An Overview of the New ASME

Section VIII, Division 2

Pressure Vessel Code
David A. Osage
The Equity Engineering Group, Inc.
Shaker Heights, Ohio USA
API Exploration & Production Standards Conference on
Oilfield Equipment and Materials
Technical Session 1: Applications of Standards Research
San Francisco, CA, June 26, 2007
2
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Development Objectives
Organization
Overview Parts 1 through 9
Comparison ASME Section VIII, Div 2: 2006 vs. 2007
Summary
3
Introduction
To remain technically competitive, and to facilitate
incorporation of new technology and future updates,
ASME is developing a new pressure vessel code
This code will replace the existing Section VIII,
Division 2 Code, the first release will be July, 2007
The new code is being developed primarily to address
design and fabrication of engineered pressure vessels
and will result in significant cost savings for many
vessels
4
Development Objectives
Structure/Organize Section VIII considering the
following:
Division 1 Basic Pressure Vessels (Maintenance/Enhancements)
Division 2 Engineered Pressure Vessels (New Code)
Division 3 High Pressure Vessels (Maintenance/Enhancements)
Optimize code rules to balance technology, user-
friendliness, and jurisdictional acceptance
Develop a new organization and introduce a clear and
consistent writing style to facilitate use
Separate administrative and technical requirements
Develop rules to facilitate computer implementation
Incorporate PED and other international requirements
Incorporate US Customary and Metric units
5
Organization
The table of contents for the new code incorporates a
modular flat structure to facilitate modifications and
enhancements
Part 1 General Requirements
Part 2 Responsibilities and Duties
Part 3 Materials Requirements
Part 4 Design By Rule Requirements
Part 5 Design By Analysis Requirements
Part 6 Fabrication Requirements
Part 7 Examination and Inspection Requirements
Part 8 Pressure Testing Requirements
Part 9 Pressure Vessel Overpressure Protection
Technical information traditionally placed in Mandatory
and Non-Mandatory Appendices at the back of the
existing Code will be re-deployed as Annexs to Parts in
the new Code with a similar topic
6
Overview
Part 1 General Requirements
Introduction, Organization and Definitions
Scope and Jurisdiction
Pressure Vessels with High Design Pressures
Unfired Steam Boilers
Field Assembly
Referenced Standards
Units of Measure, Metric and US Customary
7
Overview
Part 2 Duties and Responsibilities
User responsibilities
Manufacturers responsibilities
Inspectors duties
Annexes on User Design Specification (UDS) and the
Manufacturers Design Report (MDR)
Separation of administrative and technical
requirements, administrative requirements placed in
Informative Annexes
8
Overview
Part 2 Duties and Responsibilities
UDS and MDR Registered Professional Engineer
(RPE) requirement
RPE certification has been in the Code since the first
issuance; however, codes and standards covering similar
equipment do not require RPE certification (e.g. ASME
Div. 1, ASME B31.3, API, European, etc.)
RPE certification is unique to USA and Canada
Industry questionnaire confirmed that RPE certification of
UDS and MDR is a barrier to the use of the existing Div 2
Alternative to the RPE certification developed -
Certification of Compliance approach, certification of
the UDS and MDR by the individuals in responsible
charge of the design and manufacture of the vessel
9
Overview
Part 3 Material Requirements
New allowable stress basis will typically result in higher
allowable stresses and lower wall thickness, extent of
wall thickness reduction is a function of the YS/TS ratio
at the design temperature
Justification for higher allowable stresses and reduced
wall thickness
Experience obtained from other PV construction codes
More stringent material requirements
Higher material toughness requirement
Better design rules
Increased NDE
New material models for strength parameters (i.e.
stress-strain curves) and physical properties provided to
facilitate design and numerical analysis requirements
10
Overview
Part 3 Material Requirements
Modernization of toughness rules - new rules will require
higher toughness, CVN=20 ft-lbs minimum
New toughness rules based on a rigorous fracture
mechanics approach
Required material toughness developed in terms of a crack
driving force based on API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, Part 9 - FAD
approach, considers:
Reference flaw
Primary stress
Residual stress
Required material resistance developed in terms of a
required CVN, CVN will be a function of:
Material (generic type, heat treatment, yield strength)
Temperature
Thickness
11
Overview
Part 4 Design By Rule Requirements
Consolidation of design requirements for welds
New design methods
Cylindrical and spherical shell thickness equations
Elliptical and torispherical heads (ASME Code Case 2260)
Combined loadings (pressure and net-section axial forces,
shear forces, bending moments, and torsion)
Junctions at conical transitions including junctions with a
stiffening ring and/or knuckle
Shells subject to external pressure (ASME Code Case
2286)
Evaluation of compressive stresses from combined
loadings (ASME Code Case 2286)
New nozzle reinforcement design rules for
internal/external pressure
12
Overview
Part 4 Design By Rule Requirements
Inclusion of existing design methods:
Layered construction
Non-circular vessels (ASME Section VIII, Div 1)
Lug-type, saddle, and skirt supports (industry accepted
procedures, e.g. Zicks analysis for saddle supports)
Rules to evaluate vessels that are outside of tolerances
based on API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007, Fitness-For-Service
Expansion joints (ASME Div 1 rules)
Tubesheets (ASME Div 1 rules)
Part 4 may be used for design of components in the
creep range
Many vessels may be designed using Part 4 without the
need for design-by-analysis (Part 5)
13
Overview
Part 4 Design By Rule Requirements
Weld joint efficiency option introduced; the weld joint
efficiency will appear explicitly in the design equations
as SE, similar to Div 1
Weld joint efficiencies significant differences exist
between the new Div 2 Code and existing ASME Codes
Div 2, 2007 Edition weld joint efficiencies are a function
of material testing group, NDE method and extent of
examination, wall thickness, welding process, and service
temperature
Div 2, 2006 Edition 100% examination
Div 1, 2006 Edition weld joint efficiencies are a function
of extent of examination and weld type; mixed extent of
examination is permitted (RT1, RT2, RT3, and RT4)
14
Overview
Part 5 Design By Analysis Requirements
Complete re-organization of Design-By-Analysis (DBA)
methods based on prevention of failure modes
Plastic Collapse
Local Failure (strain limit)
Collapse From Buckling
Fatigue
Modernization of DBA methods to accommodate
advances in numerical analysis (i.e. FEA)
Continued use of Hopper Diagram with elastic stress
analysis
Design procedures to prevent plastic collapse using
limit load or elastic-plastic stress analysis based on
Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) concepts
15
Overview
Part 5 Design By Analysis Requirements
Fatigue Analysis
Screening criteria for fatigue analysis requirement
provided
Continued use of fatigue analysis based on smooth bar
data
New design rules for fatigue based on elastic-plastic
analysis
Inclusion of new welded joint fatigue method using the
Equivalent Structural Stress and Master Fatigue Curve
approach developed by Battelle (WRC 474)
New cycle counting procedures
Part 5 analysis methods can be used for design of all
components that are not operating in the creep range
Basic wall thickness equations in Part 4 need not be
satisfied if a thinner thickness can be determined using
DBA methods in Part 5
16
Overview
Part 6 Fabrication Requirements
Similar fabrication requirements to the existing Div 2
New fabrication tolerances; if tolerances are exceeded
an evaluation may be performed using API 579-
1/ASME FFS-1 Fitness-For-Service
Similar PWHT requirements are planned for the initial
release; however, development of new time-
temperature-thickness criterion for PWHT is under
development by PVRC
17
Overview
Part 7 Examination Requirements
Introduction of Testing Group concept to define NDE
requirements and weld joint efficiency
Inclusion and new definition of partial radiography
Div 1: approximately 1% coverage
Div 2, 2007: 10% coverage
Ultrasonic NDE may be substituted for radiographic
NDE for weld examination
18
Overview
Part 8 Pressure Testing Requirements
New hydrostatic test pressure
New pneumatic test pressure
Other requirements similar to 2006 edition of Div 2
max 1.43 , 1.25
T
T
S
P MAWP MAWP
S


=




1.15
T
T
S
P MAWP
S

=


19
Overview
Part 9 Overpressure Protection
Complete reorganization, utilizes the requirements of
Section VIII, Div 1 by reference
Inclusion of Code Case 2211 philosophy (system
design in lieu of pressure relief)
Update to isolation valve strategy to match what is
currently in Appendix M of Section VIII, Div 1
20
Comparison
ASME Section VIII, Div 2: 2006 vs. 2007
New allowable stress basis will typically result in
higher allowable stresses and lower wall thickness,
extent of wall thickness reduction is a function of the
YS/TS ratio at the design temperature
Increase in allowable stress and resulting Wall
Thickness Reduction (WTR) may be significant for
many materials, indicator is the MYS/MTS ratio
Consider the following comparison:
Design pressure: 1000 psig
Inside diameter: 60 inches
Weld joint efficiency: 1.0
21
Comparison
ASME Section VIII, Div 2: 2006 vs. 2007
Material
MTS
(ksi)
MYS
(ksi)
Temp
(F)
S-2006
(ksi)
tcyl-2006
(in)
S-2007
(ksi)
tcyl-2007
(in)
WRT
(%)
100 23.3 1.316 25.3 1.210 8
300 22.4 1.370 22.4 1.370 0
100 23.3 1.316 29.2 1.045 21
300 21.9 1.402 29 1.053 25
100 26.7 1.145 33.3 0.915 20
300 26 1.176 33.3 0.915 22
100 23.3 1.316 29.2 1.045 21
300 23.3 1.316 27.6 1.107 16
100 26.7 1.145 33.3 0.915 20
300 26.7 1.145 33.1 0.920 20
100 20 1.538 20 1.538 0
850 17.1 1.807 17.1 1.807 0
100 25 1.224 30 1.017 17
850 21.9 1.402 21.9 1.402 0
100 28.3 1.079 35.4 0.860 20
850 24.5 1.250 28.9 1.056 16
SA832 GR. 22V 80 60
SA387 GR. 22 CL2 75 45
SA387 GR. 22 CL1 60 30
SA737 GR. C 80 60
SA737 GR. B 70 50
SA537 CL2, <= 2.5" 80 60
SA537 CL1, <= 2.5" 70 50
SA516 Gr. 70 70 38
22
Summary
ASME Section VIII, Division 2, 2007 has been rewritten to
incorporate the latest technology for pressure vessel design
Alternative to RPE certification of UDS and MDR is provided
A new allowable stress basis and toughness requirements has
been incorporated
Design-by-rule methods significantly updated to handle most of
the common design requirements
Design-by-analysis procedures have been rewritten and
modernized to take advantage of the latest technologies in
numerical analysis
Examination requirements have been updated to support the
new allowable stress basis
New test pressures have been adopted
Requirements for pressure relief design have been updated
The new code will result in a significant wall thickness reduction
when compared to earlier editions of Section VIII, Division 2
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