Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 30

The Olmeca-Xicallanca of
Teotihuacan, Cacaxtla, and
Cholula
An archaeological, ethnohistorical,
and linguistic synthesis

Robert E. L. Chadwick
con una contribucin de

Angel Garca Cook

El Epiclsico en la regin
poblano-tlaxcalteca

BAR International Series 2488

2013

Published by
Archaeopress
Publishers of British Archaeological Reports
Gordon House
276 Banbury Road
Oxford OX2 7ED
England
bar@archaeopress.com
www.archaeopress.com

BAR S2488
Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 30
Editor: Eric Taladoire
The Olmeca-Xicallanca of Teotihuacan, Cacaxtla, and Cholula: An archaeological, ethnohistorical, and
linguistic synthesis
El Epiclsico en la regin poblano-tlaxcalteca
Archaeopress, E L Chadwick and A Garca Cook 2013

ISBN 978 1 4073 1102 9

Printed in England by Information Press, Oxford

All BAR titles are available from:
Hadrian Books Ltd
122 Banbury Road
Oxford
OX2 7BP
England

www.hadrianbooks.co.uk

The current BAR catalogue with details of all titles in print, prices and means of payment is available free
from Hadrian Books or may be downloaded from www.archaeopress.com

Table of contents
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. i
Table of contents ....................................................................................................................ii
List of Illustrations ................................................................................................................ iv
Foreword, by Michael D. Coe ..............................................................................................vii
El Epiclsico en la regin poblano-tlaxcalteca,
by Angel Garca Cook .......................................................................................................... 1
Antecedentes. ......................................................................................................................... 1
Cultura Cholula. ..................................................................................................................... 2
La Cultura Tenanyecac .......................................................................................................... 5
La Cultura Teotihuacana en la regin poblano-tlaxcalteca. ................................................... 8
Cultura Cacaxtla (o de los Olmecas-Xicalancas) ................................................................. 10
Descripcin del sitio de Cacaxtla ......................................................................................... 12
Los murales de Cacaxtla ...................................................................................................... 20
La cultura Texcalac Temprano ............................................................................................. 42
El complejo Acopinalco ....................................................................................................... 46
Eplogo ................................................................................................................................. 51
Bibliografa citada ................................................................................................................ 51
The Olmeca-Xicallanca of Teotihuacan, Cacaxtla, and Cholula:
An Archaeological, Ethnohistorical, and Linguistic Synthesis,
by Robert Chadwick .......................................................................................................... 55
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 55
El enigma de los olmecas ................................................................................................. 57
The Epigraphers Mistake .................................................................................................... 58
McCaffertys Ideas ............................................................................................................... 59
Scenarios about the Olmeca-Xicallanca ............................................................................... 62
Ellen Bairds Study of Cacaxtla Art ..................................................................................... 64
The Late Dean of Pan-Mixtequsmo .................................................................................... 64
Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 64
The Olmeca-Xicallanca of Teotihuacan: A Preliminary Study ............................... 66
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 66

ii

The Languages of Teotihuacan ............................................................................................ 66

The Jimnez Moreno Hypothesis ......................................................................................... 67
Mixe-Zoquean ...................................................................................................................... 67
Kaufmans Hypothesis ......................................................................................................... 67
Nahuas at Teotihuacan ......................................................................................................... 68
The Dakin-Wichmann Hypothesis ....................................................................................... 68
Flower-World Complex .................................................................................................... 69
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 70
The Relict Languages of the Sixteenth Century: Popoluca/Popoloca .................................. 70
The Timespan A.D. 500 600 ............................................................................................. 72
Michael Coe Refutes Dakin-Wichmann............................................................................... 72
Mixe-Zoquean ...................................................................................................................... 73
Kaufmans Hypothesis Redux .............................................................................................. 73
Totonacs ............................................................................................................................... 73
Terrence Kaufmans Reconstruction: about Mixe, Zoqueans, Totonacs,
Nahuas (2001) ................................................................................................................ 74
Linguistic Diffusion of Mixe-Zoquean ................................................................................ 75
Mixtec .................................................................................................................................. 75
Maya .................................................................................................................................... 78
Phonetic Writing at Tetitla ................................................................................................... 79
The Arrival of Teotihuacan Strangers at Tikal ..................................................................... 79
Zapotec ................................................................................................................................. 80
Mazatec and the Nonoalcas .................................................................................................. 82
Chocho-Popoloca ................................................................................................................. 82
The Merchant Barrio......................................................................................................... 83
La Ventilla B ........................................................................................................................ 83
Tarascan ............................................................................................................................... 84
The Marta Foncerrada de Molina Reconstruction:
Teotihuacan-Cacaxtla-Chontal Maya .............................................................................. 85
The Maya Merchant God at Cacaxtla................................................................................... 85
Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 87
Bibliography......................................................................................................................... 87

iii