RINZmynotesongrammar

( 2) VERBS
Verbs are words that show action. Every sentence must have a verb. A verb is not
always one word. It may be made up of more than one word.
Auxiliary verbs
The words: am, is, are, was, and were are verbs. They are forms of the verb to
be. They are helping verbs called auxiliary verbs.
If the sube!t of a sentence is singular, the verb must be singular. If the sube!t
of a sentence is plural, the verb must be plural. The verb must aree with the
sube!t in number.
E!amples of sube!ts and verbs bein singular: The man is sleepin. She goes
to the mar"et. The student does his homewor" every day. The train has arrived.
#an, she, student and train are "nown as sube!ts"The sube!ts are all
singular.The verbs is, goes, does and has are all singular too.
E!amples of sube!ts and verbs bein plural: The men are sleepin. #hey go
to the mar"et. The students do their homewor" every day. The trains have
arrived.
$en, they, students and trains are "nown as sube!ts" The sube!ts are all
plural. The verbs are, go, do and have are all plural too.
$inular sub%ect&verb 'lural sub%ect&verb
(
st
I am do have eat )e are do have eat
*
nd
+ou are do have eat +ou are do have eat
,
rd
-e is does has eats They are do have eat
$he is does has eats They are do have eat
It is does has eats They are do have eat
.ther sinular and plural sub%ects that ta"e on sinular and plural verbs:
$ub%ects with words li"e each, every, any, no, none and nobody
ta"e on the singular verbs.
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RINZmynotesongrammar
E!amples
:
Ea!h student is iven a pen.
Every child is happy watchin the show.
%obody is allowed to wal" on the rass.
&n!ountable nouns always ta"e singular verbs.
E!amples
:
Ri!e is eaten in many countries.
There is oil on the floor.
Salt is added to ma"e the food taste better.
$ub%ects with words li"e both, all, many, some, several and a
number of ta"e on a plural verb.
E!amples
:
Both of you have to come home early.
All of us want to be happy.
Some of my friends are female.
Two or more sub%ects %oined by and always ta"e a plural verb.
E!amples
:
#y brother and his friends li'e to play football.
-is father and mother are watchin television.

#ransitive and intransitive verbs
The verb which needs an ob%ect to ma"e its meanin clear or complete is called a
transitive verb.
E!ample: -e feeds a cat. The word !at is called the obe!t of the verb (eeds.
The ob%ect can be a noun or a pronoun.
The intransitive verb does not need an ob%ect but the meanin is clear or
complete.
E!ample: -e ran. The verb ran does not need an ob%ect. $he reads every day. /0o
ob%ect1 -e eats 2uic"ly. /0o ob%ect1
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RINZmynotesongrammar
#he )inite verb
The finite verb chanes with the sub%ect. The sub%ect is the person, thin, animal or
place we refer to. )hen the sub%ect is in the first or second person or is plural, the
verb does not chane. )hen the sub%ect is in the third person or is sinular, the
verb chanes from, say, eat to eats. The verb eat is a (inite verb. Every
senten!e must have a (inite verb.
Sube!t Singular sube!t *lural sube!t
3irst 'erson I eat )e eat
$econd 'erson +ou eat +ou eat
Third 'erson -e eats They eat
Third 'erson $he eats They eat
Third 'erson It eats They eat
The pen&s The pen is The pens are
The elephant&s The elephant does The elephants do not
The house&s The house has The houses have

#he +n(initive
The infinitive is a verb that is followed by to and does not chane with the
sub%ect.
$ub%ect $inular $ub%ect 'lural $ub%ect
3irst 'erson I want to play. )e want to play.
$econd 'erson +ou want to play. +ou want to play.
Third 'erson -e wants to play. They want to play.
$he wants to play. They want to play.
It wants to play. They want to play.
The infinitive can ta"e on an ob%ect. 3or e!ample: -e li"es to read boo". /To read
4 infinitive5 boo" 4 ob%ect1.
,ther usage o( verbs to remember
(. )hen -and. is used to %oin two nouns or pronouns toether, the verb is
usually in the plural"
E!amples 6eef and mutton are meat.
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RINZmynotesongrammar
:
/e and + were classmates.

*. )hen we use two nouns for the same person or thing, the verb should be
in the singular"
E!amples
:
#y friend and classmate is very helpful.
6read and butter is his only food.

,. )hen we use two nouns for the same person, we use the arti!le the
only on!e and the verb should be in the singular.
E!ample
:
The shop"eeper and owner of the shop is my uncle.

7. )hen we refer to two di((erent persons, we use the arti!le twi!e and the
verb must be in the plural"
E!ample
:
#he shop"eeper and the owner of the shop are my ood friends.

8. )hen we %oin two nouns and treat them as a whole, the verb is in the
singular.
E!ample
:
6read and butter is his usual brea"fast.

9. )hen a noun is a 0uantity or an amount, it is treated as a whole and the
verb is in the singular.
E!amples
:
Ten "ilometers is not a lon way to travel.
0owadays, fifty dollars is not a lot of money.

A verb is used in different forms as follow:
$imple 'resent Tense eat
$imple 'ast Tense ate
'resent 'article is eatin
'ast 'article has eaten
3uture Tense will eat
#/E *RESE%# #E%SE
1" #he *resent Simple
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RINZmynotesongrammar
:sed for a habitual or repeated action, that is, for somethin that we do
always, every day, often, usually, etc.
E!ample: -e plays football on $undays.

:sed for a eneral truth or a fact, that is, for somethin that is true.
E!ample: 0iht follows day.

:sed for somethin or an action happenin now.
E!ample: $ee how she wal"s.

:sed instead of the future tense.
E!ample: -e arrives tomorrow.

:sed instead of the past tense, to ma"e somethin loo" more real.
E!ample: The tier comes5 it catches the boy.

:sed instead of the present perfect tense.
E!ample: )e hear that the "in is dead.

:sed to introduce a 2uotation, that is, to repeat words spo"en or written by
someone else.
E!ample: $ha"espeare says: ;0either a borrower nor a lender be.<

2" #he *resent 2ontinuous #ense
:sed to show that somethin is still happenin, that is, an action is still
oin on at the time of spea"in. It shows that the action is not yet complete.
E!ample: -e is writin a letter.

:sed instead of the future tense. )e usually say the time when this future
action will ta"e place
E!ample: -e is oin to =apan ne!t wee".
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RINZmynotesongrammar

:sed to use the phrase is oin which means about to.
E!ample: It is oin to rain.

:sed to show an action which happens many times. )e often use always
with this e!pression.
E!ample: -e is always ettin into trouble.

3" #he *resent *er(e!t #ense
:sed to show an action which has %ust been completed or a past action
when the time is not mentioned. The action may be a recent one or it may be one
which happened a lon time ao.
E!ample: I have finished readin the boo".
There have been many chanes in this country.

:sed for an action that has been oin on from the past until now, that is,
somethin that happened in the past but is oin on still.
E!ample: I have lived here for ten years.

:sed often with %ust, already, recently, never, yet and /in
2uestions1 with ever.
E!ample: I have already told them about the plan
$he has never replied to my letter.
-ave you ever been to >ondon?
:sed often to answer 2uestions which contain a verb in the 'resent 'erfect
tense.
E!ample: )here have you been? I have been to >ondon to see the
@ueen.
)hat have you lost? I have lost all my money.
4" #he *resent *er(e!t 2ontinuous #ense
:sed for an action %ust completed or continued up to now.
E!ample: -e has been tal"in for an hour.
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RINZmynotesongrammar
#/E *AS# #E%SE
1" #he *ast Simple #ense
:sed to describe a completed past action when the time of the action is
mentioned.
E!ample: I went to the cinema yesterday.

:sed to show for a past action that was completely done in the past.
E!ample: #y mother made a ca"e and we all ate it.

:sed to e!press a habitual past action.
E!ample: -e always came home late.

2" #he *ast 2ontinuous #ense
:sed for an action that was oin on in the past when somethin else
happened.
E!ample: )hile they were watchin television, the liht went out.

:sed to show an action that was oin on at a certain time in the past.
E!ample: I was eatin my dinner at A ocloc" last niht.

:sed for two actions that were oin on at the same time in the past.
E!ample: )hile his father was readin the newspaper, his mother was
coo"in.

3" #he *ast *er(e!t #ense
:sed for an action that was completed before another action too" place.
E!ample: I had left the house before he arrived.

:sed in the Indirect or Beported $peech.
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RINZmynotesongrammar
E!ample: ;I have read the boo"<. -e said that he had read the boo".

4" #he *ast *er(e!t 2ontinuous #ense
:sed for an action that had been oin on in the past before another action
occurred in the past.
E!ample: $he had been coo"in when we visited her.

#/E )&#&RE #E%SE
The 3uture Tense is used to show some action or happenin in the future. 3uture
$imple C Doin To<
1" Simple )uture #ense is used to show future action or that somethin will
happen in the future.
E!ample: )e will complete the wor" tomorrow.

2" 56oing to7 is used to e!press a future action that has been planned in
advance.
E!ample: )e are oin to =apan ne!t wee".

3" )uture 2ontinuous #ense is used to show continuous action at some
future time.
E!ample: I shall be seein both of you tomorrow.

4" )uture *er(e!t #ense is used for an action which will have finished by
some future time or date which is mentioned or before another action has beun.
E!ample: I shall have finished this %ob by seven ocloc".
I shall have finished this %ob by the time you arrive.

8" )uture *er(e!t 2ontinuous #ense" This continuous tense is formed with
shall&will have been C a present particle.
E!ample: I shall have been married for e!actly ten years ne!t $aturday.
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