
M.y,DRok;rk>’d.vXwDc.d &d.rJ[;H rl’guF.thu>D
q. ’k;,R&J.usJR ok;}wdRA 22cd. ok;cd. usX>zd
rD.rD.oh’d;M>b.w>y&XvXok;uhA6ApkwRD zDvm
ok;&h.A16Acd.ok;rk>[Jt.d vXtJ.’d;[JuRh *JRu
vH.M.vDRIA
w>upD.tHRwkRCDRqlo;k cd.usX> og
%U. t td. w bsDCD vXw>*h>tHRtzDcd.’fod; ch.
tJ.,l.tvRuyDRuvDR’D;ub.’dt*D>&J.usJR
rXvDR0Jok;cd.usX>rD.thA(cdo;k )?uu-unf;/
’D;ok;cd.usX>ch.nd;(yh>qSg)?uuvSrf;/vXu
vJRxH. vdm wl>vdmok;rk>[JM.vDRI w>&J.w>
usJR ylR’f od;ySR unDwuvkmtHRt ol;toh. t
vR u yDRt 0HtuvRw*hR’D;uvDR0Jt*D>’ft 0J
oh.t w>emtod; ?e1rfedrf/ ok;cd.usX>rD.th
September 30, 2009
ubsH;yRA19AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA
xD.,D>wH>0JunD’u D vkmeD.w,>vXw>&J.w>
usRJ tylRok;rk>[Jp>h uD;cs;H vDRtcD.vXok;cd.usX>
rD.thrmJ ng’D;b.Chun;ok;cd.rD.thM.vDRIA
y,DRok;y’d.tHRwymol.ymo;’D;t
w>vDRwlmvDRumtd.0JwxH.M.cDzsd,D>wH>u
nD’u D vkmeD.w,>tCdrh>t0Jo.h ymzsgxD.u
nD’ DwuvkmM.rh>t’k.t’gvDRIAunDzdwz.
ph>uD;cDzsx
d .H b.y,DRok;cd.usX>w*R,D>wH>u
nD’DuvkmteD.w,>tCdol.b.’do;b.’d
ol.qgo;qgy,DRok;y’d.wz.’D;qD.xG[ J .h *H>
[h.bgunDw>yX>qXch.tJ.,l.ql.xD.wcD
M.vDRIArhrh>y’d.tD.qgw*Roh.yS>w>*h>uD[J
td.xD.tCdt0JqJ;usd;0J’D;AetzAyh>qSgeD.*H>
A25Acd.ok;cd.ch.rD.uF.H td.0h>z.t.’D;uhRvDR
*JRuvH.’D;t[H.zdCzD ’d ;D tySRpSR*RM.vDRIAy’d.
tD.qgy,DRok;y’d.rXtxD.csX.cHxl.’Duvkm
w>td.zSd.z;’d.b.q.’ftrh>ySRw*RvXto;
wpJ’D;xH%l>uD>oJ;b.tod;xD.w>td.zSd.qX
uwD>w’k;oh.ngwChcGJ;[;xD.uhRu’gqlt
[H.0h>z.t.td.ph>uD;vDRIAb.q.Aetz
Aoh.ngtwDRywD>’D;ol0Jtd.tCdwwJ0Jw>eD
wrHRb.IAetzArh>rXuwdRwJqgch.tJ.,l.vX
uGJR[lzsgylRrh>*hRySR[HwXfupD.zdrJmngrh>*hR’f
AetzArXwJtod;wJ0MJ .vDRI
unDzdvXuhRvDR*JRuvH.u%l>u& X
zdoh.wz.xH.b.vXAetzAymvDR[h.vDR0J
tvD>tusJt[D.u0DRwylRCDCdunDzdu’Ju
’Jw>b.*Hm*kmtd.xD.wkRvXw>oHw>yS>ty
wD>ph>uD;M.vDRIAt’do;k uhA6[D.u0DRylRrh>*hR
Cd.oXzsX.}wJRrh>*hRtd.0Jtgzktgu&XtCdw>
*h>uDrh>td.xD.M.AetzAwwDcd.&d.rJEkmvDR
Ch.vDRbSgvDR0JvXw>o;uqSDtylRb.IA rhrh>
wcDuG>uD0J’fM.rhwrh>[h.*H>[h.bg0JwuyR’h
t*RwxH.[h.0JwXfc;JG w>,mwzk’;D wzkw’fo;d
b.IAw>*h>'ftRH tzcD .d unDzv d XtuhRvDR*JRu
vH.wz.-uX;xH.’D;w,mb.xD.vHph>uD;M.
vDRI
2010eH.AetzAw>wdmymvXurRw>
CkxX0HRuym*X>ymusXRuhRxHu>D w>bsXoJp;cd.
oh.tHRtylRuvkm’l.zD. pku0JRvX rRw>y wkm
w>c;’D;AetzAwz.uuJx.D uhRAetzAtok;
cd; uD>qX ub.td.uhRvX Aetz Aok; w>’Do
’X0JRusdRtzDvm’D;AetzAu[h.ok;w>rRvdM.
vDRIAqXuwD>tHRAch.zH.tJAok;rk>[JtySRwz.
u xD.w>rRvdt*D>uwJmuwDRo;vHM.vDRI
unDzv d XzD.pku0JRuhRvDR*JRuvH.wz.uvDR
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ AAAAAAAAAAA
r>uGHm0JcJvXmpk’k.w>yeD.ph>uD;ub.xDxD.
uhR0J AbR’l;v; Aw>yeD.vDRIA uuJxD.uhR 0J
AetzAtok;M.vDRI
xH.pd’D;b.,d.,JvXunDzd vXuhR
vDR*JRuvH.vXAetzAtoHusHtylRoh.wz.
tHRrk>weHRuuJx.D b.zk;w>pH.pdRwJpRd tySRwl>
uDG>M.vDRIAt’dxHvD>uD>ylRw>’k;eJ.xD’grh>td.
xD.urR[;*DRrRvDRySD>ySR’k;eJ.xD’gw>zdwz.
tHRt*D>AetzAwrXtok;b.IAurXuvkm’l.
tok;cd;xHqXuD>qXoh.wz.tHR’D;t0JohwcD
ucGHylRtcd.u’k;eJ.uhR0JvXu vkm’l.tok;cd;
xHqXuD>qXtw>rRM.vDRIArRwh>vH0J’D;w>&J.
w>usRJ td.vXurR0J’Mf .vDRI
unDuvkmuG>qX.rJmw>’k;w>,R
teH.,HmtvgxXtCdo;vDw>rkmw>ck.tg
M>ySR*RvDRIAw>ywkmw>’k;rh>td.’D;w>cG;J w>,m
vXw>uol.xD.uhRunDuvkmtw>td.rlql
vXubs;H yRA14Atw>ydmxGJ
'k;rl,RwkRw>obVM>
tw>vJRcDzsdpH;0JwbsDzJ,rgtd.zsJ.tcg<A,
b.’dp;J wcDc<D Ab.[h.’k;tD.,rgtrhRwcDc<D A
zJM.,oud;wcDq.h eDR’Jpo k ;0H.w>?o;yhReD.y
,DRvXzk.cD.tpdRw*hR/M.vDRIA‘fM.tod;t0J
pH;0JwbsDtok;cd.w*RrXt0JuhRbk.oHuhRt
rg’D;tw*RwcDtJ.’d;0JvXt0Ju[;xD.uGHm
vXok;u&X>ylRM.vDRIA
t0JpH;0J<?y,DRyo;[hcJvXmwoh
b.IAyb.o;[h’.y,DRvXtrRtXw>vDRI/
ok;cd.,DRn.uFD.uG>CDRw>qlck;ylR
vXw>eHRurSHtylRud;yolxD.0JJA?tJ.’d.{XySR
tJ.’d;xH.eR0DI/AvXw>rJmqS;tylRt0J0mvDR
tcd.o.CH}uJ;}uJ;’D;eHRurSHxD.0JurSHurSM. H wDRM.vDRIA
vDRI
ok;cd.,DRAn.uFD.’D;trXRzJ;0Jc;k zdw
vD><Arh>0J’fod;urRpXRb.tySRok;zdoH.zd’D;t
zdoh.wz.uM>b.usd.zdphzdwqH;wuh>vDRIA
t0JpH;0JA?ySRw>yX>qXzd’kub.rRohto;vX
w>ud;rHR’J;M.vDRIAyvgvJwtd.b.I/
ok;cd.,DRAn.uF.D tw>vJRcDzsvd Xu
nDw>yX>qXylRtHRwrh>w>ubk;vk;zdwcgb.IA
t0JpH;0J<A?’fw>uDw>cJvX,vJRcDzsdb.wz .
tod;ySRvXtvJRcDzsdwh>td.ph>uD;z;tgvHM.
vDRIAwbsDwcD.zJ,uhRwkRvX[H.e>[lb.zd
19 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A
ngvXtvXySJR’D;w>xJod;wkRod;w>pH.nD.wDeH
vDRuhRbl.wD>ohM.rh>w>vXt*hRvDRIAb.q.
qXuwD>chcgcJtHR ’k.’g rRywkmw>’k; tpX[Jzsg
xD.0JvRD wH>vDRqJ;vHM.vDRI
wrHR*hRwrFd*hR tylRuGHmteH. 60 bsJ.
w>uwdRtd.0JwxH.vXw>rkmw>ck.t*D>yb.
’k;w>vDRI w>uwdRwxH.tHR tcD.xH;ySRu e.
tDRrkm e>b.q. ,Hmwh>vHteH.A60AbsJ.vHI
yySRu vkmqX.rJm wl>b.w>’k;w>,Rtbl;t
vJvXtrh>w>e;w>zSD.w>uDw>cJtzXrk>’H;vDRI
AxH.,JvXpdRwpdRtw>*h>uDvXw>Ch.vDRbSg
vDR tDRt*D>M.rl’gtd. vXySRvX[Hrl’gwDcd. &d.
rJpRd t0JM.tpkyRl vDRIA’fo;d w>Ch.vDRbSgvDRu
ohuM>t*D>-uX;vXyub.td.’D;w>Clw>zd;
ph>uD;M.vDRIAtCd-uX;ywkmuGHmwXf*JRuvH.
xG’J .k ’gtoHus’H ;D ol.xD.oud;w>Clw>zd;CH;
CD.’D.M.wuhXIf
o.wz.Cht.D ud.ySRh vXtrd>ttd.M.vDRIArd>
wcDvXw>ol.tk;o;t;k tylRpH;b.t0Jo.h vX
okCu h >G vXokygtd.bDe.IA,rh>ySRw>yX>qXzd’k
,phutd.vXusJ’fvJ.IAwbsDwcD.,o;wrkm
ph>uD;b.IAb.q.,ymuzXvX,o;ohwrHR
vX,rh>ySRw>yX>qXzdM.vDRIAzJunDw>yX>q X
rReXRw>trk>weHR,zd,rg’D;,eD>up>wz.w
rh>ySRvXtrJmo.uqH;b.I/
?,wCkxXusJvX,u[;xD.b.
vXuD > oXbh . wbh . b.IAwrh > ,xH , uD >
b.I”t*h>t0Jp;H 0JvRD I
unD’Duvkmpku0JRw>yX>qX tHR,Hm
wh>teH.(60)bsJ.vHM.vDRIAwwkRqlw>rR eXR
zDwX.’H;b.IAvXw>qD.oeH;tuvkmuvkm
tzDcd.unDuvkmb.vDRrk>_yH_ygvXw>vD>tg
unDw>yX>qXurReXRw>vXtqd t
cVt*D><Aok;cd.,DRpDRn.uFD.xH.0JvXyub.
ol.xD.oud;w>Clw>zd;’D;w>e>yX>vdmo;,>
cD,>cDvXyySRunDtw0XtylRvXtqdtcVM.
vDRIA?yrRpXRyySRuvkmohvXust J bdbMd .vDRIA
unDuD>csXwz.vXtoeX.’D;unDvXuD>ylR
vXtoeX.’.0JM.ohvDRIAyw>qJ;usd;qJ; usX
vdmyo;wz.ywb.rRvDRwd>tDRb.I”
?w>yX>qXrh>M>vX,pdRtHR<A,oH,
o;rHvHIA,wJM>up><A’k;rl,RwkRvXw>obV
M>/t*h>ok;cd.,DRn.uF.D pH;0JvRD IA
September 30, 2009
qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA @ ubsH;yRA20AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAA

xg’dqXuhRwHeXR ?,qXx.H uhRuD>unD/

•AuwD>tHR[lx.D ogvDRuGRJ uvk>wJogb.uD 1IAvXysXRoDzzH [ k .h og
wHew d 0J o
J gpko;utk.cD.uhRvXw>e;(cJtRH vlRxXzS.d phv;J ul.) cJtRH yud;vXuD>vg
plemD rd>0Jtul vHRw,lmrRpXReDwrHR uvkm*R*km[H;M>tDR
zgwH>eXRrFyd RS uF;e;rRpXRwh>vHwuv;(,rHr>D <Aphy,DRcD’;H ) unDzv d RD bS;H vDRwDRI

•ApxH.rJmrh>wur.uGRJ uvk>uG;J pH;bsK;w> 2IAcDzsdrh>eJuD>CHvR

ySRtd.eD.0hrRpXRwh>wvgtHRzsgvXpG>H ’h> AAAAuvkm*RqXM>b.eR
unDz[ d ;_ygoukR[D.cd.csXw>vD>tgylR ustJ bdbq d .D oeH;
rh>,lmCDRphxw J b;uGRJ uvk>uvRw[;(rh>td.tlxu
J vHRrFuG
d RJ uvk>tth.u_yd) unDzdrJth.pCH;I

•AeJetd.trJ&uRrRwe.&H.A16A‘Dv> 3IArRwohb.ymwh>,J
wEGt H e.&H.vG>H qHvDRwH>vHCyk >D vG>H qH vD>rkmzHztk d.,kRxGJ
uGRJ uvk>url*RJ *D>rh>0Jyrl’geD>eD>(,e>[lyRS tg*RwJ) cDzsv
d Xo;orl*>D
erh>rRwvgwqHpurRwvgcHq(wrh H >phy,DRb.tD) uD>unD{XevDRCD>I

•AuGRJ uvk>w>ud;yolb.’D;ySR*Rwe>[l(b.’D;wz;uGRJ uvk>b.) 4IAuvkm*R*kmrReXRySR

vXw>ud;rHRud;uyR
ySRz;b.cDwxH.’H;urh>tvHmrJmzsX.qH;
yxHu>D vXytd.zs.J
uGRJ uvk>{XrR’d.xD.evHmrJmzsX.wpJ;bD.
cJtRH td.uhR0Jzv
J .J I
xJ’.vHmrJmzsX.wJ0J*h>*D>tlvd.w>rRpXR
5IA‘k.’gy,DRySRttX
tJ.eRtg rRtXw>vkmvkmwXwX
zHpel mD usD;w>zdw>vHR[H.CD
q.zduD>zd[H;uvDI

xgql'H>ch.bH.th. 5IAus.d phv>D vRymwD>eJ<

C.uhRo;qluvkmtJ.<
6IAvXw>wohwb.Cd
ySRJ ,J’;D rJmxHrmJ ed
vX=wHeXR(uD>rl&R) 'Dy>k 0J>tg*Rtd.cd;<
wl>wuJp.H rS[ H ;zs;d
wl>vdmrkmuhReRxDb<d ,dR’d.xHu>D [Jt.d qd;I
1IAjyKuvR[JuRh [JuRh < 6IAerh>wymwh>w>0H<
[JuRh td.vXuD>olvRh < ySRuvkmub.e;'H;< 7IAvXvD>,HRo,k>b.eR
jyKuvR[JuRh [JuRh < o;[ho;qgvHy,DR< rHrD>ud;rSHeuvR
[;,HReJ'.vXRw*hRI vX>&mcHp;uqd.CD.I AAAvXeylRqXtd.b.,J
2IA'H>ch.bH.th.rh>unD< 7IAwcsK;vXerRoud;< rh>xJeR,uD>zd.CJI
ywtJ.'d;eb.uD< cVM>vD';H bs;H uhRcd.<
'ferh>eJunDz<d zJM.y,DRzk;ys>D *DR< 8IAuD>unDvXCHvR{X
'G;xHcvJ Xmqdurd.I ys>D *DRvXe[JuRh xD.I eySRJ eJ’;D ’k.’gtX
3IAeukzv d Xe0Hx.D < *IAw>xH.ur.tylRuGmH < rh>e>[lb.eupD.
rh>'.y,DRw>&J.oH< ySRJ ,J’;D w>o;b.zS.D I
td.ySRJ 'D;*k>oh.';bD<
ymwD>eukvXe0H< cDzsw
d >uGMJ >tgrHR<
9IArh>td.,HR’D;eRemuh
unDcv J Xmuo;rHI wqdr.d 'D;eo;rHI
uCkusJvXtqdcV
4IAzdqq H .J rd>xJw*R< 9IAqXuwD>tcgb.vH< ?,qXxH.uhRuD>unD/
rd>u[k,mud;t*R< qH,>J eH.e0Jo;rH< urRvXo;’lo;wDIII
zdvRH w>xH.zk.'D;xD< [JuRh xD.qlu>D olvRh <
rd>td.'D;ul.ohb.'DI tD.uhRrd>zhrmJ trhRI vXzdcGg(PTMJC)

AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009 20 AAAAAAAA September 30, 2009

ubsH;yRA21AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA @ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A

ydmrk.ydmrXRtoeX.
w>yX>qXt[H.rd>yS>S
tJ.olvRh vkmt*D>M.,wuGHmwh>b.
tDuml A28<A2009 ,wymwh>tDRb.IA,0Hx.D
,pdmxD.tDRvXukyRl ,Ch>0H
rhwrh>vXt0Joh.tpkoGH;oGH;zdwz. xD.qlupX>cd.vDRI/

w>*DR=uGJRuvk>
b.'D;ySRrRvdw>zd<AySRxD.w>td.zSd.zdwz.t t0J p H ; 0J < ?yxH .
[XzXuphRb.r;to;'D;wJw>wuJ<ArRvdw> b.vXySRy,DR(ok;)zdwz.
t*H>wtd.<AuG>vdmtrJmwrkmb.I tw>rRuDrRcJySRe;e;usRH usRH
vXbsH;'0J>w>yX>qXw>vD>wwDRzJw> tCd,eD>up>'.,J,[H.
td.zSd.tgbsD'D;w>rRvdtgbsDw>xH.b.nDEk> M.w>zdw>vHR*DRzH;(usD>)<Axd.{dRqD{dRy,DRok; 'D;,ReDwrHRb.td.'.uluRvXyvdRvDR'D;w>
'.rd>o;yS>A3A*RzD';k tD.t0Jo.h rhRM.vDRIAt0J tD.uGHmwkR'.vJmvXobH.oyXR<AuluR<Apdm tD.w>tDvXy0HtRD {dRvDRI/AzHtv J 'f .h zJA1997A
rh>0JAzHy'J<AzHtgA'D;AzH'gM.vDRIArd>o;yS>wz. uGHm0JvDRIAzJ,Ch>xD.tqXuwD>M.w>wy. eH.M.b.Ch>xD.vXto0DM.vDRIA
tHRtzdtvHRymwD>uGHmtDR ?yxH.b.vXyySRuvkm
vJRqlu>D csXb.q.t0Jo.h oh.wz.b.uG>qX.rJm
wvJRb.qXwJmvDRto;
vXw>yX>w>rRtylRM.vDRIA
? y0Jy m
d rk
. 'D;rd
> o;yS > wz.yrh >*k
m us;
J pX;rRoud
; w> 'D;w>uDw>cJtuvkmu
vkm<AyzdyvHR'.vJmt
tusgAzHy'J<Arhw AAvXyySRuvkmtusg'D;urh>0Jw>t'dtwJmvXyzdy w>wl>b.M.td.0J'.tg
rh>AzHtJvf'h.<A 64 eH.<A [H; r;M.vDRIAqXuwD>cJtHR
M>ph>uD;rl'gzJbsH;'0J>unD AAvH R oh .wz.trJ m ng<A'f o d
; t0Jo h
. wz.upD . M.y0Jydmrk.'D;rd>o;yS>w
ydmrk.u&XySR*h>0Drl'gcd.<AwJ AArJmpD.eg'D;u*kmus;J pX;[h.vDRto;'ftw>ohwR z.yrh>*kmusJ;pX;rRoud;
M>pXRySRt0Jtw>wl>cD.ym w>vXyySRuvkmtusg'D;
o;'D;tw>od.oDqzdl vHRt
td.vDRI
AAv.td.'D;t0Jo.h vDRI / urh>0Jw>t'dtwJmvX
yzdyvHRoh.wz.trJm
t0Jp;H 0J<?zJ,td. ng<A 'f od;t0Joh.wz.
A15eH.M.,[H.ylRM.rh>w>
yX>qXt[H.rd>yS>wzsX.vDRI/yySRuvkmrh>*hRu
vkm*Rrh>*hR[H.ylRwzsX.M.ySJRt[JM.yb.wl>
vdmtDR<Ayb.tH;xGu J >G xJt
G 0Jo.h vDRI
?y0Jymd rk.wz.vXyoeX.'.0Jytd.
'D;yw>rk>v>uG>pd'fod;yySRuvkmwz.ngokw
vDRr>w*hRt*D>M.yzD.xD.oud;w>rRM.vDRIA
p;xD.vX,td.A15eH.'D;wkRcJtRH ,rh>ydmrk.w
*RvXtrRouD;b.w>'D;,ySRuvkmrh>*hR<AvX
ydmrk.u&XySR*h>0Dw>zH;w>rRwkRcJtHRM.vDRI/
t0JpH;0J<A?wbsDbsDzJvXt0Joh.(t
ySRuvkm)b. o*X>'D;w>c;vdmo; tqXuwD>
'.vJmM.,eD>up>'.,J,b.*kmus;J pX;zDt.D
w>*DR=uGJRuvk>

rhRzJusdz;'d.vDRtuwD>M.vDRIAzJySRCh>vXmM.
,eD>up>'.,JrRh M.rh>w>tD.w>tDvX,ySRu

AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009 21 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA September 30, 2009

qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA
upD.rJmpD.eg'D;u*kmusJ;pX;[h.vDRto;'ft
w>ohwRv.td.'D;t0Jo.h vDRI/
?y0JrFd'D;yw>ul.b.ul.ohwtd.
b.IAoemuhcDzsdvXyw>wl>b.cD.b.tCdy
ub.ymzsgxD.yw>td.rlyw>zH;w>rRyw>qd
urd.vXyzdyvHRwz.trJmng'D;yub.vJR
w>vXt0Joh.trJmngvDRIA,eD>up>'.,J,
td.'D;rd>to;wzsX.vX,urh>ySRw*RvXt
[h.vDRto;vXyzdwz.trJmngwu;b.vX
yySRuvkmwz.trJmng'D;vXy0Jydmrk.u&Xw
z.trJmngM.vRD I/
?vXw>yX>qXtylR,rRw>w oheDw
rHRb.IA,rRpXRoh'.xJvXw>zH;w>rRvX*H>vX
bg'ftrh>w>whRtD.zDt.D w>'D;rRpXRt0Jo.h vX
w>zH;w>rRvXtvd.td.0J'.wz.vDRI/
zHtv J 'f .h teD>up>tzdc*H RvJRuGmH ql
uD>oXbh.wbh.M.vDRIAt0JwvJRb.IAtzdcH
*Rtd.wD>vXuD>y,DR'D;vD>td.u'k'Ju0DRylRw
*RvDRI
?,zd,vHRoh.wz.td.'D;tw>&J.
w>usJRqlngtCd'ft0Joh.tJ.'D;vJR0J'D;yysJt
0Jo.h vXuvJR0JM.vDRIAyrh>qdurd.'D;uG>u'g
uhRvXyw>td.w>qd;tvD>yySRuvkm<Ayzdy
vHR<AyqU.yrFd<Ay'lyo0Dwz.td.'H;tCd'D;rk>
utd.0J'.weHRM.,qXrk>v>'D;,qXxH.b.
uhRvXyuuhRtd.b.uhRvXy'lyo0DylRwu;
b.yuxH.vdmb.uhRyo;'D;y'l.zdxXzdyzdy
vHRoh.wz.uoh'H;0JtCdM.vDRIA'f,ySRu
vkmod.'lCmk ,cd.,e>wz.wl>b.w>tod;
M.,eD>up>'.,J,tJ.'D;wl>b.'fod;t0J
oh.wl>b.w>tod;M.vDRI/
?xDbdM.,o;rkm'D;,o;rHvX,[J
rRoud;b.w>'D;,ySRuvkmwz.wrh>w>tg
vX,*D>b.oemuhr>h w>o;ckvX,*D>vDRI/
?ok;rDRpd&Rd oh.wz.*kmus;J pX;rRvDRr>
t0Joh.vDRb.q.yunDuvkmtHRw[gr>eD
wbsb D .tCd,xH.vXy0Jymd rk.rh>*hR<AydmcGgrh>
*hR<Acd.e>'D;ySRud;*R'J;yurh>ySRvXtrRoud;w>
vXo;wzsX.CD<Ayu[h.vDRyo;vXyw>rRt
ylRwu;b.yutd.'D;o;usXRrkq+vXyySRu
vkmtHRrk>weHRuxl.zsJ;xD.uhRvX'k.'gok;rDRpd
&dRoh.wz.tw>rRtXrRe;tpkzv D mvDRIArk>w
eHRyurRM>w>obVoyS>uwX>vDRIAyySRuvkm
unDzdySR*RurRvDRr>tDRM.rRvDRr>0JwM>eDw
bsDb.vDRIAyutd.'D;w>Clw>zd;vXyw>rRt
ylR'D;w>e>yX>vdmyo;w*R'D;w*RM.vDRI/
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ ubsH;yRA22AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAA
?cd.e><AySRo;p><Aydmrk.'D;ydmcGgwz.
yrh>*km usJ;pX;[h.vDRyo;<Ayrh>td.'D;o;vXy
rh>unDwuvkm<Ayrh>td.'D;w>ymzSd.xD.y
o;<Ayrh>oh[h.vDRyo;vXyw>rRtylR'D;yrh>
*kmus;J pX;[h.xD.yw>qdurd.<Aw>zH;w>rRvX
tvD>td.wrHR*hRwrHR*hR<AzD.vdmouD;pk'D;rR
oud;w>M.yemoyS>uwX>vXyySRunDuvkm
M.uvJRxD.vJRxD0'J .M.vDRI/
===
vXubs;H yRA1Atw>ydmxGJ
bs;H '0J>ursX>b.0H'.h 0Hur>
'D;t[D.cd.uyHm<Aw>b.ud>b.*DRvXw>td.
rl*D>wtd.'D;rRohtD.b.td.tgr;vDRIAb.
q.uwD>tHRunDursX>wz.b.zS.D vDR,mvDR
qlw>cH';uJxD.ySR0H'h.0Hur>'D;pkvD>[D.cd.
b.wkRqlus.d phup>wz.tpkyRl M.vDRIA
zgwH>pDRolvXp.'H.0ho0DpH;0J<A?w
csK;A1997AeH.yb.ok;vD>ok;us'HJ ;b.cg,u
r>wtd.b.IAyb.w>ok;ql.yvD>'D;w>rRw
td.vXR<AuzJ;tD.ck;w>vD>wtd.<Ab.yORtD.
y,DRok;t[ko;xX.ytD.wvXb.IA?wkRvXe
[H.zdCDzdo.0HRxD.o;tD.wtd.vXR'D;yb.
[;CkChvd>tD.ySRw>M.vDRI/
p.'H.0ho0Drh>unDrd>xH;o0DvX[H.
cd.td.0JA60'D;A70bX.pXRtd.ol.vDRto;zJy
vD>[D.u0DR<AvX>rk>vguD>q.<AuD>&h.bsH;'
0J>M.vDRIAp.'H.0ho0DtHRzJy,DRok;rRw>xD.'k;
tcgw>ok;ql.o0Dzdwz.qlye>rHRo0Dutd.A
4eH.0HRvXcHw>ysJo0DzduhRtd.uhRb.q.b.
td.'.vXw>ymyeD.tvD>wz.M.vDRIA
zgwH>pDRolpH;0JvXwcsK;t0Joh.b.
w>ok;ql.tcgzH;tD.rRtD.vJRcDzsd0J'.oh*hR*hR
vDRIA?ytd.vXxHcHcgyrRtD.bkM.tD.vX'D;,
[;rRtD.oh.eXrl<A'D;qgtDRvXuD>csX(uD>uFD.
wJ.)yySORtD.tHo.'D.tk.w>tD.vXwrh>bkw
z.yyORtD.b.*hR*hRvDRI/A
?,o0DylR[H.tzsX.A10tusgb.
td.rlvXur>cd.'fod;,Rutd.tpSRuwX>A7
zsX.'D;w>b.uG>qX.rJmweDRurh>w>wrHRCD'D;
,RvDRIAcJtHRtd.'.b.[;CkrRtD.uhRw>w
qH;wuh>vXyS>usg<AzSD.vDR'd.xD.utD.'fod;
qXtD.b.'fySRw>td.w>,XRod;{D>tD.wM>vXR
22 AAAAAAAA
b.IAtgbsDM.b.ol.tH.o;qH;<ArJmo.qS;
vXySRusgwbsDwcD.b.[;Chvd>tD.ySRw>wkR
vXo'D.tk.'.vJmtd.vDRI/t0JpH;ph>uD;0JvXcJ
tHRqSXtzdA5A*Rqluw dF M>eDw*RvXRb.IA
w>ok;ql.tvD>cH<At0JpH;0J<?,Ch
vd> ph t cD. xH; M. vX w vXR(y,DR)t td. ,Hm
,HmtgxD.ur>xD.wkRvXA15AuvD>'D;u[H;
ql. uGHm , 0D t cg , vJR ql , o ud; ySR u nD
ttd.'D;,wJtDRAcGg{X<ACkpXRM>pDtphwbD,0D
u vDR uGHm ql ySR u vkm *R t pk ylR vDRIA zJ M. t0J
vd;M>uGHm,ur>'D;,[h.vDRuGHm,[D.cd.M.
vXtpkylRtd.vHA2eH.vHIAt0JwrRud>rR*DR,R
b.IACh'.,Rtth.zJt-uX;'D;[H;'.,w>ol
w>o.wz.vDRI/
ch.tJ.,l.uD>&h.bsH;'0J>tySRyXRvD>
qh.eDRy'd.uGJRxl0hpH;0J<?w>ySORuvHR'd.xD.<A
w> ol w> o. tyOSR qH; vDRt Cd y xH zd uD> zd vX
b.td.rlvX'h.ur>zDcd.M.z;tgng<AweDRu
td.wkRvXtuvD>A50AvDRIAt0Joh.Chvd>p'Dh ;
tth.tgxD.vd;uhR0JwwlmtCd vDRIAwu;
b.<Aus.d phup>wz.ph>uD;tw>'dol.'do;vX
xHzduD>zdursX>t*D>wtd.'D;[H;M>0J'.w>cGJ;
w>,mvXyySRunDzdwz.tw>oh.nge>yX>
qH; pSR <A t w> *H> p> bg p> w z. zD cd. ph> uD; M.
vDRI/A
t0JpH;0J<A?xHuD>y'd.tw>yXw>jy;
wb.vD>b.p;<Aw>[H;M>pXRrl'gvXxHzduD.zd
w>b.bD.b.nD*D>wtd.eDrHR<Aw>yXw>jy;rh>
vJR'.to;'ftHR'kxHzduD>zduzSD.vDR'd.xD.uU>
uU>tCdyvd.b.uD>y'd.toDwzkvXu[H;M>
pXRrl'gvXxHzduD>zdt*D>vDRIAt0Joh.(xHzduD>
zd)weDRtw>*H>p>ph>uD;td.0J<Aw,m0JvXweH.
tHRtw>olw>o.u[;xD.phu[JEkmxJtHRt
CdySORympXRw>cJvXm<AvXcHw>yORuvHRvDRw>oh
*mo.uwDRyw>[JEkmph>uD;yub.ol.xD.y
w>qdurd.vDRIA'fvJ.*hR<Aw>*h>cd.oh.urh>'.
xHuD>y'd.vXtyXqSXxHuD>tcJtHRvXwusJRM>
pXRw>eDrHRM.vDRI/
zgwH>pDRolpH;0J<A?ytJ.'d;vXycd.ye>
uymzsgxD.M>ySRqlbDrk>xHuD>wz.vXyw>b.
uG> qX. rJmt *h> 'f od; 'D; y w> b. [h. b. ,lm
oh.wz.M.upSRvDRuGHm<AyuzH;rRvJRuhRb.
vXw>obVylRt*D> M.vDRIA'fod;y'lo0Dokw
td.zS.D tD.zS.D vXRw*hRt*D>yvd.b.w>rRpXR<A
w>usRJ pXR<Aw>[h.ul.pXRySRM.vDRI/
===
September 30, 2009
ubsH;yRA23AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAAAA
zd'"zdo.toeX.
ySR'Doud;vGH>*Rtw>td.rl
tJ.cJvXmeD'd.§uGRJ uvk>
w>pH;0J'.wbsvX D uwzs
Fd X.tylRM.ySR
'Doud;td.0J'.A4*RvXtrh>0JAeD>*hR<AeD>qX<ApDR
0g<ApDRolM.vDRIAp;xD.vXt0Joh.eD>qH;wkRvX
tzsd xD.w qD w qD 0HR t vD> cH w *R 'D; w *R td.
xD.'D;w>ul.b.ul.ohvXtvDRqDvdmto;
M.vRD IAt0Joh.&hvdmo;wkRvXteD>'d.xD.wpk
b.q.tw>ymol.ymo;wz.w'H;od;vXt
eD>qH;tcgb.IAweDRM.to;*hR'D;weDRto;w
*hRb.IA
vXt0Joh.eD>qH;tcgrh>ySRvXtJ.vdm
o;wkR'.vJm[;wylRCD<AtD.wylRCDzJvXt
vJRrRvdw>tcgM.vDRIAwkR'.vJmw*R'D;w*R
rh>td.'D;tw>vDRwlmvDRumwrHRrHRM.rRpXRvdm
to; xDbdM.vDRIA 'D;rh>zd o. wz.vXttJ.
b.w>ul.b.ul.ohxDbMd .vDRIA
zJt0Joh.'d.xD.wkRvXtxD.wkRql
twDRxD'D;weDRtw>ul.b.ul.ohvXtCk
xX0Jwz.wrh>w>vXt'H;od; vXteD>qH;tcg
b.IAweDR&hvdmo;'D;twHRoud;vXtoD'D;
b.vDRz;uGHmw*RwusdRvXt0Joh.tw>rRvd
w'H;od; vdm o; tCdM.vDRIA w eDR w cD <A cDzsd &h
vdmb.o;'D;wHRoud;vXtw'H;od;'D;teD>qH;
cgoud;b.tCdvlRb.to;'D;wkRuGHmqlw>
[;*DRM.vRD IA
eD>qXuJxD.b.uFdo&.rk.<AeD>*hRuJ
xD.b.w>td.zS.d o&.rk.<ApDR0guJxD.b.u
oH.o&.<Arrhh >pDRoluJxD.ySRvlRb.o;tDoH;<
AvlRw>rkmzH;rkmn.w>rRwz.M.vDRIA
eD>qXrh>uFdo&.rk.tCdrh>r;ydmrk.zd
w*RvXtvDRuG>vd'd.r;vXySRtg*Rt*D>M.
vDRIAt0Jrh>ySRvXttJ.b.tySRuFdzdoh.wz.
'd.r;'D;tuFdzoh d .wz.ph>uD;tJ.b.tDR'd.r;
rh>vXt0Jrh>o&.rk.w*RvXto;*hR'd.r;w*R
M.vDRIAuFzd rd >d y>'.vJmtJ.b.tDR'd.r;M.vDRI
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@ AAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAqH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysRJ A
eD>*hRwcD'ftrh>w>td.zSd.o&.rk.w*Rtod;<A vXcHuwX>cDzst
d 0Joh.toud;tusg
rh>ySRvXto;*hR<AySRtJ.b.tDR<Atd.'D;w>ol. pDRolrh>ySRvXttXwkR'.vJmySRol.uho;yS>wz.
vJ>o;vJ>w[H;CmySR*Rtw>ur.b.IAwym wJtDRwM>b.'D;[;rRegpdRto;'f,Hm'fe;xD.
xD.xDph>uD;to;b.IA M.vDRIAtoud;vXwbstJ D .b.0Jwz.'.vJm
rrhh >pDR0gwcD'ftuJxD.b.uoH.o rRpXRuhRtDRwM>vXRb.IA
&.z;'d.w*Rtod;uG>xGJu[ku,muhRtySR
uvkmrh>*hR<AySRuvkm*Rrh>*hRvXtb.ql;b.
qgwz.vXw>o;th.wJmtylRrh>b.uDRrH'.
vJmrR0JvXw>o;plRtylRM.vDRIA ud'goh.{X
rhrh>pDRolw*R<AvlRzJto;rRzJto;
'D;vlRw>rkmzH;rkmn.<A'D;xDbdM.tD'.oH;<A*JR =okuqdurd.b.rEkRySRud;pDRoltrHR'ftRH vJ.I
zJ<AtDrdm<AtD.w>rDmtD.(obsK.)<AwymuJySR =b.rEkRCdpDRolrh>ySRvXte;uwX>w*RvXt
ol.uho;yS><Aw'due.rd>y>uvk><A[;'.zJt wHRoud;tusgvJ.I
o;<AtwHRoud;'.vJmwJtXwJoD0Jtu vkm =b.rEkRtCdpDRolb.uJxD.ySRvlRzJto;vJ.I
uvkmtCdtoud;vXt*Rwz.o;b.'duhR =w>'Doud;vGH>*RtHReb.ol.b.o;'d.zJvJ.
vXtCdM.vRD IA w*RvJ.I
twHRoud; we DRqdurd. xD. 0J vX =ewHRoud;td.upD'D{gIAe&hvdmb.xGJ'D;t0J
to;ylR'D;pH;0JvXb.rEkRtCdvXpDRolw*RvX oh.'fvJ.I
tylR uGHm rh>'.ywHR o ud; vX t&hvdm o; rkm <A =ewHRoud;rh>td.'H;od;pDRolw*RM.eurRpXR
ytJ.vdmuGHvdmo;<Awu;b.yrh>b.w>uD uhRtDR'fvJ.I
w>cJw*R*RM.yrRpXRvdmyo;ud;*R'J;xDbdM.
vDRI
23 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA September 30, 2009
 th.'H.,geg=trJ&uR
qH;q.vgxD.A12oD<Ark>ysJRAAAAAAAAA
uD>y,DRydmrk.zJrvh%SgvGH>*Rw>rlRql.0HRtvD>cHvDRr>
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA13oD
pJ;yxhbX.A16<A2009
ySRuD>y,DR ydmrk.A4A*R zJuD>rvh%Sg<A
b. w>rlRql.0HRtvD>cH[gr>uGHm 0Jt*h>ch;yFJ.
w>upD.oMymzsg0JzvgpJ J ;yxhbX.A4AoDteHR
vDRIA
zJu>dF [du>D pJ.<AqH.&H.yl.-wRu0DR<A
w>bSzD v;pwh;'Xw>rRvD>tylRySRuD>y,DRydmrk.
A4*R<Ab.w>rlRql.tDR0HRtvD>cH[gr>uGmH t*h>
ySRrRpXRySRuD>y,DRzdzJrvh%SgAtJ.tJvf'H>(uD>r
vh%Sg)tySRyXRvD>qh.eDRAud.uFD.uDF.pH;b.ch;
yF.J w>upD.M.vDRIA
zJw>bSzD v;pwh;'XtvD>tHRySRuD>y
ok;y'd.ymclol.xHuD>tph[JEkmvXuD>csXySRcGJ;,mu&Xymzsg
uGJRuvk>A•AqH;rk>vgvDRA8oD
pJ;yxhbX.A11oD<A2009
pJ;yxhbX.A11<A2009AusJwH;ul.y
eH.Axd.xX.(Total)A'D;AcFJ;&D>(Chevron)Atw>
bsX vDRphvX*m o0Hw>rR tzDcd.[h.*H>[h. bg
0J'. ok;y'd.vX uymclol.xHuD>tph[JEmk 5A
bhvh. ,X.C.C.(wbh.vh.,X.td.tu
uGJ>wuxd)vXph.uyl.phwX;ylRt*h>AySRcGJ;,m
u&XAymzsg0Jzv J gpJ;yxhbX.A10AoDteHRvDRIA
xd.xX.'D;cFJ;&D>At,.we.*mo0H
w>wdmusJR'k;td.xD.ok;y'd.tw>[JEmk A4I83
Abhvh.,X.zJA2000=2008AeH.twD>ylRt*h>A
tX;&J;th.xX.M;%SX.eX.(EarthRights Interna-
tional )ymzsg0J'.zJtw>ymzsgvXtxk;xD.&R
vDR0Jzvg
J pJ;yxhbX.A10AoDteHRM.vDRIA
w>ymzsgoCJRcHbh.tHRrh>0J(Total
Impact)'D;(Getting it Wrong)M.vDRIA
tX&J;th. xX. M;%SX.eX.uD>y,DRw>
wdmusJRtySRb.rlb.'gAr;oJprh;(Matthew
Smith )vXtrh>ph>uD;eD.0HmcHvXySRuGJ;w>ymzsg
tHRpH;0JvXok;u%l>ymclol.0JxHuD>tw>[JEmk
'Dv.vXtbhvh.,X.wz.zJph.uyl.xHuD><
AvgpJ;yxhbX.A30AoD< 2009
@
@
•Ark>ysJR<AqH;q.vgxD.A12AoD<A2748AunDeH.A•A
AAAAAAAAAA
,DRrk.td.A10*RvXtusgA4*Rb.w>rlRql.vX
ySRrvh%Sgzd<A'D;w>oh.ngb.vXySRvJRud; t0J
oh.qlu>D y,DRrD>oDM.vDRIAvXcHw>oh.ngb.
uhRvXuD>y,DRrD>oDySRb.rlb.'g[h.vDRu'g
uhRydmrk.wz.tHRqlySRw>bX.pXR(thuFJ)vXt
CkM>t0Joh.tw>rRwz.tpkylRvDRIAp;xD.zJ
M. wkR c JtHR w>qJ;usd;ydmrk. oh.wz.tHR wM>
vXRb.t*h>ud.uFD.uFD.pH;b.ch;yFJ.w>upD.
oMM.vDRIA
ySRuD>y,DRrk.A10*RrRw>vXw>bDSz
v;pwh;'Xw>rRvD>M.<AzJvgtDuml A28oDteHR<
Arvh%SgtySRxHzduD>zdA4*R[JEmk vDRqlydmrk.w
z.tHRtd.[H.'D;Chql.ydmrk.wz.tHRtw>zd
w>vHRA(w>xl;w>wDR)vXtd. 'D;ydmrk.oh.w
AzJtxHu>D wcDw>l b.0J'.ySR*h>0Dw>vDRwd><Arh>
th%SRxHuD>vXtpl;ugphvXySR*h>0Dt*D>tpSRu
wX>wbh.M.vDRIAxHuD>w>[JEmk wz.ok;y'd.
ymclol.uGHm0Jqlph.uyl.tphwX;cHzsX.vXtrh>
(Overseas Chinese Banking Corporation)'D;A
(OCBC DBS Group DBS)tylRt*h>u&XtHR
ymzsg0JvRD I
tX;&J;th.xX.M.%SX.eX.pH;0JvXxH
uD>tph[JEmk wz.tHRrh>ok;y'd.to;orltrk>
usX>M.vDRIAcDzsdok;y'd.ymclol.txHuD>phw>
[JEmk tCdAbDr>k xHuD>'D;xHvD>uD>ylRtw>[h.
w>qD.oeH;ok;y'd.b.q.ok;y'd.t*D>w>
b.'dqgwtd.b.IA'D;ySRvXtuJw>*h>uDt
cd.oh.M.Axd.xX.A'D;AcF;J &D>AM.vDRI
u&XtHRChxD.bDr>k xHuD>w0XvXu
[h.w>qD.oeH;qlul.yeH.z;'d.cHzt k HRttd.
vdRvdR<A}wDCm0J'.w>olur.0J'.xHuD>tph
[JEmk vXbDr>k xHuD>tzFgylR'D;}wDwHmCmw>qSX
us.d qSXphtusMJ .vDRIA
u&XtHRymzsg0JvXjz.ph.ul.yeH.A
xd.xX.A'D;trJ&uRul.yeH.(Chevron)tw>
b.xGt J .d 'D;ok;y'd.tok;vXtcd;*mo0HyRD usRd
wz.rRxD'gySRcGJ;,mvXty.Ckmw>rXql.<A
24 AAAAAAAA
ubsH;yRA24AunDeH.A2748AAAAAAAAAA
z.cJvXmChCkm'D;usd.phwu;b.xk;z;uGHmydm
rk.A4*RtHRw*RwusRd 'D;rlRql.0J'.M.vDRI
ydmrk.vXtb.w>rlRql.A4*Rtusg<
Aw*Rtd.'D;t[H.zdCMD .vDRIArhr>h t*RA3*Rw
cDrh>'.rk.ueDRM.vDRIAySRuD>y,DRrk.rRw>rRzJ
w>bSDzv;pwh;'Xw>rRvD>tHRySRto;eH.yS>u
wX>rh>'.ySRA28eH.zdwz.M.vDRI
w>upD.ymzsg0JvX<AuD>y,DRydmrk.A
10*RtHRtd.vX0 h>wul.A38AusJM.vDRIA'fod;
u[;xD.'D;Ckw>zH;w>rRt*D>[;xD.vXth
ph.wwDR0HRqlrvh%Sg 'D; [;xD.Ckw>rR 'D;t0J
oh.rh>ySRrRw>zdvXtzd;oJp;wz.M.vDRI
ydmrk. wz. w>rlRql.t0Joh. 0HRwkR
cJtRH w>wvdmuG>D ySRrRur.w>eDwrHRb.I
w>rRoH<Aw>}wDwHmw>obVvXw>[;xD.uhR
vDR<Aw>rRxD'gySRpkvD>cD.cd.cGJ;,m<Aw>tD.
us.d tD.phAt*h>w>u&Xu&dvXttd.vXtrJ&
uRAtX;&J;th.xX.eJ.%SX.eX.ymzsg0JvRD IA
'fvJ.*hRArhrh>A(Chevron)wcDbd;b.
&RvDRymzsg0JvXt0Jo.h tw>rRwz.uJbsK;vX
ySRw0Xt*D>M.vDRIAtw>ymzsgtylRpH;0JvXAxd.
xX.tw>rRvXtrh>w>td.ql.td.cV<Ark>usdR
0JRuGmw>*kRxD.yoDxD.<Aw>ul.b.ul.oh
w>&J.w>usJRvX(Chevron)qD.xGJrh>w>vXt&h
'd.'D;uJxD.w>rR*hRxD.ySRw0XvXttd.vX
,.we.*mo0HyRD usRd w>wdmusRJ t[D.u0DRylR
t*h>th.tJz.H w>upD.oMymzsg0JvRD IA
xd.xX.wcDcDqXu'guhR0JvXySRcGJ;
,mu&Xwz.woh.ngymyeD.t0Jo.h tw>rR
vXw>td.ql.td.cV'D;w>ul.b.ul.ohtw>
b.bsK;wz.b.t*h>th.tJzH.w>upD.oM
ymzsg0JvRD IA
xd.xX.rh>ul.yeH.vXtbsXvDRphrd>
yS>wzkz,J .we.*mo0Hw>rRzJA1992AeH.tylR
M.vDRIAt0JbsXvDRphA31I24Ars;u,R<A'D;Arhrh>
(Chevron)wcDA28Ars;u,RM.vDRIA*mo0HtHR
60rs;u,Rw>xk;xD.qgqlu>D uF.D wJ.M.vDRI
September 30, 2009