Reinhold Messner (6)

Other expeditions after 1970[edit]

Reinhold Messner at the BolzanoBacon Festival, May 2004

1971 Journeys to the mountains of Persia, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan and East Africa; 1972 Noshak (7,492 m) in the Hindu Kush; 1973 Marmolada West Pillar, first climb; Furchetta West Face, first climb; 1974 Aconcagua south wall (6,959 m), partially new "Tyrol Route"; Eiger North Face with Peter Habeler in 10 hours (then a record; still today the fastest climb by a roped party); 1976 Mount McKinley (6,193 m), "Face of the Midnight Sun", first climb; 1978 Kilimanjaro (5,895 m), "Breach Wall", first climb; 1979 Ama Dablam rescue attempt; first climbs in the Hoggar Mountains, Africa; 1981 Chamlang (7,317 m) Centre Summit-North Face, first climb; 1985 Tibet Transversale with Kailash exploration; 1986 Crossing of East Tibet; Mount Vinson (4,897 m, Antarctic), on 3 December 1986, thus becoming the first person to completeSeven Summits without the use of supplemental oxygen on Mount Everest;[17] 1987 Bhutan trip; Pamir trip; 1988 Yeti-Tibet solo expedition; 19891990 Antarctic crossing (over the South Pole) on foot, 2,800-km trek with Arved Fuchs; 1991 Bhutan crossing (east-west); "Around South Tyrol" as a positioning exercise; 1992 Ascent of Chimborazo (6,310 m); crossing of Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang 1993 Trip to Dolpo, Mustang and Manang in Nepal; Greenland longitudinal crossing (diagonal) on foot, 2,200-km trek;

1994 Cleaning project in North India/Gangotri, Shivling region (6,543 m); to Ruwenzori (5,119 m), Uganda; 1995 Arctic crossing (Siberia to Canada) failed; trip to Belukha (4,506 m), Altai Mountains/Siberia; 1996 Trip through East Tibet and to Kailash. 1997 Trip to Kham (East Tibet); small expedition into Karakorum; filming on the Ol Doinyo Lengai (holy mountain of the Massai) in Tanzania 1998 Trip to the Altai Mountains (Mongolia) and to Puna de Atacama (Andes) 1999 Filming: San Francisco Peaks, Arizona (Holy mountain of Navajo); trip into the Thar Desert/India 2000 Crossing of South Georgia on the Shackleton Route; Nanga Parbat Expedition; filming on Mount Fuji/Japan for the ZDF series Wohnungen der Gtter (~"Homes of the Gods") 2001 Dharamsala and foothills of the Himalayas/India; ZDF series Wohnungen der Gtter on Gunung Agung/Bali 2002 In the "International Year of the Mountains" visit by mountaineers into the Andes and ascent of Cotopaxi (5,897 m), Ecuador 2003 Trekking to Mount Everest (fiftieth anniversary of the first successful climb); trip to Franz Joseph Land/Arctic; on 1 October opening of the "Gnther Mountain School" in the Diamir Valley on Nanga Parbat/Pakistan 2004 Longitudinal crossing of the Gobi Desert (Mongolia) on foot, about 2,000 km trek 2005 Trip to the Dyva Nomads in Mongolia; "time journey" around Nanga Parbat/Pakistan

The Seven Summits[edit]

In 1985 Richard Bass first postulated and achieved the mountaineering challenge Seven Summits, climbing the highest peaks of each of the seven continents. Messner suggested another list (the Messner or Carstensz list) replacing Mount Kosciuszko with Indonesia's Puncak Jaya, or Carstensz Pyramid (4,884 m or 16,024 ft). From a mountaineering point of view the Messner list is the more challenging one. Climbing Carstensz Pyramid has the character of an expedition, whereas the ascent of Kosciuszko is an easy hike. In May 1986 Pat Morrow became the first person to complete the Messner list, followed by Messner himself when he summitted Mount Vinson in December 1986 to become the second.[17]