Basics of the Sewer Maintenance

Mr. Toshio Kitou Ms. Megumi Sakino

Sewer Maintenance Section, Facilities Management and Maintenance Division Bureau of Sewerage

Kanda Sewer
Year 1884

Areas of improved sewer systems by the year of improvement

Sewers improved by 1945 for the most part (first reconstruction area)

Sewers improved by 1970 for the most part

Sewers improved by 1983 for the most part Sewers improved by 1994

Comparison of the total pipe length by the year

27%

13%

1%

8%

Currently, the total length of pipes that are constructed more than 50 years ago is 1,500 km, which accounts for about 10% of the whole length.

24%

27%

FY1945 former

FY1946 to FY1955
FY1956 to FY1965

FY1966 to FY1975
FY1976 to FY1985 FY1986 to the current

Total maintained pipe length by the year and increase in aged pipes in the future
Total pipe length in a single year Sum total length of constructed pipes
600

Total aged pipe length in a single year Sum total length of aged pipes
18,000 16,000

500

Total pipe length in a single fiscal year (bar graph : km)

14,000 400 12,000 10,000 300 8,000 200 6,000 4,000 100 2,000 0 Before 1939 0 Sum total length of pipes line graph: km

2029

1944

1949

1954

1959

1964

1969

1974

1979

1984

1989

1994

1999

2004

2009

2014

2019

2024

2034

2039

2044

Fiscal Year

2049

Flow chart for pipe maintenance

Pipe maintenance

Ledger maintenance

Daily maintenance

Inspection, checking, report

Inside pipe examination

Emergency measures

Systematic measures (preventive maintenance)

Pipe cleaning Repairing (mending) Troubleshooting

Systematic pipe cleaning Systematic repair (mending) Systematic improvement (rebuilding) Reconstruction

Inspection of pipe system

Joint inspection at the construction site with other companies

Inside pipe cleaning

Large diameter pipe conducted by human power conducted by a water-jetting sewer cleaner
conducted by TM submerged scratcher

Small diameter pipe

Inverted siphon pipe

Cleaning of large diameter pipe (human power)

Cleaning of small diameter pipe (water-jetting sewer cleaner)

Water-jetting sewer cleaner

Cleaning of inverted siphon pipe

Bucket

Total length of cleaned pipes and the total length of maintained pipes
(Km)

Total length of pipes maintained

Total length of pipes cleaned

(Km)

18,000 16,000

1,200 1,000

14,000 12,000 800 600 8,000 6,000 400 200 2,000 0 0

10,000

4,000

Inside pipe inspection

Visual check
TV camera Check
For main pipes For lateral pipes

Total length of pipes inspected inside

Total length of pipes inspected inside

Sum total

12,000

1,200

1,000

10,000

800

8,000

600

6,000

400

4,000

200

2,000

0
1990
1982 1984 1986 1988 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Inside pipe inspection (visual check)

Inside pipe inspection (TV camera check)

TV

Inside of a pipe is diagnosed by inserting a camera like this one into the pipe from a

manhole.
When a pipe becomes old, it shows damages. In order to keep the sewer in a good condition, workers are checking inside of the pipe.

A TV camera lowering into the pipe from a manhole

Inside pipe inspection (TV camera, main pipe)

A TV camera showing inside of a pipe.

A TV camera is operated from the ground.

The pipe is broken and damaged.

The pipe has a crack.

The joint of the pipes is out of alignment.

The pipe is eroded and the steel inside the pipe is exposed.

The pipe is clogged with mortar.

The number of roads sagged and the cost for rework

(10,000 yen)
800,000 700,000 2,500 600,000 2,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 1,000 200,000 500 1,500

General rework cost

Maintenance cost

The number of roads sagged

(Number of work cases)

3,000

100,000 0
1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

What is the pipe diagnosis system?

1.

It manages data that provide information about results of inside pipe inspections, sagging roads, and records of floods, which is necessary to the maintenance of sewer facilities. It determines a type of construction to repair damaged pipes and decides which construction work should have priority.

2.

The system contributes to the preventive maintenance.

Pipe diagnosis system in perspective

Information on inside pipe inspection Information on sagging roads
Information on construction work Information on sewer system

Pipe diagnosis system

Information on flood Report on pipes that need improvement/repair Database file (CD-ROM) The pipe diagnosis system keeps various kinds of information.

Sewerage Mapping and Information System (SEMIS)

Chart for parts requiring improvement/repair

Information users

Display screen of inside pipe damages

Each sewer pipe is inspected and damage information is computerized for database entry.

Assessment of the necessity of measures

Type of damage Breakage Obsolescence Deterioration Indication Damage Crack Misaligned joint Erosion Water leakage Sagging, meandering Mortar adhesion Extrusion of lateral pipe Lard adhesion, root intrusion Other Measures for repair are necessary.

Rank A some damages

Rank A extensive damages

Measures for improvement and repair are necessary.

Comparison of costs for improvement and repair for a pipe that will need such work Y years after its construction
Improveme nt cost Gradient line of cost in the year pipe was improved Construction cost

Repair cost

Assessment of the necessity of measures

Y years

Gradient line of cost in the year pipe was repaired

50 years Y+50 years

Priority of reconstruction work is determined and a color-coded work chart is created.

Color-coded chart of pipes requiring improvement/repair work

Based on information about obsolescence and damage of pipes, priority of reconstruction work is determined.

Example
First priority for improvement work Second priority for improvement work Third priority for improvement work Repair is necessary No measures are required.

Preparation for work

Existing pipe is internally coated in order to construct a new pipe

A new pipe is being constructed inside of the existing pipe

New pipe