U

si ng thi s l ow-cost project one

can reproduce audi o from TV
wi thout di sturbi ng others. I t
does not use any wi re connecti on be-
tween TV and headphones. I n pl ace of
a pai r of wi res, i t uses i nvi si bl e i nfra-
red l i ght to transmi t audi o si gnal s from
TV to headphones. Wi thout usi ng any
l ens, a range of up to 6 metres i s
possi bl e. Range can be extended by
usi ng l enses and refl ectors wi th I R sen-
sors compri si ng transmi tters and re-
cei vers.
I R transmi tter uses two-stage tran-
si stor ampl i fi er to dri ve two seri es-con-
nected I R LEDs. An
au di o ou t-
pu t tr an s -
for mer i s
used (i n re-
v er s e) to
coupl e audi o
output from
TV to the I R
transmi tter.
Tr ansi stor s
T1 and T2
ampl i fy the
au di o s i g-
n al s r e-
cei ved from
TV through the audi o transformer. Low-
i mpedance output wi ndi ngs (l ower
gauge or thi cker wi res) are used for con-
necti on to TV si de whi l e hi gh-i mped-
ance wi ndi ngs are connected to I R trans-
mi tter. Thi s I R transmi tter can be pow-
ered from a 9-vol t mai ns adapter or bat-
tery. Red LED1 i n transmi tter ci rcui t
functi ons as a zener di ode (0.65V) as
wel l as suppl y-on i ndi cator.
I R recei ver uses 3-stage transi stor
ampl i fi er. The fi rst two transi stors (T4
and T5) for m audi o si gnal ampl i fi er
whi l e the thi rd transi stor T6 i s used to
dri ve a headphone. Adjust potmeter VR2
for max. cl ari ty.
Di rect photo-transi stor towards I R
LEDs of transmi tter for max. range. A
9-vol t battery can be used wi th recei ver
for portabl e operati on.
Infrared Cordless
Headphone
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CIRCUIT IDEAS
T
he circuit shown here is that of
the IC controlled emergency
light. Its main
features are: automatic
switching-on of the light
on mains failure and bat-
tery charger with over-
charge protection.
When mains is ab-
sent, relay RL2 is in de-
energised state, feeding
battery supply to in-
verter section via its N/
C contacts and switch
S1. The inverter section
comprises IC2 (NE555)
which is used in stable
mode to produce sharp
pulses at the rate of 50
Hz for driving the
MOSFETs. The output of
IC3 is fed to gate of
MOSFET (T4) directly
while it is applied to
MOSFET (T3) gate after
inversion by transistor
T2. Thus the power am-
plifier built around
MOSFETs T3 and T4
functions in push-pull
mode.
The output across
secondary of transformer
X2 can easily drive a
230-volt, 20-watt fluores-
cent tube. In case light
is not required to be on
during mains failure,
simply flip switch S1 to
off position.
inverting pin is held at a reference volt-
age of approximately 6.9 volts which is
obtained using diode D5 (1N4148) and
6.2-volt zener D6. The inverting pin of
IC1 is connected to the positive termi-
nal of battery. Thus when mains
supply is present, IC1 comparator out-
put is high, unless battery voltage ex-
ceeds 6.9 volts. So transistor T1 is nor-
mally forward biased, which energises
relay RL1. In this state the battery re-
mains on charge via N/O contacts of
relay RL1 and current limiting resistor
R2. When battery voltage exceeds 6.9
volts (overcharged condition), IC1 out-
put goes low and relay RL1 gets de-
energised, and thus stops further charg-
ing of battery.
MOSFETs T3 and T4 may be
mounted on suitable heat sinks.
IC Controlled
Emergency Light
with Charger
Battery overcharge preventer circuit
is built around IC1 (LM308). Its non-
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CIRCUIT IDEAS
M
any di gi tal code l ock ci rcui ts
have been publ i shed i n thi s
magazi ne. I n those ci rcui ts a
set of swi tches (conformi ng to code) are
pressed one by one wi thi n the speci fi ed
ti me to open the l ock. I n some other
ci rcui ts, custom-bui l t I Cs are used and
posi ti ve and negati ve l ogi c pul ses are
keyed i n sequence as per the code by
two swi tches to open the l ock.
A l ow-cost di gi tal code l ock ci rcui t
i s presented i n thi s arti cl e. Here the
keyi ng-i n code i s r ather uni que. Si x
swi tches are to be pressed to open the
l ock, but onl y two swi tches at a ti me.
Thus a total of three sets of swi tches
have to be pressed i n a parti cul ar se-
quence. (Of these three sets, one set i s
repeated.) The sal i ent features of thi s
ci rcui t are:
1. Use of 16 swi tches, whi ch sug-
gests that there i s a mi croprocessor i n-
si de.
2. El i mi nati on of power ampl i fi er
transi stor to energi se the rel ay.
3. Low cost and smal l PCB si ze.
Simple Low-Cost
Digital Code Lock
An essenti al property of thi s el ec-
troni c code l ock i s that i t works i n
monostabl e mode, i .e. once tri ggered,
the output becomes hi gh and remai ns
so for a peri od of ti me, governed by the
ti mi ng components, before returi ng to
the qui escent l ow state. I n thi s ci rcui t,
ti mer I C 555 wi th 8 pi ns i s used. The
I C i s i nexpensi ve and easi l y avai l abl e.
I ts pi n 2 i s the tri ggeri ng i nput pi n
whi ch, when hel d bel ow 1/3 of the sup-
pl y vol tage, dri ves the output to hi gh
state. The threshol d pi n 6, when hel d
hi gher than 2/3 of the suppl y vol tage,
dri ves the output to l ow state. By ap-
pl yi ng a l ow-goi ng pul se to the reset
pi n 4, the output at pi n 3 can be
brought to the qui escent l ow l evel . Thus
the reset pi n 4 shoul d be hel d hi gh for
normal operati on of the I C.
Three sets of swi tches SA-SC, S1-
S8 and S3-S4 are pressed, i n that or-
der, to open the l ock. On pressi ng the
swi tches SA and SC si mul taneousl y, ca-
paci tor C3 charges through the poten-
ti al di vi der compri si ng resi stors R3 and
R4, and on rel easi ng these two swi tches,
capaci tor C3 starts di schargi ng through
resi stor R4. Capaci tor C3 and resi stor
R4 are so sel ected that i t takes about
fi ve seconds to ful l y di scharge C3.
Depressi ng swi tches S1 and S8 i n
uni son, wi thi n fi ve seconds of rel easi ng
the swi tches SA and SC, pul l s pi n 2 to
ground and I C 555 i s tri ggered. The ca-
paci tor C1 starts chargi ng through re-
si stor R1. As a resul t, the output (pi n
3) goes hi gh for fi ve seconds (i .e. the
chargi ng ti me T of the capaci tor C1 to
the threshol d vol tage, whi ch i s cal cu-
l ated by the rel ati on T=1.1 R1 x C1 sec-
onds).
Wi thi n these fi ve seconds, swi tches
SA and SC are to be pressed momen-
tari l y once agai n, fol l owed by the de-
pressi on of l ast code-swi tch pai r S3-S4.
These swi tches connect the rel ay to out-
put pi n 3 and the rel ay i s energi sed.
The contacts of the rel ay cl ose and the
sol enoi d pul l s i n the l atch (formi ng part
of a l ock) and the l ock opens. The re-
mai ni ng swi tches are connected between
reset pi n 4 and ground. I f any one of
these swi tches i s pressed, the I C i s re-
set and the output goes to i ts qui escent
l ow state. Possi bi l i ti es of pressi ng these
reset swi tches are more when a code
breaker tri es to open the l ock.
LED D5 i ndi cates the presence of
power suppl y whi l e resi stor R5 i s a cur-
rent l i mi ti ng resi stor.
The gi ven ci rcui t can be recoded eas-
i l y by rearrangi ng connecti ons to the
swi tches as desi red by the user.
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ELECTRONICS FOR YOU MARCH '99
Wiper Speed
Controller
A
conti nuousl y worki ng wi per i n
a car may prove to be a nui -
sance, especi al l y when i t i s not
rai ni ng heavi l y. By usi ng the ci rcui t de-
scri bed here one can vary sweepi ng rate
of the wi per from once a second to once
i n ten seconds.
The ci r cui t compr i ses two ti mer
NE555 I Cs, one CD4017 decade counter,
on e TI P32
dri ver tran-
s i s tor , a
2 N 3 0 5 5
power tran-
s i s tor (or
TI P 3 0 5 5 )
an d a few
oth er di s -
crete compo-
nents.
T i m e r
I C1 i s con-
fi gured as a
mono- stabl e
multivibrator
whi ch pr o-
du ces a
pul se when
one pr esses
s wi tch S1
m o m e n -
tar i l y. Thi s
pul se acts as
a cl ock pul se
for the decade counter (I C2) whi ch ad-
vances by one count on each successi ve
cl ock pul se or the push of swi tch S1.
Ten presets (VR1 through VR10),
set for di fferent val ues by tri al and er-
ror, are used at the ten outputs of I C2.
But si nce onl y one output of I C2 i s hi gh
at a ti me, onl y one preset (at sel ected
output) effecti vel y comes i n seri es wi th
ti mi ng resi stors R4 and R5 connected i n
the ci rcui t of ti mer I C3 whi ch functi ons
i n astabl e mode.
As presets VR1 through VR10 are
set for di fferent val ues, di fferent ti me
per i ods (or fr equenci es) for astabl e
mul ti vi brator I C3 can be sel ected. The
output of I C3 i s appl i ed to pnp dri ver
transi stor T1 (TI P32) for dri vi ng the fi -
nal power transi stor T2 (2N3055) whi ch
i n turn dri ves the wi per motor at the
sel ected sweep speed. The power suppl y
for the wi per motor as wel l as the ci rcui t
i s tapped from the vehi cl es battery i t-
s el f. Th e du r ati on of mon os tabl e
mul ti vi brator I C1 i s set for a nearl y one
second peri od.
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