The effect of Temperature toward fishes activity

Report Submitted to fulfill the task of Ecology and Environmental Education

created by: Addin Riyadul Jannah Desty Nurbaety Pia Fildzah Vania Rizky Nur Lestari Shofwa Widdina Student ID 1105526 Student ID 1100139 Student ID 1101698 Student ID 1100173 Student ID 1105872

INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM ON SCIENCE EDUCATION FACULTY OF MATEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION BANDUNG 2014

A. Objective

To observes golden fishs activity under influence of different temperature.

B. Basic Theory: Biotic and abiotic factors determine where a species can live. Ideal biotic and abiotic conditions allow species to flourish. Otherwise, an inappropriate condition may lead the species into extinction. Abiotic factors such as temperature, light, and soil can influence a species ability to survive, while biotic factors are the living organisms that involve interaction. Limiting factors is any factors that place an upper limit on the size of a population. Temperature is one of the most important environmental stimuli exerting an influence on the natural habits of marine organism, because temperature affecting the activity of fishes and reproductions. Optimum temperature is needed for the growth of fishes. Extreme temperature or beyond the tolerance range, causes stress to the fishes and followed by the difficulty of digesting, reduce their health, and their rate of growth and reproduction. In this experiment, we would like to investigate the golden fishes activity under influence of various temperature. From this experiment, we are expected to find out the tendency of fishes activity to move and stay when they put in the threedifferent temperature.

C. Material : a) Golden fishes b) Tanks c) Thermometer d) Spirtus e) Matches f) Ice 30 fishes 1 set 3 pieces 3 pieces 1 box

D. Procedure 1. Prepare the materials and equipment 2. Arrange the tank , place the statif in the left and right side of tank , attach the thread to the statif along the tank 3. Pour the water until the temperature 20 degree Celsius , 25 degree Celsius , 30 degree Celsius 4. Place the spirtus below the tank and keep temperature until 30 degree Celsius 5. Place the eyes inside the corner of the tank and keep temperature until 20 degree Celsius 6. Pour the tab water in the center of tank and keep the temperature until 25 degree Celsius 7. Place the fishes to the tank that the temperature has already adjusted. 8. Keep the temperature stable for each treatment 9. Observe the movement of fish

E. Result TRIAL 1 Temperature Time (Celsius) number of fishes TRIAL 2 Temperature (Celsius) number of fishes TRIAL 3 Temperature (Celsius) number of fishes

30 1 25 minutes 20 3-4

5 2 4 4 2

34 32 25 32 28 30 31 27 28 30 27 28

4 1 5 11 4 3 3 1 3 6

32 30 29 29 28 30 30 28 29 25 28 29

1 4 5 1 9 7 3 1 9

minutes 5 32 5-6 30 minutes 32 31 7-8 28 minutes 31 2 11 2 7

F. Tendency Temperature (Celsius) 25 28 29 30 31 32 Amount of Fishes 5 6 14 26 15 7

G. Discussion Fish is a poikilothermic so that fish is very depends on the temperature where they live to maintain their metabolism system. There are ten gold fishes that placed in the three different temperatures (i.e. 20C, 25C, and 30C as the initial temperature) and three times repetition is done to observe the fish activity toward

temperature. The experimental data shows that the fishes tend to stay in 30C. The number of 30C describes certain meaning about fishes and temperature elevation. From the findings, the fishes are likely to stay in temperature comfort zone which is not too hot and cold, so that they can maintain metabolism system well. Different fishes have different optimum temperature to live in proper way. Based on the experiment, the gold fishes have optimum temperature, 30C. This temperature is the comfort zone temperature of the gold fishes, to maintain their metabolic activity. The sources of error and difficulties that contributes to the experimental data, as follow: 1. The temperature management that should be kept constant during experiment. 2. Environment disturbance, such as noise, the movement of observers, and the way we put ice cube to the compartment. 3. Lack of ice cube. 4. The position to hang the thermometer which is not fixed and also the scale of thermometer which is hard to see.

H. Conclusion From the experiment, the comfort zone temperature of gold fishes is 30C and this temperature is predicted as optimum temperature where the gold fishes can maintain metabolism system maximally.

I. References Reece, J. B., Taylor, M. R.., Simon, E. J., Dickey, J. L., (2012). Campbell Biology Concepts & Connections, Seventh Edition. San Fransisco: Pearson Education, Inc.