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If colonialism had not come to Africa, to what extent do you think that Africa might have modernized on its own? It is quite difficult to give an answer to these kind of questions. It is not easy to imagine what would have happened if colonisation had not come to Africa and we cannot check the validity of what we believe. History has given to us many examples when the seemingly improbable did happen. Definitely, the colonisation had a very strong effect on Africa in many ways. However, there are a few clues which could help us. e can study the development of non!colonised countries in

Africa. "hese are #thiopia and $iberia. %ompared to the other African states the differences regarding their development are not really significant. e cannot state that these countries are more

moderni&ed or significantly underdeveloped than the others even if there are certain differences. 'ot even these kind of comparisons could give us the correct answer because Africa is an extremely large continent and even before the colonisation there were huge differences between the different parts of it. (robably the different parts of Africa would have developed in a different way. e cannot state that strong #uropean influence is needed for modernising a country. "here are examples like )apan or %hina which were very different form the #uropean civilisation and re*ected the #uropeans for a long time but they managed to achieve a high levelled civilisation. It is not excluded that something similar could have been realised in some parts of Africa too. +efore the colonisation existed in Africa a few ethic groups who were able to organise themselves in states and started to develop like the ,ante (eople who created the ,ante %onfederacy. It would be interesting to know what would have happened with them without the colonisation. In this case probably some of the civil wars wouldn-t have occurred. %onflicts might have happened, but in a more organic way. All the phenomena which are evolving in a natural way lead more easily to a more stable development. Intervention to the natural course of events may produce sudden changes but they cannot last because do not have a strong and real base in most of the cases.

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