Rule 111 Prosecution of Civil Actions a) Sec. 1 Institution of Criminal and Civil Action 2. Yakult Philippines, et al. v.

. Court of Appeals, et al. G.R. No. 91856 cto!er 5" 199# Ganca$co" %. &acts' In 1982" five($ear old Ro$ Camaso" )*ile standin+ on t*e side)al, of -. de la &uente Street" Sam.aloc" -anila" )as sides)i.ed !$ motorc$cle o)ned !$ /a,ult 0*ili..ines and driven !$ its em.lo$ee" 1arr$ Salvado. 2*e latter )as c*ar+ed )it* t*e crime of rec,less im.rudence resultin+ to sli+*t .*$sical in3uries in an information t*at )as filed )it* t*e t*en Cit$ Court of -anila. In 1984" a com.laint for dama+es )as filed !$ Ro$ Camaso re.resented !$ *is fat*er" 5avid Camaso" a+ainst /a,ult and Salvado in R2C -anila. A decision )as rendered in t*e civil case orderin+ defendants /a,ult and Salvado to .a$ 3ointl$ and severall$ t*e .laintiff sums for actual e6.enses for medical services and *os.ital !ills" attorne$7s fees and t*e costs of t*e suit. Issue' )*et*er or not a civil action instituted after t*e criminal action )as filed .ros.er even if t*ere )as no reservation to file a se.arate civil action 8eld' /es. Section 1" Rule 111 of t*e 1985 Rules of Criminal 0rocedure .rovides as follo)s'
S9C. 1. Institution of criminal and civil actions . : ;*en a criminal action is instituted" t*e civil action for t*e recover$ of civil lia!ilit$ is im.liedl$ instituted )it* t*e criminal action" unless t*e offended .art$ )aives t*e civil action" reserves *is ri+*t to institute it se.aratel$" or institutes t*e civil action .rior to t*e criminal action. 666 2*e reservation of t*e ri+*t to institute t*e se.arate civil actions s*all !e made !efore t*e .rosecution starts to .resent its evidence and under circumstances affordin+ t*e offended .art$ a reasona!le o..ortunit$ to ma,e suc* reservation.

2*e civil action for t*e recover$ of civil lia!ilit$ is im.liedl$ instituted )it* t*e criminal action unless t*e offended .art$ )aives t*e civil action" reserves *is ri+*t to institute it se.aratel$ or institutes t*e civil action .rior to t*e criminal action. It is also .rovided t*at t*e reservation of t*e ri+*t to institute t*e se.arate civil action s*all !e made !efore t*e .rosecution starts to .resent its evidence and under circumstances affordin+ t*e offended .art$ a reasona!le o..ortunit$ to ma,e suc* reservation. In t*is case" t*e offended .art$ *as not )aived t*e civil action" nor reserved t*e ri+*t to institute it se.aratel$. Neit*er *as t*e offended .art$ instituted t*e civil action .rior to t*e criminal action. 8o)ever" t*e civil action in t*is case )as filed in court !efore t*e .resentation of t*e evidence for t*e .rosecution in t*e criminal action of )*ic* t*e 3ud+e .residin+ on t*e criminal case )as dul$ informed" so t*at in t*e dis.osition of t*e criminal action no dama+es )as a)arded.