VARIABLE DECLARATION

A name of the physical memory location is called

variable
Before using any variable in the program it must be
required to declare first
Declaration of variable means required to specify data t
type name of variable followed by semicolon(;)
In c programming language variable declaration
required to place top of the program after opening the
body before writing first statement . In variable
declaration name of the variable must be required to
start with alphabet or underscore only
In declaration name of the variable existing keywords ,
operators , seperators and constant values are not
allowed
Maximum length of the variable name is 32characters,
after 32 characters compiler will not consider remaining
characters
Syntax:- data type variable name;
According to the syntax atleast single space must be
required between data type and name of the variable
When we are declaring multiple variables of single data
type then we require to use coma (,) as a seperator
EXAMPLES
1) inta; error
2) int a error
3) int a; valid statement
4) char ch; valid statement
5) float f; valid statement
6) int a b c ; error
7) int a,b,c; valid statement
8) int abc,d; valid but abc is considered as single
variable
9) int 1a,1b,1c; error variable should not start with
number
int a1,b2,c3; valid
int 1,2,3; error variable name should not be number
int _1,_2,_3; valid variable can start with underscore
int if; error variable should not be a keyword
int If; valid since If is not a keyword if is a keyword
int total-salary ; error minus should not be in variable
name
int total_salary ; valid statement

void main()
{
int i;
float f;
i=5/2;
f=5/2;
printf(i=%d f=%f,i,f);
}
o/p:- i=2 f=2.0
Value(i/p) int i; float f;
--
5/2
5.0/2
5/2.0
5.0/2.0
2/5
2.0/5
garbage
2
2
2
2
0
0
garbage
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
0.0
0.4
Operator behavior is always operand depend only and
return value behavior is variable dependent
In implementation when operator is returning an
integer value and we require to store in float variable
then automaticaly return value will be converted into
float format by adding .0
i 2
5/2
f 2.0
If the operator is returning float data and we require to
store in integer variable then we require to assign only
decimal part

i 2
5.0/2 2.5
f 2.5
Difference between declaration of a variable and
initialisation of a variable is in declaration of the
variable after creating the memory it stores garbage
value untill we are assigning the data
In initialisation after creating the memory it stores
default value what we assign
int a; declaration int a =10; initialisation
a=10; assigning
CONTROL FLOW STATEMENT
The execution flow the program is under control flow
statements
In C programming language we having 3 types of
control flow statements
1)Selection statements
Ex:-if ,else ,else if, switch
2)Iteration statements
Ex:-while , for , do while
3)Jumping statements
Ex:-break , continue, go to

SELECTION STATEMENT
This statements are also called as decision making
statements
By using selection statements we can create conditional
oriented block i.e; depends on the condition block can be
execute or ignore
Syntax to if :-
if(condition)
{
statement1; true
statement2;
}
Comes out of the block if the condition is false
Constructing the body is always optional , it is
recommended to use the body when we are having multiple
statements for a single statement doesnt require to specify
the body , if the body is not specified then automatically
condition part will terminated with next semicolon(;)
Else:-else is a keyword we can create alternate block for if
condition
Using else is an alternate for if condition . It is
recommended to use when we have an alternate block
When we are working with if and else only one block will
work i.e; when the if block is false then only else block will
execute
SYNTAX:-
if(condition)
{
statement1;
statement2;
}
else
{
statement3;
statement4;
}
If(condition)
statement1;
else
statement2;
if(condition)
{
statement1;
statement2;
}
else
statement3;
if(condition)
statement1;
else
{
statement2;
statement3;
}
EXAMPLES
void main()
{
printf(a);
printf(b);
if(5>8!=0)//if(0!=0)
{
printf(hello);
printf(welcome);
}
printf(c);
printf(d);
}
Output:-abcd

Explanation:-
Generally when are working the selection statements
compiler is expecting the condition with variable type
data, if we are passing constant values then it gives a
warning message i.e; condition is always false or true
Generally warnings can be ignored because we are able
execute the program
void main() void main()
{ {
printf(hello); printf(hello);
if(!5!=5) if(!5) ignore since !5
{ printf(a); is zero
printf(ab); printf(b);
} printf(welcome);
printf(welcome); }
} output:- hellobwelcome
Output:-helloabwelcome
when we are constructing multiple statements with out
constructing the body then only one statement will
place with in the body because scope of the condition
will terminate with next semicolon(;)
void main()
{
printf(A);
if(5>3//3>5)
{
printf(hello);
printf(C);



}
else
printf(hii);
}
output:-AhelloC
void main()
{
printf(hello);
if(1!=3<5 && 0==5<8)
{
printf(A);
printf(B);
}
else
{
printf(x);
printf(y);
}
printf(welcome);
}
Output:-helloxywelcome
void main() o/p:-CABwelcome
{ if the body is not specified
printf(C); for else part then scope will
if(2>5!=0 && 5>8!=1) close with next semicolon(;)
{
printf(A);
printf(B);
}
else
printf(hello);
printf(welcome);
}
void main() according to syntax of if and
{ else when we are using else
printf(hello); part it must be required to
if(5!=5>2) start after if scope only or else
printf(B); it gives an error
printf(A);
else
{
printf(welcome);
printf(hii);
}
Output:- error misplaced else