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English 2 Yuli Rizkianti

215264066

1B-IM
CARS
Cars are automobiles that can transport people. It is the
main means of travelling for hundreds of millions of
people all over the world. Cars have changed the way
we live probably more than any other invention in
history. At first only a few people had cars but after a
while more and more people bought them because
they improved the way people lived. Farmers with cars
were able to bring their products to places that were
farther away. The appearance of cities and towns also
changed. More and more workers drove to their jobs
and people started to move to suburbs outside the town
centers.
Topic: Car is transportation

Automobiles give people many jobs. Millions of people

around the world work in factories where cars are
produced. Millions more work at gas stations,
restaurants or motels that travelers stop at.
Topic: The advantages of automobile

However, cars also cause problems. Millions of people

die in car accidents every year. Automobiles pollute the
air that we breathe and parking space in cities is scarce
because everyone wants to use their cars to get to city
centers.
Topic: Car can cause a problem

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CANCER
- A KILLER DISEASE
Cancer is a dangerous disease in which certain cells in our
body grow in an uncontrolled way. It is one of the world’s
most serious illnesses. Together with heart attacks it kills
more people than any other disease in the world.
Topic: Cancer can kills people

The human body has blllions of cells. They are tiny

elements of living material. Cells always reproduce
themselves. Normally our body controls this process. It tells
cells to divide themselves when we need it and to stop
when we don’t. Sometimes, however, cell growth gets out
of control and the production of cells doesn’t stop.
Topic: The human body cells

These cells that produce new tissue are called tumours.

They can be benign or good tumours or malignant or bad
tumours. A benign tumour usually stays in the same area
in which it starts growing. It is often harmless. A malignant
tumour however is dangerous. It can grow and spread to
healthy cells and destroy them. Cells from malignant
tumours can also spread to other parts of the body and
produce more tumours. These malignant tumours are the
ones that cause cancer and may even lead to death.
Sometimes they enter the blood and lymphatic system.
When this happens cancer metasizes.
Topic: A process that cause a cancer

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HOW BUDGET
AIRLINES CUT COSTS
One of the ways that airlines can reduce their costs is by buying
fuel at the right time. If they buy kerosene when it is cheap they
may be able to save millions of dollars. Another way of cutting
expenses is to use only one kind of airplane. This saves money on
maintenance, repairs and training pilots.
Topic: How airlines reduce their costs.

Many budget airlines chose smaller airports to take off and land. A
big airport like New York JFK or London Heathrow charges airlines
higher fees. Low cost carriers like Ryan Air choose to take their
passengers to London Stansted instead of Heathrow. In some cases
airlines choose airports that lie between two bigger cities.
Topic: Airlines chose smaller airports.

Airlines do many other things to cut costs. Many offer only one
class of seats. They don't have a business class. Some of them do
not reserve seats, so passengers can sit wherever they want. They
also save on the number of crew members. A lot of money can be
saved by selling tickets on their own website instead of through a
travel agent. Many airlines try to stay on the ground as little as
possible. After landing, the plane is refueled and takes off a short
time later.
Topic: Other things to cut the cost for the airlines

Many budget airlines only offer the real flight. You have to pay for
onboard food and drinks. Recently Ryan Air has thought about
even charging a toilet fee for its passengers.
Topic: Extra fee in the airlines

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WOMEN ARE BETTER
AT DEALING WITH
MONEY THAN MEN
An international survey has found out that women are better
at managing money than men. They work harder to become
financially independent and they are not as likely to get into
debt as men.
Topic: Woman are better at managing money

The survey showed that both men and women think the same.
Almost 5,000 men and women in 12 countries were asked.
Although 40% of women said they used credit cards most of
them thought that having more than one credit card could
lead to financial problems. On the other side most women
admitted that they spent more than men.
Topic: A survey for a woman and man

The results of the survey could help companies understand

the needs of women because they live longer and usually
have less money when they retire. Women who share their
money with their husband often suffer more when a
relationship ends. Some of them have saved up money if they
get into such a situation, other simply don't care.
Topic: The result of the survey

About 6 out of every 10 women said they were financially

independent. However almost half thought that a man should
be responsible for paying the mortgage or house payments.
Topic: Man should responsible for paying

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THE END OF THE
MALDIVES?
The Maldives, a paradise with tropical beaches and pure white sand,
attracts about 500,000 tourists every year. But the natural beauty of this
island nation may soon disappear.
Topic: Nature of Maldives

The 1,100 islands that make up the Maldives may disappear from the
surface of the Earth in the next century because of global warming.
According to scientists, the sea levels will rise by about 60cm in the next
one hundred years.
Topic: Prediction about Maldives

The islands are protected by coral reefs. The rise of the oceans, however,
will lead to higher waves and destroy the reefs. As a result, more salt
from the ocean may spread to and destroy the ground and soil of the
islands.
Topic: The important of coral for the islands

Global warming will also damage the fishing industry of the island.
Plankton lives deeper when the water becomes warmer. So tuna fish, the
most important type of fish, live in deeper areas too. That means they are
much harder too catch.
Topic: The damage of global warming

Tourism in the Maldives is in danger too. The white sandy beaches could
disappear as fast as the reefs. People wouldn’t come to dive in the
colorful water any more.
Topic: Tourism in danger

The island’s leaders are aware of the dangers. Plans are underway to find
a new living area for the population. Finding a new homeland is not easy.
One plan calls for the rescue of at least a few of the islands . It may be
possible to make them higher.
Topic: Rescue the islands

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PROJECT APOLLO
Project Apollo was NASA's biggest effort up to that time. The
Apollo spacecraft could hold three astronauts. It was powered by a
huge Saturn Five rocket, the first rocket designed by NASA only for
space exploration. But the project began with tragedy. In early
nineteen sixty-seven, three astronauts were killed in a fire while
testing Apollo One.
Topic: The beginning of the project

Space scientists learned important lessons from the disaster and

the following missions were successful. The most exciting one was
Apollo Eleven. It landed astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
on the moon's Sea of Tranquillity. Hundreds of millions of people
around the world watched Neil Armstrong take his first step on the
moon on July twentieth, nineteen sixty-nine.
Topic: Learn from the tragedy

Five more flights landed on the moon, ending with Apollo

Seventeen in nineteen seventy-two. A total of twelve Americans
walked on the moon. Steven Dick, NASA's chief historian, has
written about the effect of the Apollo project on society, especially
its view of Earth from the moon. He wrote: "The photographs of
'Earthrise", and of the full Earth as a blue marble suspended in
space, fragile and without national boundaries, changed
humankind's view of Earth forever."
Topic: The Apollo landed on the moon

The success of Apollo ended the space race. It also provided a

chance for Americans and Soviets to join in the first international
space flight, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in July of nineteen
seventy-five. The project was the start of cooperation in space. It
was also the end of the first part of NASA's manned spaceflight
program.
Topic: The success of Apollo

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CHINA BLOCKS
YOUTUBE
The Internet is probably the only place where the Chinese can
say or write what they want. But a report says that China’s
Internet is one of the most controlled in the world.
Topic: China's internet controlled

The government forbids foreign websites most of the time.

Last week it banned YouTube because it showed policemen
who beat Tibetan monks. The government also puts website
owners into prison if they don’t publish what they want.
Topic: The government banned some website

Still, the Internet stays a main source of information in China.

Not all websites can be blocked. If the government closes
down 10 of them 20 other pop up somewhere else.
Topic: The internet as the main source

On the one side normal people are happy that they can read
and post lots of things on the net, on the other side there are
many who are angry that the government controls it too
much. A lot of good information never makes it online.
Topic: The reaction of people

Website owners get regular suggestions from the

government that tell them what they can and cannot publish.
Last month, for example, Chinese news websites were not
allowed to write about a big oil refinery and how it affects the
environment. Entertainment websites cannot write reviews on
foreign films without permission from the government.
Topic: The limit of website
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THE WORLD’S WORST NUCLEAR
DISASTER—WHAT HAPPENED AT
CHERNOBYL
On 26th April 1986 the world’s worst nuclear disaster took place at
the Chernobyl nuclear power station in the northern Ukraine. One
of the four reactors exploded because the operators were very
careless about safety during a routine test. The explosion blasted a
large hole through the roof of the building. Tons of radioactive
material were blown up to a height of about 1 km. There was also a
big fire in the station.
Topic: The nuclear disaster

About 100 million curies of radiation escaped from the station into
the atmosphere. Most of it fell on the farmland of Belarus and the
Ukraine. A lot of fallout also drifted westwards to northern and
central Europe.
Topic: The spread of the disaster

The people of Chernobyl were exposed to radiation about 100

times greater than from the bomb that was dropped on
Hiroshima. Since the accident, many hundred thousand people
have become ill, a lot of them have died of cancer or other diseases.
Topic: The affect of the disaster

Over 400,000 people had to leave their homes as a result of the

explosion. The area around Chernobyl today is a radioactive desert
and nobody is allowed to live there.
Topic: The affect on this day

The population of the Ukraine and Belarus is living in constant

danger because the water is still poisoned and the ground on
which they plant crops is still radioactive. The children are not
allowed to walk in forests, play in parks or pick wild flowers.
Topic: The population around the radioactive

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FUTURE OF LANGUAGES
Over the past centuries, English has become the dominant
world language, mostly because of the British Empire and the
rise of the United States as a global political and economic
superpower. Many linguists say that Mandarin Chinese will
become the new number one language, because it is the
mother tongue of over 1 billion people. China is on the verge of
becoming a new economic superpower and many
international corporations already advise their workers to learn
Mandarin.
Topic: The history of language

In the past, some attempts have been made to create a global

language for everyone. A Polish scientist, Ludwik Zamenhof,
invented Esperanto at the beginning of the 20th century. His
goal was to form a neutral language with easy words and
grammar that is not so difficult to learn. Linguists claim that up
to a million people use and speak Esperanto today.
Topic: A figure in history of language

Languages that are not actively spoken any more die out over
a period. Linguists claim that 90% of the world’s 7000
languages will become extinct within the next 50 years. Other
languages, like Latin or ancient Greek, died out centuries ago,
but are still needed in fields like medicine, biology, history or
archaeology.
Topic: Use of language

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RACISM
A race is a group of people who have the same skin color
and physical features. There are a few main races in the
world, like Europeans or Caucasians, Blacks, or Asians.
Topic: The race in the world

Racists are people who believe that some races are better
and more important than others. They think that their own
race is the best and that other races are physically and
mentally inferior to them. In many cases racists feel
threatened by others. Racism exists in many countries.
Minorities are often discriminated against and have
problems getting jobs, houses or the same education as
others.
Topic: Racist and racism

There has been racism throughout history. Western

scientists and philosophers have often tried to prove that
white people are supreme to others. In the past,
governments have often justified their legal and economic
system with racism. It has led to slavery and even the cold-
blooded murder of whole population groups. Racism has
made people afraid of their leaders.
Topic: The history of racism

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THANK YOU