Elementary Go Series, Vol.

1
IN THE BEGINNING
THE OPENING IN THE GAME OF GO
by
Ikuro Isi!ure
THE ISHI PRESS, INC.
Tokyo
1
"
About the author
Ikuro Isi!ure #as born in 1$%" in Gi&u, 'a(an. In 1$)) e entere*
te !o s+ool o& Minoru ,itani, $-*an, an* li.e* tere &or te ne/t &i.e
years, be+omin! a (ro&essional so*an at te a!e o& se.enteen. His
(romotion re+or* is0
So*an 1$12
"-*an 1$12
3-*an 1$1"
%-*an 1$13
)-*an 1$1%
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In 1$15 e !aine* a (la+e in te "%t Honinbo 6ea!ue, an* in 1$4%
e #on te u((er *i.ision o& te Nion ,iin Oteai 7rankin!8
tournament.
His obbies in+lu*e skiin!, table-tennis, an* s(orts in !eneral. At
(resent e li.es #it is #i&e, #o is also a (ro&essional !o (layer, in
Sina!a#a-ku, Tokyo.
3
Publise* by
Te Isi Press, In+.
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by Te Isi Press, In+.
All ri!ts reser.e* a++or*in! to international la#. Tis book or any
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%
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ..............................=======....... 1
Chapter 1
718 Te First Mo.es o& te Game ......===.=......... 4
7"8 Te 3>% Point ......................===.===.... 12
738 Te 3>3 Point .....................======...... 1"
7%8 Te %>% Point ...................======........ 13
7)8 Te 3>) Point .....................======...... 11
718 Te %>) Point ...............======............. 14
748 E/am(le O(enin! .................======......... 15
758 E/ten*in! Alon! te Si*e .........=====........ "2
7$8 Pin+er Atta+ks .....=======....................... 3"
7128 In.asions .........................=======....... 3)
7118 E/ten*in! into te 9enter ........====.......... 3$
71"8 Pusin! an* 9ra#lin! .......=====............. %4
Chapter 2 Nine Concepts
718 Make ?our Stones @ork To!eter ..===......... )5
7"8 E&&i+ien+y ........................=======......... 12
738 Play A#ay &rom Stren!t .....=====........... 13
7%8 Ti+kness an* @alls .............======......... 11
7)8 O(en at te :ottom ...................======... 43
718 Te Tir* 6ine an* te Fourt ...=====........ 41
748 Ae.erse Strate!y .............======............ 51
758 6i!t an* Hea.y .................======........ 51
7$8 Atta+k an* <e&ense ..................======.... $5
Chapter 3 Ten Pro!e"s ########## 11$
)
INT%O&'CTION
(
Te o(enin! is teoreti+ally te ar*est (art o& te !ame o& !o. To
(ro&essional (layers, it is te ar*est (art in (ra+ti+e, as #ellB in
+am(ionsi( !ames tat last t#o *ays, &or instan+e, te &irst *ay is
usually s(ent (layin! about te &irst &i&ty mo.es, an* te se+on* *ay is
s(ent &inisin! all te rest. Su+ is te +onsisten+y o& (ro&essional (lay
in te mi**le !ame an* en*!ame tat i& a (layer +omes out o& te
o(enin! #it a ba* (osition, it is almost im(ossible &or im to +at+ u(.
Amateurs sometimes rus trou! teir initial mo.es, sa.in! teir
(o#ers &or te &i!tin! later, but tis is more an in*i+ation tat tey *o
not un*erstan* te o(enin! tan a si!n o& talent.
Te number o& (ossibilities in any o(enin! (osition is so .ast tat a
(layer must rely on is &eelin! &or te !ame, rater tan on ri!orous
analysis, &or !ui*an+e. Here e as te !reatest +an+e to use is
ima!ination, (lay +reati.ely, an* *e.elo( a (ersonal style. Tis is te
one (ase o& !o tat as so#n any si!ni&i+ant e.olution *urin! te
(ast &e# +enturies, an* it still *e&ies absolute +om(reension.
No book +an *e.elo( a (ersonCs ima!ination or (ersonal style, an*
tis one *oes not make te attem(t. In a sense, tere&ore, it is .ery
in+om(lete0 te rea*er #ill not &in* a (res+ri(tion &or e.ery situation,
an* in a+tual (lay e #ill a.e to make is o#n +oi+es most o& te
time. @at #e a.e trie* to !i.e im is a basis to start &rom0 some
soun* mo.es, some use&ul i*eas, some !oo* e/am(les. I& #e a.e
su++ee*e*, te &ollo#in! (a!es #ill el( im to in+rease bot is skill
at an* enDoyment o& te !ame.
1
CHAPTE% 1
)1* The First +o,es o- the Ga"e
(
@en :la+k (uts is &irst stone onto te em(ty !o boar*, e as
tree-un*re* si/ty-one (oints amon! #i+ to +oose. E.en i&
symmetry is taken into a++ount, tere are &i&ty-&i.e *i&&erent (ossible
o(enin! mo.es. A little e/(erien+e #ill so# tat te &irst line, 7te
e*!e o& te boar*8, is (ra+ti+ally #ortless in te .ery be!innin! o& te
!ame, but tat still lea.es &orty-&i.e (ossibilities &or :la+k to +onsi*er.
I& e kno#s sometin! about +ess, +e+kers, so!i, or oter su+
!ames, :la+k may be tem(te* to (ut is &irst stone *o#n on te +enter
(oint. In tose !ames te (ie+es atta+k, (ursue, an* try to +a(ture ea+
oter, makin! te +enter, #ere tey a.e te !reatest mobility, te best
area o& te boar*. In !o, o#e.er, te stones *o not mo.e, an* te
situation is Dust te o((osite.
Te obDe+t in a !ame o& !o is to buil* territory, rater tan to +a(ture
(ie+es. 'ust as a ouse is built &rom te !roun* u(, in !o it makes sense
to start buil*in! aroun* te e*!es o& te boar*, #ere tere is
sometin! soli* to buil* a!ainst. Te +orners o& te boar* are te best
(la+es &or makin! territoryB it is as i& te &loor an* one #all #ere
alrea*y in (la+e. Te +enter is te least .aluable (art o& te boar*.
4
Dia.1 Dia.2
<ia!ram 1 soul* make tis &a+t more .isible. Ea+ (air o& bla+k
stones so#s a &ormation tat mi!t naturally be ma*e *urin! te
+ourse o& te !ame.
Te t#o stones in te u((er ri!t +orner !i.e :la+k a !ri( on at least
ten (oints o& territory, an* is *omain +an be ra(i*ly enlar!e* by an
e/tension *o#n te si*e o& te boar*.
Te t#o stones on te lo#er si*e also en+lose some *e&inite
territory, altou! not nearly as mu+ as te t#o in te +orner.
Te t#o stones in te +enter, o#e.er, are like lost souls stran*e* in
te *esert. Tey a.e almost no territory-makin! e&&e+t. As tis
*ia!ram stron!ly su!!ests, te natural &lo# in te o(enin! o& te !ame
is &irst to !o a&ter te +orners, an* ten to stake out si*e territory. Te
+enter ser.es mainly as a (la+e to es+a(e into &or stones tat +annot
make enou! room to li.e at te e*!e o& te boar*.
5
Tis a((lies only to te be!innin! o& te !ame. 6ater on, a&ter some
&i!tin! as taken (la+e an* some #alls o& stones a.e a((eare* on te
boar*, it may be (ossible to make mu+ more territory alon! te si*es
tan in te +orners, an* sometimes e.en a lar!e area in te +enter +an
be surroun*e*.
:ut te &o+us rests &irst on te +orners, an* many !ames start #it
te &irst &our stones bein! arran!e* in te &our +orners o& te boar*.
Tere are un*re*s o& su+ arran!ements (ossible, an* sin+e #i+ o&
tem are !oo* an* #i+ are ba* is still an o(en Euestion, you +an
+oose as you like.
E/(erien+e as so#n tat te &irst stone in an o(en +orner soul*
!o on one o& te (oints marke* F in <ia.". Tese (oints all lie on te
tir* an* &ourt lines, #i+ are o& (rimary im(ortan+e in te o(enin!.
It is unne+essary an* ine&&i+ient to (lay +loser to te e*!e o& te boar*
tan te tir* line, be+ause e.en #en a stone is out on te tir* line,
tere is not enou! room &or te o((onent to (lay a*.anta!eously
bet#een it an* te e*!e.
O(enin! (lays &arter &rom te +orner tan tose in <ia." are not so
.ery ba*. Tere is at (resent one (ro&essional &i.e-*an #o likes to
start at te %>1 (oints, (a in <ia."8, an* te !reat Minoru ,itani on+e
be!an a !ame by (lantin! is &irst t#o stones sEuarely on t#o o& te )
>) (oints.
From su+ *istant (osts, o#e.er, it is ar* to lay ol* o& te +orner
territory, #i+ is, a&ter all, te obDe+t o& (layin! in te +orner in te
&irst (la+e. Most (ro&essional !o (layers, te autor in+lu*e*, sti+k #it
te (lays in <ia.", an* o& tese te ones +losest to te +orner, on te 3
>3, 3>%, an* %>% (oints, are +urrently by &ar te most (o(ular.
Ea+ o& te (lays in <ia." as its s(e+ial (e+uliarities an*
+ara+teristi+ &ollo#in! mo.es, #i+ ten* to o++u(y te early sta!es
o& te !ame, an* tese are *es+ribe* ne/t.
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)2* The 3./ Point
(
Te bla+k stone in <ia.1 as been (laye* on te 3>% (oint, #ere it
strikes a !oo* balan+e bet#een (rote+tion o& te +orner an*
*e.elo(ment to#ar* te rest o& te boar*.
In its asymmetri+al (osition, o#e.er, it in.ites anoter (lay, by
eiter :la+k or @ite, in te same +orner. Su+ a &ollo#-u( (lay is Dust
as .aluable as te ori!inal (lay in te +orner, an* is one o& te key
issues in an o(enin! in.ol.in! any stones on te 3>% (oints.
Dia.1 Dia.2 Dia.3 Dia.4
I& :la+k makes te &ollo#-u( mo.e, is stan*ar* +oi+es are tose
illustrate* in <ias." to %. Tey, an* te &ormations tey +reate, are
+alle* simari, or +orner en+losures.
A simari takes (ossession, at least &or te time bein!, o& te +orner
territory, an* &orms a stable base &or &urter *e.elo(ment, es(e+ially, in
<ias." to %, &or an e/tension to te le&t, alon! te u((er si*e. Mu+ o&
te (lay in te o(enin! is ty(i+ally s(ent +reatin! su+ bases o&
o(erations.
To (oint out te *i&&eren+es amon! <ias." to %, te simari in <ia."
is te sa&est. Te simari in <ia.3 makes a better #all &rom #i+ to
e/ten* a+ross te u((er si*e, but i& @ite (lays a, te *oor is ten o(en
&or im to ste( into te +orner. :la+k 1 in <ia.1 is in te ri!t (osition
to *e&en* a!ainst @ite a, but as less in&luen+e o.er te u((er si*e,
#i+ illustrates te basi+ *i&&eren+e bet#een (layin! on te tir* an*
&ourt lines. Te simari in <ia.% is a little lar!er tan te oter t#o,
but a little looser, so tat i& @ite as any stones +lose by, e may be
able to in.a*e te +orner.
12
@y make a simari at allG @y not e/ten* &arter an* try &or a
lar!er territoryG 6on!-*istan+e e/tensions, like :la+k 1 in <ia.), are
(layable, but tey lea.e te +orner o(en to atta+k, an* sometimes turn
out to be in te #ron! (la+e a&ter te +orner situation as been settle*.
I& @ite makes te &ollo#-u( mo.e a&ter <ia.1, ten e soul*
a((roa+ :la+kCs stone at 1, a, b, or c in <ia.1.
Tese (lays, #i+ are kno#n as kakari, are Dust as .aluable as te
simari tey (re.ent, but tey are not as sim(le.
Any o& tem is a +allen!e to te o((onent to en!a!e in +loser
+ombatB <ia.4 !i.es one e/am(le o& te kin* o& &i!t tat may *e.elo(.
:la+k strikes un*er @iteCs kakari at ", an* en*s u( in &irm (ossession
o& te +orner, #ile @ite !ets a base on te si*e, makin! a &air
e/+an!e.
Dia.5 Dia.6 Dia.7
SeEuen+es like te one in <ia.4 (lay an im(ortant (art in te
o(enin!s o& many !ames, an* tousan*s o& tem a.e been #orke* out
o.er te eons o& !o (layin!.
Tey are +alle* DosekiB te 9inese +ara+ters &or tis #or*, ,
mean sometin! like Cestablise* stonesC. A torou! kno#le*!e o&
tem is neiter ne+essary nor su&&i+ient to !et trou! te o(enin!, an*
#e *o not inten* to !et in.ol.e* in tem, but te rea*er, i& e as
a*.an+e* (ast about te nine-kyu le.el, #oul* (ro&it &rom lookin! at a
book on Doseki, bot to learn some !oo* mo.es an* to !et a &eelin! &or
#at +onstitutes a &air e/+an!e. Oter#ise, e #ill a.e to +o(y &rom
oter (layersC !ames, or im(ro.ise on is o#n.
11
)3* The 3.3 Point
(
Te (ur(ose o& a (lay on te 3>3 (oint is to *e&en* te +orner
territory, an* tis it *oes #it one mo.e, altou! at some e/(ense in
te #ay o& s+ale.
Te bla+k stone in <ia.1 makes a small but &inise* &ortress, an*
tere is not te rus to (lay a simari or kakari tat tere is #it a stone
on te 3>% (oint. Instea*, @ite +an bi*e is time, an* :la+k usually
*e.elo(s, i& at all, #it a lon! e/tension, like 1 in <ia.".
Dia.1 Dia.2 Dia.3
A simari, su+ as 1 or a in <ia.3, is a+tually still a !oo* mo.e, but
it is not ur!ent. :la+k +an a&&or* to e/ten* #i*ely &irst, an* make a
simari later, i& e !ets te +an+e, te reason bein! tat @ite *oes not
a.e su+ !oo* kakari mo.es as e a* be&ore.
Te ne/t t#o *ia!rams so# te basi+ #ays o& makin! a kakari
a!ainst a stone on te 3>3 (oint. @ite +an (ress #it 1 in <ia.%,
#i+ usually lea*s to te Doseki so#n.
Tis takes a*.anta!e o& te lo# (osition o& :la+kCs ori!inal stone
an* ol*s *o#n is territory, but it *oes not make mu+ territory &or
@ite.
1"
Dia.4 Dia.5
Tis kakari is best sa.e* &or use as a tool o& *estru+tion a&ter :la+k
as starte* to buil* u( a lar!e area aroun* is stone. I& @ite #ants to
try &or territory o& is o#n, e #ill make a kakari like 1 in <ia.) &rom
te a((ro(riate *ire+tion, but ere a!ain, +onsi*ere* in isolation, te
result seems !oo* &or :la+k.
Tere&ore, a&ter a (lay on te 3>3 (oint, bot (layers usually stay
a#ay &rom te +orner until *e.elo(ments else#ere make a kakari or
simari a((ro(riate.
)/* The /./ Point
(
Te %>% (oint is like te 3>3 (oint, bot in its symmetry an* in
tat it *e.elo(s more naturally #it a lon! e/tension tan #it a
simari. It is *i&&erent, o#e.er, be+ause #ile a stone on te 3>3
(oint is biase* to#ar*s *e&ense o& te +orner territory, a stone on te %
>% (oint is biase* in te o((osite *ire+tion.
Dia.1
13
@ite +an, in &a+t, in.a*e te +orner *ire+tly, as so#n in <ia.", an*
easily rea+ a li.in! sa(e. Tis in.asion is o&ten use* in te mi**le or
later (art o& te o(enin! as a #ay o& (un+turin! a lar!e territory tat
:la+k as be!un to buil* u( aroun* is stone. It *oes not (ro*u+e a lot
o& territory &or @ite, but it *oes snat+ te +orner a#ay &rom :la+k.
I& @ite is buil*in! to#ar*s an area o& is o#n on, say, te ri!t
si*e, ten te #ay &or im to atta+k te +orner is #it te kakari at 1 in
<ia.3. 7O++asionally @ite a, b, or c is (re&erable to @ite 18. It is
natural to re(ly to an atta+k &rom one *ire+tion by e/ten*in! in te
oterB :la+k " is usually a !oo* mo.e. Ne/t, @ite mi!t e/ten* *o#n
te ri!t si*e.
Dia.2 Dia.3

@ite 1 in <ia.3 *oes not su&&er &rom any s(e+ial *ra#-ba+ks, but
all te same, it is not te ur!ent (lay tat a kakari a!ainst a stone on te
3>% (oint is. :e&ore +ommittin! imsel&, @ite #oul* like to #ait
until te (osition on te #ole boar* in*i+ates &rom #i+ si*e a kakari
#oul* be best, or #eter a 3>3 (oint in.asion #oul* be better. Sin+e
is o((onent *oes not a.e any .ery attra+ti.e simari (lays, @ite +an
a&&or* to *o so.
Ho# soul* :la+k *e.elo( &rom is stone on te %>% (ointG
A simari, su+ as :la+k 1 in <ia.%, is sometimes !oo*, but it *oes
not se+ure te +orner .ery #ell. I& @ite as a stone &urter *o#n te
ri!t si*e, e +an sli*e in to a, takin! a lar!e bite out o& te +orner,
1%
Dia.4 Dia.5
an* e.en te 3>3 (oint in.asion at b is (ossible. 9onsi*erin! tis,
usually te best #ay &or :la+k to *e.elo( is stone is #it a lon!
e/tension, su+ as 1 in <ia.).
@ite o&ten rea+ts to :la+k 1 by makin! te kakari so#n in <ia.1,
be&ore :la+k as a +an+e to e/ten* on te oter si*e as #ell. Te
seEuen+e u( to 1, a sim(le Doseki, mi!t &ollo#, #it :la+k bein!
allo#e* a mo*est amount o& territory on te u((er si*e #ile @ite
makes a base on te ri!t.
Dia.6 Dia.7
It is el(&ul to see #at a((ens #en @ite ans#ers :la+k 1 by
in.a*in! at te 3>3 (oint, as so#n in <ia.4. Te seEuen+e u( to
:la+k 13 no# be+omes te a((ro(riate Doseki, an* &rom @iteCs (oint
o& .ie#, <ia.1 is mu+ (re&erable to tis. :la+k as te makin!s o&
mu+ more territory on te outsi*e tan @ite is !ettin! in te +ornerB
:la+kCs (o#er&ul #all #ill el( to ba+k u( is o(erations all o.er te
boar*, #ile @iteCs !rou( is sut o&& an* useless. Te 3>3 (oint
in.asion must be use* #it +are.
1)
Dia.1 Dia.2
)0* The 3.0 Point
(
Te stone in <ia.1, restin! on te 3>) (oint, is (oise* &or
o(erations on te u((er si*e. In its asymmetri+al stan+e, it in.ites an
early &ollo#-u( (lay >eiter a simari by :la+k or a kakari by @ite
> as *i* a stone on te 3>% (oint.
Te simari in <ia." is te usual #ay &or :la+k to *e.elo(. His
stone #ill, o#e.er, su((ort an e/tension in te *ire+tion o& 1 in <ia.3
#itout te makin! o& a simari, an* :la+k sometimes +ooses tis
#ay.
Dia.3 Dia.4
I& @ite as a +an+e to *o so be&ore :la+k +loses te +orner e #ill
(lay a kakari at 1, a, or b in <ia.%. @e re&er you to a book on Doseki &or
te subseEuent *etails, but @ite !enerally !ets te +orner #ile :la+k
buil*s imsel& u( on te outsi*e.
11
Dia.1 Dia.2
)1* The /.0 Point
(
A stone on te %>) (oint, like te one in <ia.1, (lays a role &airly
similar to one on te 3>) (ointB it stresses te u((er si*e, an* eiter a
simari or a kakari is a bi! &ollo#-u( (lay. Te simari is so#n in
<ia.", an* tree (ossible kakari are so#n in <ias.3, %, an* ).
Dia.3 Dia.4 Dia.5
Te 3>3 (oint kakari at 1 in <ia.3 !i.es :la+k a +an+e to #all o&&
te ri!t si*e #it ", but ten @ite +an a*.an+e alon! te u((er si*e,
startin! #it 3 at a, an* so @ite 1 is use&ul #en @ite #ants to (lay
into tat (art o& te boar*. Te 3>% (oint kakari at 1 in <ia.% *oes not
!i.e @ite tis +an+e to !o alon! te u((er si*e, but it kee(s te ri!t
si*e o(en &or im. Finally, @ite sometimes (lays 1 in <ia.),
aban*onin! te +orner &or te ri!t si*e.
14
)2* E3a"p!e
(
No# letCs see te &ore!oin! i*eas illustrate* in a ty(i+al o(enin!,
taken &rom a (ro&essional !ame. In te e/am(le #e a.e +osen, :la+k
starte* by makin! an imme*iate simari #it 1 an* 3, #ile @ite
mo.e* into te a*Da+ent +orners #it " an* %. :la+k ) o++u(ie* te last
em(ty +orner.
At tis (oint @ite, #it is stones on te %>% an* 3>3 (oints,
a* no (ressin! simari o& is o#n to make, so a kakari in te lo#er
le&t +orner took (re+e*en+e o.er all else.
:la+k ans#ere* #it 4, a (in+er atta+k *esi!ne* to kee( @ite &rom
e/ten*in! u( te le&t si*e. Te seEuen+e &rom 4 to 11 is a Doseki, one in
#i+ @ite se+ures is eye s(a+e by *i.in! into te +orner, #ile
:la+k e/ten*s out alon! te lo#er si*e. In e.aluatin! te result, you
soul* obser.e tat #ile :la+k 4 is still in @iteCs #ay, it is a #eak
stone, an* is not yet el(in! :la+k to &orm any territory.
Tere bein! no oter im(ortant kakari or simari to (lay, @ite no#
ma*e an e/tension u( te ri!t si*e, +omin! as +lose as e *are* to te
bla+k simari in te u((er ri!t +orner. Te area in &ront o& a simari is
Euite .aluable in te o(enin!, an* so tis e/tension #as better tan an
e/tension in any oter *ire+tion &rom eiter @ite " or @ite % #oul*
a.e been.
Ne/t +ame :la+kCs kakari at 13, a lo!i+al #ay o& e/(an*in! te
bla+k area on te lo#er si*e. A&ter @iteCs o++u(ation o& te ri!t si*e
at 1", a bla+k kakari &rom te *ire+tion o& a #oul* not a.e ser.e* as
mu+ (ur(ose. I& :la+k a* &aile* to make te 13>1% e/+an!e an*
Dust !one on to 1), @ite +oul* a.e e/ten*e* to b, makin! a lar!e-
s+ale *ouble-#in! &ormation aroun* te lo#er ri!t +ornerB it is
im(ortant to try to (re.ent tat kin* o& *e.elo(ment. :la+k 1) marke*
te en* o& tis sta!e o& te o(enin!.
15
Example
Tis e/am(le *oes not re(resent a &i/e* (attern. Go as not been
analyHe* to te (oint #ere o(enin! lines +o.erin! te #ole boar*
a.e be+ome establise*, an* it (robably ne.er #ill be. Pro&essionals
an* amateurs alike, e.en tou! tey may kno# lots o& Doseki to be
use* in a((ro(riate situations in in*i.i*ual +orners, are on teir o#n
&rom te &irst mo.e o& te !ame.
Tere are, o#e.er, stan*ar* maneu.ers tat o++ur in all o(enin!s,
re!ar*less o& te arran!ement o& te initial (lays an* re!ar*less o& te
(layersC (ersonal styles. Te remain*er o& tis +a(ter is *e.ote* to
tem, startin! #it te most im(ortant one, e/tension alon! te si*e.
1$
)4* E3tendin5 A!on5 the Side
(
As tis is te basi+ #ay bot o& &ormin! territory an* o& makin! eye
s(a+e, it is te sin!le most im(ortant maneu.er o& te o(enin!. ?ou
+annot buil* territory #it one stone, any more tan you +an buil* a
&en+e #it only one &en+e-(ost.
E/ten* &rom a stone, o#e.er, an* you a.e t#o (osts in te
!roun*B ten you are (re(are* to *e&en* te area bet#een tem.
In e/ten*in!, tere are t#o matters to +onsi*er0 o# &ar to e/ten*,
an* o# i!, 7tat is, at #at *istan+e &rom te e*!e o& te boar*8, to
e/ten*. Te se+on* Euestion !enerally boils *o#n to a +oi+e bet#een
te tir* an* &ourt lines. Te &irst is *e+i*e* on te basis o& te
relati.e stren!ts o& #at is bein! e/ten*e* &rom an* #at is bein!
e/ten*e* to#ar*, te (rin+i(le bein! to (lay +lose to #eak (ositions
an* stay a#ay &rom stron! ones.
Extending in Front of a Shimari
On+e a simari as been ma*e, an e/tension a#ay &rom it, as in
<ia.1, is a lar!e (lay. Here :la+k 1 on te ri!t si*e is bein! ma*e in
te best *ire+tion, be+ause it is an e/tension &rom a t#o-stone #all. It
#oul* be e.en more .aluable i& :la+k , #ere at a. An e/tension to te
le&t on te u((er si*e #oul* be only an e/tension &rom ,, an* #oul*
a.e less territorial (otential.
@at !ui*es :la+k (re+isely to 1G Tis is a ar* Euestion, but as te
mi*(oint bet#een te bla+k an* #ite (ositions, :la+k 1 soul* seem
natural. It also maintains a !oo* balan+e bet#een te simari an* te
(ossible bla+k kakari at 1. :la+k 1 at b #oul* be anoter !oo* i*ea
ere, in+i*entally.
It is Dust as .aluable to e/ten* to#ar* an o((onentCs simari as it is
to e/ten* a#ay &rom one o& your o#n, an* a++or*in!ly @ite 1 in
<ia." is Dust as bi! as :la+k 1 in <ia.1.
@e a.e so#n :la+k res(on*in! at ", as e may #ell *o sooner or
later. E.en tou! :la+k +annot e/ten* as &ar as e #oul* like, any
e/tension in &ront o& a simari is a bi! mo.e.
"2
Dia.1 Dia.2
Ho# se+ure are te areas sket+e* out by te e/tensions in <ias.1
an* "G As tey stan*, tere is room &or any o& tem to be in.a*e*, so
tey are not se+ure at all, but i& an in.asion o++urs, te in.a*er #ill &in*
imsel& &i!tin! at a *isa*.anta!e.
@ile e su++ee*s in takin! a#ay territory in one (la+e, is
o(erations #ill +ause im losses in oter (la+es. For e/am(le, i& @ite
in.a*es at c in <ia.", :la+k +an, #ile atta+kin!, buil* u( a stron!
(osition aroun* is stone "B ba+ke* u( by it, e +an ten return @iteCs
in.asion at d, *oin! as mu+ *ama!e as e as re+ei.e*, or more.
Te (ossibility o& an in.asion bein* a lon! e/tension al#ays e/ists,
but usually some (re(aratory #ork nee*s to be *one be&ore te in.asion
be+omes a (ro&itable .enture. In many +ases te in.asion ne.er +omes.
:y a**in! more stones to is o(en (osition at a((ro(riate times, te
(layer +an !ra*ually stren!ten it, eliminate te (ossibility o& in.asion,
an* se+ure te territory e is aimin! to#ar*s.
"1
Dia.3 Dia.4 Dia.5
So &ar, #e a.e been so#in! e/tensions on te tir* line, but
e/tensions on te &ourt line, su+ as @ite 1 in <ia.3, are !oo*, too.
Te *i&&eren+e bet#een an e/tension on te &ourt line an* one on te
tir* is tat te &ormer as more e&&e+t !oin! to#ar* te +enter, #ile
te latter takes a better !ri( on te si*e territory. In <ia.3 tere is a
+ertain amount o& room bet#een @ite 1 an* te e*!e o& te boar*,
#i+ makes it easier &or :la+k to +arry out an in.asion o& @iteCs
(ros(e+ti.e territory.
:ut te &ourt line is te limit. In <ia.% @ite as straye* too &ar
&rom te e*!e o& te boar*, lea.in! a !a(in! ole at a #ere :la+k +an
+ome in. :la+k also as an easy entry at b.
Tis *oes not mean tat you soul* not (lay abo.e te &ourt line
*urin! te o(enin!. In <ia.), &or e/am(le, a&ter :la+k as alrea*y taken
te best (oint on te e*!e at 1, @ite " #oul* be one !oo* #ay o&
restri+tin! :la+kCs (otential territory.
:ut @ite #oul* (re&er to a.e it te oter #ay aroun*, #it is
stone on te insi*e an* :la+kCs on te outsi*e. For e/ten*in! alon! te
si*e o& te boar*, te tir* an* &ourt lines are te most *esirable.
""
Making a Base
In <ia.1 @ite is (layin! in or*er to !i.e imsel& eye s(a+e, an* te
t#o (oint e/tension to 1 on te tir* line is best. :e+ause is t#o stones
are as +lose to te e*!e as tey are, tere is no #ay to break te
+onne+tion bet#een tem. In <ia.4, &or e/am(le, :la+kCs e&&orts only
result in a stren!tenin! o& @iteCs (osition.
I& @ite e/ten*e* any &urter, as in <ia.5, ten :la+k #oul* a.e
room to in.a*e at ". Various (ossibilities e/ist a&ter :la+k ", but e.en
#itout !oin! into tem, it is easy to see tat @ite is in a *an!erous
(osition, an* is !oin! to a.e to a++e(t some kin* o& loss. He #as not
stron! enou! in tis area to make a tree-(oint e/tension.
Dia.6 Dia.7 Dia.8
"3
A Narrow Extension
As te (re.ious e/am(le soul* su!!est, #en tere is enou!
s(a+e &or it, te basi+ minimal e/tension alon! te tir* line is a t#o-
(oint one. In <ia.$, o#e.er, tere is not enou! room, an* @ite as
to ol* imsel& to a one-(oint e/tension. @ite 1 is too narro# to be
#ort as mu+ as te oter e/tensions #e a.e been lookin! at, but it is
still a &airly bi! (lay, late in te o(enin!, &or it stren!tens @iteCs
+orner #ile treatenin! an in.asion at a. :la+k soul* !enerally
*e&en* at ", lest te in.asion be +arrie* out.
@ite soul* not e/ten* ri!t u( a!ainst :la+kCs stone.
I& e (lays 1 in <ia.12, a !ree*y attem(t to !ain more (ro&it tan is
(ossible, :la+k #ill re(ly at " an* +onne+t at %, be+omin! mu+
stron!er tan e #as in <ia.$.
@ite 1 as !otten burie* by te surroun*in! (lays in tis seEuen+e,
an* is not *oin! as mu+ #ork as eiter :la+k " or :la+k %.
Dia.9 Dia.10
"%
Extending from a Two-Stone Wall
Te basi+ minimal e/tension &rom a t#o-stone #all is a tree-(oint
one, as so#n in <ia.11. :la+k ol*s imsel& to te minimum in <ia.11
be+ause @ite as t#o stron! (ositions on tis si*e o& te boar*, an*
+oul* easily in.a*e i& :la+k e/ten*e* any &arter tan 1. Noti+e, too,
tat :la+k is lea.in! room &or a se+on* !oo* e/tension to a.
@at i& @ite in.a*es te tree-(oint e/tension, #it 1 in <ia.1"G
:la+k soul* ans#er at ", an* altou! tis &i!t +an !et +om(li+ate*,
@ite is at a *isa*.anta!e an* *eser.es to +ome out o& it #it a ba*
result. His in.asion #as (remature. He soul* &irst a((roa+ :la+kCs
&ormation at a, i& e !ets te +an+e, an* ten e +an strike e&&e+ti.ely
at 1.
I& :la+k ma*e only a t#o-(oint e/tension, as in <ia.13, @ite +oul*
+ro#* im &rom te outsi*e at ". In <ia.13 te :la+k stones en+lose too
narro# a territory to be e&&i+ient, an* in &a+t *o not really a.e enou!
s(a+e to be sure o& t#o eyes.
Dia.11 Dia.12 Dia.13
")
Te basi+ e/tension &rom a tree-stone #all is a &our-(oint one, an*
&rom a &our-stone #all, a &i.e-(oint one, (ro.i*e* tere is enou! room
to make it. Tere is, &urtermore, no teoreti+al u((er limit to an
e/tension &rom any (osition, e/+e(t &or te limits im(ose* by te siHe
o& te boar*. Te ne/t *ia!ram #ill &urnis us #it se.eral (ra+ti+al
e/am(les o& e/tensions, bot lon! an* sort.
Dia.14
Te !ame in <ia.1%, taken &rom one o& te 'a(anese (ro&essional
tournaments, as Dust entere* te (ost-simari (ase. :la+k be!ins #it
a +onser.ati.e t#o-(oint e/tension *o#n te le&t si*e to 1, to make a
base &or is stone in te u((er le&t +orner.
@ite takes a*.anta!e o& :la+kCs +onser.atism by e/+an!in! " &or
3, &or+in! :la+k into an o.er+ro#*e* sa(e, as e/(laine* on te
(re.ious (a!e. @ite % kee(s :la+k &rom makin! #at #oul* be a
(o#er&ul (lay at a. ?ou may #on*er #y @ite *oes not e/ten* one
line &arter to te ri!t, but it is better &or im to make a stron!
e/tension, +o.erin! is #eak (oint, an* &ollo# #it a lon!er one later.
"1
:la+k no# as sente, an* e/ten*s to#ar* @iteCs simari #it ) on
te lo#er si*e, lea.in! room &or te &ollo#in! e/tension to 4. @ite
like#ise rea+es to#ar*s :la+kCs simari #it 1, naturally +oosin! te
sa&e t#o-(oint e/tension. @it 5 an* 12, o#e.er, @ite o(ens u( an*
e/ten*s te limit, sin+e e is ba+ke* u( by alrea*y stable (ositions on
bot te ri!t an* u((er si*es, an* is a((roa+in! a relati.ely #eak
bla+k one in te u((er ri!t +orner. @ite 5 is bot an e/tension an* a
kakari.
Take note o& te (riorities &ollo#e* in tis !ame0 &irst an e/tension
to make a base &or an isolate* stone, ne/t e/tensions in &ront o& simari,
an* ten oter e/tensions. :ot :la+kCs an* @iteCs mo.es illustrate
soun* !o strate!y.
No# #e a.e a (roblem &or you to sol.e0 :la+k, in te *ia!ram
belo#, as Dust in.a*e* te lo#er si*e #it te kakari at 1, an* @ite
as ma*e te Doseki res(onse at ". :la+kCs ne/t mo.e is u( to youB make
your +oi+e, an* ten turn te (a!e.
Problem 1
"4
Answer to roblem 1 Dia.1
Te ans#er is a t#o-(oint e/tension on te tir* line, as so#n in
te *ia!ram abo.e. Notin! is so im(ortant as to make a sa&e base &or
te bla+k stone in te lo#er le&t +orner, an* :la+k 1 is te only !oo*
mo.e &or te Dob.
@en #e say Csa&e baseC, #e *o not mean tat tese t#o stones are
(roo& a!ainst any kin* o& assault tat may +ome in te &uture, but &or
te (resent, :la+k is #ell enou! *u! in.
@ite as is eye on a +ounter-e/tension to a, (re+e*e*, as a matter
o& !oo* te+niEue, by te e/+an!e o& @ite b &or :la+k c, but @ite a
is too narro# to be #ort makin! no#.
E.en tou! it is a kin* o& atta+k, :la+k #oul* be able to i!nore it.
:la+k 1 in <ia.1 is too small an e/tension. :y ol*in! imsel& ba+k
unne+essarily in tis #ay, :la+k is only in.itin! @ite ", #i+ +an be
ma*e eiter no# or in te near &uture, an* #i+ lea.es :la+k #it
insu&&i+ient eye s(a+e.
Dia.2 Dia.3
:la+k 1 in <ia.", o#e.er, !oes one line too &ar to be sa&e.
@ite +an *o Euite a bit o& *ama!e by in.a*in! ri!t
"5
a#ay #it ", an* e.en i& e (lays else#ere, te (ossibility o& is
(layin! @ite " later is a terrible im(er&e+tion in :la+kCs sa(e.
I& :la+k (lays on te &ourt line, as in <ia.3, (era(s un*er te
mistaken belie& tat e soul* try to aim into te o(en bay +reate* by
te #ite #all in te lo#er ri!t, @ite #ill not take imme*iate
a*.anta!e o& is error, but Dust e/ten* u( te le&t si*e. :la+kCs (osition
is a bit unstea*y0 @ite a #oul* treaten it>tis #ill el( @ite to
make territory on te le&t>an* tere is te #eak (oint at b #i+ @ite
+an use by (layin! c.
No# anoter (roblem0 a&ter :la+kCs +orre+t (lay, 7 , in te *ia!ram
belo#8, @ite soul* make an e/tension on te le&t si*e. As a test o&
your !o Du*!ement, +oose a (oint on te tir* line &or im, ten look
at te e/(lanation on te ne/t t#o (a!es.
Problem 2
"$
Answer to roblem 2
Dia.1 Dia.2
@ite 1 in te *ia!ram on te le&t abo.e is te best ans#er. Tis is a
bit ar* to (ro.e>!oo* an* ba* are not as +learly *e&ine* as tey #ere
in te (roblem be&ore>but noti+e tat @ite is lea.in! room &or a
se+on* e/tension to a. He is sa&e in rea+in! out as &ar as 1 be+ause e
as tat se+on* (ossible e/tension in &ront o& im, an* be+ause te t#o
stones e as in te rear are in no imminent *an!er o& bein! atta+ke*.
@ite 1 in <ia.1 is almost as !oo*B i& tis #as your +oi+e, you +an
still be satis&ie* #it your &eelin! &or te len!t o& an e/tension. Te
only sli!t +om(laint tat +an be ma*e a!ainst it is tat it lea.es :la+k
a bit more room tan is really ne+essary. :la+k #ill (lay " #itout
*elay.
:ut &rom tis (oint on, te &arter ba+k @ite (ulls is e/tension,
te #orse it !ets. A!ainst @ite 1 in <ia.", :la+k #ill be e/tremely
a((y to be able to make a &our-s(a+e +ounter-e/tension #it ". In !o,
te meek *o not inerit te eart.
32
:la+k " in <ia.3 so#s #at +an a((en to @ite i& e !oes too &arB
e.en one line beyon* te +orre+t *istan+e is a serious error. @ite as
only room &or a one-s(a+e e/tension to 3 #ile :la+k +an make a
(ro(er t#o-s(a+e e/tension to %, an* it is easy to see #o is +omin! out
aea* on tis e/+an!e. A more interestin! #ay &or @ite to (lay, a&ter
:la+k " as e/(ose* is mistake, is to atta+k #it 3 in <ia.%, +ausin!
:la+k an* @ite to soot out #it te (lays &rom % to 12, but tis still
!i.es im a ba* result.
:la+kCs s(earea* in te +enter !reatly re*u+es te use&ulness o& te
#ite #all in te lo#er ri!t +orner, but @ite 1 to $ &ail to a.e any
.ery stron! e&&e+t on te bla+k simari in te u((er le&t +orner. Tis
seEuen+e +oul* also +ome about, by te #ay, i& @ite (laye* 1 at 3 an*
:la+k +ounter-e/ten*e* to ".
Dia.3 Dia.4
31
)6* Pincer Attac7s
(
A (in+er atta+k is a (lay tat atta+ks an enemy stone by takin! a#ay
its room &or e/tension alon! te si*e. Te &un+tion o& a (in+er atta+k is
to kee( te o((onent bot &rom !ettin! territory an* &rom &ormin! a
basis &or eye sa(e.
Tis kin* o& (lay is at its best #en it #orks #it oter &rien*ly
stones to buil* territory #ile atta+kin!.
Dia.1 Dia.2
@ite 1 in <ia.1 is an i*eal (in+er (lay, sin+e it also a((ens to be
an e/tension &rom te en+losure in te lo#er ri!t +orner. :la+k no#
as neiter territory nor room &or eyes at te e*!e o& te boar*, so i& e
is !oin! to (ut is belea!uere* stone in motion, tere is no (la+e &or
im to e/ten* e/+e(t u( into te +enter, #ere e &a+es a *oubt&ul
&uture.
:la+k #oul* ea.e a si! o& relie& i& e +oul* e/ten* to 1 in <ia.",
makin! is (osition sa&e, at least &or te time bein!, an* takin! o.er te
territory at te e*!e tat @ite !ot in <ia.1. Te *i&&eren+e bet#een
tese t#o *ia!rams is enormous.
Pin+er atta+ks are +ommon startin! (oints &or Doseki, es(e+ially in
ans#er to a kakari a!ainst a stone on te 3>% (oint. :la+k 1 in <ia.3 is
ty(i+al. On+e a!ain te basi+
Dia.3 Dia.4
i*ea is tat @ite *oes not a.e enou! room to &orm t#o eyes at te
e*!e o& te boar*, so e must run u(#ar*s into te +enter. His o(e is
3"
tat e #ill be able to make a +ounteratta+k a!ainst one or te oter o&
te bla+k stones emmin! im in. :la+k a an* 1, instea* o& 1, are t#o
more (ossible (in+er atta+ks in tis (osition. E.en :la+k + mi!t be
+alle* a (in+er atta+k, altou! it is not mu+ o& one, sin+e it lea.es
@ite room to make a t#o-(oint e/tension to a.
Pin+er atta+ks +an be ma*e on te &ourt line, too, as at 1, a or I in
<ia.%. A (in+er atta+k on te &ourt line !i.es te o((onent some room
to mo.e aroun* in at te e*!e o& te boar*, #ile a (in+er atta+k on te
tir* line is subDe+t to (ressure &rom abo.e. To make tis i*ea more
+on+rete, an* to illustrate some o& te #ays o& *ealin! #it a (in+er
(lay, ere are t#o o& te Doseki tat <ias.3 an* % +an lea* to.
Dia.5 Dia.6
In <ia.), #ere :la+k , is on te &ourt line, @ite Dum(s out to 1,
ten makes a +ounter-(in+er (lay at 3.
@en :la+k Dum(s out to %, @ite +an +onne+t un*erneat by
(layin! ), rea+in! a stable (osition. Tis is a (ossible sto((in! (la+e
&or te Doseki.
In <ia.1, #ere :la+k , is on te tir* line, @ite a!ain (lays 1, but
no# a&ter :la+k " e strikes &rom abo.e #it 3, an* :la+k runs alon!
te e*!e o& te boar* #ile @ite s(rea*s out in te +enter. @ite
+omes out o& tis Doseki #it no *e&inite territory, but :la+k *oes not
a.e so mu+ imsel&, an* bot o& is (ositions are still .ulnerable to
atta+k.
33
Dia.7 Dia.8 Dia.9
^ elsew!ere ^ elsew!ere

In <ia.4, :la+k usually ans#ers @iteCs kakari by e/ten*in! to a,
but tere are times #en, &or one reason or anoter, e *oes not *e&en*.
@ite +an ten mo.e in &rom te oter si*e by (layin! 3. Altou! tis
(in+er atta+k *oes not kee( :la+k &rom makin! t#o eyes in te +orner,
i& e (lays 1 in <ia.5, #i+ !i.es im a li.in! sa(e, @ite #ill
barri+a*e im in #it ". Tis e/+an!e o& a small +orner territory &or an
outsi*e #all is !enerally in @iteCs &a.or, sin+e is stones a.e
(otential &or *e.elo(ment, #ile :la+kCs a.e (ra+ti+ally none. :la+k
usually (lays 1 at ", a, or b an* &i!ts is #ay out, e.en tou! te
resultin! Doseki a.e a #ay o& a#ar*in! @ite te +orner.
<ia.$ so#s a similar e/am(le in #i+ :la+kCs stone is on te 3> %
(oint. A&ter :la+k 5, @ite +an be e/(e+te* to e/ten* out &rom un*er
:la+kCs o.eran!in! #all on te lo#er si*e, an* :la+k #ill, (era(s,
aim to atta+k @ite 3, ), an* 4 #it a (in+er (lay &rom &arter u( te
le&t si*e.
E/tensions are te basi+ buil*in! blo+ks o& te o(enin!, (in+er
atta+ks are te basi+ o&&ensi.e #ea(ons, an* mo.es #i+ are bot
e/tensions an* (in+er atta+ks are te i*eal.
Tis is a &un*amental strate!i+ (rin+i(le. A +lear a#areness o& it is
#ort &ar more tan any *etaile* kno#le*!e o& Doseki, or o& te oter
te+niEues (resente* in tis book.
3%
)1$* In,asions
(
@ite 1 in <ia.1 lan*s sEuarely bet#een t#o bla+k (ositions, an* is
tere&ore an in.asion. Eiter a bla+k or a #ite (lay at 1 is e/tremely
lar!e. I& :la+k (laye* 1 &irst, e/ten*in! &rom t#o +orners
simultaneously, @ite #oul* a.e no easy #ay to establis imsel& on
te le&t si*e, #i+ +oul* &all entirely to is o((onent. In <ia.1,
o#e.er, @ite as a sa&e &ootol* &rom #i+ e +annot be *islo*!e*.
I& :la+k treatens @ite &rom belo# #it 1 in <ia.", @ite as
room to e/ten* u(#ar* to ". I& :la+k a((roa+es &rom abo.e, as in
<ia.3, @ite as room to e/ten* *o#n#ar*s.
Tis makes @ite 1 in <ia.1 an Irre(roa+able mo.e.
Dia.1 Dia.2 Dia.3
<ia.", in+i*entally, is better &or :la+k tan <ia.3. In <ia.", :la+k 1
is a !oo* e/tension &rom te lo#er le&t +orner, an* :la+k +an still make
!oo* use o& is stone in te u((er le&t +orner, by (layin! 3 at a, &or
instan+e. In <ia.3, o#e.er, @ite as (it+e* is +am( on te &ertile
!roun* in &ront o& te simari, an* tere is notin! :la+k
3)
+an *o about it. :la+kCs (osition in te u((er le&t +orner is still o(en to
in.asion at a an* b, an* it #ill be ar* &or im to rea+ a satis&a+tory
arran!ement o& is stones.
Dia.4 Dia.5
@en a *ouble-#in! &ormation, a .ery *esirable stru+ture, as been
ma*e aroun* a stone on te %>% (oint, as in <ia.%, it is al#ays easy to
in.a*e at te 3>3 (oint. Sometimes tis is a !oo* i*ea an* sometimes
it is notB #en @ite is able to atta+k one o& :la+kCs t#o out(osts on
te si*es, an* in .arious oter +ir+umstan+es, e may *o better to make
a kakari &rom te a((ro(riate *ire+tion an* &i!t on te outsi*e. @ite 1
at te 3>3 (oint *oes a.e te .irtue, o#e.er, tat in all o& te Doseki
.ariations &ollo#in! it, @ite Eui+kly makes a stable, li.in! sa(e. I&
@ite *oes not in.a*e tis &ormation some#ere, :la+k +an &orti&y te
+orner by (layin! a, an* ten @iteCs Dob #ill be mu+ ar*er.
<ia.) so#s te +ounter(art o& tis &ormation in #i+ :la+kCs
+orner stone is on te 3>3 (oint. Tis time tere soul* be no
esitation about (layin! @ite 1, an im(ortant simari-(re.entin!
mo.e. :la+k #ill !et some territory aroun* te e*!es #ile @ite li.es
in te +enter.
31
<ia.1 intro*u+es anoter kin* o& situation in #i+ an in.asion is
(ra+ti+al. Tis time @ite *oes not a.e enou! s(a+e at te si*e to be
sure o& an easy li&e &or imsel&, but e is makin! a (in+er atta+k as #ell
as in.a*in!, an* :la+k , as e.en less elbo# room tan @ite 1. Tis
#ill make it ar* &or :la+k to o.er(o#er @ite 1B i& e tries, @ite as
am(le means o& &i!tin! ba+k.
Te relati.e stren!t o& @ite 1 an* :la+k , is te key to tis
e/am(le, an* i& :la+k , #ere not so inse+ure, @ite 1 #oul* not be
su+ a !oo* mo.e. On te oter an*, i& te bla+k stones in te lo#er
le&t +orner #ere #eaker, ten @ite 1 #oul* be e.en better.
Dia.6
@ile #e are lookin! at tis (osition, note te (la+ement o& @ite
1. @ite a, on te tir* line, #oul* also be +orre+t, but @ite soul*
(lay neiter &arter u( nor &arter *o#n te si*e tan eiter o& tese t#o
(oints.
34
Dia.7
I& e in.a*es at 1 in <ia.4, in or*er to make more o& an atta+k on
:la+k ,, :la+k #ill Dust e/ten* to ", a !oo* e/am(le o& li!t (lay, an*
is (ro&it #ill be !reater tan @iteCs.
I& an in.asion is ma*e into an area tat *oes not &urnis enou!
room &or easy eye &ormation, an* te in.asion *oes not a+t as a (in+er
atta+k, ten te in.a*er is !oin! to be in &or a ar* time o& it. E.en i&
is in.a*in! &or+e mana!es to sur.i.e, its stru!!les to li.e are as likely
to *o *ama!e to is o#n (ositions in oter (arts o& te boar* as to is
o((onentCs territory. Su+ in.asions are +ontrary to !o sense in te
o(enin!, an* altou! tey are o++asionally ne+essary, tey are usually
#ron!.
35
)11* E3tendin5 into the Center
(
:ot (in+er atta+ks an* in.asions ten* to &or+e te (lay u(#ar*s,
an* &or tis an* oter reasons, e/tensions into te +enter turn out to be
Dust about as +ommon *urin! te o(enin! as e/tensions alon! te si*e.
Tey o&ten a.e im(ortant o&&ensi.e an* *e&ensi.e im(li+ations, an*
sometimes tey ser.e to buil* territory *ire+tly.
It is not sa&e to e/ten* as &ar in te +enter as it #as near te si*e o&
te boar*. Te basi+ tools no# are te one-(oint Dum(, te *ia!onal
(lay, an* te keima, #i+ #e sall take u( in tat or*er.
The ne-!oint "ump
<ia.1 so#s a y(oteti+al o(enin! situation. A&ter :la+k as taken
te i*eal (oint bet#een te t#o simari an* @ite as ma*e is
+ounter-e/tension at ", te ne/t or*er o& business on tis si*e o& te
boar* is &or :la+k to make a one-(oint Dum( to 3. @ite &ollo#s suit
#it %. I& :la+k *i* not (lay 3, @ite #oul* &in* it rater easy to
eliminate :la+kCs (ros(e+ti.e territory on te si*e by in.a*in! at a,
but a&ter 3, it is ar* &or im to *o more tan re*u+e :la+kCs territory by
(layin! 1, 7#i+ :la+k +an ans#er at a8.
Dia.1
3$
I& @ite *oes not (lay % in <ia.1, ten :la+k +an make anoter one-
(oint Dum(, as so#n in <ia.", &or+in! @ite into a lo# (osition an*
e/ten*in! is in&luen+e to#ar* te le&t si*e.
@ite soul* (atiently #it*ra# to " an* #ait &or a +an+e to (oke
into :la+kCs #eak (oint at a.
Dia.2
@at about :la+kCs makin! a "-(oint Dum(, as in <ia.3G Te trouble
#it tis mo.e is tat it is too easy &or @ite to break te +onne+tion
bet#een 1 an* 3, so tat :la+k is likely to be &or+e* to stren!ten is
e/tension #it a tir* stone, sometin! e +annot *o .ery e&&i+iently. I&
@ite (lays a, &or e/am(le, :la+k #ill be ar* (ut bot to *e&en* is
si*e territory an* to kee( :la+k 3 &rom bein! +ut o&&.
Dia.3
From a t#o-stone #all, o#e.er, it is usually (ossible to !et a#ay
#it a t#o-(oint Dum( into te +enter>#e see :la+k enlar!in! is
territory #it su+ a mo.e in <ia.%> an* &rom a tree-stone #all a
tree-(oint Dum( may be sa&e.
%2
Dia.4 Dia.5
Tere are some +ommon (in+er Doseki in #i+ a t#o-(oint Dum(
into te +enter &rom a sin!le stone is ma*e. In <ia.), to take one o&
tem, @ite " is a (o(ular ans#er to :la+k 1, altou! te one-(oint
Dum(, 7@ite " at 38, is also (layable. It is not tat @ite " +annot be
+ut o&&>:la+k 3, ), an* 4 so# tat it +an be>but i& :la+k (lays te
+uttin! .ariation, @ite mana!es to buil* u( a (o#er&ul atta+k on
:la+k 1 in return.
:ut te stan*ar* res(onse, i& tere is su+ a tin!, to a (in+er atta+k
is a one-(oint, not a t#o-(oint Dum(. T#o e/am(les o& tis a.e been
so#n alrea*y, on (a!e 33. <ia.1 so#s a tir*, in #i+ :la+k
res(on*s to @ite 1 by Dum(in! out #it ". He is treatenin! te #ite
!rou( to te le&t as #ell as runnin! &or is li&e, an* @ite as to *e&en*
at 3, (ro**in! :la+k into anoter lea( &or#ar* to %.
Dia.6
%1
The #iagonal !la$
@ite " in <ia.1 is a *ia!onal (lay. It is slo#er tan te one-(oint
Dum(, but stron!er, an* in te (arti+ular sa(e illustrate* in <ia.1 it is a
stan*ar* i*ea. :esi*es Dust runnin! out into te +enter, @ite is aimin!
to atta+k at a or b, an* is kee(in! :la+k &rom +onne+tin! is t#o stones.
I& @ite (laye* a one-(oint Dum(, as in <ia.", :la+k #oul* (lay at
3, an* tere #oul* be no #ay &or @ite to *is+onne+t :la+kCs (osition,
a &a+t #i+ you soul* be able to (ro.e &or yoursel&. I& :la+k trie* to
make tis +onne+tion a&ter <ia.1, o#e.er, e #oul* &ail, as so#n in
<ia.3. @ite sa+ri&i+es a stone at " in or*er to *ri.e *o#n #it % an* 1,
ten +ontinues as in <ia.%, an* :la+kCs +ru*e ta+ti+s a.e !i.en @ite a
su(erior result.
Tis same sa(e a((ears in a *i&&erent (osition in <ia.), #ere
:la+k as Dust in.a*e* at 1. @ite " +uts im o&& an* mo.es out to#ar*
te +enter, in anti+i(ation o& a runnin! &i!t.
Dia.1 Dia.2
Dia.3 Dia.4 Dia.5
%"
Dia.6 Dia.7 Dia.8
<ia.1 so#s te *ia!onal (lay at #ork a!ain, tis time makin! a
*etermine* atta+k on @ite .. @ite +an !et a#ay, as so#n in <ia.4,
but :la+k (ressures im in sente u( to 5, ten (lays 12 make some eye
sa(e &or is o#n !rou(.
In tis kin* o& (osition it is al#ays a *i&&i+ult Euestion #eter te
*ia!onal (lay or te one-(oint Dum( is better, an* in &a+t :la+k +oul*
also (lay " in <ia.5. Tis (ermits @ite a some#at easier es+a(e tan
be&ore, but is not ne+essarily #ron!. Tere is also te (ossibility tat
@ite #ill &asion some kin* o& +onne+tion un*erneat at a. 7@e lea.e
te *etails &or you to #ork out8. :la+k +an (re.ent tat by e/+an!in! 1
&or +, but e is relu+tant to *o so, sin+e tat stren!tens @iteCs line an*
*e(ri.es :la+k o& mo.es like d an* e.
%3
The %eima
@ite 1 in <ia.1 is a keima. Tis #or* #as borro#e* &rom te
'a(anese !ame o& so!i, #ere it is te name &or te (ie+e analo!ous to
a kni!t in +ess, an* in some En!lis !o #ritin!s @ite 1 is +alle* a
kni!tCs mo.e.
Te i*ea bein* @iteCs keima at 1 is to nu*!e :la+k to#ar* te
e*!e o& te boar*, tat is, to a.e im (lay at a on te se+on* line.
@ite 1 is better tan te one-(oint Dum( to b, #i+ #oul* let :la+k
e/ten* on te tir* line unin*ere*. In tis Doseki, :la+k usually (lays "
at c.
Te keima is a mo.e #i+ must be ma*e #it +are, sin+e it +an
o&ten be +ut. :la+k 1 an* 3 so# te basi+ +uttin! maneu.er. Here tey
are not usually .ery e&&e+ti.e>e.en i& @ite +annot +a(ture :la+k 1 in
a la**er at a, e seems to a.e te u((er an* #en e (lays %>but
tis so#s you #at to #at+ out &or.
Dia.1 Dia.2
One +ommon use &or te keima is to a*.an+e &rom te tir* line to
te &ourt in ans#er to a +a((in! (lay. In <ia.3, &or instan+e, :la+k 1
aims to#ar* a lar!e territory in te lo#er le&t Euarter o& te boar*.
@ite as to !et into tis area, an* is keima at " is te ri!t mo.e &or
te Dob. 7I& @ite #ere not so +on+erne* #it mo.in! u(#ar*s, ten a
one-(oint e/tension to a on te tir* line #oul* be a stron!er (lay8.
%%
Dia.3
Sin+e tis keima is so +lose to te e*!e o& te boar*, it +an not be
+ut trou! as te (re.ious one #as, but all te same, tere is a so&t
s(ot bet#een te t#o #ite stones tat :la+k +an e/(loit, as so#n in
te ne/t *ia!ram. :la+k sa+ri&i+es a stone at 1, +uts at 3, (lays atari #it
) an* 4, an* tro#s te lo#er si*e into +on&usion by brin!in! about a
ko &i!t. @ite soul* not try to e.a*e te ko by (layin! 1 at 4, sin+e
tat #oul* lea.e :la+k #it a !oo* atta+kin! mo.e at a. @ate.er te
out+ome o& te &i!t, it illustrates te &a+t tat te keima is al#ays a
mo.e #it a #eakness.
Dia.4
%)
Dia.5
Some more ty(i+al keima mo.es +an be seen in <ia.). Tis !ame
starte* #it an in.ol.e* Doseki in te lo#er ri!t +orner tat le&t :la+k
an* @ite #it one #eak !rou( a(ie+e in te +enter. @en @ite
+onne+te* at 1, :la+k (laye* keima at ". E.en tou! tere #as some
*an!er o& an in.asion bet#een " an* :la+k ,, it #as better &or :la+k to
kee( on te eels o& @iteCs #eak !rou( by (layin! " on te &ourt line
tan to make te sa&e, but &lat e/tension at a.
No# @ite (laye* 3 to !i.e is !rou( some breatin! s(a+e,
sometin! tat e a* to *o be&ore e +oul* tink about in.a*in! te
lo#er si*e or atta+kin! in any oter (art o& te boar*. Tis keima, bein!
ba+ke* u( by @ite 1 as #ell as @ite ., +oul* not be +ut. Sin+e it
out&lanke* :la+kCs #eak +enter !rou(, :la+k a* to make an e/tension
o& is o#n, an* +ose %. Tis kin* o& e/tension into te +enter
sometimes +omes ar* to ine/(erien+e* (layers, &or it *oes not seem to
a.e anytin! to *o #it territory, so #e #ant to be sure tat te rea*er
un*erstan*s te reasons &or it.
%1
Firstly, it took te (ressure o&& :la+kCs +enter !rou(. Oter
e/tensions, +loser to te ri!t si*e, #oul* a.e *one so too, but :la+k %
a* te .irtue, se+on*ly, o& (uttin! some (ressure ba+k on @iteCs
+enter !rou(>not .ery mu+, (era(s, but enou! to kee( @ite &rom
riskin! an imme*iate in.asion o& te lo#er si*e. @ite tere&ore (laye*
), an* te tir* (ur(ose o& :la+k % be+ame mani&est, namely, tat it
enable* :la+k to (lay 1, blo+kin! @ite on te ri!t si*e an* obtainin!
tan!ible (ro&it tere.
12* Pushin5 and Cra8!in5
(
<ia.1 belo# !i.es us an e/am(le o& anoter o& te stan*ar*
maneu.ers o& te o(enin!. :la+k as (laye* keima at 1 an* is (usin!
@ite alon! te si*e o& te boar*, &urter isolatin! @ite . an* buil*in!
to#ar* a lar!e e/terior territory. @ite, by +ra#lin! alon! te tir*
line, is !ainin! se+ure territory at te e*!e.
<ia." so#s an i*ealiHe* .ersion o& tis situation. 9onsi*ere* by
temsel.es, @iteCs tir* line territory an* :la+kCs outsi*e #all are
about eEual in .alue, altou! in a+tual (lay tis (osition #oul*
(robably be &a.orable to one si*e or te oter,
Dia.1 Dia.2
*e(en*in! on te e/tent to #i+ :la+k +oul* make use o& is #all &or
buil*in! territory or atta+kin!.
%4
Tis i*ealiHe* .ersion #oul* not be likely to o++ur, o#e.er, in
a+tual (lay, &or in a (usin! an* +ra#lin! battle, one si*e is al#ays a
ste( aea* o& te oter, an* te +om(etition to stan* in tat (ri.ile!e*
(osition +auses breaks an* ben*s to a((ear in te soli* lines.
Te man bein* in a +ra#lin! battle #ill al#ays try to Dum( out an*
!et aea*. For e/am(le, in <ia.1 @ite #as te man bein*, an* is
ne/t mo.e, i& e is !oin! to kee( !oin! alon! te le&t si*e, soul* be
@ite 1 in <ia.3, Dum(in! one line aea* o& :la+k. I& :la+k ans#ers 1,
:la+k a, b, or + #oul* be +orre+t. I& :la+k *oes not ans#er, ten @ite
+an start (usin! to te ri!t, as in <ia.%, e/ten*in! is s#ay in ne#
*ire+tions #ile &or+in! :la+k into a +onstri+te* sa(e. I&, on te oter
an*, @ite *oes not (lay 1 in <ia.3, ten :la+k 1 in <ia.) sto(s im
&or !oo*, an* (uts :la+k in a (osition to make territory in all *ire+tions.
Te .alue o& te mo.es in tese tree *ia!rams *e(en*s u(on #at lies
out o& .ie# in te surroun*in! areas, but !enerally s(eakin!, tey are
all Euite bi!.
Dia.3 Dia.4 Dia.5
%5
Dia.6 Dia.7 Dia.8
h connects
Te man aea* in a (usin! an* +ra#lin! battle #ill try to (ress is
a*.anta!e as soon as (ossible by (layin! a mo.e kno#n as a ane,
7(ronoun+e* a-ne8, in &ront o& is o((onentCs stones. In te Doseki in
<ia.1, &or e/am(le, :la+k loses no time in (layin! ane at %, &or+in!
@ite *o#n to te se+on* line. Noti+e, o#e.er, tat e (lays strai!t
out at 5 instea* o& tryin! a se+on* ane at a, sin+e :la+k a #oul* lea.e
too many +uttin! (oints &or @ite to +o( into.
@ite, &or is (art, *oes not #ant to +ra#l alon! te se+on* line any
&arter tan ne+essary, so instea* o& +ontinuin! #it a, e (lays $ an*
11 in <ia.4. He +an *o so in sente, sin+e te +uttin! (oint at b &or+es
:la+k to +onne+t at 1". @ite as !one &ar enou! alon! te se+on*
line tat :la+k +annot (lay a in sente, so i& @ite #ants to +ra#l &arter
u( te le&t si*e at some time in te &uture, +an+es are tat e #ill be
able to *o so.
<ia.5 !i.es anoter .ariation o& tis Doseki, in #i+ :la+k (lays a
se+on* ane #it 1, instea* o& (layin! 1 in <ia.1. Altou! 1 be+omes
a sa+ri&i+e stone, :la+k !ets to make a soli* #all #it 3 an* ), an*
@ite +an no lon!er be sure o& (layin! a in sente.
%$
Many Doseki in.ol.e (usin! an* +ra#lin! o& one kin* or anoterB
<ia.$ so#s anoter o& tem. First :la+k Dum(s out at % to !et a ste(
aea* o& is o((onent, ten #it ar*ly time to +at+ is breat, e
ben*s u(#ar* #it 5 an* 1". His (osition seems to be &ull o& +uttin!
(oints, but @ite +an !ain sur(risin!ly little a*.anta!e &rom tem.
?ou +an see tis Doseki bein! use* in an a+tual !ame in <ia.12.
A&ter te mo.es &rom @ite 5 to :la+k 1$, #i+ *u(li+ate te
seEuen+e in <ia.$, @ite takes time out &rom te (usin! an* so.in!
to +ut at "2, &or+in! :la+k "1, an* ten (lay "". Tis is as mu+ as e
+an *o #it all te +uttin! (oints at is *is(osal. :la+k (lays atari at "3,
o&&erin! to !i.e u( 1 an* $ in return &or @ite 15.
Dia.9 Dia.10
)2
Tis y(oteti+al e/+an!e is (i+ture* in <ia.11, #ere &or te sake
o& +larity #e a.e remo.e* te +a(ture* #ite stone &rom te boar*.
@iteCs (ro&it in te +orner is not small>t#enty (oints #oul* be a
!oo* estimate &or te .alue o& @ite 1>but :la+kCs +a(ture +om(letely
o.ersa*o#s @iteCs #all, as #ell as e.ery oter (art o& te boar*, an*
is e.en more .aluable.
Te a+tual !ame +ontinue* as in <ia.1", #it @ite an* :la+k
sa.in! teir stones at "% an* ") res(e+ti.ely, ten +ontinuin! te
(usin! battle u( to @ite %2. :la+k (laye* %1, &or e +oul* not allo#
@ite to take tat (oint an* start a se+on* #all, an* te !ame entere*
anoter (ase. On te le&t si*e, :la+k a* rou!ly &i&ty (oints o&
territory in te bank, but @iteCs #all, in +oo(eration #it te t#o
stones marke* ., !a.e im a &ully eEual (osition.
Dia.11 Dia.12
)1
:y no# you soul* be!in to a.e a &air i*ea o& #at (usin! an*
+ra#lin! are all about. To el( you re&ine your te+niEue in tis
im(ortant (art o& te !ame, #e are !oin! to en* tis se+tion by #orkin!
trou! a &e# more e/am(les.
In <ia.13, 7anoter Doseki8, #e see a (osition in #i+ @ite as
*one some +ra#lin! alon! te &ourt line. Tis is an a*.anta!eous line
alon! #i+ to +ra#l, but in s(ite o& tat, i& it is @iteCs turn to !o ne/t,
e soul* (lay te keima at 1, !i.in! u( altitu*e &or s(ee*. I& it is
:la+kCs turn, ten o& +ourse a is a bi! mo.e.
Soul* @ite Dust (lo* aea* #it 1 in <ia.1%, :la+k #ill (us im
to te si*e o& te boar* #it te *ouble ane at " an* %. Altou! :la+k
seems to be runnin! a risk in lea.in! t#o +uttin! (oints o(en, te best
tat @ite +an *o is to (lay ), lettin! :la+k +onne+t at 1. Tis is +learly
mu+ #orse &or @ite tan te (re.ious *ia!ram.
I& @ite tries to resist, instea* o& lettin! :la+k +onne+t, is stron!est
(lay is 1 an* so on in <ia.1), but :la+k 12 treatens bot a an* b, an*
@ite as &aile*. E.en i& te la**er *oes not #ork, so tat @ite +an
+a(ture tree bla+k stones by (layin! c, te seEuen+e o& :la+k a, @ite
d, :la+k e !i.es :la+k te stron! outer #all e is seekin!.
Dia.13 Dia.14 Dia.15
)"
Dia.16
So &ar #e a.e been lookin! at (usin! battles tat ran alon! te
e*!e o& te boar*, so (era(s it is time to so# one tat !oes u(#ar*s.
@ite 1 in <ia.11 is (laye* bot to *e.elo( te #eak stone . an* to
atta+k :la+k ,. :la+k (uses ba+k #it " an* %, ten s(rints out #it a
keima to 1. @ite also Dum(s aea*, to 4, an* :la+k !oes ba+k to make
some eye s(a+e &or imsel& by (layin! 5. 6ater on, a #ill be te key
(oint in te +enter &or #oe.er #ants to +ontinue te runnin! &i!t.
Tis kin* o& si*e-by-si*e &li!t into te +enter &or &ree*om is a +ommon
teme in te o(enin! an* early mi**le !ame, an* #e a.e alrea*y
obser.e* se.eral oter .ariations o& it.
)3
@e +lose tis se+tion by stu*yin! one more +ase in.ol.in! a
(usin! battle in te +enter o& te boar*. In <ia.14, :la+k .ery ba*ly
#ants to !et te (oint 4, makin! a ni+e e/tension &rom is stone ,,
a.oi*in! a #ite (in+er, an* atta+kin! te t#o #ite stones in te u((er
le&t +orner.
First, o#e.er, e (lays te a!!ressi.e *ouble ane at 1 an* 3. Te
e/+an!e u( trou! $ sees @ite #it a stron!, in&luential +enter
(osition, #ile :la+k as !otten to make t#o mo.es on te u((er si*e,
an* as some +an+e le&t to (ut 3 to #ork in te &uture. Tis #ole
seEuen+e #ill be e/amine* in te ne/t &i.e *ia!rams.
Dia.17
To be!in #it, i& :la+k (lays 1 in <ia.15 #itout makin! any
(re(aratory mo.es, @ite #ill Dum( out to ". Tis may not seem so
*i&&erent &rom te a+tual seEuen+e, but no# @ite is *e.elo(in!
e&&ortlessly, an* te bla+k stones marke* , are mu+ #eaker tan tey
#ere a&ter @ite 1 in te (re.ious *ia!ram.
)%
Dia.18
A&ter :la+k tries to (us @ite asi*e #it 1 in <ia.1$, @ite may
&eel in+line* sim(ly to e/ten* *o#n te si*e to ", but ten :la+k 3
&or+es @ite %, an* #en :la+k atta+ks #it ), e as a +onsi*erable
amount o& stren!t an* territorial (otential in te +enter. Aater tan
a++e(t tis, @ite soul* (us ba+k by (layin! " at 3.
Dia.19
))
Dia.20
No# it is :la+kCs turn to be #ary o& (layin! in too rela/e* a manner.
I& e Dust !oes alon! #it 3 an* ) in <ia."2, ten a&ter @ite 1 an*
:la+k 4, @iteCs si*e is mu+ lar!er tan in te last *ia!ram, an* :la+k
*oes not a.e any#ere near te (ros(e+ts &or e/(an*in! in te +enter
tat e a* be&ore. Furtermore, i& @ite *oes not min* bein! atta+ke*
on te le&t, e +an (lay 1 in <ia."1, an* :la+k #ill !et notin! at all on
te u((er si*e.
Dia.21
)1
So it is im(erati.e tat :la+k (lay te *ouble ane at 3 in <ia."",
an* a&ter atari at %, @ite as to *e&en* at 1. :la+k is re#ar*e* &or is
ener!eti+ ta+ti+s by a.in! built u( is (osition in sente, so tat is
atta+k at 4 assumes mu+ !reater si!ni&i+an+e #en &inally it +omes.
@ite % is a more im(ortant stone tan te t#o in te +orner, #i+ are
ali.e but no lon!er a.e mu+ s+o(e &or a+tion, so ne/t te e/+an!e o&
@ite a &or :la+k b, &ollo#e* by eye-makin! mo.es by @ite on te
u((er si*e, is natural.
Dia.22
)4
CHAPTE% 2 Nine Concepts
)1* +a7e 9our Stones :or7 To5ether
(
?ou +an (robably ima!ine o# te &irst t#el.e stones o& te !ame
in <ia.1 #ere (laye*. :la+k as ma*e a simari an* e/ten*e* *o#n te
ri!t si*e, #ile @ite as Dust ma*e a kakari in te lo#er le&t +orner
an* establise* imsel& on te le&t si*e. No# it seems to be :la+kCs turn
&or a kakari in te u((er le&t +orner. @i+ si*e soul* e atta+k &romG
No e/(erien+e* (layer #oul* miss :la+k 1 an* 3 in <ia.1.
Tese mo.es +ombine #it te tree bla+k stones on te ri!t to
!i.e :la+k immense territorial (ros(e+ts in te u((er ri!t Euarter o&
te boar*, an* e is !ainin! momentum #it e.ery ste(. Ea+ one o&
is stones ei!tens te .alue o& te oters. Ne/t :la+k a, #i+ #oul*
a.e been rater stran!e be&ore 1 an* 3, as be+ome a lar!e (oint, an*
#e sall return to tis (osition a little later.
Dia.1
)5
Tere is a +ertain kin* o& !o (layer #o +annot bear to see is
o((onent make any territory, an* #o #oul* tere&ore be tem(te* to
break u( te le&t si*e #it :la+k 1 in <ia.". Te Doseki trou! :la+k )
&ollo#s. :la+kCs ne#ly &orme* !rou( is +ro#*e* in bet#een t#o
stron!er #ite (ositions, an* as no relation to any o& te oter bla+k
stones on te boar*. Te territory tat @ite +annot !et on te le&t si*e
e #ill take on te u((er si*e, an* e as is eye o(en to te (ossibility
o& atta+kin! :la+k 1, 3, an* ) #en e !ets te +an+e. :la+k as
+om(letely lost ste(.
:ut i& te (osition in te lo#er le&t +orner #ere sli!tly altere*, as in
<ia.3, :la+k 1 #oul* be+ome reasonable. No# :la+kCs (lays #oul* be
#orkin! #it is simari to sEueeHe te t#o #ite stones +au!t in
bet#een, #i+ #oul* be e.en #eaker tan te bla+k !rou( abo.e
tem. Aelationsi(s like tese are #at make (lays #ork, or &ail to
#ork, in te !ame o& !o.
Dia.2 Dia.3
)$
)2* E--icienc;
(
E&&i+ien+y means makin! te ma/imum o& territory #it te
minimum o& stones. Tis is #at !o is all about, an* all o& te a*.i+e in
tis book is really Dust !ui*an+e on o# to (lay e&&i+iently. <urin! te
o(enin!, besi*es !oin! &or te +orners an* e/ten*in! alon! te si*es,
e&&i+ient (lay means al#ays sear+in! te boar* &or te area #ere te
lar!est (lay is (ossible, takin! all te a*.anta!e you +an o& your o#n
stron! (ositions an* your o((onentCs #eak ones, an* ne.er #astin!
time on unne+essary mo.es. 6etCs look at one e/am(le.
Te !ame in <ia.1 be!an #it :la+k (layin! on te %>% (oints an*
@ite on te 3>% (oints. Ne/t +ame :la+kCs kakari at ), +osen o.er a
(ossible kakari in te u((er le&t +orner be+ause it #as also an e/tension
&rom :la+k 3. @ite 1 starte* a +ommon Doseki, #i+ :la+k &inise*
by e/ten*in! to 11, (i+kin! te &ourt line instea* o& te tir* Dust as a
matter o& taste.
Dia.1
12
A!ainst @iteCs kakari at 1", #i+ ke(t :la+k &rom makin! a
*ouble-#in! e/tension, :la+k use* te (in+er (lay at 13, an* te mo.es
&rom 1% to "" &ollo#e*.
Tis Doseki o&ten en*s #it :la+k ne/t (layin! a, but ere tat mo.e
#oul* be ine&&i+ient.
:la+kCs best (lay is so#n in <ia.", #ere :la+k 1 an* 3 #ork
beauti&ully #it :la+k , an* te t#o stones &arter u( te ri!t si*e to
ma( out a really lar!e area. @ite +annot !et u( o&& te tir* line on te
lo#er si*e. It is best &or im to (lay ", ten lea.e tat (art o& te boar*
&or te time bein!, (era(s +oosin! te kakari at % &or is ne/t mo.e.
@ite . as its ba+k to a soli* #all o& bla+k stones, an* must be
aban*one* &or te &orseeable &uture.
I& it *oes not o++ur to :la+k to (lay 1 an* 3, ten an e/tension to b,
or a kakari in te u((er le&t +orner, #oul* be almost as !oo*, but :la+k
a #oul* be a mistake.
Dia.2
11
Dia.3 Dia.4
Tis (lay, so#n in <ia.5, *oes not take a*.anta!e o& :la+kCs
stren!t, an* be+omes a sort o& #aste&ul o.erkill *ire+te* a!ainst @ite
., #ile *oin! notin! to alt @iteCs mo.ements on te lo#er si*e.
9onsi*erin! te number o& bla+k stones in te area, @ite . soul* *ie
a natural *eat #itout :la+k 1 a.in! to be (laye* at all.
In a (osition like <ia.%, o#e.er, #ere :la+k *oes not a.e te
rein&or+ements tat e a* be&ore, :la+k 1 is a !oo* mo.e. Tis time, i&
@ite . !ot loose, :la+k +oul* &in* imsel& atta+ke* bot abo.e an*
belo#. :la+k #oul* no lon!er #ant to (us #it 1 an* 3 in <ia.),
be+ause @ite +oul* +limb u( onto te &ourt line #it % an* 1.
1"
Dia.5 Dia.6
I& @ite a* a stone alrea*y in (la+e &urter to te le&t, e +oul*
e.en rea+ te &i&t line by (layin! 1 at a. I& :la+k trie* to +ut un*er
@ite %, as in <ia.1, @ite #oul* (us im *o#n #it 1, blo+k at 5,
an* :la+k #oul* a.e to +ra#l a#ay, i& e +oul*, alon! te se+on* line.
)3* P!a; A8a; -ro" Stren5th
(
Tis is an im(ortant (rin+i(le o& te !ame, an* it a((lies bot to
your o((onentCs stron! (ositions an* to your o#n. To (lay +lose to
enemy stren!t is ine&&e+ti.e, an* sometimes *an!erousB to (lay +lose
to your o#n stren!t is ine&&i+ient.
Te (ro&essional !ame intro*u+e* in <ia.1 belo# starte* #it
simari an* e/tensions all aroun* te boar*, &ollo#e* by a Doseki in te
lo#er ri!t +orner tat !a.e bot si*es stron! (ositions. Imme*iately
a&ter it, @ite (laye* 1 an* 3 to trim *o#n :la+kCs territory on te ri!t
ai*e, +oosin!,
Dia.1
13
as only ma*e sense, te more o(en (art o& it &or is intrusion.
His +oi+e ser.es as te &irst illustration o& te main (oint o& tis
se+tion.
For +om(arison, see #at a((ens in <ia.", #en @ite (lays 1 on
te #ron! si*e, an* :la+k *ri.es to te le&t #it " an* %. :la+k is *oin!
a !reat *eal to stren!ten an* enlar!e is area in te u((er ri!t #it
tese mo.es, #ile @ite 1 an* 3 &ail to arm :la+kCs stron! lo#er
ri!t +orner at all. Te &e# (oints o& territory tat @ite may be able to
take a#ay &rom :la+k in te area aroun* 1 *o not a** u( to mu+ o&
anytin!.
:ut #e are mainly intereste* in te (lays tat &ollo#e* @ite 1 an*
3 in <ia.1. @ite #as tinkin!, (era(s, o& :la+k 1 an* 3 in <ia.3,
#i+ are a kin* o& Doseki in tis sa(e, an* #i+ !i.e im te +an+e
to (lay a .ery ni+e keima at %. He is treatenin! to +ut o&& an* surroun*
te simari in te u((er ri!t +orner, but i& :la+k *e&en*s #it ), @ite
+an +ombine % #it anoter keima at 1 to take +ontrol o& a u!e
(otential territory on te u((er si*e.
Dia.2 Dia.3
1%
1)
Tis seEuen+e, in #i+ @ite simultaneously re*u+es :la+kCs
territory an* buil*s u( is o#n, (uts im #ell out in &ront. Te reason is
tat :la+k 1, 3, an* ) .iolate te (rin+i(le o& (layin! a#ay &rom stron!
stones, in tis +ase, te stones in te lo#er ri!t +orner.
:la+k, bein! a (ro&essional (layer, #as #ell a#are o& tis, an* so e
+ame u( #it a more interestin! an* e&&e+ti.e seEuen+e. In or*er to
atta+k @ite #itout +ausin! a re*un*an+y o& (o#er, e (laye* 1 in
<ia.%. @ite *e&en*e* is #eak stones #it ", an* :la+k *ro.e *ee(
into is o((onentCs (otential territory #it 3, ), an* 4, re.en!in!
imsel& &ully &or te *ama!e tat @ite #as +ausin! on te
ri!t si*e. :la+k 1 is not te kin* o& e/tension to be (laye* all te time,
but te (arti+ular +ir+umstan+es o& tis !ame ma*e it #ork #ell. Te
tri+k o& lea.in! stron! stones to look a&ter temsel.es in or*er to break
!roun* in some ne# *ire+tion is al#ays use&ul, one o& te easier
te+niEues to learn an* one o& te most re#ar*in! to (ut into (ra+ti+e.
Dia.4
11
)/* Thic7ness and :a!!s
(
A #all, as te #or* is use* in !o, is a soli*, or nearly soli*, line o&
stones tat *oes not &a+e te e*!e o& te boar*. Ti+kness re&ers to a
(osition #it no #eak (oints. Pusin! o(erations an* Doseki o&ten
(ro*u+e #alls, or ti+kness, or ti+k #alls, in te o(enin!, an* te key
to an*lin! tem +an be (artly &oun* in te (rin+i(le o& te (re.ious
se+tion. It is al#ays #ron! to (lay +lose to ti+kness. It is similarly
un#ise to (lay +lose to a #all, sin+e tat eiter +auses an ine&&i+ient
&ormation, i& te #all is one o& your o#n, or lea*s to bein! atta+ke*, i&
te #all is one o& your o((onentCs. A #all, o#e.er, is inerently use&ul
&or makin! territory, an* is &oolis to i!nore. It is e/tremely *esirable to
e/ten* &rom your o#n #alls an* to#ar*s your o((onentCs, but at te
same time, it is *esirable to *o so at a *istan+e tat *oes &ull Dusti+e to
te (o#er o& te #all. Te (ro&essional !ame #i+ #e a.e taken to
illustrate tis se+tion so#s se.eral e/am(les o& te (ro(er te+niEue.
<ia.1 !i.es te mo.es tat #e are intereste* in. Te Doseki (laye* in
te lo#er le&t +orner as le&t :la+k a ti+k !rou( #it a #all &a+in! u(
te le&t si*e, an* @ite sets about trimmin! *o#n :la+kCs area by
(ressin! on te bla+k stone in te u((er le&t +orner #it 1.
@ite 1 *oes not kee( :la+k &rom takin! territory on te le&t si*e, as
e.entually be *i* by (layin! 5, so it is &air to ask #y @ite *i* not (ut
is stone *o#n at 1 in <ia.", in.a*in! te le&t si*e an* also makin! a
(in+er atta+k a!ainst :la+k,.
A+tually, tis !ets @ite into trouble. :la+k +ounters #it " an* %,
+reatin! a serious +uttin! (oint at a, an* #it is ti+kness in te lo#er
le&t, e as @ite 1 in an un+om&ortable (osition, too. @ite as .ery
little to o(e &or in te +omin! &i!t. CStay a#ay &rom ti+knessC is a
basi+ (rin+i(le o& !o, #i+ @ite 1 in <ia." blatantly .iolates.
14
Dia.1 Dia.2
I& #e turn tin!s aroun* as in <ia.3, o#e.er, @iteCs (in+er atta+k
at 1 be+omes a !oo* mo.e, better no# tan @ite a #oul* be.
Dia.3
:ut in te !ame un*er +onsi*eration, @ite 1 in <ia.% #as +orre+t.
@ite #as o(in! tat :la+k #oul* ans#er at " an* let im e/ten*
a+ross te u((er si*e to 3. In or*er to take a*.anta!e o& te #all ma*e
by 1, e soul* !o tat &ar, or to a at te .ery least.
15
Dia.4
:la+k " in <ia.% is a bi! mo.e, but someo# it looks narro# an*
ina*eEuate in relation to te ti+kness in te lo#er le&t +ornerB you *o
not a.e to be a stron! (layer to a((re+iate tis. @iteCs &ull e/tension
to 3 is a more e&&i+ient (lay, an* so :la+k reDe+te* tis *ia!ram.
1$
Dia.5
Instea*, e took te (oint on te u((er si*e &or imsel&, as so#n in
<ia.). Sin+e e #as e/ten*in! to#ar* a #ite #all, e *i* not #ant to
!et too +lose, but at te same time, e *i* not #ant to (lay too &ar a#ay.
Pra+ti+e* Du*!ement #a.ers bet#een :la+k 1, te mo.e (laye*, an*
:la+k a, #i+ #oul* still a.e le&t @ite not enou! room &or a &ully
e&&i+ient +ounter-e/tension.
I& :la+k a* e/ten*e* one line &urter tan e *i*, (layin! 1 in
<ia.1, @ite #oul* a.e +ut in bein* im at ", #it s(a+e &or a !oo*
e/tension to % in &ront o& im.
:la+k #oul* la+k a similar amount o& s(a+e to te le&t o& 1. His best
e/tension #oul* be into te +enter #it 3, but <ia.1 is a +lear &ailure &or
im.
Dia.6
42
To return to te a+tual !ame, @ite ne/t (laye* 1 an* 3 in <ia 4,
buil*in! a ti+k, i! #all, an* :la+k imme*iately e/ten*e* to#ar* it
#it %, to &orestall a kakari a!ainst te u((er ri!t +orner. A mo.e like
% is so im(ortant tat it be+omes almost a re&le/ in an e/(erien+e*
(layer. It is not ne+essary to +ome .ery &ar *o#n te si*e to kee( @ite
&rom !ettin! &ull .alue &or is ti+kness. :la+k +oul*, as a matter o&
&a+t, a.e a&&or*e* an e/tension to a, but e *i* not nee* to !o tat &arB
it #oul* a.e been unsa&e &or im to e/+ee* te (oint a.
:la+k 1 in <ia.5 +omes one ste( too +lose to @iteCs ti+kness, an*
in.ites *isaster. A&ter (re(aratory (lays at " an* %, @ite in.a*es at 1,
#ereu(on e an* :la+k +ase ea+
Dia.7
41
Dia.8
oter out into te +enter in te seEuen+e trou! 12. :la+k !ets a#ay,
but @ite 1" strikes into te u((er si*e.
:la+k is !oin! to lose Euite a bit more tere tan e as taken a#ay
&rom @ite in te lo#er ri!t, an* te #eakness o& :la+k 1, 4, $, an*
11 may (la!ue im &or te rest o& te !ame.
6ookin! ba+k to <ia.4, in te a+tual !ame bot (layers a* mana!e*
to *eal su++ess&ully #it ea+ oterCs ti+kness. Te (ositions on te
le&t an* ri!t #ere rou!ly (arallel to one anoter, neiter (layer
a.in! as mu+ room to e/ten* u( te si*e as e #oul* a.e like*. In
s(ite o& tat, o#e.er, tere #as still room enou! &or t#o Euite lar!e
(lays, an* te (layers *i* not let teir *isa((ointment *eter tem &rom
makin! #at use tey +oul* o& teir stron! (ositions.
4"
Dia.9
@iteCs ne/t (lay #as 1 in <ia.$, an* :la+k mat+e* it #it " on te
oter si*e o& te boar*. Tese (lays seem about eEually .aluableB @ite
+oul* Dust as #ell a.e taken te u((er le&t +orner #it a, lea.in! :la+k
to mo.e anoter len!t *o#n te ri!t si*e to b. Eiter #ay lea.es te
bla+k an* #ite (ositions in eEuilibrium, an* attention si&ts to te
lar!est remainin! o(en s(a+es, on te u((er an* lo#er si*es.
A #ay &or @ite to *eal #it te latter>not, as it
Dia.10
43
a((ens, te #ay e +ose, but (era(s te #ay e soul* a.e +osen
>is !i.en in <ia.12. @ite (uses #it 1 an* 3, ten imme*iately
e/ten*s to#ar* te ti+k #all tat tis +reates &or :la+k by (layin! ),
+oor*inatin! all is stones .ery #ell.
)0* Open at the Botto"
(
Te (osition in <ia.1 is rater arti&i+ial, but it illustrates an
im(ortant +on+e(t in !o. @ite as (laye* a Doseki in te lo#er ri!t
tat !i.es im a stron! outer #all in return &or te +orner territory. No#
it is :la+kCs turn, an* it #oul* be (ro(er &or im to e/ten* to#ar*
@iteCs ti+kness by (layin! a or 1. @i+ o& tese t#o (oints is
betterG Te key to tis situation is te bla+k stone marke*
Dia.1
:la+k 1 in <ia." is #ron!. @ite #ill, o& +ourse, make a kakari at ",
an* a&ter :la+k 3, e +an buil* to#ar* Euite a lar!e area #it %, or some
su+ mo.e.
4%
Dia.2
Te ri!t mo.e &or :la+k to make is 1 in <ia.3. @ite " an* % are
similar to " an* % in te (re.ious *ia!ram, e/+e(t tat no# @iteCs
&la!si( territory as a ole in it belo# te #aterline, &or :la+k +an
Dum( out &rom , to a, a (lay tat re*u+es @iteCs territory by a
sur(risin!ly lar!e amount. 9onsi*erin! tis, it #oul* a+tually be better
&or @ite to make is kakari &rom te oter si*e, at b, or to take te
lar!e (oint at c on te u((er si*e, tan to (lay ".
4)
Dia.3
:la+k soul* not (ani+ an* Dum( out to a #it is ne/t mo.e, &or at
tis early sta!e o& te !ame oter (oints are bi!!er. Tus @ite may
!et te +an+e to (lu! te leak by (layin! at te (oint bet#een a an* ,,
but te &a+t tat e nee*s tis tir* mo.e to seal o&& is territory is
enou! to so# tat " an* % are ine&&i+ient. :la+k , makes te lo#er
si*e an unim(ortant (la+e &or eiter (layer to (lay.
Tis +on*ition is +alle* CsusoakiC in 'a(anese, a #or* tat means
Co(en at te bottomC.
41
)1* The Third Line and the Fourth
(
<ia.1 so#s te (osition a&ter tirty-&i.e mo.es in a re+ent
+am(ionsi( !ame. A runnin! battle a* !i.en @ite about tirty
(oints o& territory alon! te u((er si*e, #ile :la+k a* te be!innin!s
o& a siHeable territory in te lo#er le&t Euarter o& te boar*. @ite ma*e
te kakari at 1 to kee( :la+kCs territory un*er +ontrol, an* ten
e/ten*e* to 3. In tis se+tion, #e sall stu*y is reasons &or (layin! 3
on te &ourt line, an* te +onseEuen+es o& is *oin! so.
:ut &irst, #ile #e a.e te o((ortunity, #e #ant to mention :la+k
". Tis is not te usual #ay to ans#er a kakari, but ere te +on*itions
on te le&t si*e ma*e it +orre+t. :la+k " in <ia." +omes too +lose to te
tree stones marke* , to be e&&i+ient. Es(e+ially +onsi*erin! tat te
+orner +an still be in.a*e* at te 3>3 (oint, :la+k is !ettin! no#ere
near enou! territory &or is e&&ort.
Dia.1 Dia.2
44
:ut to return to te main Euestion, #at ma*e @ite (lay 3 in <ia.1
on te &ourt lineG
<ia.3 so#s #at a((ens #en @ite (lays on te tir* line.
:la+k strikes #it " an* %B a stone on te tir* line al#ays in.ites tis
kin* o& (ressure &rom abo.e. :la+kCs (lays not only enlar!e is
territory, tey also intensi&y te (ressure on @iteCs eyeless +enter
!rou(. Furtermore, sin+e @ite . is on te tir* line, it #ill be ar* &or
@ite to make a lar!e amount o& territory on te lo#er si*e, e.en i&
:la+k ne.er in.a*es tere. In te o(enin!, it is not a !oo* i*ea to strin!
all your stones out alon! te tir* line like tis.
In s(ite o& te (re+e*in! tira*e, @ite 1 in <ia.3 is not really a ba*
mo.eB it is still too early in te !ame to make (ositi.e Du*!ements. It
+ertainly looks as i& +ir+umstan+es +all &or an e/tension on te &ourt
line, but it is im(ossible to +riti+iHe te e/tension on te tir* line .ery
arsly, es(e+ially sin+e it is ri!t in so many oter (ositions.
Dia.3
45
Dia.4
In <ia.%, &or e/am(le, #ere :la+k as only , on te le&t si*e an*
@ite . is on te %>% (oint, @ite soul* *e&initely e/ten* as so#n.
To (lay @ite 1 at a #oul* only be to ask &or an in.asion o& te lo#er
si*e.
Dia.5
4$
A stone on te &ourt line al#ays in.ites an in.asion, an* in te
!ame un*er stu*y, :la+k ma*e a lan*in! strai!ta#ay #it " an* % in
<ia.). :la+k % +on&ronte* @ite 1, aimin! un*er an* bein* it, in te
same #ay tat @iteCs kakari at . a* +on&ronte* :la+k , a &e# mo.es
earlier, an* :la+k no# a* te initiati.e.
Dia.6
@ite 1 in <ia.1 looks like a reasonable (in+er (lay to make to
(rote+t te #ite stones to te le&t, but (ro&essional Du*!ement reDe+te*
it. :y (layin! tat #ay, @ite seems to be s(rea*in! imsel& too tinly.
:la+k " atta+ks te stone in te lo#er ri!t +orner. At te same time,
@iteCs +enter !rou( is #eak, an* e.en a&ter @ite 1, te (ossibility o&
:la+kCs in.a*in! an* atta+kin! te !rou( on te lo#er si*e e/ists, so
@ite may soon &in* imsel& in trouble in one (la+e or anoter.
52
Dia.7
It #as better &or @ite to (lay 1 in <ia.4 an* tolerate :la+kCs
e/tension to ". @ite 3, :la+k %, an* @ite ) &ollo#e*. A&ter tis
:la+k atta+ke* in te +enter, but sin+e @ite a* &orme* t#o stron!
!rou(s on te lo#er si*e, e a* no trouble *e&en*in!. @ite 3 re*u+e*
:la+kCs territory, too, anoter a*.anta!e in @iteCs +oosin! tis line o&
(lay.
51
)2* %e,erse Strate5;
(
CI& you #ant to (lay on te ri!t, (us &irst on te le&t, soun*s like a
&ra!ment o& Oriental nonsense, but it is o&ten te ri!t strate!y in !o.
For an e/am(le letCs look ba+k to an earlier sta!e o& te !ame tat
a((eare* in te (re.ious se+tion.
Te situation #as ten as so#n in <ia.1, an* :la+kCs main +on+ern
#as to atta+k te t#o #ite stones marke* ., a!ainst #i+ e a*
alrea*y ma*e a (in+er (lay. His o#n (air o& stones in te u((er le&t
+orner, o#e.er, #ere none too stron! temsel.es, an* in (arti+ular,
@ite #as treatenin! to +ut trou! at a. :la+kCs task #as to
stren!ten imsel& in su+ a #ay as to kee( u( te atta+k e a* starte*.
Te tri+k #as &or :la+k to (us a!ainst te #ite stones on te
u((er si*e, te ones e #as not intereste* in atta+kin!.
Dia.1
5"
Dia.2
:la+k 1, 3, an* ) in <ia." #ere one #ay o& *oin! tis. Altou! te
last o& tese (lays #as +learly sa+ri&i+ial, it &or+e* @ite to (lay 1 an*
5, #ile :la+k +onne+te* at 4 an* Dum(e* out to $. He no# a* a
stron!, un+uttable line o& stones, an* a* !reatly im(ro.e* is (osition
in relation to te t#o #ite .Cs, #i+ #ere still as #eak as e.er.
Dia.3
53
5%
Moreo.er, e #as treatenin! to sut @ite in by (layin! a, a!ain
makin! use o& :la+k ) an* isolatin! te tree #ite stones in te u((er
ri!t +orner. @ite a* to *e&en* #it 1 in <ia.3, an* :la+k +ontinue*
to (us a!ainst te u((er si*e #it " an* %. @en e &inally stru+k #it
1, te atta+k e a* been aimin! to#ar*, e a* a lon! an* soli* #all to
sEueeHe @ite a!ainst. Tis #as a !oo* e/am(le o& re.erse strate!y
bein! use* to buttress an assault.
To see re.erse strate!y bein! use* in anoter #ay, letCs look at te
(osition in <ia.%. Tere te (art o& te boar* tat +alls &or imme*iate
attention is te u((er si*e, #ere a #eak #ite stone lies ne/t to a #eak
bla+k !rou(. @ite must *o sometin! ri!t a#ay to kee( :la+k &rom
(layin! a, but in te lon!er run, te re!ion tat is most im(ortant is on
te le&t si*e. For one tin!, te area tat :la+k as ma((e* out tere is
bi!!er tan anytin! else on te boar*, an* &or anoter, te tree stones
marke* , are #eak, so tat @ite as a !oo* +an+e to atta+k.
Dia.4
5)
Sin+e @ite #ants to enter te area on te le&t, e soul* start by
(usin! a!ainst :la+k on te ri!t, by (layin! 1 in <ia.). I& :la+k
ans#ers (assi.ely #it ", @ite #ill (us alon! #it 3 an* ), ten
Dum( out to 4, buil*in! a +ano(y tat (romises a !reat *eal o& *ama!e
to te le&t si*e. :la+k ", %, an* 1 *o not a.e a similar e&&e+t on te
ri!t si*e be+ause o& te stron! line o& stones marke* . tat @ite as
tere.
Dia.5
Aater tan allo# tis, :la+k #ill (lay " an* % in <ia.1, but no#
@ite is mo.in! smootly an* naturally to te le&t. It is as i& e as
tro#n imsel& at :la+k, an* :la+k as &lun! im ba+k in Dust te
*ire+tion e #ants to !o, #it a**e* momentum.
In tis !ame, :la+k no# &a+e* a *i&&i+ult +oi+e o& mo.es.
E.entually e *e+i*e* to +ast imsel& ea*lon! into te atta+k #it 1
an* 3 in <ia.4, e.en tou! it meant *ri.in! @ite *ire+tly into te
area e a* been o(in! &or, an*
51
Dia.6
le&t im #it &ri!tenin!ly little a+tual territory. @ite " in tis
seEuen+e is anoter e/am(le o& re.erse strate!y tat #e sall e/amineB
&irst @ite elbo#e* :la+k in one *ire+tion, ten e sot aea* in
anoter.
Dia.7
54
Dia.8 Dia.9
I& @ite a* Dust ma*e anoter one-(oint Dum( &or#ar*, as so#n in
<ia.5, :la+k #oul* a.e #el+ome* te o((ortunity to *e&en* te le&t
si*e #it 3. @ite " #oul* not be el(in! @iteCs +ause .ery mu+B e
#oul* still be t#o mo.es a#ay &rom !ettin! out into te +enter.
I& :la+k *e&en*e* #it 3 a&ter @iteCs *ia!onal e/tension in <ia.$,
o#e.er, @ite +oul* es+a(e #it one mo.e at %. On+e is runnin!
!rou( is out o& *an!er, e still as room to in.a*e te le&t si*e or te
u((er le&t +orner, an* :la+k as a runnin! !rou( o& is o#n tat +an
+ome un*er atta+k.
55
)4* Li5ht and Hea,;
(
Te +on+e(ts o& li!t an* ea.y (lay are im(ortant in te o(enin!
an* te mi**le !ame. :ot o& tem re&er to te #ay a (layer an*les
imsel& in (arts o& te boar* #ere e is #eak. CHea.yC is a term o&
+riti+ism, use* to *es+ribe a stubborn, slo#-#itte* (lay tat only ser.es
to make a !rou( o& #eak stones bi!!er, #itout stren!tenin! it or
+ounteratta+kin! in any si!ni&i+ant #ay. A ea.y !rou( is one tat as
!ro#n too &at to be !i.en u(, but is ser.in! no (ur(ose e/+e(t tat o&
(ro.i*in! te o((onent #it sometin! easy to atta+k. A li!t !rou( is
one tat, altou! #eak, is not in a (osition to be e&&e+ti.ely atta+ke*,
or i& atta+ke*, +an be sa+ri&i+e*. 6i!t (lay re&ers to te kin* o& &ast an*
sli((ery style tat !i.es te o((onent no bi! tar!ets to it. 6etCs look at
a +ou(le o& e/am(les.
In te !ame in <ia.1, @ite as Dust (laye* ., isolatin! one o&
:la+kCs stones an* a*.an+in! to#ar* te u((er ri!t +orner. Ho#
soul* :la+k ans#erG
5$
Dia.1
$2
Dia.2
:la+k 1 in <ia." is te ri!t #ay to brin! te isolate* stone out into
te +enter, but ere it is a ea.y mo.e. @ite as room to e/ten* to "B
no# is !rou( as a base on te si*e an* :la+kCs *oes not. 9arin! &or
tis ea.y !rou( is !oin! to be a nuisan+e to :la+k &or some time to
+ome, #ile atta+kin! it #ill be a sour+e o& bot (leasure an* (ro&it to
@ite. He +an buil* u( is o#n stren!t by +asin! it, ten in.a*e at a,
&or e/am(le.
Dia.3
$1
Te +orre+t, li!t (lay is :la+k 1 in <ia.3, #i+ o&&ers to let @ite
a.e , an* te territory aroun* it on te u((er si*e, but takes &ull
+om(ensation in te u((er ri!t +orner. @ite as no +oi+e but to
a++e(t te o&&er, &or a&ter :la+k 1, :la+k a #oul* be+ome bot an
es+a(e an* an atta+k. First @ite e/+an!es " &or 3>tis (ro&its im
on te le&t si*e, an* i& e is !oin! to +a(ture :la+k ,, e #ill a.e no
nee* to (lay 3 imsel& as an eye-makin! mo.e>ten e tra(s :la+kCs
stone #it % an* 1. :la+k is (er&e+tly a((y. Te %-) e/+an!e as
ma*e is u((er ri!t +orner .ery stron!, an* :la+k ,, #i+ as been
only loosely +a(ture*, remains as a sort o& ten*er s(ot in te belly o&
@iteCs territory.
6i!t (lay is es(e+ially +alle* &or in re*u+in! lar!e areas tat te
o((onent is buil*in! u(, an* as an e/am(le o& tis, #e return to te
!ame #e le&t on (a!e )$. <ia.% so#s te (osition rea+e*. :la+k as
lai* te &oun*ations o& a !iant territory in te u((er ri!t Euarter o& te
boar*, an* it is @iteCs mo.e. I& @ite +ontents imsel& #it buil*in!
Dia.4
is o#n territory by e/ten*in! to 1 in <ia.), :la+k #ill (lay ". @ite 3
$"
makes a *ouble-#in! &ormation aroun* te simari in te lo#er ri!t
+orner, but :la+kCs territory is *e.elo(in! on a lar!er s+ale, an* +an
!ro# &aster, tan @iteCs.
Dia.5
Tere&ore, @ite soul* (lay 1 in <ia.1. Tis is a li!t mo.e. @ite
*oes not !o in too &ar, lest e be atta+ke*, but settles &or makin! a
mo*est-siHe* *ent in :la+kCs (ros(e+ti.e territory. Te seEuen+e &rom "
to 1 is natural, an* ne/t @ite lea.es is ne#, li!t !rou( as it is, to
e/ten* to 4 an* $. 9om(are :la+kCs territory no# #it #at it #as in
te last *ia!ram, takin! note tat @ite +an s(lit te u((er si*e by
(layin! a at some time in te &uture. E.en tou! @ite 1, 3, an* ) *o
not a.e mu+ in te #ay o& eye sa(e, sin+e tey are ri*in! *o#n
:la+kCs territory &rom abo.e, tere is no .ery (ro&itable #ay &or :la+k
to atta+k tem. His ne/t mo.e #as a+tually an in.asion at te 3>3
(oint in te u((er le&t +orner.
$3
Dia.6
@at i& @ite a* ma*e a *ee(er in.asion, +oosin!, #e ima!ine, 1
in <ia.4G In some +ir+umstan+es tis #oul* be a !oo* mo.e, but not
ere, an* any e/(erien+e* (layer, seein! @ite 1, #oul* tink to
imsel&, Ctoo ea.yC.
Ne/t, our e/(erien+e* (layer #oul* (on*er &or a bit. It is one tin!
to a++use a mo.e o& bein! ea.y, an* anoter to see o# best to take
a*.anta!e o& te mistake.
:la+k a, @ite b, :la+k c in <ia.4 are one i*ea tat +omes to min*,
Dia.7
$%
Dia.8
but a&ter some tou!t, :la+k " in <ia.5 seems to #ork better. Te
seEuen+e u( to @ite 13 &lo#s naturally, an* :la+k se+ures is territory
on te ri!t #ile atta+kin! @ite #it 1 an* 1".
@ite as, o& +ourse, re*u+e* :la+kCs territory by mu+ more in tis
*ia!ram tan e *i* in <ia.1, but on te oter an*, e as not ma*e
any territory &or imsel&. Furtermore, :la+k as !otten to (lay ", %, 5,
an* 12, makin! a #all in te +enter #i+ #ill su((ort an e&&e+ti.e
in.asion at a on te le&t si*e.
@it 13 @ite as !otten out into te o(en, but is !rou( still *oes
not a.e t#o eyes, a &a+t tat as +onseEuen+es all o.er te boar*. On
te lo#er si*e, &or e/am(le, :la+k +an e/ten* to b. Normally @ite
#oul* a.e no trouble in.a*in! bein* tis e/tension, but no#, #it
one #eak !rou( alrea*y &loatin! in te u((er ri!t, e may not be able
to a&&or* anoter. All in all, @iteCs in.asion as turne* out to +ost
im a !reat *eal.
$)
Tere is one more e/am(le &or us to look at, tis time o& (lays
*esi!ne* to make te o((onentCs stones ea.y. Most o& te early a+tion
in te !ame in <ia.$ as taken (la+e in te lo#er al& o& te boar*, but
stable (ositions a.e been rea+e* all aroun*, an* :la+kCs lo#-lyin!,
stron! stone at , makes te ri!t si*e an unin.itin! (la+e to (lay, so
attention +enters on te lar!e o(en s(a+e on te u((er si*e. It is :la+kCs
turn.
Dia.9
$1
Dia.10
:la+k #oul* like to take te bi! (oint &or imsel& #it 1 in <ia.12,
but tat *oes not #ork out .ery #ell. @ite lea(s on is ba+k #it "
an* %, &or+in! :la+k 3 an* ), an* :la+k 1 be+omes an ine&&i+ient stone.
:la+k #oul* ne.er a.e botere* to make su+ a small e/tension &rom
a sa&e (osition i& 3 an* ) a* been in (la+e alrea*y. @ite buil*s on a
lar!e s+ale #it 1 an* 5 an* takes te lea*. 7I& :la+k &aile* to (lay 4, by
te #ay, @ite 4 #oul* seal im in ti!tly8.
As a #ay o& (re.entin! tis ba* result, :la+k mi!t try te *ia!onal
e/tension at 1 in <ia.11. @ite #oul* ten take te lar!e (oint at ".
:la+k turns is attention to#ar* @ite ., but tis stone is li!t, an*
ar* to atta+k. I& :la+k makes a (in+er atta+k #it 3, @ite li.es easily
#it %, 1, an* 5. @ite " an* te stones in te lo#er ri!t (retty #ell
nulli&y :la+kCs out#ar*-&a+in! #all.
$4
A&ter @ite ", it #oul* be mu+ better &or :la+k to e/+an!e 3 &or %
in <ia.1", so as to make @ite ea.ier, be&ore atta+kin! #it ). No#
@ite +annot rea+ te li.in! sa(e tat e !ot be&ore, an* :la+k as
sometin! to o(e &or, but still, @ite +an an*le imsel& by (layin! 1.
Dia.11 Dia.12
$5
Dia.13
Te best #ay is &or :la+k to make @ite ea.y &rom te .ery
be!innin! by (layin! 1, 3, an* ) in <ia.13. A!ain, @ite #ill take te
lar!e (oint on te u((er si*e #it 1, but no# #en :la+k makes is
(in+er, e as tree stones to atta+k, instea* o& Dust one or t#o. :la+k 4
takes a key (oint in tis sa(e, an* @ite *oes not #ant to mo.e into
te +enter #it a, be+ause :la+k #ill turn im #it b, &or+in! im to
make an em(ty trian!le at c.
$$
@ite +annot a&&or* to (re.ent te atta+k #it 1 in <ia.1%, lettin!
:la+k !et te key (oint at ". It is rater (ointless &or @ite to e/ten*
to#ar* a stone like , B on te ri!t si*e neiter e nor :la+k stan*s to
make territory at any !reat rate.
Te +orre+t #ay &or @ite to ans#er :la+kCs (in+er, &ollo#in!
<ia.13, is to run into it ea*-on #it 1 in <ia.1). :la+k +an sut @ite
in by (layin! a or, as seems best ere, e +an +ome *o#n #it " to
kee( @ite sort o& eye s(a+e. @ite Dum(s out at 3, an* :la+k %
#orks #ell. 6ater on, :la+k #ill return to atta+k @iteCs ea.y !rou(,
usin! (ressure a!ainst it to !ain (ro&it on te u((er si*e, or else#ere
on te boar*.
Dia.14 Dia.15
122
)6* Attac7 and &e-ense
(
:y no# te rea*er as seen many e/am(les o& runnin! battles, tat
is, o& !rou(s #itout a*eEuate eye s(a+e at te si*e o& te boar* bein!
+ase* out into te +enter, an* e soul* a.e a &airly !oo* i*ea o& te
*isa*.anta!es o& bein! un*er atta+k. Te main one is tat you +annot
.ery #ell sto( to make territory #ile you are &leein! &or sa&ety. At te
same time, i& your o((onent +an mana!e to &orm territory #ile +asin!
you, ten e #ill be makin! (ro&it in te most e&&i+ient #ay (ossible.
E.en i& e +annot buil* territory *ire+tly, e +an usually *eri.e some
kin* o& a*.anta!e &rom treatenin! you. E.ery unsa&e !rou( you a.e
to look a&ter is a liabilityB e.ery #eakness in your (osition a sour+e o&
(ro&it to your o((onent.
Te te+niEues o& atta+k an* *e&ense belon! mostly to te
mi**le !ame, but te battles #a!e* tere a.e teir
Dia.1
121
ori!ins in te o(enin!, an* teir strate!i+ im(li+ations nee* to be
un*erstoo* tere. @e sall brin! tis +a(ter to a +lose by lookin! at
tree o(enin! situations in #i+ (lay #as !ui*e* by +onsi*erations o&
atta+k an* *e&ense, startin! #it a .ery sim(le one, illustratin!
*e&ensi.e strate!y.
?ou may not re+o!niHe te Doseki tat as been (laye* in te u((er
le&t +orner in <ia.1, but it *oesnCt matter, sin+e te seEuen+e o& mo.es
tere is irrele.ant to our *is+ussion. It is no# @iteCs turn. I& you run
your eye o.er te boar* you #ill see se.eral lar!e (oints, but one o&
tem is mu+ more im(ortant tan te oters. No one +an a&&or* to miss
a (lay like tis.
@ite must #itout &ail +onne+t at 1 in <ia.". Tat lets :la+k e/ten*
to " on te ri!t si*e, but @ite as no #eak !rou(s to #orry about,
an* &rom tis (oint on e +an (lay #it a &ree an*.
Dia.2
12"
Dia.3
I& @ite (lays 1 in <ia.3, aimin! at te in.asion (oint a, :la+k #ill
+ut at ", (uttin! te #ite stones in te u((er le&t +orner on te run.
@ite #ill a.e no time to (lay a until tis !rou( is out o& imme*iate
*an!er. Furtermore, #it one !rou( *ri&tin! unstea*ily in te +enter,
e is unlikely to be able to a&&or* an in.asion at b on te u((er si*e.
Dia.4
123
Not only tat, but is !rou( on te le&t si*e is rater #eak, an* c
+oul* easily be+ome :la+kCs senteB tis e/tension is not .ery #i*e, but
it stren!tens te lo#er le&t +orner si!ni&i+antly. @iteCs tirst &or (ro&it
on te ri!t si*e #ill en* u( +ostin! im *early in e.ery oter (art o&
te boar*.
@ite 1 in <ia.% is a ba* mistake #i+ #e trust none o& our rea*ers
#oul* make. 9losin! o&& te le&t si*e in tis #ay is mu+ less im(ortant
tan (re.entin! te +ut. :la+k (lays ", an* @ite as te same trouble
on is an*s as in <ia.3.
As anoter e/am(le o& *e&ensi.e strate!y in o(eration, #e sall
stu*y te mo.es so#n in <ia.), &ollo#in! :la+kCs (in+er (lay at 1 an*
e/tension to 3. @iteCs +ounter-e/tension to % a* te a*.anta!e o&
kee(in! :la+k 1 an* 3 #eak, altou! @ite a on te le&t si*e #oul*
a.e been Dust as !oo*. :la+kCs keima at ) (rom(te* @ite 1 an* 5 in
te +orner, an* altou! tese mo.es more or less &ollo#e* Doseki, tey
#ere !ui*e* by +onsi*erations o& atta+k an* *e&ense. 6etCs start by
lookin! at @ite %.
Dia.5
12%
Dia.6 Dia.7
One Doseki .ariation as @ite makin! (in+er atta+k on te ri!t
si*e as so#n in <ia.1. In tis !ame, o#e.er, a&ter :la+k mar+es out
#it " an* %, @ite is in a (re*i+ament, &or is tree stones on te
lo#er si*e *o not a.e eye s(a+e yet, an* te stron! bla+k stone marke*
, in te u((er ri!t +orner lea.es im #it no !oo* (lay on te ri!t
si*e. Te bla+k !rou( in+lu*in! " an* % is #eak, but one #eak !rou(
bet#een t#o #eak enemy ones is a stron! (osition to a.e.
I& , #ere a #ite stone, ten @ite 1 #oul* not be in so mu+
*an!er, an* @ite #oul* a.e te u((er an*, but as it stan*s, :la+k ,
makes @iteCs (in+er atta+k turn out ba*ly. @ite 1 !oes a!ainst te
(rin+i(le o& not +on&rontin! stron! stones.
Tus @ite (laye* 1 in <ia.4 instea*, an* :la+k built u( te ri!t
si*e #it ". @ite 3 an* ) #ere e/tremely im(ortant mo.es. Tey
ma*e +orner territory, tey un*er+ut :la+kCs ri!t si*e, an* most o& all,
tey !a.e @ite a sure, li.in! sa(e.
12)
I& @ite omits tese mo.es to o++u(y te lar!e (oint at 1 in <ia.5,
:la+k sli*es into te +orner at ". @iteCs stones are no# rootless, an* as
e &lees blin*ly into te +enter, :la+k stren!tens imsel& on one si*e
#it % an* takes territory on te oter #it 1. To be atta+ke* like tis,
#en tere is notin! to +ounteratta+k a!ainst, is intolerable. @e a.e
ere te ar+ety(e o& a ea.y !rou( on te run, a (er&e+t e/am(le o& a
!ame !oin! *o#n te *rain be+ause o& &ailure to take te most
elementary *e&ensi.e (re+autions.
Dia.8
121
Dia.9 Dia.10
:e&ore !oin! on, it is #ort notin! tat @ite +an li.e by (layin! 1
in <ia.$, instea* o& a. Tis !i.es im sente, but is in+orre+t all te
same. :la+k " stren!tens te !rou( on te lo#er si*e a((re+iably.
@ite a, aimin! un*er te bla+k stones on te ri!t si*e an* lea.in! te
!rou( on te lo#er si*e in a more .ulnerable +on*ition, is a (lay #ell
#ort takin! !ote to make.
Sin+e #e are talkin! about atta+k an* *e&ense, it is interestin! to see
#at a((ens i& :la+k be+omes o.erly a!!ressi.e an* (lays 1 in
<ia.12, instea* o& te keima at a.
@ite ans#ers #it " in <ia.11, an* (uses out into te o(en #ile
:la+k +ra#ls alon! te tir* line. Tis time :la+k
Dia.11 Dia.12
is not makin! so mu+ territory on te ri!t si*e, an* @ite +an
make !oo* use o& is #all by atta+kin! te t#o stones on te lo#er
si*e. I& :la+k ans#ers @ite " by (usin! trou! an* +uttin!, as in
<ia.1", @ite is in a !oo* (osition to (ut u( a &i!t, sin+e :la+k as
tree #eak !rou(s to look a&ter at on+e.
124
<ia.13 so#s te &irst si/teen mo.es o& te last e/am(le !ame in
tis +a(ter. A&ter te initial +orner mo.es, @ite (laye* 1 an* 5 on te
lo#er si*e, an alternati.e to a simari in te lo#er ri!t +orner. :la+k
ma*e a kakari at $, ten #ent to te u((er le&t to buil* territory on te
u((er si*e.
A&ter :la+k 1), @ite ma*e a &i.e-line e/tension to 11. Te key to
un*erstan*in! tis o(enin! turns out to be @ite 12, sittin! &irmly on
te tir* line.
Dia.13
125
I& @ite a* (ut tis stone on te &ourt line, as so#n in <ia.1%,
:la+k #oul* a.e &ollo#e* an entirely *i&&erent strate!y, (layin! " on
te ri!t si*e instea* o& makin! te kakari at a. In*ee*, tis e/tension in
&ront o& a simari is te normal mo.e to e/(e+t, an* te rea*er may be
#on*erin! #y it #as not +osen in te a+tual !ame.
:la+k " in <ia.1), o#e.er, .iolates te (rin+i(le o& not (layin! in
te *ire+tion o& stron! stones. It is a !oo* mo.e as &ar as te u((er (art
o& te boar* is +on+erne*, but it as (ra+ti+ally no a*.erse a&&e+t on
@ite 1. Tat is, @ite 1 is too stron! to be treatene* by any bla+k
e/tensions to#ar* it, but it is too lo# &or :la+k to a.e to #orry about
@iteCs makin! a lot o& territory by e/ten*in! u( &rom it.
Dia.14 Dia.15
12$
Dia.16
A&ter @iteCs si/teent mo.e in te a+tual !ame, :la+k #oul* a.e
like*, amon! oter tin!s, to in.a*e te ri!t si*e, but tat #as out o&
te Euestion. I& e a* te temerity to (lay 1 in <ia.11, @ite " #oul*
!i.e im sometin! to tink about. T#o se(arate*, #eak stones like 1
an* , a.e no business bein! on te boar* tis early in te o(enin!.
:la+k may tink tat e is *estroyin! is o((onentCs territory, but e is
!oin! to a.e is an*s &ull kee(in! is in.asion &rom turnin! into a
sui+i*e mission, #ile @ite *oes as e (leases. @ite #as #ell a#are
o& all tis #en e ma*e is e/tension u( te si*e.
An in.asion *oes make sense at tis (oint, but te (la+e &or it is not
on te ri!t. I& #e tink o& te stron!, soli* (osition o++u(ie* by @ite
., an in.asion tere *oes not seem like su+ a !oo* i*ea a&ter all, e.en i&
it +oul* be mana!e* #itout bein! +ut a(art by @ite ". It *oes not (ay
to try to &i!t a!ainst a stone like ..
112
<ia.14 so#s a more (romisin! i*ea. :la+k be!ins by *e.elo(in!
is #eak stone #it 1 an* 3, el(in! is o((onent, in a #ay, by
remo.in! any (ossibility o& breakin! o(en te ri!t si*e, but limitin!
@ite to a mo*est amount o& territory tere, takin! a*.anta!e o& te
lo# (osition o& @ite .. Ne/t, i& @ite (lays %, :la+k in.a*es at ).
:la+k 1 an* 3 make it tat mu+ ar*er &or @ite to &i!t ba+k, an*
altou! :la+k may not be able to +a(ture eiter o& te t#o stones tat
is in.asion +onies bet#een, e soul* be able to kee( @ite &rom
makin! any territory at all on te lo#er si*e.
Dia.17
In te a+tual !ame, @ite *i* not !i.e in so easily to :la+kCs ta+ti+s,
but resiste* by (layin! 1 an* 3 in <ia.15 instea* o& % in <ia.14.
Te (ur(ose o& tis +ombination #as to (ut a +uttin! (oint into
:la+kCs &ormation, so tat @ite #oul* a.e sometin! to aim at in te
&i!tin! aea*B
111
Dia.18
tis, too is one o& te te+niEues o& te o(enin!. :la+k, un*ismaye*,
buttresse* is line #it %, 1, 5, an* 12, ten in.a*e* at 1", an* #at
+ame ne/t belon!s to te mi**le !ame. In +ase you are #orrie*,
o#e.er, i& @ite (uses trou! an* +uts #it 1 an* 3 in <ia.1$,
:la+k +an ans#er at %, an* all #ill be #ell.
Dia.19
11"
CHAPTE% 3
Ten Pro!e"s
(
It as amuse* us, in te &irst +a(ter, to +olle+t an* +lassi&y some o&
te more +ommon mo.es an* sa(es o& te o(enin!, an* in te se+on*,
to try to or!aniHe te subDe+t on strate!i+ (rin+i(les, but #e a.e been
a#are all alon! tat #at te rea*er is !oin! to a.e to *o, #en it
+omes *o#n to a+tual (lay, +an be best *es+ribe* as lookin! &or te bi!
(oints on te boar* an* *e+i*in! #i+ is bi!!est. Teoreti+al
kno#le*!e #ill el( im, but &or te most (art e #ill a.e to rely on
is o#n (o#ers o& .isualiHation, #i+ are best sar(ene* trou!
e/(erien+e. Te &ollo#in! are ten o(enin! situations tat a.e
+on&ronte* te autor or is o((onents at .arious times in te (ast.
Ea+ is (resente* as a (roblem, an* you are in.ite* to look at te !ame
*ia!ram an* sele+t your mo.e. On te tree (a!es &ollo#in! ea+
(roblem #ill be &oun* an ans#er *ia!ram so#in! .arious reasonable
+oi+es, ranke* &rom 12 (oints &or te best mo.e *o#n#ar*s, an* some
e/(lanation o& #at te (roblem is all about.
Tere are many times in te !ame o& !o #en it is im(ossible to
*e+i*e #i+ o& t#o or more likely-lookin! mo.es is better, an* tere
are many times #en one mo.e +an be (robably i*enti&ie* as te best,
but se.eral oters are +lose bein* in merit. Tere are also times #en
#e sim(ly *o not a.e a +lueB no one +an (reten* to say o# te &irst
&our stones o& te !ame soul* be (laye*, &or instan+e. Tis is #y !o
a*mits so many *i&&erent styles o& (lay, an* remains &as+inatin! e.en to
(ro&essional (layers.
Te situations in te &ollo#in! (roblems, o#e.er, are not o& tis
.a!ue ty(e. As te ans#er *ia!rams #ill so#, tere #ill al#ays be
se.eral &airly !oo* mo.es, 74 (oints or abo.e8, an* te rea*er soul*
+on!ratulate imsel& &or &in*in! any o& tem, but te autor *oes not
a.e any !reat Eualms in rankin! te best +oi+e #ell aea* o& te
oters.
113
Problem 1
:la+k to (lay
11%
Te &o+al (oint o& te !ame as it stan*s no# is te unsettle* (osition
on te ri!t si*e. :la+k soul* make a (in+er (lay at eiter o& te t#o
(oints marke* 12, atta+kin! te #ite stones marke* . #ile &ormin!
territory in &ront o& is simari. I& you +ose to (lay one line i!er,
at one o& te (oints marke* 5 in te u((er ri!t, you +an take +re*it &or
&in*in! te ri!t *ire+tion o& (lay, but you are bein! too timi*.
Dia.1 A&ter :la+k 1, @ite soul* (us out into te +enter #it "
an* %, ten Dum( to 1, 7or, i& e (re&ers, kee( (usin! at a8. Tis starts a
&our-#ay &i!t bet#een t#o #eak bla+k !rou(s an* t#o #eak #ite
ones. It #ill be *i&&i+ult, but :la+k as alrea*y stake* out is +laim on
te best !roun* by (layin! 1.
11)
Dia.1
Dia.2. :la+k 1, +a(turin! t#o stones an* tiein! :la+kCs &or+es
to!eter, is an im(ortant (oint, but @ite " makes @iteCs (osition
sa&e, too, an* robs :la+k o& territory on te ri!t si*e.
Dia.3. Similarly, i& :la+k (lays 1 an* 3, @ite #ill e/ten* to %, #it
notin! to &ear &rom :la+kCs +uttin! at a.
Dia.2 Dia.3
111
Dia.4 Dia.5
Dia.4. I& @ite ans#ers :la+k 1 *ire+tly by (layin!, say, ", :la+k
#ill +a(ture at 3. @ite, is tree stones on te ri!t si*e san*#i+e*
bet#een t#o stron! bla+k (ositions, &a+es a *reary (ros(e+t. @ite
+annot (lay tis #ayB te &i!t in <ia.1 is ine.itable.
Dia.5. I& :la+k (lays on te le&t si*e, 1 looks best, but ten @ite
#ill (lay ", %, an* 1, an* be one mo.e aea* on te ri!t si*e o& #ere
e #as in <ia.1.
Dia.6. For your re&eren+e, te (osition in te lo#er ri!t +orner
arose &rom tis (in+er Doseki.
Dia.6
114
115
Problem "
:la+k to (lay
11$
Tis !ame as starte* #it some ea.y a+tion in te lo#er ri!t.
@ite as lost a +ou(le o& stones, but e as li.e* in te +orner an*
ma*e !oo* sa(e in te +enter, an* te &i!tin! in tat Euarter o& te
boar* is o.er &or te time bein!. No# :la+k nee*s to enter te u!e
o(en s(a+e in te u((er le&t, #i+ +oul* ra(i*ly be+ome @iteCs
territory i& le&t unatten*e*.
Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 Te Doseki &rom 1 to ) #as ma*e to or*er &or tis
o++asion. @iteCs (ros(e+ts &or a lar!e territory su**enly .anis in te
&a+e o& :la+kCs (lays.
1"2
Dia.1
Dia.2. :la+k 1 ere is a bit o&& te mark. :la+k *oes su++ee* in
eliminatin! #ite territory on te u((er si*e, but is o#n stones are
#eaker tan in <ia.1, an* @ite +an buil* on te le&t si*e #it 1. :la+k
as ma*e te mistake o& (layin! a!ainst a stron! #ite !rou(, #en e
soul* a.e (ut is (ressure on te #eaker stone on te tree-tree
(oint.
Dia.2
1"1
Dia.3
Dia.3. Tere are .arious oter #ays o& (layin! kakari a!ainst a
stone on te tree-tree (oint, #i+ a.e been !i.en +re*it in te
*ia!ram on (a!e 111. To take one o& tem, i& :la+k (lays 1 ere, 75
(oints8, @ite #ill ans#er at ", makin! territory on te le&t si*e. :la+k
3 as little e&&e+t on te #ite !rou( to te ri!t, #ere @ite . is
stan*in! ro+k-stea*y on te tir* line. I& . #ere on te &ourt line,
o#e.er, :la+k 1 an* 3 #oul* be !oo* (lays.
Dia.4. :la+k 1 ere is a lar!e (lay as re!ar*s te lo#er si*e, but
@ite #ill take sente an* make a lar!er (lay on te u((er si*e.
Similarly, i& :la+k (laye* a or b, @ite #oul* ans#er at %.
Dia.4
1""
Problem 3
:la+k to (lay
1"3
Te ob.ious &eature in tis (roblem is te massi.e #all :la+k as
ma*e in te lo#er le&t +orner. @at soul* e *o #it itG He as
alrea*y starte* +orre+tly by (layin! kakari at , B no# e soul* kee( on
by makin! a one-(oint Dum(, 712 (oints8, settin! is si!ts on a really
lar!e area. A more +onser.ati.e e/tension *o#n te le&t si*e, 7) (oints8,
#oul* be too +lose to te #all to be e&&i+ient.
1"%
Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 @en :la+k (lays 1, @ite soul* res(on*
imme*iately #it " an* %. :la+k +an a&&or* to (lay ), aimin! at te
in.asion at a. :la+k ) at b #oul* be an o.er-+on+entration o& stren!t
in relation to te lo#er le&t +orner.
Dia.2. Tis (osition +on&ronte* te autor in one o& is !ames. Te
mo.e e a+tually (laye* #as 1 ere, an* #en is o((onent ans#ere*
at " an* %, :la+k !ot a better result tan in <ia.1.
Dia.3. :ut i& @ite a* &ore!one te usual (lay at % in te (re.ious
*ia!ram, an* sieHe* te key (oint #it % in tis *ia!ram, kee(in! :la+k
&rom makin! a*eEuate use o& is #all, e #oul* a.e a* te lea*.
I& you a((re+iate te .alue o& @ite %, ten you +an see tat :la+k 1
at a, 71 (oints8, (ro.okin! an imme*iate re(ly at %, #oul* be ba*
strate!y.
Dia.1 Dia.2 Dia.3
1")
Dia.4 Dia.5 Dia.6
Dia.4. Pera(s you are #orrie* about @iteCs (layin! 1 ere. Tis
may be+ome a serious treat in te &uture, but &or te (resent @ite is
only +ommittin! imsel& to te *e&ense o& a ea.y !rou( o& stones
#ile re*u+in! is o#n +orner territory, 7assume :la+k a, @ite 1,
:la+k c, et+.8. A++or*in!ly, &or :la+k to (lay " be&ore @ite !ets te
+an+e to (lay 1 is only a &i&ty (er +ent mo.e ri!t no#.
Dia.5. 9omin! to te ri!t si*e o& te boar*, noti+e tat :la+k 1,
e.en tou! it is te usual i*ea a&ter @ite as (laye* ., is not
a((ro(riate ere, be+ause :la+kCs (osition on te lo#er le&t is o(en at
te e*!e o& te boar*.
Dia.6. It #oul* be better &or :la+k to atta+k in tis #ay, &or #it is
out#ar*-&a+in! (o#er in te lo#er le&t, e nee* not be a&rai* o& !ettin!
into a runnin! &i!t. :ut :la+k 1 in <ia.1 is more im(ortant tan tese
mo.es.
1"1
Problem %
:la+k to (lay
1"4
In tis !ame :la+k is *e.elo(in! a lar!e territory on te lo#er si*e,
#ile @ite is *oin! te same on te le&t si*e. Te (i.otal (oint in
re!ar* to bot o& tese areas is te keima marke* 12 (oints. Te
in.asion on te u((er si*e, 74 (oints8, is a bi! mo.e, too, but i& :la+k
(lays it no#, an* starts a runnin! battle, e is likely to en* u( by
el(in! @ite to make sure territory out o& te le&t si*e. 9on.ersely, i&
e in.a*es te le&t si*e, 7% or ) (oints8, @ite soul* be able to se+ure
te u((er si*e #ile atta+kin! im.
Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 :la+k 1 treatens to make so mu+ territory on te
lo#er si*e tat @ite is almost &or+e* to *o sometin! about it. @ite
a #oul* not be enou!0 :la+k #oul* ans#er at 1. It is ar* to be sure
o& te best entry (oint, but @ite " seems likely, an* te mo.es u( to )
are a (ossible *e.elo(ment. :y atta+kin!, :la+k is takin! te initiati.e
in te !ame. I& e be+omes stron! in te +enter, e +an in.a*e
e&&e+ti.ely at +. I& e !ets some stones in (la+e to te le&t o& @iteCs
!rou( on te ri!t si*e, ten :la+k d may assume some atta+kin! &or+e.
1"5
Dia.1
Dia.2. I& @ite ans#ers 1 tis #ay, :la+k #ill (lay 3, ), an* 4,
&ollo#e* by $, a, or 1, #i+ #oul* be more tan @ite +oul* bear to
see. :la+k soul* not, o#e.er, (lay 3, ), an* 4 be&ore 1, sin+e tey
re*u+e te .alue o& :la+k +.
Dia.2
1"$
Dia.3 Dia.4
Dia.3. :la+k 1 ere is an e/am(le o& ba* te+niEue. Altou! it
*oes buil* u( :la+kCs territory, it buil*s u( @iteCs to an e.en !reater
e/tent. I& :la+k a* (laye* 3 &irst, 7te +orre+t mo.e8, an* @ite (laye*
", :la+k #oul* not ten (lay 1.
Dia.4. I& :la+k (lays 1 ere, or at a, b, or c, @ite #ill !et te key
(oint #it ". Tis aims into :la+kCs lo#er si*e, an* more im(ortant, see
#at it *oes &or @iteCs (ros(e+ts on te le&t an* u((er si*es.
132
Problem )
@ite to (lay
131
It soul* be &airly +lear tat te bi!!est (lay lies some#ere on te
lo#er si*e, so te issue be+omes #at kin* o& e/tension @ite soul*
make tere. To be!in #it, sin+e tere is notin! mu+ &or @ite to
aim at on te ri!t si*e, tere is no (oint in e/ten*in! on te &ourt line.
Tat lea.es te tir* line, an* &or reasons to be e/(laine*, te o!eima,
712 (oints8, is best. One (oint to te ri!t #oul* be too meek. Farter to
te le&t #oul* be too a*.enturous.
Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 Sin+e :la+k as !otten #ell *u! in &ront o& @iteCs
simari #it ,, @ite must tink about *e&en*in! is rear. @ite 1
settles tin!s ni+ely. :la+k #ill ten take te lar!e (oint in te u((er
le&t +orner.
13"
Dia.1
Dia.2. I& @ite &ails to e/ten* on te lo#er si*e, :la+k #ill (lay 1.
@ite as to *e&en* at ", or at te (oint *ire+tly abo.e ". :la+k is
e/(an*in! on a lar!e s+ale, #ile @iteCs +orner is +learly +ram(e*.
Dia.3. I& @ite *ares to i!nore :la+k 1, :la+k 3 #ill &ollo#, an*
@ite #ill a.e to resort to emer!en+y measures >startin! #it a>to
make some kin* o& li.in! sa(e.
Dia.2 Dia.3
b elsewhere
133
Dia.4 Dia.5
Dia.4. @ite 1 ere is in te ri!t *ire+tion, but it !oes a little too
&ar. 9onsi*erin! te bla+k stones nearby, @ite +annot a&&or* to lea.e
te o(enin! at a. I& @ite (laye* 1, :la+k #oul* (lay at te tree-tree
(oint in te u((er le&t +orner, Dust as in <ia.1, but later. . .
Dia.5. :la+k +oul* +ome +rasin! in at 1. I& @ite ans#ers at a, e
is ba+k #ere e #as in <ia.". I& e ans#ers at b, o#e.er, :la+k +an
li.e un*erneat @iteCs stones. Ha.in! alrea*y lost is +an+e to
e/ten* u( te ri!t si*e, @ite +annot a&&or* to lose is territory on te
lo#er si*e, too.
Dia.6
Dia.6. Te atta+ment at 1 is a bi! (lay, enablin! @ite to take te
+orner, stren!ten is o#n !rou(, an* #eaken :la+kCs, but :la+k #ill
lea.e is !rou( #eak an* (lay %.
13%
13)
Problem 1
@ite to (lay
131
@iteCs t#o stones on te le&t si*e nee* rein&or+ement ba*ly, an* te
*ia!onal (lay, 712 (oints8, #i+ simultaneously atta+ks :la+kCs u((er
le&t +orner, is best. Te one-(oint Dum(, 75 (oints8, is anoter !oo*
(oint, but it as more to *o #it te u((er si*e tan #it te le&t. Te
keima, 71 (oints8, #oul* +ause an o.er-+on+entration o& stren!t a&ter
@ite ma*e te +orre+t *ia!onal (lay. Te ri!t #ay to atta+k te t#o
bla+k stones in te lo#er le&t #oul* be &rom un*erneat, 74 (oints8.
Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 @ite 1 trans&orms @iteCs &rail, .ulnerable tree-
(oint e/tension into a robust, in.asion-(roo& (osition, an* at te same
time &or+es :la+k ", !i.in! @ite te +an+e to take te lar!e (oint at
3.
134
Dia.1
Dia.2. I& :la+k lets @ite 1 !o unans#ere*, @ite atta+ks in earnest
at 3. No# :la+k % *oes not #ork so #ell. @ite (lays ), an* tere is no
#ay &or :la+k to emer!e #ole an* ealty &rom is trouble* (osition.
Dia. 2
135
Dia.3 Dia.4
Dia.3. @ite 1 is so lar!e a mo.e tat #e a.e a#ar*e* it $ (oints.
It e/(an*s @iteCs territory, (re.ents :la+k &rom e/ten*in!, an* aims at
@ite a, but it *oes not sto( :la+k ".
Dia.4. Tis is te seEuel to :la+kCs in.asion in te (re.ious *ia!ram.
:esi*es makin! territory, :la+k is stren!tenin! imsel& so tat e +an
in.a*e a!ain, at a. At te same time, @ite as a serious +uttin! (oint
bet#een 3 an* 4, an* la+ks room &or t#o eyes on te si*e.
13$
Problem 4
@ite to (lay
1%2
A (usin! battle is !oin! on in te +enter, an* @iteCs ne/t mo.e
soul* be te keima, marke* 12 (oints. Anoter (us, 75 (oints8, #oul*
so# te ri!t tinkin!, but #oul* be too slo#.
Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 A&ter @ite 1, te natural &lo# #oul* be &or :la+k
to Dum( out to " an* &or @ite to *e&en* te u((er si*e at 3. Ne/t :la+k
% is +orre+t, but @ite 1 as ma*e te +enter !rou( stron! enou! tat
@ite +an a&&or* to (lay ) on te le&t si*e.
Dia.2. I& @ite *e&en*e* at 1 imme*iately, :la+k #oul* (us im
#it ", et+., !ainin! !reat stren!t o.er te le&t si*e. @ite 3 to $, #ile
ne+essary, #oul* be nearly .alueless be+ause o& :la+kCs stron! stones
on te ri!t si*e.
1%1
Dia.1
Dia.2
1%"
Dia.3 Dia.4
Dia.3. @iteCs e/tension to 1 ere in.ites :la+k ". Sin+e :la+k as a
et+. in reser.e, @ite . is in some *an!er.
Dia.4. :ut a&ter te +orre+t @ite 1, :la+k " is not so !oo*. @ite
*i.i*es :la+kCs t#o #eak !rou(s #it 3 an* ). I& ne/t :la+k (rote+ts
te !rou( on te ri!t, @ite a +a(tures te one on te le&t.
Dia.5. Ho(e&ully none o& our rea*ers +ose @ite 1 ere, a ea.y
mo.e tat Dust (ro.okes :la+kCs +onne+tion at ". @iteCs +enter !rou( is
!reatly #eakene* by tis e/+an!e, an* :la+k +an no# atta+k t#o
stones on te ri!t si*e, #it a, &or instan+e, instea* o& Dust one.
Dia.5
1%3
Problem 5
:la+k to (lay
1%%
@eak stones are te key to tis (roblem. :la+k #ants to &in* some
#ay o& stren!tenin! is !rou( +omin! u( &rom te lo#er ri!t into te
+enter. Takin! note o& te #eak #ite !rou( a*Da+ent to it, e soul*
make te &ull e/tension on te lo#er si*e, 712 (oints8. 6esser
e/tensions in te same *ire+tion, 71 or 4 (oints8, #oul* not *o te tri+k.
Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 :la+k 1 (uts @iteCs !rou( on te lo#er si*e in an
uneasy (osition. Tis automati+ally takes some o& te (ressure o&& te
bla+k !rou( to its ri!t.
1%)
Dia.1
Dia.2. Te autor #as @ite in tis !ame. He +oul* see tat e
nee*e* to in.a*e te le&t si*e, so a!ainst :la+k 1 e (laye* kikasi #it
" to !et is !rou( out o& imme*iate *an!er, e.en tou! tat (ro.oke*
a stren!tenin! o& :la+kCs (osition #it 3, ten ma*e a base &or imsel&
#it % an* 1. :ut :la+k +ontinue* to atta+k #it 4, $, an* so on,
kee(in! @ite #eak #ile enlar!in! is o#n territories.
Dia.2
1%1
Dia.3
Dia.3. @ite +annot a&&or* to let :la+k 1 !o unans#ere*. I&, &or
e/am(le, e (lays " ere, :la+k #ill sut im in #it 3. No# tere is
notin! &or @ite to *o but (lay % an* 1 to li.e on te lo#er si*e, but
tis as a *istressin! e&&e+t on te #ite !rou( on te ri!t si*e.
Dia.4. I& :la+k (lays 1 to make territory on te le&t si*e, @ite #ill
!rate&ully e/ten* to ". No# tat is o#n #eak !rou( is out o& *an!er,
e +an aim to atta+k :la+kCs #eak !rou(, 7startin! #it a, (era(s8, an*
+an easily enter one o& te !a(s on te le&t si*e.
Dia.4
1%4
Problem $
:la+k to (lay
1%5
Here it is im(ortant &or :la+k to e/ten* *o#n &rom is simari, an*
te tree-(oint e/tension on te tir* line is best.
Dia.1. I& :la+k *oes not e/ten*>i& e runs out into te +enter at 1,
&or e/am(le>@ite " is enormous. No# @ite is treatenin! to #re+k
:la+kCs +orner #it a, an* on te lo#er si*e e +an s#ell is territory
#it 1.
Dia.2. A&ter (layin! 1, :la+k nee* not be a&rai* o& @ite "B in &a+t,
e soul* tank @ite &or !i.in! im a !oo* +an+e to (lay 3,
treatenin! te +ut at a. On te oter an*, i& @ite (laye* 3, :la+k
+oul* (lay ".
1%$
Dia.1
Dia.2
1)2
Dia.3 Dia.4 Dia.5
Dia.3. A &our-(oint e/tension is Dust a bit too &ar, sin+e a #ite
in.asion at JH +oul* easily materialiHe in te &uture. On te oter an*,
:la+k 1 at a #oul* be unne+essarily +autious an* too narro#.
Dia.4" An* :la+k 1 ere #oul* lea.e @ite a !oo* (oint at a. Tere
#oul* also be te lin!erin! (ossibility o& an in.asion at 1.
Dia.5. :la+k 1 ere *e&en*s te +orner, but @ite still !ets te bi!
(oint at 1.
Dia.6. Here is #at &ollo#e* #en te autor (laye* :la+k 1 in tis
(osition @ite #ent into a+tion on te ri!t si*e #it ". E.en tou!
:la+k 3 #oul* a.e been better (laye* at 1, te result on te #ole
boar* u( to 1) #as in :la+kCs &a.or.
Dia.6
1)1
Problem 12
@ite to (lay
1)"
Te boar* as alrea*y been (retty #ell *i.i*e* u(, all te bla+k an*
#ite !rou(s are stron!, an* it is time &or @ite to make te last mo.e
o& te o(enin!. Te one-(oint e/tension on te ri!t si*e is best. It may
seem narro#, but it &ollo#s te (rin+i(le o& kee(in! a#ay &rom
ti+kness.
Dia.1. I& @ite ma*e one o& te mo.es in te le&t-an* al& o& te
boar*, 7) or 1 (oints8, is u((er ri!t +orner #oul* be in.a*e*. :la+k 1
an* 3 +allen!e @iteCs *e&enses. I& @ite lets :la+k +onne+t to te
le&t, e takes a bi! loss, but i& e sto(s :la+k #it %, :la+k +an li.e
#it te mo.es &rom ) to 11.
In some +ir+umstan+es tis #oul* not be so ba* &or @ite. He
be+omes soli* an* stron! on te outsi*e, an* i& tere #ere any #eak
bla+k stones aroun*, e +oul* re+o.er is loss by atta+kin! tem. :ut in
tis !ame all te !rou(s are sa&ely settle*, an* @ite +annot a&&or* te
loss o& is +orner territory.
1)3
Dia.2. A .ariation. Tis time @ite (lays 1 *i&&erently, but :la+k
still li.es. I& @ite (lays a ne/t, :la+k ans#ers at b.
Dia.3. Anoter .ariation. No# @ite as ma*e a *ia!onal (lay #it
", an* :la+k as +arrie* on trou! $. @ite 12 kee(s :la+k &rom
makin! t#o eyes, but :la+k (uses out at 11, an* @ite +annot #in te
+omin! &i!t.
@ite 12 at a #oul* be better, to be &ollo#e* by :la+k 12 an*
@ite b, but te (ossibility o& :la+k 11 #oul* remain, an* te
e/+an!e #oul* be in :la+kCs &a.or.
Dia.1 Dia.2 Dia.3
1)%
Dia.4 Dia.5 Dia.6
Dia.4. 7+orre+t8 A&ter @ite 1, te in.asion at " *oes not #ork.
@ite 3, ), an* 4 are as be&ore, but no# @ite +an blo+k :la+k 5 at $.
:la+k (lays atari at 12 an* tries to li.e #it 1", but. . . .
Dia.5. @ite kills im.
Dia.6. @ite 1 an* 3 ere, 75 (oints8, #oul* also kee( te +orner
sa&e, but :la+k #oul* !et to e/ten* to %. :esi*es takin! .aluable
territory alon! te si*e, :la+k % aims on+e more at a +orner in.asion.
@ite 1 at a, 71 (oints8, or b, 7) (oints8, #oul* su&&er &rom te same
*isa*.anta!es.
1))
Dia.7. @e sus(e+t tat a lot o& our rea*ers +ose @ite 1 in tis
*ia!ram, but tis is one o& tose times #en e.en a t#o-(oint e/tension
is !oin! too &ar. For one tin!, tere is not mu+ to be !aine* by !ettin!
tis +lose to :la+kCs stron! !rou( in te lo#er ri!t +orner. More
im(ortant, :la+k +an still in.a*e at ". @ite 3 o&&ers te stron!est
resistan+e, but :la+k (lays %, an* a!ainst @ite ) e li.es easily #it 1,
5, an* 12.
Dia.8. I& #e rea* tis li&e-an*-*eat (roblem out +losely, sometin!
#e *o not a.e to *o to realiHe tat @ite 1 is a ba* mo.e, it !ets Dust a
bit ar*. @at i& @ite (lays ) tis #ayG A&ter :la+k 1 an* 5, @ite
+an atta+k #it $ an* 11.
Dia.9. K( to 1$, @ite is .ery +lose to makin! te kill, but :la+k
sa.es imsel& #it "2. I& @ite blo+ks at a, :la+k #ill (lay 1 an* #in
te ra+e to +a(ture by one mo.e, a &a+t tat you +an .eri&y &or yoursel&.
Dia.7 Dia.8 Dia.9
1)1
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1)4