Urban Sociology Project (AR-203)

TABLE OF CONTENTS..
Abstract 1. 2. #. +. .. 1. 6. 7. ;. easons for Teenagers to S!o"e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T$e Caf% Ci&i'i(ation in )A AC*I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )arac$i ,out$ sin"s dee-er into *oo"a$. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S$ees$a /$oo"a$0 Puffs !ore $ar!fu' t$an Cigarettes. . . . . . . . . . . . . Action B2 La3 4 egu'ator2 Aut$orities Against Tobacco 5se. . . . . . *a(ards of Tobacco 4 Serious is"s To $ea't$. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8ifferent Facts9 Statistics9 C$arts 4 :ra-$s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conc'usions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page A Brief Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Abstract
T$e ai! of t$is stud2 is to e<-'ore t$e -re&a'ence of tobacco consu!-tion in 2oung -eo-'e and s-read a'read2 e<isting a3areness in t$e societ2. It 3i'' be s$o3n t$roug$ different statistics and c$arts t$at t$e 2out$ of )A AC*I /bot$ !a'es and fe!a'es0 are indu'ged in t$is $abit and t$e2 too" t$is as act of fas$ion9 3$ic$ is infact a serious $a(ard to $ea't$ and en&iron!ent. La3 4 egu'ator2 Aut$orities of )A AC*I $a&e defined certain 'a3s against Cigarette as 3e'' as Sheesha (Hookah) s!o"ing. 8ifferent studies and re-orts conc'usions t$at e<-'ain t$e $a(ards of t$e s!o"ing. Pictoria' -resentation 3ou'd a'so c'arif2 so!e of t$e !ain ob=ecti&e.

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1. A Brief Introduction:
Tobacco has a long history in the Americas. Tobacco was grown by American Indians before the Europeans came from England, Spain, France, and Italy to North America. Native Americans smo ed tobacco through a pipe for special religious and medical purposes. They did not smo e every day. Tobacco was the first crop grown for money in North America. In !"!# the settlers of the first American colony in $amestown, %irginia grew tobacco as a cash crop. It was their main source of money. &ther cash crops were corn, cotton, wheat, sugar, and soya beans. Tobacco helped pay for the American 'evolution against England. Also, the first (resident of the ).S. grew tobacco. *y the !+,,-s, many people had begun using small amounts of tobacco. Some chewed it. &thers smo ed it occasionally in a pipe, or they hand.rolled a cigarette or cigar. &n the average, people smo ed about /, cigarettes a year. The American Tobacco 0ompany was the largest and most powerful tobacco company until the early !1,,-s. Several companies were ma ing cigarettes by the early !1,,-s. In !1,# (hilip 2orris 0ompany came out with its Marlboro brand. *y !1// cigarette production was up to 3,, billion a year. In !1"/ the Surgeon 4eneral of the ).S. 5the chief doctor for the country6 wrote a report about the dangers of cigarette smo ing. 7e said that the nicotine and tar in cigarettes cause lung cancer. In !1"8 the 0ongress of the ).S. passed the 0igarette 9abeling and Advertising Act. It said that every cigarette pac must have a warning label on its side stating :0igarettes may be ha;ardous to your health.: Since the !1+,-s, federal, state, local governments, and private companies have begun ta ing actions to restrict cigarette smo ing in public places. The warning labels were the first step. Tobacco companies cannot advertise cigarettes on television or radio. It is against a law that was passed by 0ongress in !1<!. 2any cities across the ).S. do not allow smo ing in public buildings and restaurants. Since !11,, airlines have not allowed smo ing on airplane flights in the ).S. State ta=es on cigarettes have increased. As it becomes more difficult for tobacco companies to sell their products in the ).S., they are loo ing outside. ).S. tobacco companies are now growing tobacco in Africa, South America 5*ra;il and (araguay6, India, Pakistan, the (hilippines, 4reece, Thailand, and the >ominican 'epublic. Fifty percent 58,?6 of the sales of ).S. tobacco companies go to Asian countries, such as Thailand, South @orea, 2alaysia, the (hilippines, and Taiwan.

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Do You Know..?
Tobacco contains nicotine, a highly addictive drug that ma es it difficult for smo ers to ic the habit. Tobacco products also contain many poisonous and harmful substances that cause disease and premature death. >id you now that out of a group of !,,, smo ers 5age 3,6, that a full Auarter of them 5#8,B6 will die of smo ing.related illnesses prior to completing middle age, an additional Auarter will die prematurely from smo ing. related illnesses shortly after retirement age, and another large group will develop debilitating chronic illnesses as a result of their smo ingC 2ost people don-t now the odds of getting sic as a result of smo ing are really that bad, but when you do the numbers, that is how they come out. For many people, truly understanding the very real dangers associated with smo ing becomes the motivating factor that helps them to Auit.

2. Reasons for Teenagers to Smoke

So!e 3ant to act coo' or act 'i"e so!eone s-ecia' or dangerous

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T$e2 3ant to get attention T$e2 are curious about cigarettes Peer -ressure T$e2 are stressed or ner&ous

Reality..!!
2any Tobacco ads are specially made to attract teens. The purpose of cigarette ads and promotions is to ma e sure smo ers eep smo ing, get people who Auit to start smo ing again and increase the number of cigarettes people smo e each day. 2ost importantly, cigarette ads and promotions encourage young people to start smo ing.

3.

(hilip 2orris- 2arlboro cowboy ads, first created in !18/, also attract young people. These ads show a tough or macho, independent cowboy. A sad fact is that one of the cowboys pictured in 2arlboro ads, Dayne 2c9aren, died of lung cancer. 7e died in !11# after smo ing for #8 years. Still about half of all youth smo e 2arlboros

T e !af" !i#ili$ation in %ARA!&I

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@arachi, the city of lights, has greatly progressed through the ages.the teenagers have always dominated most of the eras, but their way of living had been different each time. Always had there been Esociali;ationF but never had it been so dominant. Every street at Gam;ama has at least one cafH and each time you pass by, you will see a throng of youngsters either ma ing their way in or out. Dhere such an activity does have its positive effects, the negative effects are also hard to ignore. Especially when these upshots are solely moving the youth of @arachi in a maIor way. Dith the increased demand for these cafes, entrepreneurs are finding a profitable way to find their means into the highly competitive mar et. Dhere this is encouraging a lot of business and in some ways economic growth, the way @arachi is getting filled with these cafes is not admirable in some ways too. A website, E@arachi SnobF gives a list of the cafes currently present in @arachi presently and it comprises of a handsome number of 3,J cafes and an intelligent assumption would be that there are some missing. Kes, they must be contributing to some amount of e=pansion in @arachi but what else are they contributing toC Not to something constructive I guess.

A scientific report claims that one puff of Sheesha is eAuivalent to smo ing #, cigarettes and with e=perience, <8? of the teenagers are aware of this fact. Ket the number of Sheesha addictors is growing each day. with each day these cafes are also becoming a symbol of these activitiesL a place where you can easily smo e without the fear of being caught by an elder, a place where you have easy access to Sheesha and a place where drugs can also be ta en without restrictions. Dhile, for many this cafH culture may not be posing any general threat but if assayed properly, their detrimental effect will become clearly visible.

'. %arac i (out sinks dee)er into &ooka

It see!s to be >uite t$e rage a!ong students of t$e )arac$i9 es-ecia''2 for t$ose at t$e 5ni&ersit2 'e&e'. ecent re-orts ta'" about t$e surge in $oo"a$ and 3ater -i-e s!o"ing addiction a!ong t$ese 2oungsters. T$e do3nside? t$e2 don@t "no3 $o3 in=urious t$ese

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addictions are. As t$e2 sin" dee-er into drug de-endence9 researc$ers sa2 t$at t$ese addictions are as bad as cigarette s!o"ing.

Why Teenagers Shouldnt SmokeM.C .*ad s in 5s in tumor6 .*ad breath .*ad.smelling clothes and hair .'educed athletic performances .Increased ris of illnesses .4reater ris of inIuries and slower healing time

*. S ees a + ooka , -uffs more armful t an !igarettes

S ees a smoking $as beco!e fas$ionab'e o&er t$e 'ast decade in Pa"istan9 es-ecia''2 in )arac$i. S!o"ing S$eess$a is trend2 a!ongst 2oungsters. T$e !isconce-tion t$at it is $ar!'ess..AAAA

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When you smoke from a hookah, you inhale flavored tobacco from a hose that is attached to an ornate pipe, which is usually made out of glass or clay. There's water in the bottom, which filters the smoke leading people to believe hookahs are safer than smoking cigarettes, but they're terribly mistaken. The problem is that hookah users tend to inhale far more smoke than cigarette smokers. More smoke means higher levels of nicotine, carbon monoxide, and other nasty chemicals. In a study published by the World Health Organization, they found that an average cigarette smoker took 8 to 12 puffs, and inhaled 0.5 to 0.6 liters of smoke over five to seven minutes. A hookah smoker may take anywhere from 20 to 200 puffs in one night, and each puff equals about one liter of smoke each. That means one hookah smoking session could equate to smoking 40 to 400 cigarettes. Yikes! As Shown In Below Table..

Sheesha (Hookah) Smoking

Chemical Elements : carbon mono i!e" charcoal" nicotine" arsenic#AR" cobalt" chromi$m an!

Cigarette Smoking
Chemical Elements : Ammonia" Arsenic" Carbon mono i!e" Ca!mi$m" %ea!" &a'hthalene" nicotine an! ($n!re!s o) others !e'en! $'on the man$)act$re * Cigarette, . to *2 '$))s , 0/0 1 0/2 liters o) smo+e

* session o) (oo+ah ,20-200 '$))s ,-0--00 liters smo+e

.. Action by /a0 1 Regulatory Aut orities Against Tobacco 2se:

A reso'ution against s!o"ing S*EES*A /t$e $oo"a$ or 3ater -i-e0 in restaurants and -ub'ic -'aces 3as unani!ous'2 -assed during t$e Sind$ Asse!b'2 session on Tuesda29 Ba2 1C.

BPA Bac$a' S$a$ !o&ed t$e reso'ution and said t$at S*EES*A is t$e 3orst for! of into<ication. *e to'd $is co''eagues t$at !ost fi&e?star $ote's in )arac$i and ot$er restaurants across t$e -ro&ince 3ere offering t$is dead'2 -roduct in a &ariet2 of f'a&ours. Shah accepted that the practice of smoking the hookah was common in the rural parts of Sindh, where both men and women indulge in it.

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But shisha is a modern form of the hookah that uses hazardous, aromatic tobacco to attract teenagers, he added.

Not only boys, but teenage girls also go to restaurants and smoke SHEESHA,
*e -ointed out. DT$e Narcotics Act is a&ai'ab'e but t$ere is no -rag!atic a--roac$ to i!-'e!ent it.E After a 'ong discussion9 t$e reso'ution 3as -assed unani!ous'2.

3. &a$ards of Tobacco 1 Serious Risks to ealt

T$ere are 1.1 bi''ion /out of ..4' billion as of 5uly 16 27110 tobacco users 3or'd3ide. S!o"ing can a'so ruin 2our a--earance b2 staining 2our teet$9 2e''o3ing 2our fingernai's9 and causes 3rin"'es9 gu! disease9 toot$ deca29 and bad breat$. S!o"ing can cause a decrease in at$'etic -erfor!ance9 suc$ as not being ab'e to run fast or =u!- as $ig$. C$ronic coug$ing9 !ore -$'eg! in 2our !out$9 and ast$!a are a'so effects t$at s!o"ing can $a&e on 2our bod2.

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&a$ards of S ees a:
Looking at the growing trend amongst the youth of Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore to puff shisha as a symbol of autonomy and freedom believing that its harmless fun is factually incorrect. A recently-released orld !ealth "rganisation report on the ha#ards of shisha raised concerns on its growing popularity in developing countries. In a survey conducted last year by the Aga Khan $niversity it was observed that over %& per cent of the children surveyed have e'perimented with this form of tobacco. (his included both boys and girls as young as si' years old. (he sad part of the survey was that most of these youngsters did not know that shisha smoke contains tobacco. (he research conducted on the use shisha clearly shows that it has serious health conse)uences, particularly on the lungs, heart and the food pipe. Its smoke contains hundreds of potentially dangerous substances including carbon mono'ide, charcoal, nicotine, arsenic, cobalt, chromium and lead. *moking is also linked to increased risk of cancer of the lungs, mouth and urinary bladder. "ne study has also shown that shisha use increases the risk of tuberculosis. $sing shisha in restaurants or at home where children are present increases the risk of pneumonia, asthma attacks and sudden infant death syndrome. (here is an urgent need to educate the public about the dangers of shisha.

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8. 9ifferent :acts6 Statistics6 ! arts 1 ;ra) s: &ealt Stats <f -akistan

Access to sanitation Birth rate, crude > per 1,000 people Children Underweight Rate Contraception Dependenc ratio per 100 Drug access e!penditure per capita > current U"# $ospital %eds > per 1,000 people &n'ant (ortalit rate )i'e e!pectanc at %irth, total > ears *alaria cases > per 100,000 +h sicians > per 1,000 people +ro%a%ilit o' not reaching ,0 +ro%a%ilit o' reaching -. > *ale 87% 26.1 per 1,000 people 13% 24% 82 50% 13.6 $ 0.7 per 1,000 people 74.43 64.86 years 58 0.74 per 1,000 people 20.1% 56.9%
[57th of 129] [67th of 195] [6th of 95] [66th of 89] [39th of 166] [117th of 163] [170th of 186] [60th of 149] [28th of 179] [121st of 194] [63rd of 94] [17th of 148] [50th of 111] [101st of 159]

"(o/ing pre0alence, (ales > 1 o' adults

"pending > +er person 6o%acco > Cigarette consu(ption 6o%acco > 6otal adult s(o/ers 6otal e!penditure on health as 1 o' 7D+ 8ater a0aila%ilit

2- 1
18 564 22.5 3.2% 2,961 c !"c #eters

3-th o' ,45

[108th of 133] [76th of 106] [84th of 121] [172nd of 185] [105th of 169]

"9URC:; 8orld $ealth 9rgani<ation

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9iseases !aused By Tobacco 2se..

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9. Conclusions.
Although there has been substantial progress on tobacco control in many 0ountries, more wor need to be done. The successes already achieved can and 2ust be e=panded upon so that all people Dorldwide are fully protected against the 7arms of tobacco use. 0ontinued progress will stop millions of people from dying each year from preventable tobacco.related illness, and save hundreds of billions of dollars a year In avoidable health.care e=penditures and productivity losses. It is up to us to ma e Sure that this occurs.

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