NLW 1

FM 90-40
MCRP 3-15.8
NWP 3-07.31
USCG PUB 3-07.31
NLW
MULTISERVICE PROCEDURES
FOR THE
TACTICAL EMPLOYMENT OF
NONLETHAL WEAPONS
OCTOBER 1998
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved
for public release; distribution is unlimited.
ARMY, MARINE CORPS, NAVY
AIR LAND SEA
APPLICATION
CENTER
MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES
M
A
R
I
N
E
C
O
RPS
C
O
M
B
A
T
D
E
V
E
L
O
P
M
E
NT
C
O
M
M
A
N
D
Provided by www.marines.cc
FOREWORD
Thi s publ i cati on has been prepared under our di recti on for use by our respecti ve
commands and other commands as appropri ate.
WILLIAM W. HARTZOG
General , USA
Commander
Trai ni ng and Doctri ne Command
J . E. RHODES
Li eutenant General , USMC
Commandi ng General
Mari ne Corps Combat
Devel opment Command
G. S. HOLDER
Rear Admi ral , USN
Commander
Naval Doctr i ne Command
i
PREFACE
empl oyment of NLW dur i ng exer ci ses and
conti ngenci es.
b. Th e Un i ted States (US) Ar my,
Mar i ne Cor ps, Navy, and Coast Guar d
appr oved thi s mul ti ser vi ce publ i cati on.
4. Implementation Plan
Par ti ci pati ng ser vi ce command offi ces
of pr i mar y r es pon s i bi l i ty (OPRs ) wi l l
r ev i ew th i s pu bl i cati on , v al i date th e
i nformati on, and reference and i ncorporate
i t i n ser vi ce manual s, r egul ati ons, and
cur r i cul a as fol l ows:
Army. The Ar my wi l l i ncor por ate the
procedures i n thi s publ i cati on i n US Army
tr ai n i n g an d doctr i n al pu bl i cati on s as
di r ected by th e comman der , US Ar my
Tr ai n i n g an d Doctr i n e Comman d
(TRADOC). Di str i buti on i s i n accor dance
wi th DA Form 12-11E.
Marine Corps. The Mar i ne Cor ps wi l l
i n cor por ate th e pr ocedu r es i n th i s
publ i cati on i n US Mar i ne Cor ps tr ai ni ng
and doctr i nal publ i cati ons as di r ected by
the commandi ng general , US Mari ne Corps
Combat Devel opment Command (MCCDC).
Di stri buti on i s i n accordance wi th MCPDS.
Navy. The Navy wi l l i ncorporate these
pr ocedu r es i n US Nav y tr ai n i n g an d
doctr i nal publ i cati ons as di r ected by the
commander , Navy War far e Devel opment
Command (NWDC). Di str i buti on i s i n
accor dance wi th MI LSTRI P Desk Gui de
and NAVSOP Publ i cati on 409.
Coast Guard. The Coast Guar d wi l l
i n cor por ate th e pr ocedu r es i n th i s
publ i cati on i n US Coast Guar d doctr i nal
and trai ni ng publ i cati ons as di rected by the
as s i s tan t comman dan t for oper ati on s ,
Di r ector of Oper ati ons Pol i cy, US Coast
Guar d. Di str i buti on of thi s publ i cati on i s
i n accor dance wi th Coast Guar d standi ng
oper ati ng pr ocedur es.
1. Scope
Thi s publ i cati on descri bes mul ti servi ce
tacti cs, techni ques, and procedures (MTTP)
for con s i der ati on an d u s e du r i n g th e
tacti cal empl oyment of nonl ethal weapons
(NLW) i n support of warfi ghti ng personnel
conducti ng trai ni ng and tacti cal operati ons.
Thi s publ i cati on
a. Provi des an overvi ew of NLW.
b. Pr ovi des NLW system descr i pti on/
i nter oper abi l i ty.
c. Descri bes the capabi l i ti es of NLW.
d. Di scusses tr ai ni ng wi th the NLW
capabi l i ty set.
e. Di scusses the tacti cal empl oyment
of NLW.
f. Di s cus s es l es s ons l ear ned fr om
pr evi ous NLW use.
2. Purpose
a. Thi s publ i cati on pr ovi des a si ngl e-
s ou r ce, con s ol i dated r efer en ce on th e
tacti cal empl oy men t of NL W an d
s u ppor ti n g s y s tems on th e n on l i n ear
battl efi el d of today. Addi ti onal l y, i t wi l l fi l l
the voi d that currentl y exi sts about MTTP
for the tacti cal empl oyment of NLW.
b. Thi s publ i cati on i s not i ntended to
r estr i ct the author i ty of the commander
from organi zi ng the force and executi ng the
mi ssi on i n a manner deemed appropri ate.
3. Application
a. Th i s pu bl i cati on pr ov i des
commander s and thei r staffs uncl assi fi ed
gu i dan ce for NL W empl oy men t an d
pl anni ng. Commanders and staffs can use
th i s pu bl i cati on to ai d i n th e tacti cal
Marine Corps: PCN 14300005700
ii
5. User Information
a. Th e TRADOC-MCCDC-NWDC-
AFDC Ai r Land Sea Appl i cati on (ALSA)
Center devel oped thi s publ i cati on wi th the
j oi n t par ti ci pati on of th e appr ov i n g
servi ce commands. ALSA wi l l revi ew and
update thi s publ i cati on as necessary.
b. We en cou r age r ecommen ded
changes for i mpr ovi ng thi s publ i cati on.
Key your comments to the speci fi c page and
paragraph and provi de a rati onal e for each
r ecommen dati on . Sen d commen ts an d
r ecommendati on di r ectl y to
Army
Commander
US Army Training and Doctrine Command
ATTN: ATDO-A
Fort Monroe VA 2365l-5000
DSN 680-3153 COMM (757) 727-3153
Marine Corps
Commanding General
US Marine Corps Combat Development Command
ATTN: C42
3300 Russell Road
Quantico VA 22134-5021
DSN 278-6234 COMM (703) 784-6234
Navy
Navy Warfare Development Command
ATTN: N3
1540 Gilbert St
Norfolk VA 23511-2785
DSN 565-0563 COMM (757) 445-0563
E-mail: ndcjoint@nctamslant.navy.mil
ALSA
ALSA Center
ATTN: Director
114 Andrews Street
Langley AFB VA 23665-2785
DSN 574-5934 COMM (757) 764-5934
E-mail : alsadirector@langley.af.mil
iii
FM 90-40
MCRP 3-15.8
NWP 3-07.31
USCG PUB 3-07.31
FM 90-40 US Army Training and Doctrine Command
Fort Monroe, Virginia
MCRP 3-15.8 Marine Corps Combat Development Command
Quantico, Virginia
NWP 3-07.31 Navy Warfare Development Command
Norfolk, Virginia
USCG PUB 3-07.31 US Coast Guard
Washington, D.C.
6 October 1998
NLW
MuItiservice Procedures for the
TacticaI EmpIoyment of NonIethaI Weapons
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER I OVERVIEW OF NONLETHAL WEAPONS
Backgr ound ................................................................................................. I-1
Defi ni ti on .................................................................................................... I-1
Concept Descr i pti on .................................................................................. I-1
Background on Devel opment and Empl oyment..................................... I-1
Rel ati onshi p of NLW to Deadl y Force .................................................... I-2
Advantages of Empl oyi ng NLW ............................................................... I-3
Pol i cy Per Offi ce of the Secretary of Defense I nstructi ons on
Empl oyment of NLW.............................................................................. I-3
CHAPTER II PURPOSE, SYSTEM DESCRIPTION, AND ORGANIZATION
Pur pose ...................................................................................................... II-1
System Descr i pti on ................................................................................. II-1
Or gani zati on ............................................................................................. II-2
iv
CHAPTER III CAPABILITIES OF NONLETHAL WEAPONS
Appl i cabi l i ty Across the Range of Mi l i tary Operati ons ..................... III-1
Cor e Capabi l i ti es .................................................................................... III-1
Li mi tati ons .............................................................................................. III-3
CHAPTER IV TRAINING WITH THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY SET
Fundamental Concepts and Trai ni ng Requi rements .......................... IV-1
Trai ni ng of I nstructors ........................................................................... IV-1
Nonl ethal Trai ni ng Topi cs for Depl oyi ng Uni ts .................................. IV-2
Uni t Trai ni ng ........................................................................................... IV-4
Leader Tr ai ni ng ...................................................................................... IV-5
Summary .................................................................................................. IV-5
CHAPTER V EMPLOYMENT OF THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY
Backgr ound ................................................................................................ V-1
Mi ssi on Pl anni ng Factors ........................................................................ V-1
NLW Tasks ................................................................................................. V-2
Staff Pl anni ng/Responsi bi l i ti es ............................................................. V-1
Tacti cs ....................................................................................................... V-11
Empl oyment Objecti ves ......................................................................... V-13
Envi r onment ............................................................................................ V-14
ROE .......................................................................................................... V-14
Logi sti c Consi der ati ons I ncl udi ng Mai ntenance and
Transportati on ..................................................................................... V-14
CHAPTER VI LESSONS LEARNED
Backgr ound .............................................................................................. VI-1
For ce Conti nuum .................................................................................... VI-1
Empl oyment ............................................................................................. VI-1
Publ i ci ty and Medi a ................................................................................ VI-2
Capabi l i ti es and I mpact on Mi ssi on Accompl i shment ........................ VI-2
Knowi ng Your Adver sar y ....................................................................... VI-3
Summary .................................................................................................. VI-3
APPENDIX A NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY SET INDIVIDUAL ...................... A-1
APPENDIX B SPECIALTY IMPACT MUNITIONS ........................................................... B-1
APPENDIX C NONLETHAL INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS INSTRUCTOR COURSE .......... C-1
APPENDIX D SAMPLE UNIT TRAINING SCHEDULE ................................................... D-1
REFERENCES...................................................................................................... References-1
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................ GIossary-1
INDEX................................................................................................................................ Index-1
FIGURES V-1 Bands of Empl oyment of Vari ous NLW Systems ..................... V-12
B-1 No. 15-"Sti nger Team" Grenade ................................................... B-1
v
B-2 No. 40F-Foam Rubber Mul ti pl e Baton Round ............................ B-2
B-3 No. 23BR-Bean Bag Round ........................................................... B-3
B-4 No. 23HV-Rubber Pel l et Round Hi gh Vel oci ty ........................... B-4
B-5 No. 23WB-Si ngl e Wood Baton Round .......................................... B-5
B-6 No. 40B-Sti nger Team Round ....................................................... B-6
B-7 No. 23RP-Rubber Pel l et Round .................................................... B-7
B- No. 40W-Wood Mul ti pl e Baton Round ........................................ B-
B-9 No. 40A-Sti nger Team Round ....................................................... B-9
B-1 No. 23FB-Di ver si onar y Devi ce .................................................. B-1
B-11 No. 23FS-Rubber Fi n Stabi l i zed Round ................................... B-11
TABLES IV-1 40mm Foam Baton Round ............................................................ IV-3
IV-2 40mm Wood Baton Round ............................................................ IV-3
IV-3 40mm Sti nger Round (60 Cal i ber)............................................... IV-3
IV-4 12-ga Bean Bag Round ................................................................. IV-3
IV-5 12-ga Wood Baton Round ............................................................. IV-4
IV-6 12-ga Rubber Pel l et Round .......................................................... IV-4
IV-7 Sti nger Gr enade ............................................................................ IV-4
V-1 Cr owd Contr ol ................................................................................ V-2
V-2 I ncapaci tate Per sonnel .................................................................. V-4
V-3 Deny Area to Personnel ................................................................ V-5
V-4 Deny Area to Vehi cl es ................................................................... V-6
V-5 Deny/Neutr al i ze Vehi cl es, Ai r cr aft, Vessel s, and Faci l i ti es .... V-7
V-6 Sei ze Per sonnel .............................................................................. V-8
V-7 Cl ear Faci l i ti es of Personnel ....................................................... V-9
vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NLW
Multiservice Procedures for the
Tactical Employment of Nonlethal Weapons
No l onger can for ce be vi ewed as ei ther on or off (l ethal for ce or no for ce) because
whol e spectrums of threats are present today. NLWs' opti ons al l ow force to be vi ewed as
a conti nuum. Much l i ke a rheostat swi tch where power can be di al ed up or down as desi red,
NLW provi de tool s to al l ow a commander to empl oy suffi ci ent force to accompl i sh an objecti ve
wi thout r equi r i ng the destr ucti on of an enemy or the habi tat. The i ntent of empl oyi ng
NLW i s not to add another step i n the progressi on of escal ati on wi th an adversary but to
add another tool to use anywhere al ong that conti nuum. Thi s publ i cati on provi des i ni ti al
gui dance for the empl oyment of NLW i n a tacti cal envi ronment.
Overview of NLW
Chapter I descri bes the concept of NLW and provi des the background on devel opment
and empl oyment of NLW. The chapter goes on to expl ai n the r el ati onshi p of NLW to
deadl y force capabi l i ti es. The fi nal porti on of the chapter revi ews pol i cy per Offi ce of the
Secretary of Defense i nstructi ons on empl oyment of NLW.
Purpose, System Description, and Organization
Chapter I I descri bes the purpose of NLW and gi ves a bri ef descri pti on of the currentl y
avai l abl e commerci al or government off-the-shel f (COTS/GOTS) equi pment and muni ti ons.
The chapter goes on to expl ai n the cur r entl y anti ci pated di str i buti on of nonl ethal
equi pment for the Uni ted States Army, Mari ne Corps, and Ai r Force uni ts. The fi nal porti on
of the chapter addresses personnel requi rements, organi zati onal structure requi rements,
and mi ssi on r equi r ements/tacti cal str uctur e.
Capabilities of NLW
Chapter I I I descr i bes capabi l i ti es of NLW and mi ssi ons acr oss the r ange of mi l i tar y
operati ons. Addi ti onal l y, a detai l ed di scussi on of muni ti ons and nonmuni ti ons capabi l i ti es
i s pr esented.
Training With the NLW Capability Set
Chapter I V descr i bes tr ai ni ng r equi r ements, methods, l ocati ons, and a pr ogr am of
i nstr ucti on cur r entl y avai l abl e for NLW opti ons.
vii
Employment of NLW Capability
Chapter V descr i bes empl oyment pr er equi si tes, mi ssi on-pl anni ng factor s, and
per sonnel r equi r ements needed to empl oy NLW opti ons. The chapter al so di scusses
empl oyi ng NLW as augmentati on to l ethal weapons and pr ovi des l ogi sti c and safety
consi der ati ons.
Lessons Learned
Chapter VI focuses on l essons l earned from recent operati ons. The chapter di scusses
how nonl ethal technol ogy has changed the way we l ook at our adver sar y, the for ce
conti nuum, mi ssi on accompl i shment, and medi a i nter acti on.
viii
PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS
The fol l owi ng commands and agenci es parti ci pated i n the devel opment of thi s publ i cati on:
J oint
US Atl anti c Command, J35/J75, JTASC, Suffol k, VA
US European Command, J3/J5, APO AE
US Paci fi c Command, J3832, Camp H. M. Smi th, HI
US Central Command, J3, MacDi l l Ai r Force Base, FL
US Southern Command, SCJ5-PS, Mi ami , FL
US Space Command, SPJ5X, Peterson AFB, CO
US Speci al Operati ons Command, JSOFI , SOFI -D, Fort Bragg, NC
Joi nt Nonl ethal Weapons Di rectorate, Quanti co, VA
Army
Headquarters, Department of the Army, ODCSOPS (DAMO-FDT), Pentagon, Washi ngton, D.C.
US Army Trai ni ng and Doctri ne Command, DCSDOC (ATDO-A), Fort Monroe, VA
US Army Trai ni ng and Doctri ne Command, DCSCD (ATDO-MM), Fort Monroe, VA
US Army I nfantry Center, DCD, Fort Benni ng, GA
US Army Mi l i tary Pol i ce School , ATTN: ATZN-MP-CBI , Fort McCl el l an, AL
Manuever Support Battl e Lab, Bl dg 3200, USAEC, Fort Leonard Wood, MO
Headquarters, 7th Army Trai ni ng Center, APO AE 09114
Marine Corps
Mari ne Corps Combat Devel opment Command, Joi nt Doctri ne Branch (C427), Quanti co, VA
Mari ne Corps Detachment Mi l i tary Pol i ce and Chemi cal School , Fort McCl el l an, AL
Speci al Operati ons Trai ni ng Group (G-7), I Mari ne Expedi ti onary Force, Camp Pendl eton, CA
Navy
Commander, Navy Warfare Devel opment Command, Norfol k Naval Base, Norfol k, VA
Air Force
Detachment, Headquarters Ai r Force Doctri ne Center, Langl ey Ai r Force Base, VA
Headquarters Ai r Combat Command (SFXR), Langl ey Ai r Force Base, VA
Headquarters Ai r Force Speci al Operati ons Command (DOXT), Hurl burt Fi el d, FL
Human Systems Center, Brooks Ai r Force Base, TX
Coast Guard
Commandant, US Coast Guard, (G-OPD), Washi ngton, D.C.
I-1
Chapter I
OVERVIEW OF NONLETHAL WEAPONS
1. Background
a. Today i n an oper ati onal envi r on-
ment, Uni ted States (US) for ces r egul ar l y
per for m mi s s i on s th at wer e al mos t
i nconcei vabl e a few decades ago. I n thi s
new envi r onment, fi r epower or the thr eat
of i ts use may no l onger be the defaul t
sol uti on to al l cr i ses or pr obl ems. Seni or
l eader s face a n ew l ev el of pu bl i c
sensi ti vi ty and scr uti ny concer ni ng the
proper rol e of the mi l i tary as an i nstrument
of nati onal power. Fi el d commanders must
understand these sensi ti vi ti es and attempt
to achi eve measured mi l i tary force. Juni or
l eaders must appl y the resul ti ng deci si ons
wi s el y , often i n s i tu ati on s fi l l ed wi th
uncertai nty and danger.
b. Th r ou gh ou t h i s tor y , ch an ges i n
cul tur e and technol ogy i nfl uenced the
character of mi l i tary force and the manner
i n whi ch i t i s empl oyed. These changes are
an attempt to max i mi ze th e u ti l i ty of
mi l i tary force i n a new operati onal regi me.
Pr omi si ng new nonl ethal weapons (NLW)
pr opos al s r epr es en t adv an ces i n
technol ogy. I n the compl ex and changi ng
pol i ti cal and soci al domai n of the moder n
worl d, nonl ethal capabi l i ti es may offer the
oppor tuni ty to i ncr ease the uti l i ty of the
mi l i tar y as an i n s tr u men t of n ati on al
power .
2. Definition
NLW ar e defi ned as weapons that ar e
ex pl i ci tl y des i gn ed an d pr i mar i l y
empl oyed, at a mi ni mum, to di scourage or
at most, i ncapaci tate personnel or materi el
whi l e mi ni mi zi ng fatal i ti es and undesi r ed
damage to pr oper ty and the envi r onment.
NLW achi eve these benefi ts by empl oyi ng
means other than catastr ophi c physi cal
destr ucti on to i ncapaci tate thei r tar gets.
The term nonl ethal shoul d be understood
as a functi on of i ntent; zer o mor tal i ty or
per man en t damage ar e goal s n ot
guar antees of these weapons. NLW add
fl ex i bi l i ty to combat oper ati on s an d
enhance for ce pr otecti on by pr ovi di ng an
envi r onment i n whi ch fr i endl y tr oops can
engage thr eateni ng tar gets wi th l i mi ted
r i s k of n on combatan t cas u al ti es an d
col l ater al damage.
3. Concept Description
Non l eth al capabi l i ti es may pr ov i de
ar med for ces wi th the necessar y means to
con tr ol th e fl ow of r efu gees , en for ce
man dates , an d pr otect th ems el v es i n
con s on an ce wi th th e s peci fi ed r u l es of
engagement (ROE) for a speci fi c operati on.
The food rel i ef effort i n Somal i a i s a superb
exampl e where use of l ethal weapons, wi th
th e ex cepti on of for ce pr otecti on , was
i nconsi stent wi th the mi ssi on.
4. Background on Development and
Employment
a. Mi l i tar y for ces h av e l on g u s ed
nonl ethal for ce to i nfl uence behavi or of
peopl e and nati ons, defeat adversari es wi th
mi ni mum use of l ethal capabi l i ti es, and
weaken adver sar i es to defeat them wi th
conventi onal ar ms. Exampl es of cl assi c
nonl ethal means i ncl ude a show of for ce;
ph y s i cal obs tacl es ; n oi s e to cr eate or
enhance psychol ogi cal effects; smoke and
obscur ants to mask oper ati ons or defeat
homi ng and gui dance mechani sms; and l i ght
used to di sori ent combatants. These cl assi c
nonl ethal means wi l l r emai n r el evant i n
futur e oper ati ons and ar e a par t of an
ev ol u ti on ar y pr oces s of weapon s
devel opment.
I-2
b. I ncr eased i nter acti on between US
forces and ci vi l i an popul ati ons has become
a featur e of the contempor ar y oper ati onal
l andscape that i s l i kel y to remai n the case
for the for eseeabl e futur e. Two factor s
account for thi s forecast:
(1) Wor l dwi de patter ns of popul a-
ti on growth and mi grati on have resul ted i n
an expansi on of ur ban cul tur e wi thi n the
establ i shed i ndustri al i zed nati ons and al so
i n many prei ndustri al and emergi ng Thi rd
Wor l d s oci eti es . Th e pr ev al en ce of
ur bani zati on i n many cr i si s-pr one r egi ons
of the worl d creates the potenti al for l arge,
vul ner abl e gr oups of noncombatants to be
cau gh t u p i n v ol ati l e con fr on tati on s
i nvol vi ng the depl oyment of mi l i tary forces.
(2) US forces i ncreasi ngl y operate i n
the chal l engi ng envi r onment k nown as
mi l i tar y oper ati on s oth er th an war
(MOOTW); a categor y that i ncl udes such
mi s s i on s as h u man i tar i an as s i s tan ce,
di saster r el i ef, noncombatant evacuati ons,
and the vari ous types of peace operati ons.
These oper ati ons commonl y i nvol ve cl ose
and conti nual i nteracti on between US forces
and noncombatant ci vi l i ans. Some MOOTW
s cen ar i os i n cl u de th e pr es en ce of
par ami l i tar y for ces, ar med facti ons, or
rogue el ements that present a constant but
uncer tai n thr eat to our for ces. I n these
si tuati ons, the mi ssi on of mi l i tar y for ces
i ncl udes preventi ve tasks. I n other words,
US forces enhance mi ssi on accompl i shment
by preventi ng i ndi vi dual s or facti ons from
car r y i n g ou t s peci fi ed u n des i r abl e
acti v i ti es , s u ch as r i oti n g, l ooti n g,
attack i n g, h ar as s i n g, or th r eaten i n g.
Someti mes, the adver sar y bl ends i n wi th
the l ocal popul ati on of i nnocent ci ti zens.
Other ti mes, sectors of the l ocal popul ati on
may r i se agai nst our for ces and become
acti ve par ti ci pants i n acts of vi ol ence.
Facti onal al i gnments, the l evel of vi ol ence,
and the threat to mi ssi on accompl i shment
may change frequentl y and wi th l i ttl e or no
war ni ng. Under such ci r cumstances, the
i denti ty of our adversari es i s uncertai n and
the use of deadl y for ce for pur poses other
than sel f-defense may be constr ai ned by
ROE or th e j u dgmen t of th e on -s cen e
commander .
5. Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force
a. The commi tment of mi l i tary power to
resol ve cri ses has tradi ti onal l y i nvol ved the
use of deadl y force or the i mpl i ci t or expl i ci t
threat of the use of deadl y force. Mi l i tary
uni ts are trai ned, organi zed, and equi pped
for thi s purpose. A force armed onl y wi th
tradi ti onal mi l i tary weapons normal l y has
two opti on s for en for ci n g compl i an ce:
threats of deadly force and application of
deadl y force. Thi s l i mi tati on cr eates a
cri ti cal vul nerabi l i ty that bel l i gerents may
qui ckl y di scern and use to thei r advantage.
b. Non l eth al capabi l i ti es pr ov i de a
wi der range of opti ons that augment but do
not repl ace tr adi ti onal means of deadl y
force. The opti on to resort to deadl y force
must al ways r emai n avai l abl e when the
commander bel i eves i t i s appropri ate to the
mi s s i on . Th e Depar tmen t of Defen s e
Di r ecti v e (DODD) 3000.3, Pol i cy for
Nonlethal Weapons, 9 Jul y 1996, states
that the availability of NLW will not limit
a Commanders i nherent authori ty and
obl i gati on to use al l necessary means
available and to take all appropriate action
in self-defense. The exi stence of nonl ethal
capabi l i ti es does n ot r epr es en t th e
poten ti al for n on l eth al war , an d
unreal i sti c expectati ons to that effect must
be v i gor ou s l y av oi ded. Non combatan t
casual ti es, to i ncl ude ser i ous i njur i es and
fatal i ti es, wi l l conti nue to be a regrettabl e
bu t often u n av oi dabl e ou tcome wh en
mi l i tar y power i s empl oyed, r egar dl ess of
NLW avai l abi l i ty. Thi s pri nci pl e, augment
deadl y for ce, i s fu n damen tal to th e
pl anni ng and executi on of any oper ati on
wh er e th e empl oy men t of n on l eth al
capabi l i ti es i s contempl ated.
c. ROE must be cl earl y arti cul ated and
understood to establ i sh the rol e of NLW as
an additional means of empl oyi ng force for
th e par ti cu l ar pu r pos e of l i mi ti n g th e
I-3
pr obabi l i ty of death or ser i ous i njur y to
noncombatants or bel l i ger ents. Use of
deadl y for ce mu s t al way s r emai n an
i nher ent r i ght of i ndi vi dual s i n i nstances
when they, thei r fel l ow ser vi cemen, or
per sonnel i n thei r char ge ar e thr eatened
wi th death or ser i ous bodi l y har m. NLW
add fl exi bi l i ty to combat oper ati ons and
enhance for ce pr otecti on by pr ovi di ng an
en v i r on men t wh er e US for ces can
per mi ssi vel y engage thr eateni ng tar gets
wi th l i mi ted r i s k of n on combatan t
casual ti es and col l ateral damage.
d. Comman der s an d pu bl i c affai r s
offi cers must prepare personnel to address
medi a questi ons and concerns regardi ng the
r ol e of NLW. Oper ati on al ex per i en ce
i ndi cates that novel capabi l i ti es gi ve r i se
to si gni fi cant medi a i nter est. Per sonnel
par ti ci pati ng i n i nter vi ews or br i efi ngs
must be pr epar ed to addr ess the r ol e of
NLW. They must make i t cl ear that the
pr es en ce of NLW i n n o way i n di cates
abandoni ng the opti on to empl oy deadl y
for ce i n appr opr i ate ci r cumstances.
6. Advantages of Employing NLW
NL W pr ov i de comman der s th e
fl ex i bi l i ty to i n fl u en ce th e s i tu ati on
fav or abl y wi th r edu ced r i s k of
noncombatant fatal i ti es and col l ater al
damage. Some advantages fol l ow:
a. Th ey can be mor e h u man e an d
consi stent wi th the pol i ti cal and soci al
i mpl i cati ons i mpl i ci t i n humani tar i an and
peacekeepi ng mi ssi ons.
b. Th e for ce th at pr oper l y empl oy s
nonl ethal opti ons gai ns advantages over
those who r el y on l ethal opti ons al one,
because the degree of provocati on requi red
to empl oy these opti ons i s substanti al l y
l ess. Thi s advantage r esul ts i n a mor e
proacti ve posture and qui cker response as
wel l as a di mi ni shed l i kel i hood of havi ng a
si tuati on escal ate to a poi nt where deadl y
force i s requi red to resol ve the confl i ct.
c. NL W opti on s ar e l es s l i k el y to
pr ovoke other s; however, the use of NLW
may, i n fact, provoke a negati ve response.
d. Demon s tr ated r es tr ai n t gr eatl y
di mi ni shes feel i ngs of anger and r emor se
wh en deadl y for ce i s r equ i r ed after
nonl ethal opti ons fai l .
e. NLW can faci l i tate pos ti n ci den t
s tabi l i zati on by r edu ci n g popu l ace
al i enati on and col l ateral damage.
7. Policy Per Office of the Secretary of
Defense Instructions on Employment
of NLW
a. By Depar tment of Defense (DOD)
pol i cy, al l devel opmental weapon systems
must be submi tted for l egal r evi ew and
must recei ve favorabl e fi ndi ngs before they
can be i ncor por ated i nto the for ce. Thi s
r ev i ew i n cl u des ex ami n ati on for
consi stency wi th appl i cabl e i nter nati onal
and domesti c l aws, i ncl udi ng the l aws of
war, var i ous ar ms contr ol tr eati es, and
pr otocol s. US for ces can be assur ed that
any NLW they are gi ven have passed thi s
cr i ti cal test. Any l egal r estr i cti ons on
empl oyment wi l l al so be i ncor por ated i nto
appl i cabl e ROE.
b. Some capabi l i ti es, al though desi gned
to mi ni mi ze fatal i ti es and seri ous i njuri es,
may h av e effects th at cou l d actu al l y
di scour age thei r use. Those based on the
contr ol l ed use of pai n, for exampl e, coul d
pr ove di stasteful to the tr oops empl oyi ng
them, par ti cul ar l y when the tar get ar ea
i n cl u des ch i l dr en , th e el der l y , th e
handi capped, or other s subject to speci al
pr otecti on wi th i n th e con tex t of ou r
cul tur al her i tage. Thi s concept of soci al
acceptabi l i ty al so extends to the domesti c
and i nternati onal publ i c. Just as the basi c
deci si on to empl oy mi l i tary force i n defense
of nati onal i nterests i s usual l y a matter of
i ntense publ i c concer n, the manner i n
wh i ch th at for ce i s ex er ci s ed i s al s o
subjected to the same scruti ny. Specul ati on
I-4
as to the empl oyment (or nonempl oyment)
of NLW creates a geometri cal l y expandi ng
matri x of opti ons. As wi th al l weapons the
US mi l i tary uses, the effects of NLW must
be gener al l y acceptabl e to our soci ety. I n
some cases, the same consi der ati ons wi l l
ex ten d to th e l ar ger i n ter n ati on al
commu n i ty . For ex ampl e, s ome NLW
effects coul d pr ove offensi ve to cer tai n
al l i es for rel i gi ous or cul tural reasons.
c. Nei th er th e pr es en ce n or th e
potenti al effect of NLW shal l consti tute an
obl i gati on for thei r empl oyment or a hi gher
standar d for empl oyment of for ce than
provi ded for by appl i cabl e l aw. I n al l cases,
the US retai ns the opti on for i mmedi ate use
of l eth al weapon s , wh en th e on -s cen e
comman der deems i t appr opr i ate,
consi stent wi th i nter nati onal l aw.
II-1
Chapter II
PURPOSE, SYSTEM DESCRIPTION, AND ORGANIZATION
1. Purpose
The purpose of NLW i s to enhance the
abi l i ti es of mi l i tary commanders to conduct
mi s s i on s acr os s th e r an ge of mi l i tar y
oper ati ons. Over the past sever al year s,
mi l i tar y oper ati on s h av e gr av i tated
towards the l ower end of thi s spectrum and
have i nvol ved US forces i n mi ssi ons, such
as peacekeepi ng and peace enfor cement,
wher e the ROE ar e i nher entl y r estr i cti ve.
NLW ar e desi gned to addr ess the speci al
r equ i r emen ts of th i s l ow-i n ten s i ty
env i r onment. They pr ov i de tool s that
enabl e the i ndi vi dual , team, or uni t to
anti ci pate and/or r espond to pr ovocati on
wi th more appropri ate means than through
the use of deadl y force. Essenti al l y, NLW
pr ov i de US for ces wi th a n ear -ter m
capabi l i ty for effecti vel y contr ol l i ng the
n on tr adi ti on al battl efi el d, wi th i n th e
constr ai nts l evi ed by ROE, by mi ti gati ng
cas u al ti es an d mi n i mi zi n g col l ater al
damage.
2. System Description
The ser vi ces ar e pr ocur i ng ver sati l e
packages of NLW compri sed of commerci al
off-the-shel f (COTS) and gover nment off-
the-shel f (GOTS) equi pment and muni ti ons.
Advanced devel opmental technol ogi es ar e
al s o bei n g ex pl or ed for fu tu r e pr o-
cu r emen ts . I n addi ti on to addr es s i n g
conti ngency r equi r ements, the ser vi ces
NLW capabi l i ty s ets addr es s tr ai n i n g
requi rements by provi di ng l i mi ted sustai n-
ment trai ni ng ammuni ti on and appropri ate
sustai nment tr ai ni ng equi pment.
Th e gen er i c NLW capabi l i ty s ets
components (Appendi x A) can be di vi ded
i nto four di sti nct categor i es: per sonnel
pr otector s; per sonnel effector s; mi ssi on
enhancers; and trai ni ng devi ces. Personnel
effectors are the NLW i n the set.
Per sonnel Pr otector s. Per sonnel pr o-
tector s i n cl u de i tems s u ch as face
shi el ds and ri ot shi el ds that pr otect
th e i n di v i du al fr om bl u n t tr au ma
i nj ur i es i nfl i cted by thr own obj ects,
cl ubs, etc.
Per s on n el Effector s . Per s on n el
effector s i ncl ude i tems such as r i ot
baton s , s ti n gbal l gr en ades , pepper
sprays, and ki neti c rounds, desi gned to,
at a mi ni mum, di scourage, or at most,
i ncapaci tate i ndi vi dual s or gr oups.
Mi ssi on Enhancers. Mi ssi on enhancers
i ncl ude i tems such as bul l horns, combat
opti cs, spotl i ghts, and cal tr ops. These
i tems ar e desi gned to faci l i tate tar get
i den ti fi cati on an d cr owd con tr ol .
Addi ti onal l y, these i tems pr ovi de a
l i mi ted abi l i ty to affect v eh i cu l ar
movement.
Tr ai ni ng Devi ces. Tr ai ni ng devi ces
i ncl ude i tems such as tr ai ni ng sui ts,
tr ai ni ng batons , and i ner t pepper
sprays. They are desi gned to faci l i tate
real i sti c hands-on scenari o trai ni ng i n
pr epar ati on for oper ati ons.
a. System Rel ati onshi ps and I nter/
I ntr aoper abi l i ty. The gener i c NLW cap-
abi l i ty s et i s des i gn ed to pr ov i de an
i n fan tr y battal i on -s i zed el emen t wi th
l i mi ted, tacti cal l y depl oy abl e NLW.
Fi el di ng of thi s capabi l i ty set enhances the
oper ati on of s y s tems an d equ i pmen t
al r eady fi el ded and pl anned wi thi n the
j oi n t commu n i ty. Th e gen er i c NLW
capabi l i ty set components ar e compati bl e
wi th mi l i tar y equi pment that i s al r eady
fi el ded or pl an n ed for fu tu r e u s e.
Capabi l i ty set muni ti ons ar e ei ther hand-
thrown or can be fi red from 12-gauge (ga)
shotguns or 40 mi l l i meter (mm) gr enade
II-2
l aunchers. Other i tems i n the generi c NLW
capabi l i ty set compri se personal protecti ve
gear and suppor t equi pment, such as gas
l aunch adapters for the 12-ga shotgun. I n
al l i n s tan ces , th e compon en ts of th e
capabi l i ty set ar e techni cal l y unsophi s-
ti cated an d s u ppor tabl e wi th cu r r en t
mi l i tar y l ogi sti c capabi l i ti es.
b. Equi pment Repl aced. No equi pment
i s repl aced by the generi c NLW capabi l i ty
set. The operati onal i ntent of the capabi l i ty
set i s to augment a battal i on-si zed uni t wi th
th e r equ i r ed NLW mu n i ti on s an d
equi pment to enhance i ts for ce pr ojecti on
capabi l i ty. The NLW capabi l i ty s et i s
addi ti onal equi pment that wi l l r equi r e
i ncorporati on i nto l i ft and l oad pl anni ng.
c. Capabi l i ty I ncrease. Wi th the excep-
ti on of l i mi ted capabi l i ty wi thi n mi l i tar y
pol i ce uni ts, the servi ces do not possess an
organi c NLW capabi l i ty. When fi el ded, the
NLW capabi l i ty set wi l l provi de US forces
wi th the appr opr i ate weapons, muni ti ons,
an d equ i pmen t to empl oy a r an ge of
nonl ethal opti ons. NLW capabi l i ty sets wi l l
augment exi sti ng l ethal capabi l i ti es. The
r ol es, mi ssi ons, and quanti ti es of exi sti ng
l ethal weapons systems are not repl aced by
nonl ethal capabi l i ti es.
3. Organization
Or gani zati onal str uctur e i s not anti ci -
pated to ch an ge as a r es u l t of NLW
capabi l i ty sets bei ng added to the i nventory.
a. System Locati on/Di str i buti on. The
gen er i c capabi l i ty s et i s i n ten ded to
pr ovi de an i nter i m NLW capabi l i ty to the
US for ces for tr ai ni ng and conti ngency
operati ons. The l ocati ons and di stri buti on
pr ocedur es for NLW capabi l i ty sets have
been pl an n ed for US Mar i n e Cor ps
(USMC), US Army (USA), and US Ai r Force
(USAF) procurements but not for US Navy
(USN) systems. The USMC wi l l di stri bute
14 NLW capabi l i ty s ets to th e gr ou n d
combat el ements (GCE) of the three Mari ne
expedi ti onar y for ces (MEFs). The USA
pl ans to fi el d company NLW capabi l i ty sets
to the acti ve di vi si ons and retai n a l i mi ted
number of sets as conti ngency stock. The
USAF i s moderni zi ng sets for securi ty force
uni ts.
b. NLW Capabi l i ty Set Composi ti on.
The USMC NLW capabi l i ty set i s compri sed
of 33 components (Appendi x A). Thi r teen
i tems can be cl assi fi ed as ammuni ti on or
i tems th at h av e s peci al s tor age
r equi r ements and wi l l be mai ntai ned at
ammuni ti on stor age faci l i ti es. Fi ve i tems
are cl assi fi ed as ei ther seri al i zed weapons,
SL-3 components to weapons, or i tems
i nherentl y dangerous to others and wi l l be
mai ntai ned i n or gani zati onal ar mor i es.
(Note: SL-3 i s a USMC term to descri be
equi pment that i s secondary to the mai n
equi pment, such as cl eani ng equi pment,
tri pods, etc. The equi val ent term used by
the US Ar my i s basi c-i ssue i tems l i st
[BI I L ]). Si xteen i tems ar e equi pment-
r el ated i tems and wi l l be mai ntai ned i n
uni t suppl y war ehouses. I n al l i nstances,
these i tems wi l l r emai n i n appr opr i ate
storage faci l i ti es unl ess i ssued for trai ni ng
or con ti n gen cy oper ati on s . Th e s ame
procedures remai n true for uni ts depl oyed
aboar d amphi bi ous r eady gr oup shi ppi ng.
Ammu n i ti on s tor age wi l l be di v i ded
between des i gn ated l an di n g for ce
operati onal reserve materi al (LFORM) and
tr ai ni ng ammuni ti on stor age compar t-
ments. Speci fi c uni t tabl e of equi pment
(T/E) to be affected wi l l be deter mi ned by
MEF commander s.
c. Personnel Requi rements. To date no
change or i ncrease i n mi l i tary occupati onal
speci al ty (MOS) codes has been determi ned
i n order to fi el d, operate, and mai ntai n the
NLW capabi l i ty set. However, MEF speci al
oper ati ons tr ai ni ng gr oups (SOTGs) wi l l
possi bl y r equi r e up to thr ee addi ti onal
i ndi vi dual s each to conduct appr opr i ate
tr ai ni ng for Mar i ne expedi ti onar y uni t
(MEU) speci al oper ati ons capabl e (SOC)
uni ts rotati ng through the uni t depl oyment
cy cl e. I f th es e addi ti on s occu r, con -
s i der ati on s h ou l d be gi v en to th e
devel opment of another secondary MOS to
accommodate i ndi vi dual s who speci al i ze i n
the NLW area. Addi ti onal l y because uni ts
other than MEUs ar e anti ci pated to tr ai n
II-3
wi th an d poten ti al l y empl oy NLW,
i ndi vi dual s wi thi n other MEF organi zati ons
may al so be i denti fi ed as tr ai ner s. Thi s
acti on may requi re an i ncrease of manpower
wi thi n other str uctur es, or i t may l ead to
the appoi nti ng of secondar y NLW MOSs.
Secondary NLW MOS i nstructor trai ner i s
recommended i n the program of i nstructi on
(POI ) for the NLW i nstructor course found
i n Appendi x C of thi s document. The USA
wi l l not cr eate any new MOSs but may
assi gn i t as an addi ti onal ski l l i denti fi er
(ASI ). The USAF wi l l not create any new
Ai r Force speci al ty codes (AFSCs) or speci al
i denti fi er s.
d. Mi ssi on Requi rements/Tacti cal Struc-
ture.
(1) The mi ssi on r equi r ements and
tacti cal structure perti nent to the empl oy-
ment of the NLW capabi l i ty set components
wi l l v ar y depen di n g u pon th e ty pe of
conti ngency and subsequent task or gan-
i zati on of the empl oyi ng uni t. Mi ssi on
r equi r ements, der i ved fr om commander s
gui dance, shoul d be sati sfi ed thr ough the
appr opr i ate combi n ati on of l eth al an d
nonl ethal capabi l i ti es.
(2) NLW pr ovi de US for ces wi th a
means of shapi ng thei r ar ea of oper ati on
beyond tr adi ti onal ver bal thr eats, shows
of for ce, or r i sky r i ot contr ol for mati ons,
an d s h or t of empl oy i n g deadl y for ce.
However, i t i s i mper ati ve that US for ces
retai n the means and are ready to empl oy
l ethal for ce i n the event that nonl ethal
force fai l s to achi eve desi red outcomes. For
exampl e, NLW empl oyment may provoke a
l eth al r es pon s e fr om th e adv er s ar y.
Wi thout the i mmi nent thr eat of l ethal
force, nonl ethal muni ti ons wi l l prove to be
l es s effecti v e an d pos s i bl y ev en
cou n ter pr odu cti v e. Mor e i mpor tan tl y,
denyi ng US forces a l ethal capabi l i ty woul d
pl ace th em at u n acceptabl e r i s k . I f
nonl ethal for ce i s empl oyed wi thout the
thr eat of l ethal for ce, then the bel l i ger ent
may opt to expl oi t a percei ved vul nerabi l i ty.
The use of NLW then becomes counter -
pr odu cti v e, becau s e i t s er v es on l y to
aggr av ate th e th r eat an d cau s es th e
si tuati on to deter i or ate.
III-1
Chapter III
CAPABILITIES OF NONLETHAL WEAPONS
1. Applicability Across the Range of
Military Operations
The r ange of mi l i tar y oper ati ons has
var i ous l evel s of combat i ntensi ty, and
NLW provi de one more opti on to deal wi th
the var yi ng i ntensi ty. MOOTW may be
fou n d acr os s th e r an ge of mi l i tar y
oper ati ons and often i ncl ude si tuati ons
where noncombatants are mi ngl ed wi th the
adversari es or i nvol ved i n acts of vi ol ence,
s u ch as r i oti n g or l ooti n g. I n s u ch
ci r cumstances, NLW pr ovi de commander s
the fl exi bi l i ty to i nfl uence the si tuati on
fav or abl y wi th r edu ced r i s k of
noncombatant fatal i ti es and col l ater al
damage. NLW al so pr ovi de a means by
whi ch to ascertai n the i ntent of i ndi vi dual s/
bel l i ger ents.
a. Th e n eed to r edu ce th e r i s k s of
ser i ous i njur y to per sonnel i s not l i mi ted
to cr owd contr ol scenar i os. I n mi l i tar y
oper ati ons on ur bani zed ter r ai n (MOUT),
some of the l ocal ci vi l i an popul ace may
r emai n i n an ur ban ar ea i n the mi dst of
battl e. The tr adi ti onal sol uti on to such
chal l enges has been the i mpl ementati on of
r estr i cti ve ROE. Nonl ethal capabi l i ti es
may provi de commanders the fl exi bi l i ty to
adapt a fl ui d appr oach to MOUT, whi ch
al l ows thei r subor di nates the fr eedom of
acti on to empl oy appr opr i ate l ev el s of
measured mi l i tary force to accompl i sh thei r
mi ssi on.
b. An oth er ex ampl e of NLW
appl i cati on s i n MOOTW i s i n peace
enforcement. I n these operati ons, NLW are
used i n an ar ea deni al r ol e to separ ate
bel l i ger ents wi thout r esor ti ng to deadl y
for ce. Th ey ar e al s o u s ed to s u ppor t
h u man i tar i an r el i ef or gan i zati on s i n
pr otecti ng food and medi cal di str i buti on
si tes.
c. Cu r r en t NLW pr ov i de a l i mi ted
capabi l i ty to address the range of mi l i tary
oper ati ons. Ul ti matel y, NLW wi l l evol ve
to en compas s oth er , mor e adv an ced
tech n ol ogi es th at wi l l i mpr ov e th ei r
operati onal effecti veness and expand thei r
appl i cati ons. For exampl e, di rected energy
and acousti c NLW that are currentl y under
devel opment may pr ovi de the means to
achi eve thi s ul ti mate capabi l i ty.
2. Core Capabilities
Core capabi l i ti es are those fundamental
competenci es that enabl e us to achi eve
desi red operati onal outcomes. I n the case
of NLW, thi s equates to provi di ng a fl exi bl e
mean s of r es pon s e i n or der to pr otect
fri endl y forces and/or i nfl uence the acti ons
of poten ti al adv er s ar i es an d n on -
combatants. These goal s can be achi eved
wi thout r esor ti ng to l ethal for ce and i n a
man n er th at wi l l mi n i mi ze col l ater al
damage. The cor e capabi l i ti es associ ated
wi th nonl ethal effects fal l i nto two major
categor i es : cou n ter per s on n el an d
counter mater i el .
a. Counter per sonnel Capabi l i ti es.
(1) Non l eth al cou n ter per s on n el
capabi l i ti es en abl e th e appl i cati on of
mi l i tary force wi th reduced ri sk of fatal i ti es
or seri ous casual ti es among noncombatants
or even, i n some i nstances, among enemy
forces. There are several speci fi c nonl ethal
cou n ter per s on n el capabi l i ti es to be
expl or ed. These i ncl ude the means to
i nfl uence the behavi or and acti vi ti es of a
potenti al l y hosti l e cr owd, as wel l as the
III-2
capabi l i ty to bri ng a mob engaged i n a ri ot
u n der con tr ol . Wh i l e th er e ar e man y
si mi l ar i ti es i n these two scenar i os, each
i nvol ves uni que chal l enges, whi ch may
r equi r e r adi cal l y di ffer ent sol uti ons.
(2) US forces requi re the capabi l i ty
to i n capaci tate per s on n el . For th e
purposes of thi s document, i ncapaci tati on
i s achi eved when weapons effects resul t i n
physi cal i nabi l i ty (r eal or per cei ved) or
mental di si ncl i nati on to act i n a hosti l e or
threateni ng manner. I n keepi ng wi th the
gu i di n g pr i n ci pl es for NL W, th i s
i ncapaci tati on shoul d be readi l y reversi bl e,
pr efer abl y , s el f-r ev er s i n g th r ou gh th e
passage of ti me. Whi l e the focus, at l east
i ni ti al l y, wi l l be on capabi l i ti es that affect
groups of peopl e, NLW wi l l al so pr ovi de
capabi l i ti es to i ncapaci tate i ndi vi dual s
wi thout affecti ng those nearby.
(3) US for ces r equi r e a nonl ethal
capabi l i ty to deny per sonnel access to an
area. Thi s capabi l i ty can i ncl ude the use of
physi cal bar r i er s or systems that pr oduce
physi cal or mental di scomfort to those who
en ter th e den i ed ar ea. Non ex pl os i v e
nonl ethal ar ea deni al technol ogi es woul d
l i k el y be ex empt fr om the r es tr i cti ons
appl i ed to conventi onal l and mi nes. Thus,
th ey can pr ov i de n ew pos s i bi l i ti es for
bar r i er pl anni ng i n any type of mi l i tar y
oper ati on.
capabi l i ty to sei ze per sonnel . Thi s may
i ncl ude some combi nati on of technol ogi es
i n h er en t i n oth er cor e capabi l i ti es .
I n capaci tati on meth ods or th e u s e of
entangl i ng devi ces, such as those desi gned
for ar ea den i al , may ai d i n s ei zi n g
per sonnel . Thi s capabi l i ty i s i ntended to
augment l ethal means used to captur e
s peci fi ed i n di v i du al s , s u ch as en emy
combatants or per sons who ar e i nci ti ng a
mob or crowd to vi ol ence.
capabi l i ty to cl ear faci l i ti es and structures
of per s on n el . Th i s appl i cati on wi l l
faci l i tate MOUT by r educi ng the r i sks of
noncombatant casual ti es and col l ater al
damage whi l e si mul taneousl y mi ni mi zi ng
th e adv an tages to an en emy wh o i s
defendi ng i n a bui l t-up area.
b. Counter mater i el Capabi l i ti es.
(1) Non l eth al cou n ter mater i el
capabi l i ti es woul d enhance oper ati ons by
r en der i n g equ i pmen t an d faci l i ti es
unusabl e wi thout compl ete destructi on. A
nonl ethal counter mater i el capabi l i ty wi l l
enabl e the empl oyment of mi l i tary force to
defuse potenti al l y vol ati l e si tuati ons under
ci r cumstances i n wher e mor e destr ucti ve
conventi onal mi l i tar y means mi ght pr ove
cou n ter pr odu cti v e. For ex ampl e, pr e-
empti v e s tr i k es agai n s t tr ou bl es ome,
aggr es s i v e n ati on s may be pol i ti cal l y
u n acceptabl e wh en on l y con v en ti on al
weapons, wi th thei r attendant hi gh ri sk of
per sonnel casual ti es, ar e i nvol ved. Wi th
nonl ethal counter mater i el capabi l i ti es,
however, an enemys abi l i ty to threaten i ts
nei ghbor s coul d be cur tai l ed wi th far l ess
pol i ti cal ri sk by attacki ng onl y weapons of
war and thei r suppor ti ng i nfr astr uctur e.
(2) The j oi nt NLW appr oach wi l l
focus on thr ee speci fi c counter mater i el
capabi l i ti es. US Forces requi re a nonl ethal
capabi l i ty to deny vehi cl es to ai r, l and, and
sea ar eas. Thi s r equi r ement appl i es to
wh eel ed, tr ack ed, an d s u r face effects
vehi cl es, as wel l as ai rcraft on the ground.
Physi cal barri ers or systems that arti fi ci al l y
r educe the tr affi cabi l i ty of ter r ai n may be
i ncl uded i n thi s r equi r ement.
(3) US for ces r equi r e the abi l i ty to
di sabl e shi ps and other mar i ti me vessel s
or deny thei r entry i nto targeted areas. US
for ces al so r equi r e an enhanced abi l i ty to
di s ar m per s on n el or di s abl e mar i ti me
vessel s to faci l i tate boar di ng.
capabi l i ty to di s abl e or n eu tr al i ze
equi pment and faci l i ti es. Thi s capabi l i ty
encompasses a wi de range of subcategori es
III-3
l i mi ted onl y by the vari ety of the types of
equi pment to be targeted. Some exampl es
ar e s y s tems th at al ter combu s ti on
pr oper ti es of fu el s or th e v i s cos i ty of
l ubr i cants and systems that cause the
embr i ttl ement or decay of mater i el s. I n
addi ti on, substances that attack r ubber
ti res, gaskets, or hoses and those that act
as adhesi ves or fusi ng metal parts are al so
r equi r ed.
3. Limitations
The l i mi tati ons of NLW are conceptual ,
physi cal , and tacti cal . The conceptual
l i mi tati on i s that pol i ti cal l eader shi p and
medi a per sonnel may mi sunder stand the
appropri ate appl i cati ons of NLW across the
range of mi l i tary operati ons. The i ncorrect
per cepti on that NLW wi l l al l ow war s and
MOOTW to be pr os ecu ted wi th ou t
cas u al ti es may l ead to con fl i cti n g
expectati ons between pol i ti cal and mi l i tary
l eaders. These confl i cts coul d resul t i n US
for ces bei ng vul ner abl e to mi spl aced or
i nconsi stent ROE. Al l l eaders, pol i ti cal and
mi l i tary, i nvol ved i n pl anni ng and executi ng
mi l i tar y mi ssi ons must under stand that
th er e i s n o s u ch th i n g as n on l eth al
oper ati ons.
The phy s i cal l i mi tati ons of cur r ent
NLW ar e thei r shor t r ange, br i ef effects,
and the rel ati ve ease by whi ch experi enced
combatants or bel l i ger ents can counter
thei r effects. The current NLW capabi l i ty
set can al so be l ethal i f i mproperl y appl i ed.
Tacti cal l i mi tati ons i ncl ude the l oss of
momentum or tempo that may occur duri ng
the tr ansi ti on fr om nonl ethal to l ethal
for ce. These types of l i mi tati ons must be
ov er come by con ti n u al tr ai n i n g an d
oper ati onal exper i ence, whi ch wi l l al so
i nsti l l confi dence i n usi ng NLW systems.
IV-1
Chapter IV
TRAINING WITH THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY SET
1. Fundamental Concepts and Training
Requirements
The successful accompl i shment of any
operati on i n whi ch nonl ethal measures are
empl oyed r equi r es extensi ve pr epar ati on,
of whi ch i ndi vi dual , uni t, medi cal suppor t
per sonnel , and team tr ai ni ng ar e vi tal
parts. Trai ni ng shoul d be desi gned to gi ve
i ndi vi dual s an understandi ng of the enti re
subject ar ea and enabl e them to functi on
effi ci entl y, i ndi vi dual l y, and as members of
a uni t. Thi s trai ni ng must be i ntensi ve and
real i sti c. Trai ni ng wi th the NLW capabi l i ty
set i s cr i ti cal i f these weapons ar e to be
empl oyed wi th confi dence. The tr ai ni ng
fl ow shoul d betr ai n i nstr uctor str ai n
stafftr ai n uni texer ci se.
I n i ti al u n i t tr ai n i n g s h ou l d n ot be
conducted wi thout qual i fi ed i nstr uctor s.
Al l nontype cl assi fi ed and COTS nonl ethal
muni ti ons cannot be fi r ed wi thout Ar my
Mater i el Command (AMC), Cr ane Naval
Weapons, or Ai r For ce Muni ti ons Center
appr ov i n g th e tr ai n i n g cou r s e. Un i t
sustai nment tr ai ni ng shoul d be conducted
at a mi ni mum annual l y.
2. Training of Instructors
Ver bal communi cati on sk i l l s, open-
h an d con tr ol tech n i qu es , r i ot con tr ol
agents, effects of i mpact weapons, and ci vi l
di s tu r ban ce tacti cs , tech n i qu es , an d
pr ocedur es (TTP) ar e ar eas tr ai ned to
standard at the Mi l i tary Pol i ce School , Fort
McCl el l an, Al abama. The Mar i ne Cor ps
and the Ar my dev el oped a Pr ogr am of
I nstructi on (POI ) for a Nonl ethal I ndi vi dual
Weapons I nstructor Course (NI WI C). Thi s
i s the onl y formal DOD nonl ethal trai ni ng
course. The trai ni ng requi rements outl i ned
i n the NI WI C r epr es ent the mi ni mum
tr ai ni ng standar ds to be consi der ed for
i n cl u s i on i n th e dev el opmen t of NLW
i nstr uctor s. Addi ti onal l y, the US Ar my
Mi l i tar y Pol i ce Sch ool i s dev el opi n g a
trai ni ng support package that i ncl udes TTP
for smal l uni ts, company l evel and bel ow,
i n the use of NLW i n ri ot/mob control .
a. The NI WI C i s offer ed as a 14-day
resi dent course at Fort McCl el l an and as a
nonr esi dent cour se i nstr ucted by a mobi l e
trai ni ng team (MTT). The NI WI C i s a trai n
the tr ai ner pr ogr am desi gned to pr ovi de
commander s nonl ethal i nstr uctor s wi thi n
thei r command. The commander can then
tai l or th e n on l eth al i n s tr u cti on to fi t
mi ssi on needs. The establ i shment of the
servi ce-l evel NI WI C serves as an assurance
meas u r e gi v i n g th e comman der a
quanti fi abl e method of certi fyi ng nonl ethal
i nstr uctor s. Upon compl eti ng the cour se,
gr aduates ar e qual i fi ed i nstr uctor s wi th
cer ti fi cati ons i n communi cati on s k i l l s ,
ol eor esi n capsi cum (OC) spr ay, i mpact
weapons, and i nter nati onal l y r ecogni zed
open-hand contr ol techni ques. The US
Ar my wi l l awar d an addi ti on al s k i l l
i denti fi er upon successful compl eti on of
thi s cour se.
b. NI WI C Program of I nstructi on.
Appen di x C i s an ex tr act fr om a
compr eh en s i v e POI dev el oped fr om
l es s on s l ear n ed du r i n g r ecen t depl oy -
ments. Each annex wi thi n Appendi x C has
a l esson pl an compl ete wi th handouts and
trai ni ng ai ds. The i ntent of thi s POI i s to
pr oduce competent i nstr uctor s, who wi l l
r etur n to thei r uni t wi th al l the tr ai ni ng
materi al s and trai ni ng ai ds needed to meet
di ffer ent NLW tr ai ni ng r equi r ements.
IV-2
3. Nonlethal Training Topics for
Deploying Units
Th e fol l owi n g 11 topi cs h av e been
i denti fi ed as essenti al tr ai ni ng for uni ts
depl oyi ng wi th nonl ethal capabi l i ti es and
are part of the NI WI C curri cul um:
a. Force Conti nuum. The subcourse i s
an i n tr odu cti on to th e feder al for ce
conti nuum model as outl i ned by Mar i ne
Corps Order (MCO) 5500.6F, Arming of Law
Enforcement and Security Personnel and the
Use of Deadl y Force (or other ser v i ce
or der s). Level s of r esi stance, i denti fyi ng
th e pr oper l ev el s of for ce, an d h ow
n on l eth al tech n ol ogi es affect for ce
conti nuum ar e the mi ni mum topi cs that
shoul d be cover ed.
b. Cr owd Dynami cs/Cr owd Contr ol .
Th e s u bcou r s e, an i n tr odu cti on to th e
di ffer ences between cr owds, mobs, and
r i ots , teaches the s tudent bas i c cr owd
con tr ol tech n i qu es th at wi l l be eas i l y
appl i ed to vari ous si tuati ons. The student
shoul d be fami l i ar i zed wi th tacti cs and
techni ques (as found i n Fi el d Manual [FM]
19-15, Fl eet Mar i n e For ce Man u al
[ FMFM] 1-3, FMFM 6, an d Tr ai n i n g
Ci r cul ar [TC] 90-1) but wi l l al so consi der
nontradi ti onal and smal l uni t appl i cati on.
c. Communi cati on Sk i l l s . The s ub-
cour se i s an i ntr oducti on to the stages of
confl i ct management, ver bal aggr essi on,
n on v er bal commu n i cati on , ph y s i cal
aggr essi on, physi ol ogi cal di ver si ons, and
proper mental condi ti oni ng. The fi rst NLW
ski l l an i ndi vi dual must have i s the abi l i ty
to communi cate. General A. M. Gray, former
Commandant of the Mari ne Corps, sai d, A
warri ors most formi dabl e weapon i s hi s
mind. The resul ts of an i ndi vi dual s mental
processes are evi dent through acti ons and
wor ds, and the wor ds and communi cati on
ski l l s i n deal i ng wi th peopl e are trul y the
fi rst l i ne of nonl ethal opti ons.
d. Ol eor esi n Capsi cum Aer osol Tr ai n-
i ng. The subcourse i s an i ntroducti on to the
uses of OC/pepper spr ay and other r i ot
contr ol agents. The student shoul d have
an appr eci ati on for decon tami n ati on
requi rements, storage, and shel f l i fe of OC.
Legal and tacti cal consi der ati ons wi l l al so
be tau gh t. Al l OC tr ai n i n g s h ou l d be
certi fi ed by exi sti ng trai ni ng programs that
i ncl ude l i ve agent trai ni ng.
e. Open-Hand Control . The subcourse
i s an i n tr odu cti on to pr es s u r e-poi n t
contr ol techni ques, unar med sel f-defense
measur es, weapon r etenti on techni ques,
an d oth er s u bmi s s i on /r es tr ai n t/s ear ch
techni ques. Handcuffi ng/fl excuffi ng shoul d
be covered for contact team members.
f. I mpact Weapons. I n thi s subcourse,
students ar e taught how to use the r i gi d
strai ght baton, col l apsi bl e strai ght batons,
si de handl e batons, or ri ot control batons.
g. I ntr oducti on to Mi l i tar y Wor k i ng
Dogs. The subcourse i s an i ntroducti on to
the r ol e of mi l i tar y wor ki ng dogs and the
poten ti al s u ppor t av ai l abl e to for ces
r equ i r i n g n on l eth al for ce opti on s (FM
19-10, AFM 31-202).
h. ROE, Law of War, Consti tuti onal
Sei zure. The subcourse i s an i ntroducti on
to the ROE, l aw of war, consti tuti onal
sei zur e, and thei r r el ati onshi ps (DODD
5100.77, FM 27-10, NWP 1-14M/MCWP
5-2.1/COMDTPUB P5800.7, an d DA
Pamphl et 27-1).
i . Nonl ethal Muni ti ons and Empl oy-
ment. The subcourse i s an i ntroducti on to
th e capabi l i ti es an d empl oy men t of
avai l abl e nonl ethal weapons. When fi ri ng
nonl ethal muni ti ons, tr ansi ti on to l ethal
muni ti ons for fami l i ar i zati on wi l l fol l ow.
Students par ti ci pate i n l i ve-fi r e exer ci ses
as outl i ned i n Tabl es I V-1 through I V-7.
j. Barri ers/Physi cal Securi ty Measures.
The subcourse i s an i ntroducti on to barri ers
and physi cal securi ty measures avai l abl e to
tacti cal for ces. These measur es compl e-
ment the use of nonl ethal force or mi ti gate
th e n eed for deadl y for ce. An u n der -
standi ng of proper empl acement of cal trop
and foam are recommended.
IV-3
Table IV-2. 40mm Wood Baton Round
FAMILIARIZATION TABLE
ROUNDS # TARGET GO/NO GO
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette
10m
5 5.56mm
Transition @ 10m
Table IV-3. 40mm Stinger Round (60 Caliber)
Table IV-4. 12-ga Bean Bag Round
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette
10m
5
5.56mm
Transition @ 10m
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette
10m
5
12-ga 00 Buck/7 Shot
Transition @ 10m
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette
10m
5 5.56mm
Transition @ 10m
Table IV-1. 40mm Foam Baton Round
IV-4
Table IV-6. 12-ga Rubber Pellet Round
Table IV-7. Stinger Grenade
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette
10m
5
12-ga 7 shot/00 Buck
Transition @ 10m
k. Tacti cs. The subcourse i s an i ntro-
ducti on to tacti cs as outl i ned i n Chapter V,
par agr aph 5. MOUT and tacti cs tr ai ni ng
r equi r es cl os e l eader i nv ol v ement. US
Ar my Tr ai ni ng and Doctr i ne Command i s
devel opi ng trai ni ng support packages that
wi l l i ncl ude company l evel and bel ow TTP.
See Appendi x D for sampl e 9-day uni t-
trai ni ng schedul e coveri ng these 11 topi cs.
5. Unit Training
a. The NI WI C i s pri mari l y desi gned to
pr odu ce i n s tr u ctor s wh o wi l l tr ai n
i ndi vi dual s i n the use and empl oyment of
NLW. Col l ecti ve uni t tacti cal trai ni ng i s the
uni ts responsi bi l i ty; however, a 9-day NLW
exampl e schedul e based on NI WI C trai ni ng
i s pr ovi ded i n Appendi x D. Uni ts shoul d
con du ct col l ecti v e tr ai n i n g befor e
depl oy i n g wi th NLW. Un i t s tan di n g
oper ati ng pr ocedur es (SOPs) and tacti cs
may n eed adj u s ti n g to al l ow for th e
empl oyment of thi s new equi pment. Al l uni t
col l ecti ve trai ni ng shoul d i ncl ude nonl ethal
opti ons and deci si on maki ng.
b. Si mul ati on Tr ai ni ng. The goal of
si mul ati on tr ai ni ng shoul d be to r ei nfor ce
current trai ni ng courses. The Mari ne Corps
Commandants War fi ghti ng Labor ator y at
2
Hand Thrown
E-Silhouette 20/40m
1
Shotgun Launched
E-Silhouette
40m
5
12-ga 7 Shot/00 Buck
Transition @ 40m
Table IV-5. 12-ga Wood Baton Round
2 E-Silhouette
20m
2 E-Silhouette
15m
1 E-Silhouette
10m
5
12-ga 7 shot/00 Buck
Transition @ 10m
IV-5
Quanti co, Vi rgi ni a, has a computer trai ni ng
si mul ati on system desi gned to trai n smal l
uni t l eaders i n the appl i cati on of nonl ethal
capabi l i ti es. Gi ven a si tuati on, mi ssi on
statement, and ROE, the student wi l l equi p
and pl ace fi re teams to conduct checkpoi nt
operati ons and react to sti mul us/events i n
a three-di mensi onal (3-D) representati on of
a MOUT si te. Currentl y, there i s a si mi l ar
si mul ati on system at the Human Systems
Center at Br ooks Ai r For ce Base, Texas,
that can be used for tacti cs devel opment of
di rected energy NLW. Al so, the Ai r Forces
For ce Pr otecti on Battl e Labor ator y at
L ack l an d Ai r For ce Bas e, Tex as , i s
establ i shi ng a si mi l ar computer si mul ati on
faci l i ty. Fi nal l y, the DOD i s conducti ng an
ongoi ng effor t to devel op other computer
si mul ati on systems.
6. Leader Training
Commander s, uni t l eader s, and staff
members al so requi re NLW trai ni ng before
depl oyi ng. FM 19-15 covers al l aspects of
ci v i l di s tu r ban ce an d i s r el ev an t i n
provi di ng gui dance for the commander and
staff.
a. An u n der s tan di n g of th e topi cs
cover ed i n the NI WI C i s r ecommended.
However they shoul d al so possess an i n-
depth understandi ng of the ROE that must
be i mpl emented and enforced as wel l as the
pol i ti cs, cul tur e, and demogr aphi cs of the
area to whi ch they are depl oyi ng. Because
of the i nter nati onal attenti on that NLW
r ecei v e, j u n i or tr oops as wel l as
commander s shoul d al so r ecei ve medi a
trai ni ng. From the begi nni ng, commanders
shoul d i nvol ve thei r publ i c affai r s offi cer s
i n NLW mi ssi on pl anni ng. Suppl y and
l ogi sti c staff members al so requi re trai ni ng
i n NLW mai ntenance and envi r onmental
i s s u es u n i qu e to th e equ i pmen t bei n g
depl oyed.
b. Ch apter V ou tl i n es s ev en tas k s
wh er e NLW ar e wel l s u i ted. Du r i n g
exerci ses both uni ts and staffs shoul d focus
on si x of the seven tasks: cr owd contr ol ,
i ncapaci tati ng per sonnel , ar ea deni al to
both per s on n el an d v eh i cl es , s ei ze
personnel , and cl ear faci l i ti es of personnel .
Di sabl e/neutral i ze vehi cl es/ai rcraft are not
easi l y trai ned tasks duri ng exerci ses. Thi s
l i s t i s n ot al l -i n cl u s i v e an d s h ou l d be
modi fi ed based on mi ssi on, enemy, terrai n
and weather, troops and support avai l abl e,
ti me avai l abl e (METT-T).
c. Wh en ev er NLW ar e empl oy ed
dur i ng tr ai ni ng, l ethal capabi l i ty must
al ways be i n pl ace. Troops must al ways be
prepared to protect themsel ves as requi red
wi th a l eth al r es pon s e becau s e i t i s
i mpos s i bl e to accu r atel y pr edi ct th e
response of an i ndi vi dual or mob.
d. Leader s, medi cal per sonnel , publ i c
affai rs representati ves, and personnel from
the Staff Judge Advocate (SJA) offi ce shoul d
be i nvol ved i n exerci ses when possi bl e. Thi s
wi l l gi ve the medi cal per sonnel a better
understandi ng of OC decontami nati on and
the possi bl e i njuri es they may encounter as
a r esul t of NLW empl oyment. The publ i c
affai r s and SJA speci al i sts al so need to
u n der s tan d h ow th es e n ew tool s ar e
empl oyed i n or der to better advi se the
commander on medi a matters and ROE.
7. Summary
I n summary, here are some real -worl d
l essons captured from recent confl i cts that
shoul d never be over l ook ed or assumed
dur i ng tr ai ni ng:
a. Never appl y a NLW i n a si tuati on
wher e deadl y for ce i s appr opr i ate.
b. Never appl y NLW i n a si tuati on that
wi l l pl ace troops i n undue danger.
c. Always cover a NLW weapon wi th
deadl y for ce.
V-1
Chapter V
EMPLOYMENT OF THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY
1. Background
Fundamental to empl oyi ng NLW i s a
th or ou gh u n der s tan di n g of th e for ce
conti nuum. As stated befor e, nonl ethal
capabi l i ti es pr ov i de a wi der r an ge of
opti ons that augment tradi ti onal means of
deadl y for ce bu t do n ot r epl ace th em.
Nonl ethal al ternati ves al l ow a commander
to i ncr ease and decr ease the amount of
force appl i ed to accompl i sh a mi ssi on. The
force conti nuum i s general l y conti nuous and
seaml ess, yet a careful exami nati on reveal s
fi ve br oad categor i es l i sted bel ow:
a. Threats. Th e for ce con ti n u u m
begi ns wi th thr eats. These can be ei ther
i mpl i ed or expr essed. An i mpl i ed thr eat
may be mani fested thr ough pr esence by
formi ng i nto ri ot control formati ons, fi xi ng
bay on ets , or don n i n g gas mas k s . An
expressed threat occurs when a commander
makes known the consequences of defi ance.
b. Denial Options. Deni al opti ons ar e
usual l y pl aced i n hi ghl y vi si bl e ar eas and
are often marked wi th pl acards. Exampl es
may i ncl ude concer ti na, cal tr ops, bar bed
wi r e, foams enhanced wi th OC (pepper
spray), or other obstacl es.
c. Muni ti ons that Cause Physi cal
Di scomfort/ I ncapaci tate. Muni ti ons that
cause physi cal di scomfor t but fal l shor t of
i nfl i cti ng tr auma i ncl ude fl ashbangs,

tear
gas, and OC. Al though the di scomfor t or
i n j u r y may be s u bs tan ti al l y l es s th an
concerti na,

the empl oyment of these opti ons
r equi r e a deci si on to i nter vene. Factor s
such as tr ai ni ng, di sci pl i ne, pr ej udi ces,
emoti ons and judgment al l pl ay a par t i n
thei r appl i cati on and r equi r e thei r use to
be vi ewed cl osel y and judi ci ousl y.
d. Muni ti ons that I nfl i ct Trauma.
Muni ti ons that i nfl i ct tr auma wi l l i nfl i ct
pai nful i njuri es that may l ast from several
hour s to sever al days. These muni ti ons
con s ti tu te th e u pper en d of n on l eth al
opti on s wi th i n th e for ce con ti n u u m.
Exampl es mi ght i ncl ude batons, sti ngbal l s,
beanbag, foam and pel l et rounds.
e. Lethal Weapons. Lethal weapons
are the hi ghest on the spectrum. Al though
the parti cul ar condi ti ons that meri t deadl y
for ce s houl d be des cr i bed i n the ROE,
l ethal opti ons shoul d al ways be r egar ded
as part of the force spectrum and not as
a separ ate opti on al together . Thi s avoi ds
ambi gui ty and confusi on as to when l ethal
weapons ar e author i zed.
Nonl ethal methods and capabi l i ti es
may i ncl ude the use of common mater i al s
an d ex i s ti n g s y s tems th at wer e n ot
desi gned as NLW, but they can achi eve the
desi r ed r esul t of mi ni mi zi ng fatal i ti es,
per man en t i n j u r y to per s on n el , an d
undesi r ed damage to pr oper ty and the
envi r onment. However, thi s chapter wi l l
l i mi t i tsel f pri mari l y to the use of weapons
and components expl i ci tl y desi gned and
pr i mar i l y empl oy ed u n der th e NL W
capabi l i ty. Thi s focus i s not i ntended to
l i mi t th e comman der s opti on to u s e
whatever i s avai l abl e to accompl i sh the
mi ssi on wi thout l ethal i ty.
2. Mission Planning Factors
The fundamental pri nci pl es of mi ssi on
pl an n i n g ar e n ot ch an ged by th e
i ncor por ati on of NLWs i nto a pl an. NLW
ar e i n ten ded as an oper ati on al
en h an cemen t. Th e fi r s t con cer n of a
commander i s the successful compl eti on of
V-2
th e mi s s i on . ROE ar e cr i ti cal i n th e
commander s pl anni ng to deter mi ne the
appr opr i ate use of nonl ethal and deadl y
for ce. The avai l abi l i ty of NLW does not
r el i eve the for ce fr om i ts obl i gati on to
defend i tsel f; therefore, i t must be equi pped
and trai ned wi th both l ethal and nonl ethal
means.
3. NLW Tasks
The NLW tasks were deri ved from the
commander i n chi ef's and servi ce's mi ssi on
needs statements. These tasks are
Contr ol cr owds.
I ncapaci tate per sonnel .
Table V-1. Crowd Control
Deny an area to personnel .
Deny an area to vehi cl es.
Di sabl e/neutr al i ze vehi cl es ai r cr aft,
vessel s, and faci l i ti es.
Sei ze per sonnel .
Cl ear faci l i ti es of personnel .
These tasks are further addressed i n Tabl es
V-1 th r ou gh V-7. Th e tabl es ar e n ot
i ntended to be al l -i ncl usi ve but mer el y a
sti mul us to pl anni ng. The equi pment
l i sted i s taken from the currentl y avai l abl e
systems desi gned for nonl ethal pur poses.
The user shoul d not l i mi t nonl ethal opti ons
to thi s speci fi c equi pment and shoul d be
aware of the exi sti ng and emergi ng systems
to achi eve the desi red mi ssi on end state.
TASKS
NLW PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT
CONSIDERATIONS NOTES
Crowd
control
Admi n/Personnel
SJA/cl ai ms
pl anni ng
Chapl ai n affai rs
Casual ty
noti fi cati on
Detai nee
di sposi ti on pl an
PAO/medi a
pl anni ng
I nformati on
di ssemi nati on
Support Equi pment
a. Ri ot face shi el d
b. Ful l l ength ri ot
shi el d
c. Expandabl e r i ot
baton
d. Ri fl emans
combat opti c
e. Portabl e bul l
horn
Di stri buted to troops
i n advance
Ri ot baton shoul d be
empl oyed onl y after
proper trai ni ng
Opti c empl oyed wi th
DM to I D mob l eaders
Bul l horn used for
communi cati ng wi th
crowd and to control
formati ons

ROE needs
to be
stri ctl y
defi ned
NLW
opti ons
requi re
l ethal cover
fi re
Crowd
control
I ntel l i gence
I PB
Background on
country and
cul ture
Route/map recon
Sensor
empl acement for
advance
noti fi cati on
I nformati on on
mob l eaders
Patrol s and
LP/OPs
Determi ne reason
for the crowd
Ki neti cs
a. 12 ga bean bag
round
b. 12 ga rubber
bul l et
c. 12 ga l aunchi ng
cartri dge
d. 40mm rubber
baton
e. 40mm wooden
baton
f. 40mm sti nger
grenade
g. Stun grenade
h. Fl ash bang
Do not empl oy ki neti cs
at l ess than 20 ft due
to possi bl e fatal
outcome
Target area at 20-40 ft
shoul d be center mass
Head shots ar e not
acceptabl e
Ki neti c rounds wi l l not
be ski pped fi r ed
Ki neti cs effecti ve
agai nst sel ected
targets and to di sperse
i ndi vi dual s
M203 and shotgun are
NL compl ementary;
M203 has l ow rate of
fi re, area target;
shotgun has hi gh r ate
fi re, poi nt tar get
V-3
Table V-1. Crowd Control (continued)
TASKS
NLW PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT
Crowd
control
Operati ons
Tacti cal
i ntegrati on of
NLW and l ethal
fi res
FSE pl ans to
i ncl ude RCA
Al l ocati on of NLW
muni ti ons
I ntegrati on of
NLW fi res and
maneuver
Engi neer barri er
pl anni ng
Understand
mi ssi on (deny
access/di sperse/
moni tor)
Ri ot Control Agents
a. OC di spenser
b. Team OC
di spenser
c. Hi gh vol ume
di spenser
Di srupt/di sperse
crowds
Di sperse RCAs to face
and eyes for ful l effect
Empl oy snatch teams
to apprehend
agi tators
Crowd
control
Logi sti cs
Di stri buti on of
NLW suppl i es
Securi ty of rear
area faci l i ti es
Resuppl y of NLW
muni ti ons
Ri ot Control
a. Xenon
searchl i ght
b. Fl ex cuffs
c. RCA mar kers
Searchl i ghts
dazzl e/di sori ent
i ndi vi dual s (ni ght
onl y)
Fl ex cuffs used for
agi tators
RCA mar kers are
used to mark
agi tators for future I D
Crowd
control
Procurement of
medi cal suppl i es
Hospi tal pl anni ng
Medi c pl anni ng
for tacti cal uni ts
V-4
Table V-2. Incapacitate Personnel
TASK
NLW PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT
Incapacitate
personnel
Admi n Per sonnel
SJA/cl ai ms
pl anni ng
Medi a pl an
Suppor t Equi pment
b. Ful l l ength r i ot shi el d
c. Expandabl e r i ot baton
d. Ri fl emans combat
opti c
Di str i buted to tr oops i n
advance
Ri ot baton shoul d not
be empl oyed to the
head
DM to I D mob l eader s
and cover wi th l ethal
fi r e
Commander needs
to defi ne i n
capaci tati on
mi ssi on
Publ i c di ssemi na-
ti on of NLW must
take a bal anced
appr oach so
counter measur es
cannot be r api dl y
devel oped
NLW opti ons must
be covered by
l ethal for ce
Incapacitate
personnel
I ntel l i gence
I D types of
i nsur gents and
demonstr ator s
I D causes and
facti ons
I D mob
r i ngl eader s
Ki neti cs
a. 12 ga bean bag r ound
b. 12 ga r ubber bul l et
car tr i dge
d. 40mm r ubber baton
e. 40mm wooden baton
f. 40mm sti nger gr enade
g. Stun grenade
h. Fl ash bang
i . M203 and shotguns
ar e NL
compl ementar y; M203
has a l ow r ate of fi r e,
ar ea tar get; shotgun
has a hi gh r ate of fi r e,
poi nt tar get
at l ess than 20 ft due to
possi bl e fatal outcome
Tar get area at 20-40 ft
shoul d be center mass
Head shots are not
acceptabl e
be ski pped fi red
agai nst sel ected tar gets
and to di sper se
i ndi vi dual s
M203 and shotguns ar e
NL compl ementar y;
M203 has a l ow r ate of
fi r e, area tar get;
shotgun has a hi gh r ate
of fi re, poi nt tar get
Incapacitate
personnel
Oper ati ons
Pr epare and
confi r m ROE
for NLW
I ntegr ati on of
NLW and
deadl y force
Al l ocati on of
NLW and
desi gnated uni t
use
I ntegr ati on of
NLW fi r es and
maneuver
a. OC di spenser
b. Team OC di spenser
c. Hi gh vol ume OC
di spenser
Di sr upt/di sper se
crowds
Di sper se RCA to face
and eyes for ful l effect
Incapacitate
personnel
Logi sti cs
Di str i buti on of
NLW
muni ti ons
I D speci al
stor age
r equi r ements
Resuppl y of
NLW
muni ti ons
Ri ot Control
a. Xenon searchl i ght
b. Fl ex cuffs
c. Chem mar ker s
Searchl i ghts dazzl e/
di sor i ent i ndi vi dual s
(ni ght onl y)
agi tator s
RCA mar ker s ar e used
to mar k agi tator s for
i ncapaci tati on
Incapacitate
personnel
Ci vi l Affai r s
Col l ecti on of
ci vi l i an i ntel
Car e of i njured
personnel
Detenti on of
ci vi l i an
personnel
V-5
Table V-3. Deny Area to Personnel
TASK
NLW PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT
Deny area to
personnel
Admi n Per sonnel
SJA/cl ai ms
pl anni ng
Medi a pl an
Suppor t Equi pment
a. Ar ea l i ghts
b. Ar ea sensor s
c. Ni ght vi si on
d. Access control
e. War ni ng si gns
wr i tten i n host
nati on l anguage
Ensur e area i s wel l
l i ghted to i ncl ude
per i meter
Ni ght vi si on devi ces
ar e gener al l y
empl oyed outsi de the
per i meter
Posi ti vel y I D accessed
personnel
Empl oy war ni ng si gns
i n nati ve l anguage

Uti l i ze
appr opr i ate
medi a to war n
ci vi l i ans away
from deni ed
ar ea
Deny area to
personnel
I ntel l i gence
Ter r ai n and map
study
Thr eat I D
Sensor
empl acement
ar ound area
I PB

Ki neti cs
Deny area to
personnel
Oper ati ons
Pr epare and
confi r m ROE
I ntegr ati on of
NLW and deadl y
for ce
and desi gnated
uni t use
Deter mi ne scope of
mi ssi on.
Deter mi ne access
pr ocedures
Dur ati on
Use of ar ea
(fr i endl y or total
deni al )
Deny area to
personnel
Logi sti cs
Di stri buti on of
NLW muni ti ons
I D speci al storage
r equi r ements
Resuppl y of NLW
muni ti ons
Secur i ty of rear
ar ea faci l i ti es.
Ri ot Control
Deny area to
personnel
Ci vi l Affai r s
Col l ecti on of
ci vi l i an i ntel
Entangl ements
a. Cal tr ops
b. Tangl efoot
c. Barbed wi re
d. Foams
e. Concerti na/r azor
tape
Di sr upt/sl ow i ntr usi on
attempts
Mai ntai n sui tabl e
r eacti on for ce
Channel passi ve
tr affi c away
Use foam to cover
cal tr ops
V-6
Table V-4. Deny Area to Vehicles
TASK
NLW PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT
Deny area to
vehicles
Admi n Personnel
SJA/cl ai ms
pl anni ng
Medi a pl an
Support Equi pment
a. Area l i ghts
b. Area sensors
c. Ni ght vi si on
d. Access control
e. Warni ng si gns
wri tten i n host
nati on l anguage
Ensure area i s wel l
l i ghted to i ncl ude
per i meter
Ni ght vi si on devi ces are
general l y empl oyed
outsi de the per i meter
Posi ti vel y I D accessed
vehi cl es
Commander
needs to defi ne
deni al mi ssi on
Uti l i ze
appropri ate
medi a to warn
ci vi l i ans away
from deni ed
area
Deny area to
vehicles
I ntel l i gence
Terrai n and map
study
Threat I D
Sensor
empl acement
around area
I PB
Traffi c anal ysi s
Ki neti cs
Deny area to
vehicles
Operati ons
Prepare and
confi rm ROE
and desi gnated
uni t use
Determi ne scope of
mi ssi on.
Determi ne access
procedures
Determi ne
mi l i tary pol i ce
requi rements
Durati on
Use of area
Deny area to
vehicles
Logi sti cs
Di stri buti on of
NLW suppl i es
Be prepared to
evacuate stal l ed
vehi cl es
Ri ot Control
Deny area to
vehicles
Ci vi l Affai rs
Col l ecti on of
ci vi l i an i ntel
Entangl ements
a. Cal trops
b. Tangl efoot
c. Barri ers
d. Organic
equipment
e. Barbed wi re
f. Foams
Di srupt/sl ow i ntrusi on
attempts
Mai ntai n sui tabl e
reacti on force
Channel passi ve traffi c
away
Use foam to cover
cal tr ops
V-7
Table V-5. Deny/Neutralize Vehicles, Aircraft, Vessels, and Facilities
TASK
NLW PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT
Deny/
neutralize
vehicles,
aircraft,
vessels,
facilities
Admi n Personnel
SJA/cl ai ms
pl anni ng
Medi a pl an
Support Equi pment
a. Sensors to track
approachi ng vehi cl es,
A/C, and vessel s
b. Ni ght vi si on equi pment
c. Materi el handl i ng
equi pment
d. Portabl e bul l horn

Ground and water
sensors can be
empl oyed i f
r equi red
Empl oyment of
aeri al or naval
pi ckets
Materi el handl i ng
equi pment requi red
to evacuate vessel
Commander
needs to defi ne
neutral i zati on
mi ssi on
El ement of
surpri se remai ns
a cri ti cal factor i n
mi ssi on
accompl i shment
Commander
needs to devel op
I FF procedures
Deny/
neutralize
vehicles,
aircraft,
vessels,
facilities
I ntel l i gence
Sensor
empl acement i f
r equi red
Threat I D
I PB
Anal yze tar get area
Ki neti cs
Deny/
neutralize
vehicles,
aircraft,
vessels,
facilities
Operati ons
Prepare and
confi rm ROE
I ntegrati on of NLW
and deadl y force
and desi gnated uni t
use
Determi ne scope
of mi ssi on
Determi ne access
procedures
Determi ne boardi ng
procedures (vessel s
and ai rcraft)
Determi ne
apprehensi on
procedures
a. Marki ng agent
Marki ng agents can
be used to mar k a
vessel for l ater
i ntercepti on
Deny/
neutralize
vehicles,
aircraft,
vessels,
facilities
Logi sti cs
Di stri buti on of
NLW muni ti ons
I D speci al storage
requi rements
Resuppl y of NLW
muni ti ons
Determi ne vessel /
ai rcraft di sposi ti on
Ri ot Control
a. RCA
b. Xenon searchl i ght
Ri ot control agents
can be used to
i ncapaci tate crew
member s
Searchl i ghts can
di sori ent personnel
or i l l umi nate target
Deny/
neutralize
vehicles,
aircraft,
vessels,
facilities
Ci vi l Affai rs
Col l ecti on of ci vi l i an
i ntel
Handl i ng of
di spl aced ci vi l i an
personnel
Entangl ements
a. Cal trops
b. Foams
c. Speed bumps
d. Nets
Use cal trops to
di sabl e vehi cl e
Use combi nati on of
foam and cal trops to
preser ve the
el ement of sur pr i se
Channel passi ve
traffi c away
Use nets to foul
props
Deny/
neutralize
vehicles,
aircraft,
vessels,
facilities
Medi cal
Treati ng i njured
ci vi l i an personnel
V-8
Table V-6. Seize Personnel
TASK
NLW PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT
Seize
personnel
Admi n Per sonnel
SJA/cl ai ms pl anni ng
PAO medi a pl an
Suppor t Equi pment
a. Ri fl emans combat
opti c
DM to I D per sonnel to
be sei zed
Cover s per sonnel
empl oyi ng NL force
Commander needs to
defi ne sei zure mi ssi on
and str i ctl y enfor ce
ROE
El ement of sur pr i se i s
cr i ti cal for mi ssi on
accompl i shment
Speed i s cr i ti cal
Sei zi ng per sonnel can
be sur gi cal wi th spec
ops per sonnel or
conducted wi thi n a
cr owd to sei ze an
agi tator
Seize
personnel
I ntel l i gence
Tar get ar ea anal ysi s
I PB
Anal ysi s of targets
movement pattern
Decepti on and
psychol ogi cal
oper ati ons pl anni ng
Ki neti cs
a. 12 ga bean bag
r ound
b. 12 ga rubber bul l et
car tr i dge
d. 40mm r ubber baton
e. 40mm wooden
baton
f. 40mm sti nger
gr enade
g. Stun gr enade
h. Fl ash bang
Tar geted i ndi vi dual s at
20-40 ft shoul d be
center mass
Head shots are not
acceptabl e
be ski pped fi red
M203 and shotguns ar e
NL compl ementar y;
fi r e, area tar get;
of fi re, poi nt target
Seize
personnel
Oper ati ons
Prepar e and confi r m
ROE
I ntegr ati on of NLW
and deadl y for ce
Al l ocati on of NLW and
desi gnated uni t use
I ntegr ati on of NLW
fi r es and maneuver
Br eachi ng and assaul t
pl anni ng
a. OC di spenser
b. CS
Ri ot Control agents can
be used to i ncapaci tate
per sonnel
Need to spr ay i nto eyes
and face for ful l effect
Seize
personnel
Logi sti cs
Di str i buti on of NLW
muni ti ons
I D speci al stor age
r equi r ements
Resuppl y of NLW
muni ti ons
Tr anspor tati on
pl anni ng
Ri ot Control
a. Xenon sear chl i ght
b. Fl ex cuffs
c. RCA mar kers
Sear chl i ghts dazzl e/
appr ehensi on
RCA marker s ar e used
to mark agi tators for
sei zure
Seize
personnel
Ci vi l Affai r s
Col l ecti on of ci vi l i an
i ntel
Car e of i njured
per sonnel
Detenti on of ci vi l i an
per sonnel
Seize
personnel
Medi cal
Medevac pl anni ng
V-9
Table V-7. Clear Facilities of Personnel
TASKS
NLW
PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT
Clear
facilities of
personnel
Admi n /Per sonnel
SJA/cl ai ms
pl anni ng
Chapl ai n affai r s
Casual ty
noti fi cati on
PAO medi a pl an
Suppor t Equi pment
b. Ful l l ength r i ot
shi el d
c. Expandabl e
r i ot baton
d. Ri fl emans
combat opti c
e. Por tabl e bul l
hor n
Di str i buted to tr oops i n
advance
Ri ot baton shoul d not
be empl oyed to the head
DM to I D occupant
l eader s and pr ovi de
l ethal cover fi r e
Bul l hor n used for
communi cati ng wi th
occupants
Sur pr i se i s a
cr i ti cal el ement
for mi ssi on
accompl i shment
Commander
must str i ctl y
defi ne ROE
Due to cl ose
quar ter tacti cs,
the for ce must be
i nstantl y r eady
to uti l i ze deadl y
for ce i f r equi r ed
Clear
facilities of
personnel
I ntel l i gence
I PB
Backgr ound on
faci l i ty, access,
power pl ant
Route/map r econ
Backgr ound i nfo
on bui l di ng
occupants
Deter mi ne any
outsi de suppor t
for bui l di ng
occupants
Ki neti cs
a. 12 ga Bean bag
r ound
b. 12 ga r ubber
bul l et
car tr i dge
d. 40mm r ubber
baton
e. 40mm wooden
baton
f. 40mm sti nger
gr enade
g. Stun gr enade
h. Fl ash bang
Tar geted per sonnel at
20-40 ft shoul d be
center mass
Head shots ar e not
acceptabl e
Ki neti c r ounds wi l l not
be ski pped fi r ed
and to di sper se
i ndi vi dual s
Stun gr enade effects
can be ampl i fi ed i n
bui l di ngs
Vi si bi l i ty wi l l be
r educed once ki neti cs
ar e empl oyed
M203 and shotguns are
NL compl ementar y;
fi r e, ar ea tar get;
of fi r e, poi nt tar get
Use of RCA
gr eatl y r educes
vi si bi l i ty
Use RCA on
noncombatants
Clear
facilities of
personnel
Oper ati ons
Tacti cal
i ntegr ati on of
NLW and l ethal
fi r es
FSE pl ans to
i ncl ude RCA
Al l ocati on of
NLW muni ti ons
I ntegr ati on of
NLW fi r es and
maneuver
Deter mi ne
assaul t and
br eachi ng pl an
Pl an for
i sol ati on of
faci l i ty
Ri ot Contr ol Agents
a. OC di spenser
b. Team OC
di spenser
c. Hi gh vol ume
di spenser
Di sr upt/di sper se cr owds
RCA shoul d be appl i ed
to face and eyes for ful l
effect
I sol ate ar ea to
pr event
r ei nfor cements
Pr epar e
di sposi ti on pl an
for cl ear ed
per sonnel
Consi der use of
faci l i ty
Pr epar e secur i ty
pl an for cl ear ed
faci l i ty
V-10
4. Staff Planning/Responsibilities
a. Admi ni strati on. A staff composed of
the G-1/S1, publ i c affai rs offi ce (PAO), SJA,
and others as needed i s responsi bl e for the
l egal revi ew of NLW empl oyment and ROE.
Addi ti onal l y admi ni str ati ve per sonnel ar e
r es pon s i bl e for pr oces s i n g al l ci v i l i an
detai nees and cl ai ms that ari se from NLW
empl oyment.
b. I ntel l i gence. The G-2/S2 offi ce i s
responsi bl e for conducti ng the i ntel l i gence
preparati on of the battl efi el d (I PB) process
an d pr ov i di n g i n for mati on on th e
adversarys cul ture, pol i ti cal stabi l i ty, l evel
of dedi cati on to the cause, moti vati ons,
l eader shi p, capabi l i ti es, equi pment, and
tacti cs. The G-2/S2 shoul d l ocate nati ve
l an gu age s peak er s to as s i s t th e
i nter r ogator /tr ansl ator team (I TT). Map
study i s an i mpor tant par t of pr epar ati on
for the mi ssi on. Di r ect coor di nati on wi th
the chapl ai n, publ i c and ci vi l affai rs offi cers
Table V-7. Clear Facilities of Personnel (continued)
i s requi red i n preparati on of a medi a pl an
that focuses on the di fferent facti ons.
c. Oper ati ons. The G-3/S3 offi ce i s
r esponsi bl e for uni t tr ai ni ng, nonl ethal
cer ti fi cati on of uni ts, mi ssi on anal ysi s,
maneuver pl ans, and ci vi l affai rs pl anni ng
when r equi r ed.
d. L ogi s ti cs . Th e G-4/S4 offi ce i s
r esponsi bl e for l ogi sti cs consi der ati ons,
shi p-to-shor e movement of weapons and
ammu n i ti on , s tor age of equ i pmen t,
resuppl y, transportati on ashore, and other
suppor t r equi r ements i nher ent i n use of
NLW.
e. Communi cati ons Offi cer. The com-
muni cati ons offi cer s staff i s responsi bl e for
i nstal l i ng, oper ati ng, and mai ntai ni ng
communi cati on fr om uni ts confr onti ng
bel l i ger ents to tacti cal oper ati on center or
combat oper ati ons center.
TASKS
NLW PLANNING
FACTORS EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT
Clear facilities
of personnel
Logi sti cs
Di stri buti on of
NLW suppl i es
Resuppl y of NLW
muni ti ons
Pl an for
transpor tati on of
di spl aced ci vi l i ans
Pl an faci l i ty
mai ntenance or
r epai r
Ri ot Control
a. Xenon searchl i ght
b. Fl ex cuffs
c. RCA mar kers
Searchl i ghts dazzl e/
agi tator s
RCA mar ker s ar e used
to mark agi tators for
future I D
Clear facilities
of personnel
Ci vi l Affai r s
Col l ecti on of
ci vi l i an i ntel
Car e of i njured
ci vi l i ans
Coor di nate pl ans
for contr ol of
ci vi l i ans
Clear facilities
of personnel
Medi cal
Hospi tal pl anni ng
Medi c pl anni ng for
tacti cal uni ts
Pr ocur ement of
medi cal suppl i es
V-11
f. Publ i c Affai r s Offi cer. The PAO
pr ovi des l i ai son wi th outsi de medi a and
par ti ci pates i n the staff pl anni ng pr ocess.
PAO i s al so r esponsi bl e for ensur i ng the
NLW medi a pl an an d n ews r el eas es
con s i der th e per cepti on s of th e n ati v e
medi a and bel l i ger ents or adver sar i es.
Pu bl i c affai r s per s on n el mu s t r ecei v e
trai ni ng on NLW technol ogi es, empl oyment
an d capabi l i ti es , acu te an d l on g-ter m
effects, i mpact on the envi r onment, and
l egal approval procedures (as a mi ni mum)
so they can r espond to medi a and publ i c
i nqui r i es.
g. Medi cal . Medi cal personnel must be
tr ai ned on NLW technol ogi es and effects,
as wel l as di agn os ti c an d tr eatmen t
pr ocedur es and pr ognosi s for di ffer ent
types of possi bl e i njuri es/NLW effects. Al so,
th ey mu s t be pr epar ed to tr eat l ocal
resi dents, noncombatants, and adversari es
al i ke. At a mi ni mum, medi cal per sonnel
shoul d be tr ai ned on r i sks and potenti al
tempor ar y an d or per man en t effects
i nher ent i n empl oyi ng NLW. Medi cal
personnel shoul d be fami l i ar wi th and abl e
to pr ovi de decontami nati on of r i ot contr ol
agents as wel l as admi ni ster anti dotes i n
cases of adver se r eacti ons to r i ot contr ol
and other agents. They shoul d be tr ai ned
to pr ovi de medi cal tr eatment for br ui ses,
abr as i on s , an d cu ts as s oci ated wi th
nonl ethal i mpact devi ces. Addi ti onal l y,
they shoul d be tr ai ned to handl e bl unt
trauma i nci dents to organs, ti ssue, and or
bones.
h. Ch apl ai n . Ch apl ai n per s on n el
shoul d be pr epar ed to pr ovi de counsel i ng
and rel i gi ous servi ces to both mi l i tary and
ci v i l i an per s on n el . Addi ti on al l y, th ey
shoul d be tr ai ned to pr ovi de the r el i gi ous
and cul tural background of the bel l i gerents
as they rel ate to crowd control .
i . Ci vi l Affai rs. The ci vi l affai rs offi ce
i s r es pon s i bl e for pl an n i n g an d
coor di nati ng al l aspects of ci vi l affai r s
acti v i ti es an d pr ov i di n g as s i s tan ce i n
gath er i n g i n tel l i gen ce fr om ci v i l i an
sour ces.
5. Tactics
a. Th e f ol l owi n g con s i der a ti on s
shoul d be i ncl uded i n the devel opment of
u n i t ta cti ca l oper a ti on s i n v ol v i n g
nonl ethal muni ti ons:
(1) Av oi d r econ fi gu r i n g tabl e of
or gani zati on (T/O)/tabl e of or gani zati on
and equi pment (T/O&E [USMC]), except
for speci al confi gur ati ons:
(a) Speci al pur pose teams.
(b) Attachments.
(c) Ri ot contr ol for mati ons.
(d) Pr ovi si onal secur i ty
or gani zati ons.
(2) Sta n da r di ze T/O&E (TO&E
[USA]) equi pment and postur es i n uni t
tacti cal standi ng oper ati ng pr ocedur es
(TAC SOP). To add a hi gher vol ume of
speci al ty i mpact muni ti ons wi thi n squads,
pl atoon s , or u n i ts equ i pmen t may be
added as fol l ows:
(a) Add nonl ethal muni ti ons
for T/O&E M203s fi r st.
(b) Add addi ti on al M203s
second.
(c) Add s h otgu n s l a s t to
patr ol s or fi r s t to s tati c pos i ti on s . I f
shotguns ar e added for patr ol s, add as an
attachment or as mi scel l aneous bi l l ets.
(3) When l oaded wi th nonl ethal
muni ti ons, the l onger r el oadi ng ti me of
the M203 i s pr otected wi th over l appi ng
cov er age fr om s h otgu n n on l eth al fi r e.
Nonl ethal r ange car ds shoul d be made to
assi st i n assur i ng safety di stances ar e
met.
V-12
(4) Avoi d l ong weapons i n contact
teams or wi th front l i nes of ci vi l di sturbance
r eacti on for ces wi th r esponse ti mes.
(5) Attempt to focus r i ot contr ol
capabi l i ti es i n speci al i zed r eacti on for ces.
(6) Es tabl i s h bas e l i n e NLW
postur es.
(7) Establ i sh command r el ati ons
for speci al uni ts.
(8) Maxi mi ze di stance and barri ers.
(9) Us e NLW r an ge car ds for
stati onar y posi ti ons.
(10) Satur ate for ce wi th avai l abl e
OC aerosol consi stent wi th ROE.
(11) Sel ecti vel y use i mpact batons.
(12) Never accept unnecessar y r i sk.
(13) Al ways mutual l y suppor t wi th
l ethal .
(14) Dev el op i mmedi ate acti on s
dr i l l s (Pl aybook).
(15) I n s pect al l 40mm n on l eth al
muni ti ons dai l y when depl oyed as these
muni ti ons are very suscepti bl e to weather
condi ti ons (moi sture). I n Bosni a, task force
eagl e found that the 40mm r ound tur ned
ex tr emel y h ar d wh en k ept i n a col d
envi r onment.
Cu r r en tl y, n on l eth al r ou n ds ar e bl ack
powder burni ng and l eave the shotgun and
M203 bar r el s contami nated wi th r esi due.
The r ecommended fi el d expedi ent method
of cl eani ng i s to fl ush the barrel wi th water.
Th i s oper ati on fr ees th e r es i du e an d
enabl es the shooter to rapi dl y reengage the
tar gets. Fi gur e V-1 por tr ays maxi mum
r anges of NLW systems that shoul d be
consi der ed befor e empl oyment.
b. Un i t Weapon s an d Ammo
Confi gur ati on.
(1) I ndi vi dual . When possi bl e, do
n ot ch an ge T/O or TO&E weapon s .
Des i gn ate i n di v i du al s as n on l eth al
shooters. Nonl ethal shooters shoul d carry
l eth al mu n i ti on s on l y for per s on al
protecti on. Lethal rounds shoul d be carri ed
i n a pl ace to avoi d confusi ng nonl ethal
rounds wi th l ethal rounds.
Figure V-1. Bands of Employment of Various NLW Systems
6
20
50
150
200
240
300
100
Hand
held
RCA
M33A1
RCA
dispenser
Hand
thrown
sting
ball
- M203
Foam
- Stinger
grenade
- Shotgun
beanbag
- M203
stinger
Shotgun
launched
stinger
grenade
- Shotgun
rubber fin
stabilized
- M103
wooden
baton
- 40mm
sponge
LVOSS
Shotgun
flashbang
Claws
SABER 203
WIND
V-13
(2) Squad. Squad l eader s shoul d
carry sti nger grenades and mai ntai n thei r
T/O weapon l oaded wi th l eth al
ammuni ti on. I deal l y, the squad shoul d not
ch an ge th ei r tas k or gan i zati on to
accommodate the addi ti on of nonl ethal
equi pment but shoul d desi gnate nonl ethal
shooter s.
(3) Patr ol s. Commander s shoul d
not pl an a nonl ethal patrol but shoul d pl an
a combat/secur i ty patr ol wi th a nonl ethal
attach men t, wh en mi s s i on di ctates .
Nonl ethal attachments shoul d car r y onl y
40mm n on l eth al r ou n ds . Car r y i n g a
s h otgu n l i mi ts th e fl ex i bi l i ty th at th e
i ndi vi dual has because of the ti me i t takes
to tr ans i ti on fr om nonl ethal to l ethal .
Shotguns shoul d be used onl y from a fi xed
pos i ti on wh er e adequ ate cov er age i s
avai l abl e.
(4) Stati c Posi ti ons. I ndi vi dual s on
stati c posi ti ons shoul d have thei r weapons
l oaded wi th l eth al ammu n i ti on .
Addi ti onal l y, they shoul d car r y nonl ethal
muni ti ons. Both shotguns and M203s work
wel l fr om stati c posi ti ons and shoul d be
used together when possi bl e.
(5) Contact Teams. Contact Teams
shoul d be establ i shed befor e depl oyment.
Team member s s h ou l d be tr ai n ed i n
unar med sel f-defense, open-hand contr ol ,
and handcuffi ng/fl ex cuffi ng. Contact teams
s h ou l d be equ i pped wi th per s on al
pr otecti on gear, 9mm, and fl ex cuffs. Due
to the physi cal nature of contact teams, i ts
i mportant not to arm contact team members
wi th l ong ri fl es. I f securi ty for the contact
team i s an i ssue, a securi ty el ement shoul d
be attached.
(6) Ri ot For mati ons. Ri ot contr ol
teams s h ou l d be es tabl i s h ed wi th a
mi ni mum r esponse ti me. Because of the
physi cal nature of ri ot control , i ndi vi dual s
i n ri ot control formati ons shoul d not carry
l ong r i fl es. Nonl ethal attachments shoul d
fol l ow cl os el y beh i n d th e r i ot con tr ol
for mati on . L eth al cov er age mu s t be
pr ovi ded for thi s enti r e for mati on.
(7) Desi gnated Marksmen. Duri ng
a n on l eth al en gagemen t, th e u s e of
des i gn ated mar k s men (DM) pr ov i des
confi dence and safety to those faci ng a ri ot.
I f a l eth al th r eat i s pr es en ted, th e
des i gn ated mar k s man wh o i s i n an
ov er watch pos i ti on an d ar med wi th a
standar d i nfantr y r i fl e, mounted wi th a
hi gh-powered scope, can scan a crowd and
i den ti fy agi tator s an d r i ot l eader s for
apprehensi on as wel l as fi re l ethal rounds
i f warranted. Addi ti onal l y, they are i deal l y
sui ted for fl ank securi ty and counter sni per
oper ati ons.
6. Employment Objectives
I nnovati ve empl oyment methods of
NLW an d i n gen u i ty tak e on cr i ti cal
si gni fi cance. Some opti ons are so harml ess
that empl oyment becomes the key factor i n
how effecti ve they are. Aqueous foam, for
exampl e, i s l i ttl e mor e than soapsuds.
Cal tr ops, al though for mi dabl e to vehi cl es,
ar e eas i l y av oi ded or s wept as i de by
per sonnel . However , when aqueous foam
i s used to cover the cal tr ops a syner gi sti c
effect occur s. An adver sar y cannot cr oss
the foam because of the cal trops and cannot
fi nd the cal trops because of the foam.
The counter measur es for thwar ti ng
vi r tual l y al l nonl ethal opti ons ar e usual l y
appar en t, qu i ck l y l ear n ed an d r eadi l y
av ai l abl e. Becau s e th ey do n ot k i l l ,
nonl ethal opti ons teach an adver sar y
what to avoi d i n the futur e. Smal l uni t
commanders must be prepared to keep one
step ahead of moti vated bel l i ger ents.
Man y n on l eth al opti on s h av e both
maxi mum effecti ve and mi ni mum safety
r anges. I ndi vi dual s str uck shor t of the
mi ni mum safety r ange often suffer sever e
i njuri es or death whi l e the effects of most
nonl ethal devi ces ar e gr eatl y mi ti gated at
l onger ranges. I n order to be effecti ve, an
adver sar y must be engaged wi thi n the
effecti ve zone beyond the mi ni mum safety
range and short of the maxi mum effecti ve
r ange.
V-14
7. Environment
A mi l i tary uni t depl oyed to an area wi l l
conduct oper ati ons i n accor dance wi th
pr esent doctr i ne. The envi r onment may
con tai n both n on combatan ts an d
combatants. Nonl ethal capabi l i ti es provi de
the mi l i tar y for ce wi th tool s to engage
adv er s ar i es an d mi n i mi ze col l ater al
damage. These tool s empower the mi l i tary
for ce wi th the capabi l i ty to i nfl uence the
en v i r on men t wi th n on l eth al mean s i f
r equi r ed.
8. ROE
US for ces fol l ow di r ecti ves i ssued by
competent mi l i tary authori ty that del i neate
the ci r cumstances and l i mi tati ons under
whi ch deadl y force wi l l be i ni ti ated agai nst
other for ces encounter ed. I ntr i nsi c to the
effecti ve use of nonl ethal opti ons i s the
author i zati on to empl oy them. I n peace-
keepi ng efforts, ROE serve as an essenti al
bal ance between what i s i mposed and what
i s al l owed. ROE are the pri mary means by
whi ch the Nati onal Command Author i ti es
(NCA) can, thr ough the Chai r man of the
J oi n t Ch i efs of Staff (CJ CS) an d th e
combatant commander s, pr ovi de gui dance
to depl oy ed for ces i n peaceti me for
handl i ng cr i ses and, i n war ti me, to hel p
contr ol the l evel of hosti l i ti es.
a. ROE shoul d be di sti ngui shed fr om
tacti cal control measures, threat condi ti ons,
and armi ng orders. Al though armi ng orders
ar e someti mes l i sted on the same qui ck
reference card as ROE, for easy reference,
ROE shoul d al so be di sti ngui shed fr om
other pol i ci es and di r ecti ves devel oped,
such as weapons confi scati on rul es.
b. The deci si on to use NLW agai nst an
adversary duri ng a confrontati on shoul d be
del egated to the l owes t pos s i bl e l ev el ,
pr efer abl y to the pl atoon, fl i ght, or squad
l ev el . Howev er , thi s r equi r es that al l
per sonnel , not just l eader s, have a cl ear
under standi ng of ROE and commander s
i ntent.
c. The use of l ethal for ce, empl oyed
under the standi ng ROE, wi l l never be
deni ed. At no ti me wi l l forces be depl oyed
wi thout the abi l i ty to defend themsel ves
agai nst a l ethal threat nor wi l l they forego
normal trai ni ng, armi ng, and equi ppi ng for
combat. Nonl ethal opti ons ar e a compl e-
ment to, not a repl acement for, l ethal force
and seek to expand a pr oacti ve r esponse
across the range of mi l i tary operati ons.
9. Logistic Considerations Including
Maintenance and Transportation
Mu n i ti on s mu s t be r es i l i en t an d
depl oyabl e under al l condi ti ons. Nonl ethal
muni ti ons tend to degr ade substanti al l y
fas ter th an con v en ti on al mi l i tar y
muni ti ons. A round that i s effecti ve i n the
heat of Somal i a or Li beri a may not work i n
th e s n ows of Bos n i a, becau s e of th e
degr adati on of th e r ou n d an d i ts
empl oyment agai nst peopl e who ar e mor e
heavi l y cl othed. Pr oper stor age, per i odi c
i n s pecti on s , an d r otati on of NL W
ammuni ti on are cri ti cal to mai ntai ni ng the
effecti veness and vi abi l i ty of nonl ethal
muni ti ons.
Fur ther mor e, most NLW ar e not type
cl as s i fi ed, th at mean s th ey ar e n ot
n eces s ar i l y cer ti fi ed for ai r or s ea
tr anspor tati on wi thout speci fi c pr epar a-
ti on. Addi ti onal l y, stor age r equi r ements
can be u n u s u al for NLW an d mu s t be
adher ed to so they do not r api dl y become
unser vi ceabl e.
VI-1
Chapter VI
LESSONS LEARNED
1. Background
Th ou gh l es s on s l ear n ed fr om
empl oyment of NLW are sti l l bei ng studi ed
and i mpacts anal yzed, i t i s benefi ci al to l ook
at the prel i mi nary l essons gai ned from the
NLW exper i ence. These l essons ar e far
from concl usi ve because US forces have yet
to see the fi r st l ar ge-scal e empl oyment of
the NLW opti on. However, we can gai n
tremendous i nsi ght from the experi ence of
other s and use what has been l ear ned to
gui de futur e NLW empl oyment.
2. Force Continuum
The use of nonl ethal opti ons needs to
be based on the pri nci pl e of a graduated and
proporti onal response, usi ng the mi ni mum
force necessary to respond to the threat.
a. Attempts to l egi sl ate and r egul ate
ever y aspect of NLW empl oyment can
pr ove di sadvantageous to the on-scene
commander. I n Somal i a, for exampl e, the
ROE made an ar bi tr ar y and unnecessar y
di sti ncti on between si tuati ons justi fyi ng
deadl y force and those whi ch justi fi ed onl y
l esser means. Cr owd contr ol i tems wer e
r estr i cted to si tuati ons r equi r i ng deadl y
force. Many sol di ers, ai rmen, and mari nes
asked, why resort to nonl ethal means at al l ,
i f I h av e to wai t u n ti l deadl y for ce i s
authori zed before I can shoot them wi th a
beanbag? Addi ti onal l y, the use of sti cky
foam was l i mi ted to deadl y force si tuati ons
because of the percepti on that adversari es
mi ght suffocate from i ts appl i cati on. Thi s
sti pul ati on effecti vel y el i mi nated sti cky
foam as a nonl ethal opti on to the forces i n
Somal i a.
b. Wi th ROE that take i nto account the
for ce conti nuum and encour age gr aduated
r es pon s e to n on l eth al th r eats , th e
commander can empl oy NLW to enhance
fl ex i bi l i ty, deter r en ce, an d r eacti on to
uncer tai n si tuati ons. To accompl i sh the
mi ssi on wi th mi ni mum l oss of l i fe and
pr oper ty the commander needs to have
ROE that al l ows pr oper empl oyment of
NLW.
3. Employment
Th r ou gh u s e of model i n g an d
s i mu l ati on an d fi el d ex er ci s es , n ew
con cepts for empl oy men t of NLW ar e
conti nual l y bei ng devel oped. Trai ni ng wi th
NLW shoul d be accompl i shed to the same
degree as for l ethal weapons. I n thi s way,
u n i ts become con fi den t wh en u s i n g
n on l eth al opti on s i n a ch aoti c an d
uncertai n si tuati on. The deci si on to empl oy
NLW must be pushed to the l owest possi bl e
tacti cal l evel . Commanders who i ntend to
use NLW i n achi evi ng mi l i tar y objecti ves
must recogni ze the fl ui di ty of the si tuati ons
i n whi ch they ar e l i kel y to be empl oyed.
Th e deci s i on -mak i n g cy cl e i s s h or t,
stressful , and the l evel of vi ol ence can move
i n both di r ecti on s al on g th e for ce
conti nuum. I n qui ck successi on, a smal l
u n i t l eader mi gh t empl oy n on l eth al
muni ti ons, then deci de to empl oy deadl y
for ce to an i mmedi ate speci fi c thr eat that
ar i s es , then r etur n to us i ng nonl ethal
means i n r esponse to unar med hosti l e
el ements.
I n an oper ati onal scenar i o, a mi xtur e
of nonl ethal tool s i s advantageous. As the
si tuati on dev el ops, di ffer ent nonl ethal
r esponses can be appl i ed wi th r espect to
r ange/di stance capabi l i ty and sever i ty of
effect. For exampl e, to di sper se a cr owd,
ar ea fi r e weapons woul d pr ecede use of
cl ose-i n poi nt tar get nonl ethal muni ti ons.
VI-2
An i mportant poi nt i s NLW are just one
el ement of a graduated response avai l abl e
to the for ce commander. Other el ements,
shor t of deadl y for ce, mak e up a l ar ge
contr i buti on to the success of US for ces,
i ncl udi ng bar r i er pl ans and psychol ogi cal
oper ati ons (PSYOP). An exampl e of thi s
operati on woul d be the use of barri ers such
as r oadbl ocks or concer ti na wi r e, war ni ng
commands to i nfor m a mob of potenti al
responses based on thei r acti ons, and onl y
th en tak i n g acti on s th r ou gh es cal ated
empl oyment of NLW. These conti nued
responses woul d i nvol ve smoke, ri ot control
agen ts , an d bl u n t mu n i ti on s . Ev er y
escal ati on of nonl ethal means shoul d be
preceded by a speci fi c verbal warni ng.
Wh en ev er NLW ar e empl oy ed, a
separ ate l ethal capabi l i ty must al ways be
i n pl ace. Troops must al ways be prepared
to protect themsel ves as requi red by l ethal
mean s , becau s e i t i s i mpos s i bl e to
accu r atel y pr edi ct th e r es pon s e of an
i ndi vi dual or mob to NLW empl oyment.
4. Publicity and Media
Th e medi a can be u s ed to th e
comman der s adv an tage, as th ey wi l l
i nform the l ocal popul ati on of the mi l i tarys
capabi l i ti es and r esponses avai l abl e. I n
Somal i a, the l ocal medi a was i nfor med of
the mar i nes nonl ethal opti ons and new
technol ogi es to di scourage hosti l e acti ons.
The medi a was encour aged to r epor t thi s
to th e popu l ati on . I n tel l i gen ce h ad
i ndi cated the Somal i s were pl anni ng to mi x
ci vi l i ans wi th ar med cl ansmen, cr eati ng
hosti l e mobs. I n fact, feudi ng war l or ds
successful l y demonstrated thi s strategy on
sever al occasi ons. Lack of deadl y mob
i nci dents i mpl i es that the Somal i s were not
anxi ous to test thi s new technol ogy and
publ i ci ty had actual l y hel ped i n mi ssi on
accompl i shment.
Th e pu bl i c di s s emi n ati on of th e
pr esence of NLW capabi l i ti es must str i ke
a bal ance between i nformati on suffi ci ent to
di scourage hosti l e acti ons and i nformati on
that enabl es the l ocal popul ati on to l ear n
about the capabi l i ti es of NLW. Too much
i nfor mati on al l ows adver sar i es to devel op
countermeasures or avoi d the NLW effects.
Commander s who empl oy NLW systems
must i ncl ude the PAO. From the begi nni ng
of pl anni ng, the PAO must be fami l i ar wi th
the objecti ves of the mi ssi on, commander s
i ntent, ROE, NLW and l ethal weapons
empl oyed and be pr epar ed to advi se the
commander on the best methods of deal i ng
wi th ou ts i de medi a. Th e comman der
shoul d ful l y i ntegr ate the publ i c affai r s
pl an wi th PSYOP obj ecti v es an d th e
concept of oper ati ons. Addi ti onal l y, car e
must be taken wi th nati ve and wester n
medi a to ensure that the sensati onal i sm
of such a new technol ogy does not cr eate
unr eal i sti c expectati ons by whi ch the on-
scene commander may be unfai rl y judged.
5. Capabilities and Impact on Mission
Accomplishment
The commander shoul d understand the
uni que capabi l i ti es of NLW and use them
to enhance mi ssi on accompl i shment. NLW
shoul d be used i n consonance wi th the
pl an n ed empl oy men t of th e for ce an d
wi thi n establ i shed ROE to mi ni mi ze l oss
of l i fe and pr oper ty whi l e accompl i shi ng
the mi s s i on. The for ce r equi r es ear l y
h an ds -on tr ai n i n g to r ecogn i ze th e
capabi l i ti es and l i mi tati ons of nonl ethal
weapons. (See Appendi x D for a tr ai ni ng
pl an devel oped to meet these objecti ves.)
Addi ti onal l y, the force commander must
ful l y i ntegr ate pl anni ng for the use of
nonl ethal opti ons as qui ckl y as possi bl e i n
the staff pl anni ng cycl e. I n order to have a
ful l r ange of al ter nati ves for use agai nst
unar med but hosti l e el ements, nonl ethal
systems need to be del i ver ed; necessar y
ROE an d l egal r ev i ew compl eted; an d
suffi ci ent quanti ti es of each NLW made
readi l y accessi bl e to the force. The choi ce
of nonl ethal capabi l i ti es shoul d be based on
several factors. Fi rst, are the NLW systems
avai l abl e and can they be del i vered on ti me?
Second, ar e they compati bl e wi th, and do
VI-3
they compl ement exi sti ng weapons and
tr ai n i n g? Th i r d, ar e th er e cl ear an d
u n ambi gu ou s gu i del i n es an d ROE for
empl oyment? Fi nal l y, can the NLW be
effecti v el y empl oy ed to s av e l i v es an d
contr i bute to mi ssi on accompl i shment?
Technol ogi es and capabi l i ti es that NLW
bri ng to the battl efi el d must be recogni zed
to not represent a panacea of sol uti ons. As
i n Somal i a an d Hai ti , i n s u r gen ts an d
demonstr ator s wi l l fi nd ways to avoi d or
defeat the effects of NLW. When thi s
occurs, the commander must pl an for other
al ter n ati v es th at capi tal i ze on th e
capabi l i ti es of thi s technol ogy and empl oy
them wi sel y.
6. Knowing Your Adversary
Al though commanders desi re thorough
i ntel l i gence of any potenti al adver sar y,
such a goal may be di ffi cul t to r each i n a
NLW empl oyment envi ronment. I n Somal i a
and Hai ti , a study of the l ocal popul ati ons
cul tur e, hi stor y, and customs enabl ed the
commanders to anti ci pate and control many
si tuati ons before they got out of hand. On
the other hand, poor i ntel l i gence l ed to the
Hai ti an s an d Cu ban s bei n g bi l l eted
together i n Guantanamo Bay. Thi s si tuati on
l ed to ri ots between facti ons who had a deep
di sl i ke for each other. By understandi ng a
par ti cul ar cr owds moti vati on, fr i endl y
forces may be better abl e to take necessary
steps to pr event the escal ati on that may
r esul t i n the use of deadl y for ce. Ear l y
trai ni ng i n crowd dynami cs and ri ot control
wi l l enhance the effecti ve use of NLW.
7. Summary
The wi de r ange of mi l i tar y oper ati ons
i n wh i ch US for ces ar e i n v ol v ed h as
demanded the i ntroducti on of NLW i nto the
ar s en al of weapon r y av ai l abl e to
commander s. NLW pr ovi de a gr aduated
and proporti onal response to threats posed
by a vari ety of adversari es. The ROE must
be consi stent wi th the r api dl y changi ng
si tuati on of todays chaoti c and uncer tai n
mi l i tary operati ons. Thi s real i ty demands
a h i gh l ev el of tr ai n i n g i n th e pr oper
empl oyment of NLW.
Effecti ve use of NLW i nvol ve a synergy
between PSYOP acti vi ti es, i ntel l i gence
gather i ng, and pr ofessi onal medi a/publ i c
affai r s pl an . NLW's effecti v en es s i s
enhanced thr ough i ntegr ati on of these
acti v i ti es to r edu ce th e ch an ce an
adversari es wi l l be abl e to devel op effecti ve
counter measur es. NLW, when combi ned
wi th l eth al weapon s , pr ov i de th e
commander wi th a force response across a
wi de range of mi l i tary operati ons.
A-1
Appendix A
NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY SET INDIVIDUAL
Item Description
The fol l owi ng i nfor mati on descr i bes
each of the 33 components of the NLW
capabi l i ty set currentl y bei ng pursued by
the US Mar i ne Cor ps. Compar abl e sets
are bei ng pursued by the other servi ces.
1. Riot Face Shield
The r equi r ement exi sts to pr ovi de
i ndi vi dual s faci al pr otecti on fr om thr own
obj ects . Th e face s h i el d mu s t be
l i ghtwei ght, adaptabl e to the cur r ent
personnel armor system for ground troops
(PASGT) hel met, tr anspar ent, scr atch-
r es i s tan t an d n on r efl ecti v e .Th e
mechani sm for attachi ng to and detachi ng
fr om th e h el met s h ou l d be s i mpl e,
uncompl i cated, and r equi r es a mi ni mum
of tool s i n the fi el d. I t shoul d be adjustabl e
to an up-and-down posi ti on. When i n the
down posi ti on, i t shoul d r esi st foggi ng
caused by the wear er s body heat and
r espi r ati on. When i n the up posi ti on, i t
must l ock i n pl ace to prevent ei ther parti al
or i nadver tent empl oyment. Fur ther,
con s i der i n g th e added wei gh t to th e
hel met, a more robust hel met suspensi on
system shoul d be consi der ed to keep the
hel met mor e squar el y on the i ndi vi dual s
head.
2. Full-Length Riot Shield
US for ces r equi r e a ful l -l ength shi el d
for pr otecti on agai n s t h an d-th r own
mi s s i l es an d ph y s i cal as s au l ts by
i ndi vi dual s, crowds, or mobs. I t shoul d be
constr ucted of a l i ghtwei ght (not gr eater
th an 20 pou n ds ), du r abl e an d fl ame
retardant materi al . I t shoul d be no smal l er
than 36 i nches l ong by 20 i nches wi de. I t
shoul d pr ovi de for an ambi dextr ous gr i p
and have suffi ci ent paddi ng to protect the
forearm from i mpact shock. I t shoul d be
wel l bal anced, opaque, and provi de a cl ear
v i ewi n g por t, con s tr u cted of equ al l y
pr otecti v e mater i al , th r ou gh wh i ch US
for ces can obser ve wi thout exposi ng thei r
bodi es.
3. Expandable Riot Baton with Holder
Carry Case
US for ces r equ i r e th e capabi l i ty to
str i k e noncombatant antagoni sts beyond
ar ms r each wi thout usi ng the stock or
bayonet of thei r T/O weapon. The baton
shoul d be empl oyed i n a manner commonl y
used by l aw enforcement agenci es to i nfl i ct
and defl ect bl ows and to appl y submi ssi on
h ol ds to n on compl i an t detai n ees . Th e
extended l ength of the baton, when i n use,
shoul d be at l east 24 i nches. The baton, when
not i n use, must be tel escopi ng, col l apsi bl e,
or other wi se capabl e of bei ng stor ed i n a
hol der not greater i n l ength than 14 i nches
and be easi l y attached to the mari nes combat
cl othi ng or equi pment.
4. Riot Baton Training Suit
To hone thei r ri ot baton ski l l s, US forces
r equi r e r eal i sti c hand-to-hand engagement
tr ai ni ng. Thi s tr ai ni ng i s best pr ovi ded
where one mari ne, armed wi th a ri ot baton,
i s pi tted agai nst another who i s outfi tted i n
a pr otecti v e s u i t con s tr u cted of h eav y,
dur abl e mater i al desi gned to absor b the
bl ows i nfl i cted by a r i ot baton. Thi s sui t
shoul d pr ovi de al l -ar ound pr otecti on, fr om
head to toe, wi thout si gni fi cant degradati on
of the wearer s mobi l i ty.
5. Training Riot Baton
US forces requi re a trai ni ng baton as an
ai d to hone thei r ri ot baton ski l l s. Thi s baton
must be of a desi gn si mi l ar to the actual ri ot
baton but made of l i ghtwei ght materi al s. I t
must be capabl e of bei ng used i n ri ot trai ni ng
scenar i os agai nst unpr otected US for ces to
pr ovi de r eal i sti c tr ai ni ng wi thout causi ng
A-2
i mpact i njur i es. Addi ti onal l y, i t must be
suffi ci entl y r i gi d to pr acti ce r i ot baton
submi ssi on and compl i ance hol ds.
6. Riflemans Combat Optic
The requi rement exi sts to enhance the
US for ces capabi l i ty to acqui r e, posi ti vel y
i denti fy and engage targets wi th an M16A2
mou n ted s cope. Th i s s cope s h ou l d n ot
i nter fer e wi th the mar i nes' abi l i ty to use
thei r i ron si ghts and shoul d enhance thei r
abi l i ty to engage poi nt tar gets out to the
maxi mum range of the weapon. The scope
shoul d have a r eti cl e patter n to assi st i n
tar get l ocati on and tar get i denti fi cati on.
7. Portable Bullhorn
Squ ad l eader s an d abov e n eed th e
capabi l i ty to project thei r voi ces above the
noi se and commoti on cr eated by cr owds
an d mobs . Th i s wi l l as s i s t th em i n
con tr ol l i n g th es e mas s es an d i n
man eu v er i n g th ei r US for ces . Th es e
bul l hor ns shoul d be hi ghl y por tabl e and
easy to carry when not i n use. They shoul d
be col or ed to bl end wi th cur r ent combat
equ i pmen t an d mu s t be power ed by
standar d batter i es found i n the Mar i ne
Corps i nventory. I deal l y, the system shoul d
consi st of a smal l tr ansmi tter that sends
the tr ansmi ssi on to a l ocal r ecei ver and
s peak er s y s tem, th er eby r el i ev i n g th e
mar i n es of th e bu r den of car r y i n g al l
bul l horn components on thei r person at al l
ti mes.
8. High-Intensity Xenon Searchlight
US for ces r equ i r e a r u gged,
l i gh twei gh t, h an d-h el d, h i gh -i n ten s i ty
s potl i gh t for u s e du r i n g l ow-l i gh t
condi ti ons. The uni t must be capabl e of
accepti n g 12 v ol t di r ect cu r r en t (DC)
el ectri cal power and have a l i ght output of
at l eas t 6 mi l l i on can dl epower for a
mi ni mum of 90 mi nutes on a contr actor
suppl i ed r echar geabl e power pack . The
beam shoul d cover a wi de ar ea and be
capabl e of conver gi ng to cover r el ati vel y
smal l ar eas for l ong di stance uses. The
handl e of the portabl e devi ce must contai n
the on/off swi tch and focus contr ol . The
l i ght beam shoul d have capabi l i ty to be
s pr ead at l eas t 35 degr ees for fl ood
appl i cati ons and narrowed to a 3 degree or
l ess pi npoi nt spot. The l i ght must have a
pu l s e-s tr obe capabi l i ty to cr eate a
tempor ar y dazzl i ng effect that does not
cause per manent i mpai r ment of vi si on.
Addi ti onal l y, the l i ght must be equi pped
wi th an 830 nanometer i nfrared (I R) fi l ter
for use wi th i mage-i ntensi fyi ng devi ces.
9. Disposable, Double, Restraining
Wrist/Forearm/Ankle Cuff
US for ces r equ i r e a mean s of
r es tr ai n i n g an d con tr ol l i n g s u s pects ,
pr i s on er s , an d oth er i n di v i du al s
en cou n ter ed du r i n g oper ati on s . Th e
r estr ai ni ng devi ces need to be di sposabl e,
fl ex i bl e, n on metal l i c, an d of dou bl e
con fi gu r ati on (th at i s , s h ou l d h av e
capabi l i ty to attach to an i ndi vi dual by a
si ngl e wr i st/for ear m/ankl e, and then wi th
the same devi ce to the opposi ng wr i st/
forearm/ankl e, to another suspect, or to an
i nani mate object). The devi ces shoul d be
of suffi ci ent wi dth (approxi matel y 1/2 i nch)
so as not to cause undue physi cal damage
to th e cu ffed i n di v i du al an d h av e th e
capabi l i ty to be i nter l ock ed wi th other
i denti cal cuffs. The devi ces shoul d be bl ack
or l uster l ess i n col or.
10. Buttcuffs
A nyl on or canvas devi ce that attaches
to the butt of the shotgun and hol ds not l ess
than 5 shotgun rounds. The i ntent of the
devi ce i s to make i mmedi atel y avai l abl e a
shotgun r ound of the gunner s choi ce for
chamber i ng wi thout r esor ti ng to the mor e
ti me-consumi ng tacti c of havi ng to pul l the
round from a 25-round pouch.
11. Caltrop
US forces requi re a cal trop devi ce to be
used as a vehi cl e and pedestr i an bar r i er.
A-3
The cal tr op must be capabl e of fl atteni ng
pneumati c ti res and be capabl e of i nfl i cti ng
punctur e wounds to the feet. The devi ce
shoul d be l i ghtwei ght, stackabl e, and so
constructed to nest duri ng storage. Nested,
cal tr ops shoul d occupy no mor e than 15
per cent of thei r depl oyed vol ume. The
cal tr op s h ou l d cau s e i mmedi ate an d
catastr ophi c fai l ur e of pneumati c ti r es.
Addi ti on al l y, th e dev i ce s h ou l d
accommodate depl oyment i n a chai ned
confi gur ati on to for m a connecti ve and
fl exi bl e ser i es. Thi s confi gur ati on cr eates
addi ti onal damage and di sabl ement of
targeted vehi cl es by wrappi ng around and
r eattacki ng an encounter ed ti r e.
12. Individual OC Dispenser With Carrier
The r equi r ement exi sts to pr ovi de the
i ndi vi dual sol di er s, sai l or s, ai r men, and
mari ne the capabi l i ty to defend themsel ves
at ranges not l ess than 10 ft wi th a hi ghl y
portabl e OC di spenser. The di spenser may
contai n onl y food-gr ade i r r i tants and may
n ot u s e fl ammabl e or ozon e depl eti n g
propel l ants. A Materi al Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) and documentati on ver i fyi ng that
al l i n gr edi en ts ar e food an d dr u g
admi ni str ati on (FDA) appr oved must be
suppl i ed wi th the devi ce. The di spenser
shoul d not exceed a capaci ty of 4 ounces
(oz), must project a bal l i sti c stream vi ce an
aerosol i zed spray, and must contai n not l ess
than 10, 1/2-second bursts. Each i ndi vi dual
di spenser must i ncl ude a protecti ve safety
cover that encl oses the actuator proper and
al l ows for attachi ng the di spenser to the
mar i nes combat cl othi ng or equi pment.
Each uni t shoul d be i ndi vi dual l y seri al i zed
for qual i ty control tracki ng.
13. Team OC Dispenser With Carrier
The r equi r ement exi sts to pr ovi de an
i ndi vi dual mari ne the capabi l i ty to defend
hi msel f or hersel f and members of the team
or squad from noncombatants at ranges not
l ess than 20 ft wi th a hi ghl y por tabl e OC
di spenser. The di spenser may contai n onl y
food-gr ade i r r i tan ts an d may n ot u s e
fl ammabl e or ozone depl eti ng pr opel l ants.
A MSDS and documentati on veri fyi ng that
al l i ngredi ents are FDA approved must be
suppl i ed wi th the devi ce. The di spenser
must project a bal l i sti c stream rather than
an aer osol i zed spr ay, and i t must contai n
enough OC materi al (not more than 20 oz)
to yi el d at l east 20 1/2-second bur sts.
I ndi vi dual di spenser s shoul d have a pul l -
r i n g ty pe s afety pi n th at en abl es th e
di spensi ng of contents. Each uni t shoul d
be i ndi vi dual l y seri al i zed for qual i ty control
tr acki ng.
14. High Volume Output, High Capacity
OC Dispenser
US forces requi re an OC di spenser that
has a greater range and capaci ty than the
n omi n al aer os ol u n i ts s u ppl i ed for
i ndi vi dual use. The uni ts effecti ve r ange
shoul d be at l east 25 ft vi a a bal l i sti c stream
r ath er th an an aer os ol i zed s pr ay an d
contai n enough OC materi al (not more than
50 oz) to yi el d approxi matel y 25 hal f-second
bur sts. The di spenser may contai n onl y
food-gr ade i r r i tan ts an d may n ot u s e
fl ammabl e or ozone depl eti ng pr opel l ants.
A MSDS and documentati on veri fyi ng that
al l i ngredi ents are FDA approved must be
s u ppl i ed wi th th e dev i ce. I n di v i du al
di spenser s shoul d have a pul l -r i ng type
safety pi n that enabl es the di spensi ng of
contents. Each uni t shoul d be i ndi vi dual l y
seri al i zed for qual i ty control tracki ng. The
di spenser shoul d be factor y r efi l l abl e.
15. Inert Individual OC Canister
US for ces r equi r e i ner t cani ster s for
fami l i ari zati on and trai ni ng purposes. The
devi ces shoul d emul ate the l i ve r ound i n
al l respects; however, they shoul d be l oaded
wi th a noni r r i tant, nontoxi c for mul ati on
payl oad. Safety r el ease, r ange, di sper sal
patter n , wei gh t an d bal an ce, v ol u me
content, and number of shots per i ner t
devi ce shoul d match those of l i ve r ounds.
The devi ces shoul d be promi nentl y marked
wi th content and shoul d be rechargeabl e at
the uni t l evel . I t i s al so desi r ed that the
A-4
devi ces contai n a nontoxi c, water -sol ubl e
mar ker to al l ow i mmedi ate feedback on
content del i ver y to tar get.
16. Inert Team OC Canister
US for ces r equ i r e i n er t team OC
cani ster s for fami l i ar i zati on and tr ai ni ng
purposes. The devi ces shoul d emul ate the
l i ve r ound i n al l r espects; however, they
s h ou l d be l oaded wi th a n on i r r i tan t,
n on tox i c for mu l ati on pay l oad. Safety
r el ease, r ange, di sper sal patter n, wei ght
and bal ance, vol ume content, and number
of shots per i ner t devi ce shoul d match
those of l i ve r ounds. The devi ces shoul d
be pr omi nentl y mar ked wi th content and
shoul d be rechargeabl e at the uni t l evel . I t
i s al so desi r ed that the devi ces contai n a
nontoxi c, water -sol ubl e mar ker to al l ow
i mmedi ate feedback on content del i very to
tar get.
17. Inert High Volume Output, High
Capacity OC Canister
US for ces r equi r e i ner t hi gh vol ume
output, hi gh capaci ty OC cani ster s for
fami l i ari zati on and trai ni ng purposes. The
devi ces shoul d emul ate the l i ve r ound i n
al l respects; however, they shoul d be l oaded
wi th a noni r r i tant, nontoxi c for mul ati on
payl oad. Safety r el ease, r ange, di sper sal
patter n , wei gh t an d bal an ce, v ol u me
content, and number of shots per i ner t
devi ce shoul d match those of l i ve r ounds.
The devi ces shoul d be promi nentl y marked
wi th content and shoul d be rechargeabl e at
the uni t l evel . I t i s al so desi r ed that the
devi ces contai n a nontoxi c, water -sol ubl e
mar ker to al l ow i mmedi ate feedback on
content del i ver y to tar get.
18. 12-Gauge Shotgun
Thi s i tem wi l l be r edi str i buted wi thi n
th e Mar i n e Cor ps by th e comman der,
Mari ne Corps Systems Command, to meet
th e r equ i r ed n u mber of weapon s per
capabi l i ty set i n each MEF.
19. Double Zero (00) Buckshot
US for ces car r yi ng the 12-ga shotgun
requi re a 00 Buckshot-l oaded 12-ga shotgun
car tr i dge as a backup l ethal capabi l i ty to
thei r nonl ethal muni ti ons. A standard DOD
or l aw enfor cement agency (LEA) i ssue
r ound wi l l ful fi l l the r equi r ement.
20. 12-Gauge Flexible Baton Standard
Bean Bag Round
US forces requi re a cartri dge fi red from
the 12-ga shotgun contai ni ng a l ead shot
fi l l ed fabr i c bag. The r ound pr ovi des a
capabi l i ty to s tu n i n di v i du al s wi th ou t
penetrati ng the body. The l ead shot fi l l ed
fabri c bag del i vers a strong bl ow to the body
an d momen tar i l y s tu n s th e s u bj ect.
I ncl usi on of a marki ng dye woul d al l ow the
i denti fi cati on of the tar geted i ndi vi dual
after the engagement i s over. The r ound
shoul d have a vel oci ty at the muzzl e of 300
ft per second (fps). The di ameter of the
expanded fabri c bag shoul d be 2 i nches. The
r ou n d s h ou l d h av e di men s i on s of a
2 3/4-i nch l ong standard 12-ga shel l . The
rounds shoul d be promi nentl y marked wi th
type of round. The marki ngs shoul d be both
physi cal and vi sual to ai d determi nati on of
r ound type i n l ow-l i ght condi ti ons.
21. 12 Gauge Rubber, Fin Stabilized
Round
US forces requi re a 12-ga fi n stabi l i zed
r u bber pr oj ecti l e r ou n d for u s e i n
contr ol l i ng and di s per s i ng cr owds and
subdui ng i ndi vi dual s. The projecti l e shoul d
wei gh appr ox i matel y 0.2 oz an d be
con tai n ed i n a 12-ga s h otgu n s h el l
appr oxi matel y 2.5 i nches i n l ength. The
muzzl e vel oci ty shoul d be 500 fps, to yi el d
a maxi mum range of 250 ft and a maxi mum
effecti ve range of 100 ft. Fi n stabi l i zati on
i s r equi r ed to assur e a suffi ci entl y smal l
ci r cul ar er r or pr obabl e (CEP) to al l ow
s u cces s fu l en gagemen t of a par ti cu l ar
i ndi vi dual at maxi mum effecti ve r anges.
The rounds shoul d be promi nentl y marked
wi th type of round. The marki ngs shoul d
A-5
be both ph y s i cal an d v i s u al to ai d
deter mi nati on of r ound type i n l ow-l i ght
condi ti ons.
22. 12-Gauge Inert (Training) Round
US for ces r equ i r e an i n er t 12-ga
s tan dar d s h otgu n r ou n d for tr ai n i n g
purposes. The i nert rounds shoul d match
th os e of s tan dar d 00 bu ck s h ot-l oaded
rounds i n al l respects except l i ve propel l ant
an d pr i mer. Th e r ou n ds s h ou l d be
pr omi nentl y mar ked wi th type of r ound.
The marki ngs shoul d be physi cal and vi sual
to ai d determi nati on of round type i n l ow-
l i ght condi ti ons.
23. 12-Gauge Launching Cartridge
US for ces r equ i r e a 12-ga bl an k /
l aunchi ng cartri dge to propel grenades and
other speci al ty submuni ti ons. The bl ank
muni ti ons wi l l be used i n conjuncti on wi th
the appr opr i ate l aunchi ng cup (separ atel y
des cr i bed bel ow) to pr opel s peci fi c
gr en ades . Compati bi l i ty between th e
l aunchi ng cartri dge, the l aunchi ng cups, the
speci fi c gr enade(s) to be pr ocur ed and the
Mar i n e Cor ps s tan dar d 12-ga s h otgu n
shoul d be assur ed. The r ounds shoul d be
The marki ngs shoul d be physi cal and vi sual
to ai d determi nati on of round type i n l ow-
l i ght condi ti ons. The overal l l ength of the
bl ank car tr i dge shoul d be 2 i nches. The
wei gh t s h ou l d be 0.5 oz an d i t s h ou l d
contai n 4.2 oz of propel l ant.
24. 12-Gauge Launching Cup
A 12-ga l aunchi ng cup i s r equi r ed to
pr opel s peci fi c gr en ades s epar atel y
des cr i bed. Compati bi l i ty between th e
l au n ch i n g cu ps , l au n ch i n g car tr i dge,
speci fi c grenade(s) to be procured, and the
Mar i n e Cor ps s tan dar d 12-ga s h otgu n
shoul d be assur ed. The gr enades to be
l au n ch ed u s i n g th i s con fi gu r ati on ar e
si mi l ar i n al l r espects to the Number 15
seri es. Bl ank muni ti ons (descri bed above)
wi l l be u s ed i n con j u n cti on wi th th e
l aunchi ng cup. I t shoul d be durabl e, rust
r esi stant, and r esi stant to defor mati on
caused by dr oppi ng, hi tti ng and r ol l i ng,
and other combat tasks. The mechani sm
for attachi ng to and detachi ng fr om the
shotgun bar r el shoul d be uncompl i cated
and r equi r e onl y si mpl e tool s i n the fi el d.
Th e capabi l i ty to fi r e ei th er l eth al or
nonl ethal r ounds wi th the shotgun whi l e
th e l au n ch er cu p i s attach ed mu s t be
r etai n ed. Th e l au n ch i n g cu p di ameter
shoul d be 3.3 i nches wi th an overal l l ength
of 7.25 i nches. I ts wei ght shoul d be l ess
than 9 oz.
25. 25 Round, 12-Gauge Shell Pouch
Thi s i tem must pr ovi de a means of
carryi ng up to 25 12-ga shotgun rounds and
must securel y attach to the mari nes combat
gear or cl othi ng. I t shoul d be made of
hi ghl y dur abl e mater i al and be col or ed
ei ther green or bl end wi th the col or of the
woodl and uni for m. The pouch must be
easi l y accessi bl e. I ts car r y shoul d not
i nterfere wi th the i ndi vi dual mari ne i n the
conduct of combat tasks.
26. 40mm Foam Rubber Baton
Round
US forces requi re a rubber baton-fi l l ed,
40mm car tr i dge to pr ov i de s tan doff
capabi l i ty i n crowd control si tuati ons. The
car tr i dge s h ou l d con tai n th r ee r u bber
batons i n a 40mm car tr i dge case, l ength
4 5/16 i nches and 1 1/2 i nches di ameter. The
propel l ant shoul d be smokel ess to mi ni mi ze
the foul i ng of weapons systems. Muzzl e
vel oci ty shoul d be 325 fps. The r ounds
shoul d be pr omi nentl y mar ked wi th type
of r ound. The mar ki ngs shoul d be both
27. 40mm Wooden Baton Round
US for ces r equi r e a wooden baton-
fi l l ed, 40mm cartri dge for use i n control l i ng
an d di s per s i n g cr owds an d s u bdu i n g
i ndi vi dual s. The car tr i dge shoul d contai n
A-6
3 har dwood batons i n a 40mm car tr i dge
case wi th a l ength of 4.8 i n. The propel l ant
s h ou l d be s mok el es s to mi n i mi ze th e
foul i ng of weapons systems. The projecti l e
shoul d have a muzzl e vel oci ty of 260 fps to
yi el d a maxi mum range of 100 yards and a
maxi mum effecti ve r ange of 50 yar ds i n
ski p fi r e mode. These r ounds ar e not
i n ten ded for di r ect fi r e at tar geted
i n di v i du al s . Th e r ou n ds s h ou l d be
The marki ngs shoul d be both physi cal and
vi sual to ai d deter mi nati on of r ound type
i n l ow-l i ght condi ti ons.
28. 40mm Stinger Cartridge
US forces requi re a capabi l i ty to fi re a
di str acti on r ound fr om the 40mm M203
gr enade l auncher to di sper se thr eateni ng
crowds, mobs, or to control i ndi vi dual s who
are resi sti ng arrest or fai l i ng to heed cal l s
to or der. Th e r ou n d s h ou l d h av e a
maxi mum range of 100 ft. Thi s wi l l extend
the capabi l i ty to control or di stract crowds
at r an ges bey on d th os e wh i ch can be
achi eved wi th hand thr own devi ces. The
r ound shoul d contai n, as submuni ti ons,
approxi matel y 24 rubber bal l s of an average
60 cal i ber. Th e pr opel l an t s h ou l d be
s mok el es s to mi n i mi ze th e fou l i n g of
weapons systems. I ni ti al vel oci ty of the
rubber bal l s at di spersal shoul d be 325 fps.
The maxi mum effecti ve range of the rubber
bal l s at di sper sal i s a r adi us of 50 ft. An
i ndi vi dual r ound shoul d have a di ameter
of 1.5 i nches wi th a l ength of 4.8 i nches.
Wei ght shoul d be approxi matel y 4 oz. The
rounds shoul d be promi nentl y marked wi th
type of round. The marki ngs shoul d be both
29. 40mm Carrying Pouch
Because the cur r ent M203 gr enade
l oad-bear i ng vest i s i l l sui ted for car r yi ng
nonl ethal 40mm muni ti ons, a separ ate
pouch i s requi red. Thi s i tem must provi de
a means of carryi ng not l ess than si x 40mm
nonl ethal rounds and must securel y attach
to the mari nes combat gear or cl othi ng. I t
shoul d be made of hi ghl y durabl e materi al
and be col or ed ei ther gr een or col or ed to
bl en d wi th th e col or of th e woodl an d
u n i for m. Th e pou ch mu s t be eas i l y
accessi bl e and shoul d not i nterfere wi th the
mari nes conduct of combat tasks.
30. Sting Ball Grenade
US for ces r equi r e a hand-hel d, hand-
thrown grenade that di sperses rubber bal l s,
produces a l oud report, and a bri ght fl ash
of l i ght. The grenade must have a 1-second
fuse del ay. The r ubber spher es ar e to be
di spersed i n a radi al pattern wi th an i ni ti al
vel oci ty of 700 fps. Thi s grenade shoul d al so
be capabl e of bei n g l au n ch ed fr om a
s tan dar d Mar i n e Cor ps 12-ga s h otgu n
equi pped wi th the 12-ga l aunchi ng cup
attachment and 12-ga l aunchi ng cartri dge.
The gr enade components, par ti cul ar l y the
spoon, shoul d be durabl e, rust resi stant,
and r esi stant to defor mati on caused by
dr oppi ng, hi tti ng and r ol l i ng, and other
combat tasks.
31. Inert Sting Ball Grenade
US for ces r equi r e an i ner t sti ng bal l
gr enade for fami l i ar i zati on and tr ai ni ng
purposes. The i nert rounds shoul d match
the char acter i sti cs of the l i ve sti ng bal l
grenade rounds i n al l respects, except that
they wi l l be nonexpl osi ve. Pr acti ce fuses
s i mi l ar to th os e common l y u s ed wi th
trai ni ng fragmentati on grenades woul d be
appr opr i ate to pr ovi de r eal i sti c tr ai ni ng.
The i ner t sti ng bal l gr enades shoul d be
pr omi nentl y mar ked i ner t to di sti ngui sh
them from l i ve sti ng bal l grenades.
32. Diversionary Device, Hand Thrown
For di ver si onar y pur poses, US for ces
r equ i r e a l ow h azar d, n on s h r apn el -
pr odu ci n g dev i ce wh i ch pr odu ces an
i ntense fl ash of l i ght and an extremel y l oud
r epor t wi th a mi ni mal amount of smoke.
The devi ces are requi red to provi de a l ess-
than-l ethal means of temporari l y dazzl i ng,
A-7
dazi ng, and subdui ng targeted i ndi vi dual s
or groups before they can i njure themsel ves
or others. The i ntense fl ash i s i ntended to
cause tempor ar y bl i ndi ng effects wi th no
permanent damage to the reti na. The l oud
r epor t i s i n ten ded to cr eate a s en s or y
ov er l oad wh i ch gr eatl y di mi n i s h es an
adversarys abi l i ty to effecti vel y react. The
di ver si onar y devi ce shoul d be equi pped
wi th a safety pul l ri ng, a safety rel ease l ever,
and a del ay befor e fi nal acti on of at l east
1.0 seconds. The devi ce shoul d not produce
enough smoke to i nter fer e wi th achi evi ng
mi s s i on obj ecti v es or pr odu ce an y
substanti al fragmentati on. I t shoul d have
a l ow pr obabi l i ty of i ni ti ati ng uni ntended
fi re. The report shoul d not be greater than
185 dB at 5 ft and the l i ght l evel at same
di stance shoul d be 2.0 mi l l i on candel a or
gr eater. I t i s al so desi r ed that the devi ce
be compati bl e wi th the l aunchi ng cup and
l aunchi ng car tr i dge, separ atel y descr i bed,
as wel l as wi th the Mari ne Corps standard
12-ga shotgun.
33. Sting Ball Grenade/Flash Bang
Pouch
Thi s i tem shoul d hol d up to 6 sti ng bal l
grenades or 6 fl ash bangs and must securel y
attach to the mar i nes combat gear or
cl othi ng. I t s houl d be made of hi ghl y
dur abl e mater i al and be col or ed ei ther
green or col ored to bl end wi th the col or of
the woodl and uni form. The pouch must be
easi l y accessi bl e. I ts car r y shoul d not
i nter fer e wi th the mar i nes conduct of
combat tasks.
B-1
Appendix B
SPECIALTY IMPACT MUNITIONS
Fi gures B-1 through B-11 are the Defense Technol ogy product speci fi cati on l i sti ngs of the
muni ti ons i ncl uded i n the Mari ne Corps capabi l i ti es ki t. All specifications are averages.
Defense Technol ogy i s not the onl y producer of nonl ethal rounds. To reduce the possi bi l i ty
of seri ous i njury or death, the fol l owi ng standards of empl oyment are recommended:
Figure B-1. No. 15-Stinger Team Grenade
Constructi on ........................................ Rubber bal l grenade body
Diameter .............................................. 3.1 i n (7.9 cm)
Length ................................................. 5.2 i n (1 3.2 cm)
Projecti l es ............................................ 1 80 rubber bal l s (approx)
Total Wei ght ........................................ 9.65 oz (273.6 g)
Launchabl e .......................................... Yes
Expl osi ve Content ................................ 13.55 g
Submuni ti on Speci fi cati ons:
Caliber ................................................. 32
Pel l et Hardness ................................... 75 durometer "A" scal e
Expl osi ve Wei ght ................................. 0.28 oz (7.9 g)
Fol l owi ng the fuse operati on, a 1-second del ay separates the fuse assembl y from the body wi th l i ttl e
or no vel oci ty. There i s an addi ti onal 1-second del ay before charge detonates. Rubber bal l s are then
di spersed i n a ci rcul ar pattern of approxi matel y 50 ft. Thi s devi ce may be l aunched. Thi s devi ce i s
l aunchabl e from a 12-ga shotgun uti l i zi ng the No. 34 l aunchi ng cup and the No. 35 l aunchi ng
cartri dge. As noted i n the operati on secti on, the fuse assembl y separates from the grenade body before
detonati on. When l aunchi ng the No. 15 sti nger grenade, consi derati on shoul d be gi ven to the free
fai l i ng fuse assembl y potenti al l y stri ki ng an i ndi vi dual .
B-2
37/40mm - Desi gned for use i n the M203
Diameter .............................................. 1.5 i n (37/40mm)
Length ................................................. 4.8 i n (12.2 cm)
Projecti l es ............................................ 3 foam rubber batons
Total Wei ght ........................................ 3.85 oz (1 I O g)
Velocity ................................................ 300 fps (average)
Maxi mum Range ................................. 100 ft (30.5m)
Maxi mum Effecti ve Range .................. 50 ft (1 5.2m)
Length ................................................. 1.5 i n (3.8 cm) each
Diameter .............................................. 1.5 i n (3.8 cm) each
Material ............................................... Foam rubber
Weight ................................................. 0.60 oz (17 g) each
At di stances of l ess than 20 ft, extreme cauti on shoul d be exerci sed due to the hi gh possi bi l i ty of a
fatal outcome.
At di stances of 20 to 40 ft, the tar get ar ea shoul d be center mass.
Trai ni ng shoul d rei nforce that headshots are NOT ACCEPTABLE.
Thi s round wi l l not be ski p-fi red. Once stri ki ng a hard object, thi s round becomes unpredi ctabl e.
Thi s round i s effecti ve for the di sbursement of i ndi vi dual s i n crowd control or ci vi l di sturbance
si tuati ons and agai nst subjects who offer vi ol ent resi stance.
Figure B-2. No. 4OF-Foam Rubber Multiple Baton Round
B-3
12-Gauge
Diameter .............................................. 12-ga
Length ................................................. 2.6 i n (6.6 cm)
Projecti l e ............................................. 1 si ngl e bean bag
Total Wei ght ........................................ 1.79 oz (59 g)
Size ...................................................... 2x2 i n square
Material ............................................... Heavy cordurag nyl on fi l l ed wi th
#9 shot
Weight ................................................. 1.44 oz (41.0 g)
At di stances of l ess than 20 ft, extreme cauti on shoul d be exerci sed because of the hi gh possi bi l i ty
of a fatal outcome.
Trai ni ng needs to rei nforce that headshots are NOT ACCEPTABLE.
Thi s round i s extremel y effecti ve agai nst i ndi vi dual l y sel ected targets or subjects who demonstrate
vi ol ence or aggressi on. I t i s al so effecti ve for the di sbursement of i ndi vi dual s i n crowd control or ci vi l
di sturbance si tuati ons and agai nst subjects who offer vi ol ent resi stance.
Figure B-3. No. 23BR-Bean Bag Round
B-4
12-Gauge
Diameter .............................................. 12-ga
Length ........................................................ 2.6 in (6.6 cm)
Projecti l es ............................................ 12 rubber bal l s (approx.)
Total Wei ght ........................................ 0.56 oz (16 g)
Maxi mum Range ................................. 125 ft (38m)
Maxi mum Effecti ve Range .................. 60 ft (18.3m)
Caliber ................................................. 32
Material ............................................... PVC rubber compound
Hardness ............................................. 75 durometer "A" scal e
Weight ................................................. 0.01 oz (0.25 g) each
At di stances of l ess than 20 ft, extreme cauti on shoul d be exerci sed due to the hi gh possi bi l i ty of a
fatal outcome.
Thi s round wi l l not be ski p-fi red. Once stri ki ng a hard object, thi s round becomes unpredi ctabl e. I t
i s effecti ve for the di sbursement of i ndi vi dual s i n crowd control or ci vi l di sturbance si tuati ons and
agai nst subjects who offer vi ol ent resi stance. Thi s round i s best used agai nst subjects l i ghtl y
dressed, as wi nter cl othi ng or paddi ng may absorb most of the effect of the muni ti on.
Figure B-4. No. 23HV-Rubber Pellet Round High Velocity
B-5
12-Gauge
Diameter .............................................. 12-ga
Length ................................................. 2.6 i n (6.6 cm)
Projecti l e ............................................. 1 si ngl e wooden baton
Total Wei ght ........................................ 0.56 oz (16 g)
Maxi mum Range ................................. 100 yds(91.4m)
Maxi mum Effecti ve Range .................. 60 yd (55m)
Length ................................................. 0.92 i n (2.3 cm)
Diameter .............................................. 0.62 i n (1.6 cm)
Material ............................................... Hardwood
Weight ................................................. 0.11 oz (3.0 g)
These rounds are desi gned for ski p fi re as opposed to di rect fi re and perform successful l y from 10 yd
to 50 yd. Performance wi l l vary dependi ng on angl es of defl ecti on and surface materi al and densi ty
(for exampl e, grass versus concrete).
When rounds are ski p-fi red consi derati on shoul d be gi ven to the angl e of defl ecti on as to ensure the
round i s stri ki ng the l ower extremi ti es.
Figure B-5. No. 23WB-Single Wood Baton Round
B-6
Diameter .............................................. 1.5 i n (37/40mm)
Length ................................................. 4.8 i n (12.2 cm)
Projecti l es ............................................ 24 rubber bal l s (approx)
Total Wei ght ........................................ 4.10 oz (117 g)
Caliber ................................................. 60
Material ............................................... Rubber
Weight ................................................. 0.08 oz (2.25 g) each
At di stances of l ess than 20 ft, extreme cauti on shoul d be exerci sed because of the hi gh possi bi l i ty of
a fatal outcome.
si tuati ons and agai nst subjects who offer vi ol ent resi stance. Thi s round i s best used agai nst subjects
l i ghtl y dressed, as wi nter cl othi ng or paddi ng may absorb most of the effect of the muni ti on.
Figure B-6. No. 40B-Stinger Team Round
B-7
12-Gauge
Diameter .............................................. 12-ga
Length ................................................. 2.6 i n (6.6 cm)
Projecti l es ............................................ 15 rubber bal l s (approx)
Muni ti on Wei ght ................................. 0. 5 oz (1 4.5 g)
Caliber ................................................. 32
Material ............................................... Rubber
Weight ................................................. 0.01 oz (0.3 g) each
a fatal outcome.
Thi s r ound wi l l not be ski p-fi r ed. Once str i ki ng a har d object, thi s r ound
becomes unpredi ctabl e.
si tuati ons and agai nst subjects who offer vi ol ent resi stance. Thi s round i s best used agai nst subjects
l i ghtl y dressed, as wi nter cl othi ng or paddi ng may absorb most of the effect of the muni ti on.
Figure B-7. No. 23RP-Rubber Pellet Round
B-8
Diameter .............................................. 1.5 i n (37/40mm)
Length ................................................. 4.8 i nches (12.2 cm)
Projecti l es ............................................ 3 wood batons
Total Wei ght ........................................ 4.6 oz (130 g)
Maxi mum Range ................................. 100 yd (91.4m)
Maxi mum Effecti ve Range .................. 50 yd (45.7m) ski p-fi red
Length ................................................. 1.35 i n (3.4 cm) each
Material ............................................... Hardwood
Weight ................................................. 0.77 oz (22.0 g) each
a fatal outcome.
Figure B-8. No. 4OW-Wood Multiple Baton Round
B-9
Diameter .............................................. 1.5 i n (37/40mm)
Length ................................................. 4.8 i n (12.2 cm)
Projecti l es ............................................ 175 Rubber Bal l s (approx)
Total Wei ght ........................................ 4.10 oz (117 g)
Caliber ................................................. 32
Material ............................................... Rubber
Weight ................................................. 0.01 oz (0.3 g) each
At di stances of l ess than 20 ft, extreme cauti on shoul d be exerci sed because of the hi gh possi bi l i ty
of a fatal outcome.
si tuati ons and agai nst subjects who offer vi ol ent resi stance. Thi s round i s best used agai nst
subjects l i ghtl y dressed, as wi nter cl othi ng or paddi ng may absorb most of the effect of the
muni ti on.
Figure B-9. No. 40A-Stinger Team Round
B-10
12-Gauge (Aeri al Di stracti on)
Diameter .............................................. 12-ga
Length ................................................. 3.0 i n (7.6 cm)
Range ................................................... 55 yd approx (50.2m)
Report .................................................. 100 dB @ 50 yd
Expl osi ve Content ................................ 1 g
Thi s 12-ga muni ti on i s desi gned for use as an outsi de aeri al di stracti on. Thi s round i s extremel y
effecti ve i n di verti ng attenti on away from an approach or entry, by depl oyi ng overhead, beyond
i ndi vi dual s or crowds or to the far si de of bui l di ngs.
Notes: The No. 23FB round i s not i ntended or desi gned to be used as a barri cade penetrati ng
round. Thi s round shoul d not be di rect fi red at personnel .
Figure B-10. No. 23FB-Diversionary Device
B-11
12-Gauge
Diameter .............................................. 12-ga
Length ................................................. 2.5 i n (6.4 cm)
Projecti l e ............................................. 1 rubber projecti l e
Total Wei ght ........................................ 0.54 oz (15.5 g)
Expl osi ve Content: ............................... 0.52 g
Caliber ................................................. 12-ga
Length ................................................. 1.7 i n (4.3 cm)
Material ............................................... Rubber
Weight ................................................. 0.2 oz (5.8 g)
a fatal outcome.
Thi s round i s effecti ve for the di spersi on of crowds. I t i s al so effecti ve for the di sbursement of
i ndi vi dual s i n crowd control or ci vi l di sturbance si tuati ons and agai nst subjects who offer vi ol ent
resi stance
Figure B-11. No. 23FS-Rubber Fin Stabilized Round
C-1
Appendix C
NONLETHAL INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS INSTRUCTOR COURSE
Thi s appendi x pr ovi des an over vi ew
of th e Non l eth al I n di v i du al Weapon s
I nstructor Course (NI WI C). NI WI C i s a
trai n the trai ner course taught i n 12 sub-
cour ses. Secti on I pr ov i des NI WI C
des cr i pti v e data th at i n cl u des th e
pu r pos e, s cope, peaceti me, an d
mobi l i zati on tr ai n i n g r equ i r emen ts ,
student pr er equi si tes, and equi pment/
ammuni ti on requi rements to successful l y
compl ete the cour se. Secti on I I l i sts the
total trai ni ng days and hours requi red per
academi c subcour se. Secti on I I I gi ves a
detai l ed descri pti on of each sub-course and
ter mi nal l ear ni ng obj ecti ves that each
student must meet to compl ete the course.
Secti on I V i s a l i sti ng of 12 annexes that
compri se the NI WI C POI . Addi ti onal l y, the
enti r e NI WI C wi th hi stor y, updates, and
l es s on pl an s can be acces s ed at
http://www.ftmc-marine.army.mil/.
SECTION I - NIWIC DESCRIPTIVE DATA
COURSE DESCRIPTION
1. Cour se Ti tl e: Nonl ethal I ndi vi dual Weapons I nstr uctor Cour se
2. Locati on: Mi l i tary Pol i ce School , Ft McCl el l an, Al abama
3. Mari ne Corps Servi ce: TBD
School Code:
4. Other Servi ce Course Number: TBD
5. Mi l i tary Assi stance: N/A
Program Arti cl es and Servi ce Li st Number:
6. Pur pose: To cer ti fy sel ected mar i nes/sol di er s as nonl ethal i ndi vi dual weapons
i nstr uctor s.
7. Scope: Thi s course i s desi gned to trai n mari nes/sol di ers i n the tasks necessary
to perform duti es as nonl ethal i ndi vi dual weapons i nstructors. Thi s course i s
pri mari l y desi gned for 58XX/85XX NCOs, SNCOs, and offi cers. Combat arms MOSs
can be trai ned al so.
8. Length (Peaceti me) 14.5 trai ni ng days
9. Cur r i cul um Br eakdown (Peaceti me) 116.5 total hours
44 hour s l ectur e/demonstr ati ons
65.5 hours practi ce appl i cati on
5.0 hours wri tten exams
2.0 hours admi ni strati ve hours
C-2
10. Length (Mobi l i zati on): Same as Peaceti me
11. Curri cul um Breakdown (Mobi l i zati on): Same as Peaceti me
12. Maxi mum Cl ass Capaci ty: 20
13. Opti mum Cl ass Capaci ty: 15
14. Mi ni mum Cl ass Capaci ty: 5
15. Cl ass Fr equency: 8
16. Prerequi si tes: Students must be sel ected by commanders or provost marshal s
as nonl ethal i ndi vi dual weapons i nstr uctor s.
17. MOS Recei ved: 5816 (secondary)
18. Quota Control : CMC/DA
19. Fundi ng: CMC/DA/Local
20. Reporti ng I nstructi ons: Mari ne students report wi th orders to the
commandi ng offi cer, Mari ne Corps Detachment, Bui l di ng 1602, Ft McCl el l an,
Al abama, no l ater than 2400 on the day pri or to cl ass conveni ng. No quarters or
messi ng are avai l abl e for SNCOs or offi cers.
21. I nstructor Staffi ng: Two addi ti onal 5811 SNCOs are requi red. Requi rements,
cur r ent staffi ng i s not adequate to conduct thi s course.
22. School Overhead: Addi ti onal overhead wi l l be necessary for l i ve fi re trai ni ng,
handouts, and trai ni ng ai ds.
23. Trai ni ng Support: Al l trai ni ng and admi ni strati ve support wi l l be provi ded by
the Mari ne Corps Detachment, Ft McCl el l an, Al abama.
COURSE DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
C-3
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
Item Quantity
Ri ot Face Shi el d 30
31 I nch Ri ot Baton w/Bel t Ri ng 30
PR-24 Si de Handl e Baton 30
Str i ki ng Bags 15
25 RNA 12-ga Shel l Pouches 30
Por tabl e Bul l Hor n 2
12-Vol t Hand-Hel d Spotl i ght 2
P250 Water Pump (Fuel ed Powered) 2
Red Man Sui t 1
Ful l Length Ri ot Shi el d 30
Vehi cl e Mounted Sti cky Foam Di spenser 2
Cal tr ops 100
Sandbags 5000
M203 Grenade Launcher 12
Mosburgh 1100 3-I nch Shotgun 6
Benel l i Super 90 Shotgun 6
C-4
CLASS V REQUIREMENTS
Type #Per #Demo Rds Total
Student Per Class Per Class Per Year Total
12-ga OO Buck 5 5 130 1040
12-ga 7 1/5 Shot 5 5 130 1040
12-ga Rubber Pel l et 10 5 250 2000
12-ga Beanbag 10 5 250 2000
12-ga Fl ashbang 5 5 130 1040
12-ga Fi n Stabi l i zed 10 5 250 2000
40mm Sti nger 5 5 130 1040
40mm Mul ti pl e Wood Baton 5 5 130 1040
40mm Foam Baton 5 5 130 1040
#15 Sti nger Grenades 12 4 304 2432
12-ga Sti nger Launcher 12 4 304 2432
MK141 Di ver si on Devi ces 5 2 130 1040
5.56mm (Bal l ) 50 20 1270 10160
C-5
SECTION II - TOTAL TRAINING DAYS
16.5 TRAINING DAYS
Academic Subjects Hours
I nstr uctor Devel opment 8.2
For ce Conti nuum 2.2
Cr owd Dynami cs/Cr owd Contr ol 8.4
Communi cati on Ski l l s 8.0
Ol eor esi n Capsi cum Aer osol Tr ai ni ng 8.0
Open Hand Contr ol 24.0
I mpact Weapons 36.0
I ntr oducti on to Mi l i tar y Wor ki ng Dogs 1.0
ROE/Law of War /Consti tuti onal Sei zur e 2.5
Nonl ethal Muni ti ons and Empl oyment/Li ve Fi r e 12.2
Bar r i er s/Physi cal Secur i ty Measur es 4.0
Tacti cs (Di smounted/Mounted) 4.0
Subtotal 114.5
Administrative Subjects
Student Pr ocessi ng 2.0
Grand Total 116.5
C-6
SECTION III - BODY
PEACETIME/MOBILIZATION - 16.5 TRAINING DAYS
Subject
1. Instructor Development. Thi s subcourse rei nforces the students
i nstr ucti onal capabi l i ti es.
2. Force Continuum. Thi s subcourse i ntroduces the student to the federal force
conti nuum model as outl i ned by MCO 5500.6F, Arming of Law Enforcement and
Security Personnel and the Use of Deadly Force. Upon compl eti on, the student wi l l
be abl e to i nstruct others on the si x l evel s of resi stance, proper l evel s of force, and
factors i nfl uenci ng the deci si on to use force. Addi ti onal l y, students wi l l al so
i nstr uct how nonl ethal technol ogi es affect the for ce conti nuum, pr econdi ti ons of
deadl y force, si x authori zed occasi ons for the use of deadl y force conti nuum, and
the pr oper appl i cati on of for ce.
3. Crowd Dynamics/Crowd Control. Thi s subcourse outl i nes the di fferences
between crowds, mobs, and ri ots and teaches the student basi c crowd control
techni ques that wi l l easi l y be appl i ed to vari ous si tuati ons. Upon compl eti on, the
student wi l l be abl e to i nstruct others i n on the behavi oral aspects of a crowd
duri ng a ci vi l di sturbance, vari ous aspects of control l i ng a ci vi l di sturbance, and
how to form and conduct a ri ot patrol formati ons. The student wi l l be fami l i ari zed
wi th cl assi cal tacti cs and techni ques and wi l l al so consi der nontradi ti onal and
smal l uni t appl i cati on.
4. Communication Skills. Thi s subcourse wi l l teach the student how to i nstruct
other s on i nter per sonal communi cati on ski l l s and techni ques to defuse si tuati ons.
5. Oleoresin Capsicum Aerosol Training. Thi s subcourse wi l l teach the student
how to safel y and thoroughl y i nstruct others to use pepper spray, supervi se proper
empl oyment for trai ni ng and di scuss actual si tuati ons. The student wi l l l earn
decontami nati on r equi r ements, l egal /pol i cy consi der ati ons, and tacti cal
consi der ati ons i mposed by detai nees/casual ti es.
6. Open-Hand Control. Thi s subcourse wi l l teach the student to empl oy
pr essur e poi nt contr ol techni ques, unar med sel f-defense measur es, weapon
r etenti on techni ques, and other submi ssi on/r estr ai nt/sear ch techni ques. Upon
compl eti on, the student wi l l be cer ti fi ed to i nstr uct pr oper open-hand contr ol
techni ques and control of compl i ant and noncompl i ant i ndi vi dual s.
7. Impact Weapons. Thi s subcourse wi l l teach the student i n the uses of vari ous
i mpact styl e weapons (batons) to i ncl ude the ri gi d strai ght baton, col l apsi bl e
strai ght batons, si de handl e batons, and ri ot control batons. Upon compl eti on,
students wi l l be certi fi ed to i nstruct control of compl i ant and noncompl i ant
i ndi vi dual s, proper strai ght baton and si de handl e baton techni ques, and ri ot baton
and shi el d tacti cs.
C-7
8. Introduction to Military Working Dogs. Thi s subcourse wi l l teach the student
how to i nstruct on the rol e of mi l i tary worki ng dogs and the potenti al support
avai l abl e to forces requi ri ng nonl ethal force opti ons. Upon compl eti on, students wi l l
be abl e to i nstruct others on mi l i tary worki ng dogs capabi l i ti es, mi ssi ons, and
l i mi tati ons.
9. Rules of Engagement, Law of War, Constitutional Seizure. Thi s subcourse
wi l l teach the student how to i nstruct standi ng ROE surroundi ng domesti c use of
force to effect a sei zure. Upon compl eti on, students wi l l be abl e to i nstruct others on
the basi c gui del i nes for establ i shi ng uni t rul es of engagement cards that i ncl ude the
use of nonl ethal technol ogi es.
10. Nonlethal Munitions and Employment/Live Fire. Thi s subcourse wi l l teach
the student how to i nstruct the nonl ethal muni ti ons avai l abl e. Students wi l l
parti ci pate i n l i ve fi re exerci ses and upon compl eti on of the course wi l l be abl e to
i nstruct others on the capabi l i ti es and l i mi tati ons of vari ous nonl ethal rounds.
Addi ti onal l y, students wi l l be abl e to conduct l i ve fi re ranges and certi fi cati on of
nonl ethal muni ti ons.
11. Barriers/Physical Security Measures. Thi s subcourse wi l l teach the student
how to i nstruct others on barri ers and physi cal securi ty measures avai l abl e to
tacti cal forces. These measures compl ement the use of nonl ethal force or mi ti gate
the need for deadl y force. Upon compl eti on, the student wi l l be abl e to i nstruct
other s on the pr oper empl oyment of bar r i er s/physi cal secur i ty expedi ents.
12. Tactics (Mounted/Dismounted). Thi s subcourse wi l l teach the student how to
i nstruct others on mounted/di smounted tacti cs as they are rel ated to the use of NLW.
Upon compl eti on, the student wi l l be abl e to i nstruct others on proper tacti cal
empl oyment (mounted and di smounted) and nonl ethal methods to quel l ci vi l
di sturbance. The i nstructor wi l l use trai ni ng tacti cs and actual operati ons scenari os.
Mi l i tary operati on on urbani zed terrai n (MOUT) requi res di fferent tacti cs,
techni ques, and procedures because of the heavi l y bui l t-up envi ronment.
C-8
SECTION IV - ANNEXES
LISTING OF THE ANNEXES FOR EACH SUBCOURSE WITHIN THIS POI
Annexes Title Page No.
A I nstr uctor Devel opment
B For ce Conti nuum
C Cr owd Dynami cs/Cr owd Contr ol
D Communi cati on Ski l l s
E Ol eor esi n Capsi cum Aer osol Tr ai ni ng
F Open-Hand Contr ol
G I mpact Weapons
H I ntr oducti on to Mi l i tar y Wor ki ng Dogs
I Rul es of Engagement, Law of War,
Consti tuti onal Sei zur e
J Nonl ethal Muni ti ons and Empl oyment/Li ve Fi r e
K Bar r i er s/Physi cal Secur i ty Measur es
L Tacti cs (Mounted/Di smounted)
D-1
Appendix D
SAMPLE UNIT TRAINING SCHEDULE
NONLETHAL INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS TRAINING COURSE TRAINING SCHEDULE
TRAINING DAY #1
Time Subject Location Uniform Instructor References/Notes
0800 Admi ni strati on Ti me Cl assroom Ul
0830 I ntroducti on Cl assroom U1
I ntroduce Cadre
Force Conti nuum
Rul es of Engagement
0930 Communi cati ons Ski l l Cl assroom Ul
1100 Noon Chow
1300 Communi cati on Ski l l s Cl assroom Ul
1600 Secure/End of
Duty Day
Administration:
Uni forms:
Ul : BDU/uti l i ty uni form
U2: BDU/uti l i ty uni form wi th LBE/harness and canteens
U3: Uti l i ty uni form wi th LBE/harness, canteens, fl ak jacket, and hel met
U4: Uti l i ty uni form wi th LBE/harness, canteens, fl ak jacket, hel met, and T/O weapon
Transportati on:
Weapons:
Ammuni ti on:
Cl assroom Requi rements:
1. Screen
2. Vi deo show projector wi th central processi ng uni t
3. Tel evi si ons
4. VCR
Mi scel l aneous:
1. Al l personnel are requi red to have a notebook, penci l , and pen.
2. Handouts prepared and passed out
D-2
TRAINING DAY #2
0800 Communi cati on Ski l l s Pl t Areas Ul
Practi cal Appl i cati on
1000 NL Equi pment Bri ef Cl assroom Ul
(Equi pment I denti fi ed
and Expl ai ned)
1100 Noon Chow
1300 Crowd Control I Cl assroom Ul
Crowd Dynami cs
1500 Ri ot Control
Formati ons
1600 Secure/End of
Duty Day
Administration:
Uni forms:
Transportati on:
Weapons:
Ammuni ti on:
Cl assroom Requi rements: Same
Mi scel l aneous:
1. Students are requi red to have a notebook, penci l , and pen.
2. Copi es of equi pment l i st for students.
D-3
TRAINING DAY #3
0800 K-9 Demonstrati on Footbal l Fi el d UI
1000 Ol eoresi n Capsi cum Cl assroom UI
Aerosol Trai ni ng
1100 Noon Chow
1300 Ol eoresi n Capsi cum Cl assroom Ul
Aerosol Trai ni ng
1400 Ol eoresi n Capsi cum TBD UI
Aerosol Trai ni ng
(Practi cal Appl i cati on)
TBD Secure/End of
Duty Day
Administration:
Uni forms:
Transportati on:
Weapons:
(60) Can I NERT OC
(18) Can (MK4) OC
Mi scel l aneous: I NERT OC for cl assroom i nstructi on.
Ammuni ti on:
Cl assroom Requi rements: Same wi th OC trai ni ng requi rements.
(5) Gal vani zed trash cans (wi th l i ners)
(2) Water hoses wi th fresh runni ng water
D-4
TRAINING DAY #4
0800 Open Hand Control Cl assroom U2
Techni ques
0900 Open Hand Control Fi el d U2
Techni ques (Practi cal
Appl i cati on)
1100 Noon Chow
1300 Open Hand Control Fi el d U2
Techni ques (Practi cal
Appl i cati on)
1600 Secure/End of
Duty Day
Administration:
Uni forms:
Transportati on:
Weapons:
Ammuni ti on:
1. Screen
3. Tel evi si ons
4. VCR
5. Overhead projector
6. Trauma chart i n cl assroom and at the trai ni ng area
Mi scel l aneous:
D-5
TRAINING DAY #5
0800 Nonl ethal Muni ti ons Cl assroom Ul
and Empl oyment
1100 Noon Chow
1300 Ri ot Control Pl atoons Fi el d 1 U3 Cl ass wi l l be spl i t
(Ri ot Control Baton i nto ri ot control and
Techni ques) contact pl atoons
Contact Pl atoons Fi el d 2 U3
(Expandabl e Strai ght
Baton Techni ques)
1600 Secure/End of
Duty Day
Administration:
Uni forms:
U2: BDU/uti l i ty uni form wi th/harness and canteens
U3 Uti l i ty uni form wi th LBE/harness, canteens, fl ak jacket, and hel met
Transportati on:
Weapons:
Ammuni ti on:
1. Screen
3. Tel evi si ons
4. VCR
5. Overhead projector
Mi scel l aneous:
D-6
TRAINING DAY #6
CONTACT PLATOONS/M203/Ml200
0800 Movement to Range U4
0830 Range Bri ef/Safety Range U4
Bri ef
0900 Nonl ethal Muni ti ons Range U4
(Li ve Fi re Exerci se)
TBD Noon Chow
TBD Movement to Mai nsi de U4
TBD Weapons Cl eani ng Armory
TBD Secure/End of
Duty Day
CONTACT PLATOONS/ESCORTS RIOT CONTROL PLATOONS
0800 Ri ot Control Cl assroom U1
Formati ons (Revi ew)
0900 Ri ot Control Fi el d U3
Formati ons (Practi cal
Appl i cati on)
1100 Noon Chow
Appl i cati on)
1600 Secure/End of
Duty Day
Administration:
Uni forms:
U2: BDU/uti l i ty uni form wi th/harness and canteens
Transportati on:
Weapons:
Ammuni ti on:
D-7
TRAINING DAY #6 (CONTINUED)
RIOT CONTROL PLATOON/DESIGNATED MARKSMEN
0800 Movement to Range U4
0830 Range Bri ef/Safety Range U4
Bri ef
0900 Desi gnated Marksman Range U4
Trai ni ng and Li ve Fi re
TBD Noon Chow
TBD Movement to Mai nsi de U4
TBD Weapons Cl eani ng Armory
TBD Secure/End of
Duty Day
Administration:
Uni forms
UI : BDU/uti l i ty uni form
Transportati on:
0800 Transportati on to range (M203 and M1200 shooters) () PAX and return.
0800 Movement to range (desi gnated marksmen) () PAX and return.
Weapons: Students wi l l be requi red to have thei r T/O weapons
Ammuni ti on: TBD
Cl assroom Requi rements: Same
D-8
TRAINING DAY #7
0800 Ri ot Control Cl assroom UI
Formati ons Cl assroom
I nstructi on Exerci se
Bri ef
Appl i cati on)
1100 Noon Chow
1300 Barri ers/Physi cal Cl assroom UI
Securi ty
1800 Secure/End of
Duty Day
Administration:
Uni forms:
U1: BDU/uti l i ty uni form
Transportati on:
Weapons:
Ammuni ti on:
1. Screen
3. Tel evi si ons
4. VCR
Mi scel l aneous: Ri ot control formati on PE wi l l be conducted as i ndi vi dual pl atoons and
eventual l y brought together for company si ze formati ons.
D-9
TRAINING DAY #8
0600 Movement to MOUT U4
Faci l i ty
0700 Exerci se Bri ef MOUT U4
0800 Nonl ethal Muni ti ons MOUT U4
Demonstrati on
0900 MOUT Exerci se MOUT U4
TBD Noon Chow
1300 MOUT Exerci se MOUT U4
TBD Eveni ng Chow
TBD Movement to Mai nsi de
TBD Secure/End of
Duty Day
Administration:
Uni forms:
U4: Uti l i ty uni form wi th LBE /harness, canteens, fl ak jacket, hel met, and T/O weapon
Transportati on:
Weapons:
Ammuni ti on:
Cl assroom Requi rements: N/A
D-10
TRAINING DAY #9
TBD MOUT Exerci se MOUT U4
TBD Secure/End of
Duty Day
Administration:
Uni forms:
Transportati on:
Weapons:
Ammuni ti on:
References-1
REFERENCES
Joint
Joi nt Publ i cati on 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
Joi nt Publ i cati on 3-07, J oint Doctrine for Military Operations Other Than War
Joi nt Publ i cati on 3-07.3, J TTP for Peacekeeping Operations
Joi nt Publ i cati on 3-57, Doctrine for J oint Civil Affairs
Joi nt Publ i cati on 3-58, J oint Doctrine for Military Deception
Joi nt Uni versal Lessons Learned System, Operation UNI TED SHI ELD
Multiservice
FM 100-23-1/FMFRP 7-16/NDC TACNOTE 3-07.6/ACCP 50-56/PACAFP 50-56/USAFEP 50-56,
Multiservice Procedures for Humanitarian Assistance Operations
Army
FM 19-10, Military Police Law and Order Operations
FM 19-15, Civil Disturbances
FM 27-10, The Law of Land Warfare
FM 100-5, Operations
TRADOC Pamphl et 525-5 Force XXl Operati ons, A Concept for the Evolution of Full
Dimensional Operations for the Strategic Army of the Twenty-First Century
TRADOC Pamphl et 525-57, (S) U.S. Army Operational Concept for Operations in a Directed
Energy Environment (U)
TRADOC Pamphl et 525-73, Nonlethal Capabilities in Army Operations
Marine Corp
I MEF FMF, After Action Report United Shield, 7 Jun 95
FMFM 1-3, MCDP 1-3 Tactics
FMFM 6, MCDP 6 Command and Control
MOC 5500.6F, Arming of Law Enforcement and Security Personnel and the Use of Deadly Force
References-2
Navy
NWP 1-14M, Commander's Handbook on Law of Naval Operations
Air Force
AFI 31-202, Military Working Dog Program
AFM 31-202,
Other
DODD 5100.77, DOD Law of War Program
DODD 3000.3, Policy for Nonlethal Weapons,
Bl ack, Stephen, Non-Weapons Systems: The potential impact of new technologies on Low
I ntensity Conflicts, Ri dgeway Vi ewpoi nts, Matthew B. Ri dgeway Center for I nternati onal
Securi ty Studi es, No. 93-9, 1993
DA, HQDA, SARD-TL/SC, Non-Lethal Arms (Disabling Systems), A System Description and
Assessment of possible Army Alternatives, D. Evans and W.E. Howard, I I I , February 1993
Defense News, Pentagon Uni ts Jostl e Over Non-Lethal I ni ti ati ves, 2 Mar 92
I nside the Navy, Mari ne Corps Non-Lethal Weapons Experi ment Underway at Camp
Pendl eton, CA, Vol . 9, No. 29, 22 Jul 96
Marine Corps Gazette, Less-Lethal Force i n Operati on UNI TED SHI ELD, September 1995
Oral History I nterview: Mr. Charl es Heal , Los Angel es County Sheri ff Department,
Los Angel es, CA, 1997
Oral History I nterview: Former Commander I srael i Defense Force, Fort Monroe, VA, 1997
Glossary-1
GLOSSARY
PART IABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
A
A/C ai r cr aft
admin admi ni str ati on
AFDC US Ai r For ce Doctr i ne Center
AFM Ai r Force Manual
AFSC Ai r For ce speci al ty code(s)
AMC Ar my Mater i el Command
Approx appr oxi matel y
ASI addi ti onal ski l l i denti fi er
B
BDU battl e dr ess uni for m
BI I L basi c-i ssue i tems l i st
C
Cal cal i ber
CEP ci r cul ar er r or pr obabl e
chem chemi cal
CI NC commander i n chi ef
CJ CS Chai rman of the Joi nt Chi efs of Staff
cm centi meter
CMC Commandant of the Mari ne Corps
COTS commer ci al off-the-shel f
CPU centr al pr ocessi ng uni t
CS ri ot control agent (tear gas)
D
3-D three-di mensi onal
DA Department of the Army
dB deci bel
DC di r ect cur r ent
demo demonstr ati on
DM desi gnated mar ksmen
DOD Depar tment of Defense
DODD Depar tment of Defense Di r ecti ve
F
FB fl ash back
FDA Food and Dr ug Admi ni str ati on
FM Fi el d Manual
Glossary-2
FMFM Fl eet Mari ne Force Manual
fps feet per second
FS fi n stabi l i zed
FSE fi r e suppor t el ement
ft foot
G
g gr am
G-1 Army or Mari ne Corps component manpower or personnel staff
offi cer (Army di vi si on or hi gher staff, Mari ne Corps bri gade or
hi gher staff)
G-2 Army or Mari ne Corps component i ntel l i gence staff offi cer
(Army di vi si on or hi gher staff, Mari ne Corps bri gade or hi gher
staff)
G-3 Army or Mari ne Corps component operati ons staff offi cer
staff)
G-4 Army or Mari ne Corps component l ogi sti cs staff offi cer
staff)
ga gauge
GCE gr ound combat el ement
GOTS gover nment off-the-shel f
H
hr hour s
I
I D i denti fy
I FF i denti fi cati on, fr i end or foe
info i nfor mati on
intel i ntel l i gence
I O I nter nati onal Or gani zati on
in i nch
in
2
square i nch
IPB i ntel l i gence pr epar ati on of the battl efi el d
IR i nfr ar ed
I TT i nter r ogator -tr ansl ator team
J
J AG Judge Advocate Gener al
J CRG joi nt concepts r equi r ements gr oup
K
K-9 dog
Glossary-3
L
LBE l oad bear i ng equi pment
LEA Law Enfor cement Agency
LFORM l andi ng for ce oper ati onal r eser ve mater i el
LHA amphi bi ous assaul t shi p, general purpose
LHD amphi bi ous assaul t shi p, mul ti pur pose
LP/OP l i steni ng post/obser vati on post
LVOSS l i ght vi sual opti cal screeni ng system
M
m meter
MAGTF Mari ne ai r ground task force
max maxi mum
MCCDC Mar i ne Cor ps Combat Devel opment Command
MCO Mar i ne Cor ps Or der
MCPDS Mar i ne Cor ps Doctr i nal Publ i cati on System
MEF Mar i ne expedi ti onar y for ce
METT-T mi ssi on, enemy, terrai n, and weather, troops and support
avai l abl e ti me avai l abl e
MEU Mar i ne expedi ti onar y uni t
MK mar k
mm mi l l i meter
MOOTW mi l i tary operati ons other than war
MOS mi l i tar y occupati onal speci al ty
MOUT mi l i tar y oper ati ons on ur bani zed ter r ai n
MSDS materi al safety data sheet
MTT mobi l e trai ni ng team
N/A not appl i cabl e
MTTP mul ti ser vi ce tacti cs, techni ques, and pr ocedur es
N
N/A not appl i cabl e
NCA Nati onal Command Author i ti es
NCO noncommi ssi oned offi cer
NDC US Naval Doctri ne Command
NI WI C Nonl ethal I ndi vi dual Weapons I nstr uctor Cour se
NL nonl ethal
NLW nonl ethal weapons
No number
NWP Naval Warfare Publ i cati on
O
OC ol eor esi n capsi cum
OP obser vati on post
OPR offi ce(s) of pr i mar y r esponsi bi l i ty
ops oper ati ons
OSD Offi ce of the Secretary of Defense
oz ounces
Glossary-4
P
PAO Publ i c Affai r s Offi ce
PASGT per sonnel ar mor system for gr ound tr oops
PAX passenger (s)
PE pr acti cal exer ci se
plt pl atoon
POI pr ogr am of i nstr ucti on
POW pr i soner of war
PSYOP psychol ogi cal oper ati ons
PVC pol yvi nyl chl or i de
R
RCA r i ot contr ol agent
RD r ound
recon r econnai ssance
ROE r ul es of engagement
RP r ubber pel l et
S
S1 battal i on or bri gade manpower or personnel staff offi cer (Army;
Mari ne Corps battal i on or regi ment)
S2 battal i on or bri gade i ntel l i gence staff offi cer (Army; Mari ne
Corps battal i on or regi ment)
S3 battal i on or bri gade operati ons staff offi cer (Army; Mari ne
S4 battal i on or bri gade l ogi sti cs staff offi cer (Army; Mari ne
SJ A staff judge advocate
SNCO seni or noncommi ssi oned offi cer
SOC speci al oper ati ons capabl e
SOP standi ng oper ati ng pr ocedur e(s)
SOTG speci al oper ati ons tr ai ni ng gr oups
SO speci al oper ati ons
spec speci fi cati on
T
T/E tabl e of equi pment
T/O tabl e of organi zati on
T/O & E tabl e of organi zati on and equi pment (USMC)
TAC SOP tacti cal standi ng oper ati ng pr ocedur e
TBD to be deter mi ned
TC tr ai ni ng ci r cul ar
TM team
TO&E tabl e of organi zati on and equi pment (USA)
TTP tacti cs, techni ques, and pr ocedur es
Glossary-5
U
US Uni ted States
USA Uni ted States Army
USAF Uni ted States Ai r Force
USMC Uni ted States Mari ne Corps
USN Uni ted States Navy
V
VCR vi deo cassette r ecor der
Y
yd yar d
00 doubl e zer o
PART II- TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Air Force specialty code (AFSC). Pri mary job of a US Ai r Force offi cer or enl i sted
person. Anal ogous to the Army and Mari ne Corps mi l i tary occupati onal ski l l (MOS).
amphibious ready group (ARG). Three to 4 US Navy amphi bi ous shi ps carryi ng a
Mari ne Expedi ti onary Uni t, i ts attachments, and al l equi pment, vehi cl es, and ai rcraft
for a 6-month depl oyment at sea. Usual l y formed around an LHA or LHD amphi bi ous
assaul t shi p.
battalion landing team (BLT). I n an amphi bi ous operati on, an i nfantry battal i on
normal l y rei nforced by necessary combat and servi ce el ements; the basi c uni t for
pl anni ng an assaul t l andi ng. (Joi nt Pub 1-02) NOTE: Consi sts of Mari ne Corps ri fl e
battal i on and attachments formed as centerpi ece of Mari ne Expedi ti onary Uni ts
Ground Combat El ement. Approxi matel y 1000 Mari nes.
commercial off the shelf (COTS). Descri bes i tems procured for mi l i tary use through
ci vi l i an contr actor s.
designated marksman (DM). A ri fl eman stati oned i n an overwatch posi ti on above
fri endl y forces, armed wi th a standard i nfantry weapon appropri ate to hi s servi ce whi ch
i s mounted wi th a hi gh-powered scope and l oaded wi th l ethal ammuni ti on. The
desi gnated marksman uses hi s vantage poi nt to i denti fy agi tators to forces bel ow,
el i mi nate l ethal threats, and moni tor the battl efi el d.
Fleet Marine Force (FMF). A bal anced force of combi ned arms compri si ng l and, ai r,
and servi ce el ements of the US Mari ne Corps. A Fl eet Mari ne Force i s an i ntegral part
of a US Fl eet and has the status of a type command. Note: I t can i ncl ude depl oyabl e
Mari ne Corps uni ts of any type.
Glossary-6
government off the shelf (GOTS). Anal ogous to COTS, but descri bi ng i tems al ready
procured by the US government and ready for i ssue to mi l i tary uni ts.
ground combat element (GCE). The Mari ne Corps Mari ne Ai r-Ground Task Force
el ement that i s task organi zed to conduct ground operati ons. The GCE i s constructed
around an i nfantry uni t and vari es i n si ze from a rei nforced i nfantry battal i on to one or
more rei nforced Mari ne di vi si on(s). The GCE al so i ncl udes appropri ate combat support
and combat servi ce support uni ts. Normal l y, there i s onl y one GCE i n a MAGTF.
NOTE: I t i s part of a Mari ne Corps Mari ne ai r-ground task force compri si ng i nfantry
uni ts, attachments, and staff.
intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB). An anal yti cal methodol ogy
empl oyed to r educe uncer tai nti es concer ni ng the enemy, envi r onment, and ter r ai n for
al l types of operati ons. I ntel l i gence preparati on of the battl espace bui l ds an extensi ve
data base for each potenti al area i n whi ch a uni t may be requi red to operate. The data
base i s then anal yzed i n detai l to determi ne the i mpact of the enemy, envi ronment, and
terrai n on operati ons and presents i t i n graphi c form I ntel l i gence preparati on of the
battl espace i s a conti nui ng process. Al so cal l ed I PB. Note: I ntense intelligence analysis
of battlefield conditions, enemy posture and intentions, weather, and other pertinent
information, conducted by an S-2 or similar intelligence officer. May include detailed
analysis of crowd motivations and possible actions.
interrogator-translator team (ITT). Mari ne Corps uni t, usual l y worki ng as a smal l
detachment to a l arger i nfantry uni t, hi ghl y trai ned i n i nterrogati on techni ques and
fl uent i n adversary nati ve l anguage.
joint acquisitions group (J AG). Mul ti servi ce group formed, al ong wi th JCRG, i n
March 1996 i n Washi ngton, D.C. Tasked wi th i denti fyi ng emergi ng NLT and
coordi nati ng and pri ori ti zi ng procurement efforts i n a joi nt arena.
joint concepts requirements group (J CRG). Works cl osel y wi th JAG, but pri mari l y
tasked wi th i denti fyi ng Nonl ethal Technol ogy requi rements for acti ve forces of al l
ser vi ces.
landing forces operational reserve material (LFORM). Storage of Mari ne Corps
and associ ated uni ts ammuni ti on aboard US Navy shi ppi ng.
low-intensity conflict (LIC). Pol i ti cal -mi l i tary confrontati on between contendi ng
states or groups bel ow conventi onal war and above the routi ne, peaceful competi ti on
among states. I t frequentl y i nvol ves protracted struggl es of competi ng pri nci pl es and
i deol ogi es. Low i ntensi ty confl i ct ranges from subversi on to the use of armed force. I t
i s waged by a combi nati on of means empl oyi ng pol i ti cal , economi c, i nformati onal , and
mi l i tary i nstruments. Low i ntensi ty confl i cts are often l ocal i zed, general l y i n the Thi rd
Worl d, but contai n regi onal and gl obal securi ty i mpl i cati ons. Note: Also known as small
wars or brushfire wars, low-intensity conflict are rebellions, insurrections and the like
characterized by adversaries dedicated to a cause but lacking command and control
structure and modern equipment.
Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF). The l argest of the Mari ne ai r-ground task
forces, i s normal l y bui l t around a di vi si on/wi ng team, but can i ncl ude several di vi si ons
and ai rcraft wi ngs, together wi th an appropri ate combat servi ce support organi zati on.
Glossary-7
The Mari ne expedi ti onary force i s capabl e of conducti ng a wi de range of amphi bi ous
assaul t operati ons and sustai ned operati ons ashore. I t can be tai l ored for a wi de
vari ety of combat mi ssi ons i n any geographi c envi ronment. Note: I t is the largest
deployable Marine Corps unit, comprising nearly 1/ 3 of active Marine Corps deployable
forces. Approximately 50,000 Marines and Sailors.
maritime interception operation (MIO). Means by whi ch an excl usi on zone at sea i s
enforced. I nvol ves the vi si t of merchant shi ps, by armed boardi ng parti es i f necessary,
bound to, through, or out of a defi ned area, to exami ne each shi ps papers and cargo and
to search for evi dence of contraband. The provi si ons must be establ i shed by a
sancti oni ng body and must be appl i ed to shi ps of al l nati onal i ti es.
maritime prepositioning force (MPF). A task organi zati on of uni ts under one
commander formed for the purpose of i ntroduci ng a MAGTF and i ts associ ated
equi pment and suppl i es i nto a secure area. The mari ti me preposi ti oni ng force i s
composed of a command el ement, a mari ti me preposi ti oni ng shi ps squadron, a MAGTF,
and a Navy support el ement.
military occupational specialty (MOS). Pri mary job of mi l i tary offi cer or enl i sted
per sonnel .
military operations on urbanized terrain (MOUT). Al l mi l i tary acti ons pl anned and
conducted on a topographi cal compl ex and i ts adjacent natural terrai n where man-made
constructi on i s the domi nant feature. I t i ncl udes combat-i n-ci ti es, whi ch i s that porti on
of MOUT i nvol vi ng house-to-house and street-by-street fi ghti ng i n towns and ci ti es.
military operations other than war (MOOTW). Operati ons that encompass the use
of mi l i tary capabi l i ti es across the range of mi l i tary operati ons short of war. These
mi l i tary acti ons can be appl i ed to compl ement any combi nati on of the other i nstruments
of nati onal power and occur before, duri ng, and after war.
military police (MP). Mari ne Corps and Army pol i ce forces desi gnated by speci fi c
MOS.
mobile training team (MTT). A team consi sti ng of one or more US mi l i tary or ci vi l i an
personnel sent on temporary duty, often to a forei gn nati on, to gi ve i nstructi on. The
mi ssi on of the team i s to trai n i ndi genous personnel to operate, mai ntai n, and empl oy
weapons and support systems, or to devel op a sel f-trai ni ng capabi l i ty i n a parti cul ar
ski l l . The Nati onal Command Authori ti es may di rect a team to trai n ei ther mi l i tary or
ci vi l i an i ndi genous per sonnel , dependi ng upon host nati on r equests.
nonlethal antimateriel (NLAM). Si mi l ar to NLT, but encompassi ng weapons and
ordnance desi gned to i ncapaci tate materi el and vehi cl es rather than humans.
nonlethal weapons (NLW). Weapons expl i ci tl y desi gned and pri mari l y empl oyed so
as to i ncapaci tate personnel or materi el , whi l e mi ni mi zi ng fatal i ti es, permanent i njury
to personnel , and undesi red damage to property and the envi ronment.
nonlethal technology (NLT). Synonymous wi th NLW, but al so encompassi ng more
advanced technol ogy whi ch i s not yet avai l abl e for use by mi l i tary forces.
Glossary-8
oleoresin capsicum (OC). Al so known as pepper spray, OC i s made compl etel y from
organi c materi al s and i s FDA-approved for sal e over-the-counter i n the Uni ted States.
Causes severe and i mmedi ate burni ng sensati on to mucous membranes when sprayed
i nto face, nose, and eyes.
rules of engagement (ROE). Di recti ves i ssued by competent mi l i tary authori ty whi ch
del i neate the ci rcumstances and l i mi tati ons under whi ch Uni ted States forces wi l l
i ni ti ate and/or conti nue combat engagement wi th other forces encountered. Al so cal l ed
ROE.
table of equipment (T/E). Total l i st of equi pment of al l types authori zed for a Mari ne
Cor ps uni t.
table of organization (T/O). Total manpower authori zed for speci fi c uni t, organi zed by
bi l l et and rank. TO& E i s a US Army term whi ch encompasses T/O and T/E.
tactical psychological operations team (TPT). US Army uni t speci fi cal l y trai ned and
empl oyed to conduct psychol ogi cal oper ati ons agai nst adver sar y for ces, to i ncl ude
di ssemi nati on of pamphl ets, nati ve l anguage broadcasts by audi o and vi sual means, and
i nter acti on wi th l ocal medi a.
visit, board, search, and seizure (VBSS). US Navy mi ssi on anal ogous to MI O, i n
whi ch hosti l e vessel s on the hi gh seas are stopped, boarded, taken over by fri endl y
forces, i nspected for vi ol ati ons of i nternati onal l aw or sancti on vi ol ati ons, and i f
necessar y, sei zed.
Index-1
INDEX
C
Cl ear Faci l i ti es of Personnel v, I V-5, V-2,
V-9, V-10
Countermateri el Capabi l i ti es I I I -2
Counterpersonnel Capabi l i ti es I I I -1
Crowd Control v, I I -1, I I I -1, I V-2, I V-5,
V-2, V-3, V-11, VI -1, A-5, B-2, B-3, B-4,
B-5, B-6, B-7, B-8, B-9, B-11, C-5, C-6,
C-8, D-2
D
Deni al Opti ons V-1
Deny Area to Personnel v, V-5
Deny Area to Vehi cl es v, V-6
Deny/Neutral i ze Vehi cl es, Ai rcraft,
Vessel s, and Faci l i ti es V-7
Department of Defense Di recti ve (see
DODD)
DODD I -2, I V-2, References-2, Gl ossary-1
E
Essenti al trai ni ng for uni ts depl oyi ng
I V-2
F
Fami l i ari zati on Tabl e I V-3, I V-4
Force Conti nuum vi i , I V-2, V-1, VI -1, C-5,
C-6, C-8, D-1
I
I ncapaci tate Personnel v, I -1, I I I -2, V-2,
V-4, Gl ossary-8
L
Leader Trai ni ng i v, I V-5
Lethal Weapons vi i , I -1, I -4, I I -2, V-1,
VI -1, VI -2, VI -3
Li mi tati ons i v, I I I -3, V-14, VI -2, C-7,
Gl ossary-8
M
Medi cal I I I -1, I V-1, I V-5, V-11
Mi l i tary operati ons other than war (see
MOOTW)
Mi ssi on Enhancers I I -1
MOOTW I -2, I I I -1, I I I -3, References-1,
Gl ossary-3, Gl ossary-8
Muni ti ons that Cause Physi cal
Di scomfort/I ncapaci tate V-1
Muni ti ons that I nfl i ct Trauma V-1
N
NI WI C i v, I V-1, I V-2, I V-4, I V-5, C-1,
Gl ossary-3
NLW Capabi l i ty Set Composi ti on I I -2
NLW Tasks i v, V-2
Nonl ethal I ndi vi dual Weapons I nstructor
Course (see NI WI C)
Nonl ethal Weapons Capabi l i ty Set
Composi ti on (see NLW Capabi l i ty Set
Composi ti on)
Nonl ethal Weapons Capabi l i ty Set
I ndi vi dual i v, A-1
Nonl ethal Weapons Tasks (see NLW
Tasks)
P
Personnel Effectors I I -1
Personnel Protectors I I -1
R
Real -worl d l essons I V-5
S
Sei ze Personnel v, I I I -2, I V-5, V-2, V-8
Si mul ati on Trai ni ng I V-4
Staff Pl anni ng/Responsi bi l i ti es V-10
T
Threats vi , I -2, I I -3, V-1, VI -1, VI -3,
Gl ossary-6
Trai ni ng Devi ces I I -1
U
Uni t Trai ni ng i v, I V-1, I V-4, V-10, D-1
FM 90-40
MCRP 3-15.8
NWP 3-07.31
USCG PUB 3-07.31
6 OCTOBER 1998
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE
RONALD E. KEYS
Major General, USAF
Commander
Headquarters Air Force Doctrine Center
FM 90-40
MCRP 3-15.8
NWP 3-07.31
USCG PUB 3-07.31
6 OCTOBER 1998
DISTRIBUTION:
Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve: To be distributed in accordance
with the initial distribution number 115757, requirements for FM 90-40.
MARINE CORPS: PCN 14300005700

NLW 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

NLW 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FM 90-40

You might also like