1 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date

I insert classification level

Course Content
Radio Resource Management Overview
Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling incl. HSPA
Handover Control
Resource Manager
HSPA RRM and parameters
2 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Module Objectives


At the end of the module you will be able to:
Describe the purpose of RRM
List the RRM functional entities
Describe the purpose of each of the RRM functional entities
Identify the location of RRM entities
Identify relationships between RRM entities


3 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Radio Resource Management Overview
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS) incl. HSPA
Power Control (PC)
Handover Control (HC)
Resource Manager (RM)
RRM of HSPA
4 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Radio Resource Management
Target for RRM is to ensure the RAN offers:
The planned coverage for each targeted service
High capacity i.e. low blocking (new calls, handovers)
The required Quality of Service (QoS)
Optimize the use of available capacity (priorities)
By continuously monitoring/adjusting how the available resources are used in
accordance
with user requests
Radio Resource Management (RRM) is responsible for optimal
utilisation of the air interface resources
RRM
Link Quality
Cell Coverage Cell Capacity
5 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
RRM Tasks
RRM must be able to:
Predict the impact on interference (power) of
the admitting a new user for UL & DL
Perform appropriate actions (e.g. new call
admissions, bitrate increase/decrease etc.) in
accordance with prevailing load conditions
Provide different quality of service for real
time (RT) and non-real time (NRT) users
Take appropriate corrective action when the
different cell load thresholds are exceeded in
order to maintain cell stability (i.e. load
control)
Overload
Load Target
Overload Margin
P
o
w
e
r

Time
Estimated capacity for
NRT traffic
Measured load caused
by non-controllable load
(RT)
RT services must have higher quality assurance than NRT
6 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
RRM is made up of a number of closely interdependent functions (i.e.
algorithms)
These functions can be divided into;
Cell Based
Load control (LC)
Admission control (AC)
Packet scheduling (PS)
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Resource manager (RM)

Connection Based
Handover control (HC)
Power control (PC)
RRM Functional Split
PC
HC
Connection based functions
LC
AC
Cell based functions
PS
RM
7 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Radio Resource Management Overview
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS) incl. HSPA
Power Control (PC)
Handover Control (HC)
Resource Manager (RM)
RRM of HSPA
8 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Load control States
The load control function within RRM can be divided:
Preventative load control (e.g. congestion)
Overload control (e.g. dropping of calls in worst case)
Preventative actions are performed before the cell is overloaded (threshold y)
Overload actions are performed after cell is overloaded (threshold x)
RNP parameters define the thresholds for the RRM functionalities
The thresholds define a stable functionality within a cell and with surrounding
cells
Overload
threshold x
Load Target
threshold y
P
o
w
e
r

Time
Estimated capacity for
NRT traffic.
Measured load caused
by non-controllable load
(RT)
Preventative Load Control
Overload Control
9 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Load Control
LC performs the function of load control in association with AC & PS
Updates load status using measurements & estimations provided by AC and PS
Continuously feeds cell load information to PS and AC;
Interference levels
BTS power levels
Non-controllable load
LC
AC
PS
NRT load
Load change
info
Load
status
10 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Radio Resource Management Overview
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS) incl. HSPA
Power Control (PC)
Handover Control (HC)
Resource Manager (RM)
RRM of HSPA
11 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Admission Control
Responsible for maximising capacity (throughput) whilst providing the required quality of
service for RT traffic.
Checks that admitting a new user will not sacrifice planned coverage or quality of existing
connections
Determines whether RABs can be admitted to the RAN
Handles RT RABs alone by estimating the increase in non-controllable load
With PS decides whether to allocate resources to NRT RABs
In the decision UL interference & DL power measurements by BTS are used
In RAS06 also the UL throughput is considered for AC
Provides RLC parameters to PS for NRT users, for example
Bearer class
Transport Formats
AC sets quality and power parameters for the radio link, for example
UL/DL BLER, Eb/No targets, SIR target
Initial DL transmission power
12 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Admission Control, RAS05.1 picture
In uplink the total received wideband interference power measured indicates the traffic
load of the radio resources .

For downlink the power change caused by new RT service is obtained from the
maximum allowed DL transmission power for the service.
In the admission decision procedure new call (or modified existing call) is admitted if
both UL and DL admission decisions are passed
Prx_target
Prx_target_BS
UL interference power
Load
Planned load area
Marginal load area
PrxTotal
RNP
decision
thresholds
13 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Admission Control, RAS06 picture, UL
Noise Rise
Own Cell Load
Factor
(throughput)
i-factor
P
rxOffset
Minimum
throughput
DCH
P
rxLoadMarginDCH
Maximum
throughput
DCH
P
rxLoadMarginMaxDCH


P
rxTarget
Throughput thresholds are calculated from new, configurable Prx thresholds
14 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Radio Resource Management Overview
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS) incl. HSPA
Power Control (PC)
Handover Control (HC)
Resource Manager (RM)
RRM of HSPA
15 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
PS allocation times need to be fast to accommodate changing conditions &
accurate (up-to-date load info)
Capacity requests sent via traffic volume measurement reports (governed
by RNP parameters)
PS comprises two parts: UE specific & Cell specific
power
time
non-controllable load
controllable load
Total Load
Target threshold
Overload threshold
Responsible for scheduling radio
resources for both UL and DL NRT
RABs
Scheduling period defined by RNP
parameters
PS relies on up-to-date information
from AC and LC
Capacity allocated on a needs basis
using best effort approach
Packet Scheduler in RNC
16 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Comparing HSUPA to R99 and HSDPA
HSUPA is a marketing name for 3GPP Rel6 Enhanced-DCH
main characteristics:
Fast WBTS packet scheduling
Dedicated channel
L1 HARQ algorithms (CC, IR)
2ms or 10ms TTI periods
Soft Handover
very small SF (2,4)
Feature
Rel99
DCH
Rel5
HSDPA
Rel6
HSUPA
Var. spreading factor Y N Y
Fast power control Y N Y
Adaptive modulation N Y N
WBTS based scheduling N Y Y
Fast L1 HARQ N Y Y
Soft Handover Y N Y
TTI length [ms] 80,40,20,10 2 10,2
17 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Radio Resource Management Overview
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS) incl. HSPA
Power Control (PC)
Handover Control (HC)
Resource Manager (RM)
RRM of HSPA
18 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Power Control
Since WCDMA system is interference limited it is beneficial to reduce
transmission power as far as possible.
Thus, the target of power control (PC) is to achieve the minimum signal-to-
interference ratio (SIR) that is required to offer sufficient quality of the connection.
PC works on a per-connection basis.
Power Control
Power Control
Load
Control
RNC BS MS
Power Control
Handover
Control Admission
Control Load Control
Packet
Scheduler
19 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Radio Resource Management Overview
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS) incl. HSPA
Power Control (PC)
Handover Control (HC)
Resource Manager (RM)
RRM of HSPA
20 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Handover Control (HC)
HC is responsible for
Managing the mobility aspects of an RRC connection as UE move around
network
Maintaining high capacity by ensuring UE is always served by strongest
cell
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Intra-System
Soft(er) Handover
Hard Handover
Inter-frequency
Intra-frequency
Intra-frequency
Inter-System
(Inter-RAT)
Hard Handover
Inter-frequency
WCDMA to GSM
WCDMA to GPRS
GSM to WCDMA
GPRS to WCDMA
WCDMA to WCDMA
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Intra-layer
Inter-layer
Requires
Compressed
Mode or Dual
Receiver UE
21 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Radio Resource Management Overview
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS) incl. HSPA
Power Control (PC)
Handover Control (HC)
Resource Manager (RM)
RRM of HSPA
22 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Resource Manager (RM)
Responsible for managing the logical radio resources of the RNC in co-operation with AC
and PS
On request for resources, from either AC(RT) or PS(NRT), RM allocates;
DL spreading code
UL scrambling code






Also looks after code tree management (to maintain orthogonality);
Initial code selection codes concentrated to same branch
Code de-fragmentation dynamic reallocation of codes as users enter/leave system
DL spreading code allocation for HSDPA users can be dynamic in RAS06
Code Type Uplink Downlink
Scrambling codes
Spreading codes
User separation Cell separation
Data & control channels from same UE Users within one cell
23 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Radio Resource Management Overview
Introduction
Load Control (LC)
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS) incl. HSPA
Power Control (PC)
Handover Control (HC)
Resource Manager (RM)
RRM of HSPA

24 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
HSDPA - general principle
Fast scheduling is done directly in Node-B based on feedback
information from UE and knowledge of current traffic state.
UE2
Channel quality
(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)
Channel quality
(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)
Data
Data
Users may be time and/or code multiplexed
New base station functions
HARQ retransmissions
Modulation/coding selection (16QAM)
Packet data scheduling (short TTI)
UE1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
- 2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Time [number of TTIs]
QPSK1/4
QPSK2/4
QPSK3/4
16QAM2/4
16QAM3/4
I
n
s
t
a
n
t
a
n
e
o
u
s

E
s
N
o

[
d
B
]
25 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
Soc Classification level
Comparing HSUPA to R99 and HSDPA
HSUPA is a marketing name for 3GPP Rel6 Enhanced-DCH
main characteristics:
Fast WBTS packet scheduling
Dedicated channel
L1 HARQ algorithms (CC, IR)
2ms or 10ms TTI periods
Soft Handover
very small SF (2,4)
Feature
Rel99
DCH
Rel5
HSDPA
Rel6
HSUPA
Var. spreading factor Y N Y
Fast power control Y N Y
Adaptive modulation N Y N
WBTS based scheduling N Y Y
Fast L1 HARQ N Y Y
Soft Handover Y N Y
TTI length [ms] 80,40,20,10 2 10,2