Tv transmission consists of 2 parts:

1. Audio
2. Video
AUDIO :
Sound is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within
the range of hearing
The mechanical vibrations that can be interpreted as sound are able to travel through all forms of matter: gases, liquids, solids,
and plasmas. The matter that supports the sound is called the medium.
Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.
The perception of sound in any organism is limited to a certain range of frequencies. For humans, hearing is normally limited to
frequencies between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz (20 kHz)
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The speed of sound depends on the medium the waves pass through
Actual sound is a complex wave containing several components having frequencies that are harmonically related to each other
Sound is characterized by the following :
1. Pitch
2. Loudness
3. Sound speed
4. Phase

PITCH : the fundamental frequency corresponding to the harmonics is called pitch and is measured in cycles/second . Pitch is
a perceptual property that allows the ordering of sounds on a frequency-related scale. Pitches are compared as
"higher" and "lower" in the sense associated . "high" pitch means very rapid oscillation, and "low" pitch corresponds
to slower oscillation. The standard audio frequency used in tv transmission is 1 kilohertz which is an intermediate
frequency for males and females .
Plotting a graph for the intelligence of sound between amplitude and frequency we can find the intermediate audio frequency.


the pitch for female voice is higher than the male voice due to which it sounds better to the human ear . intelligence of sound is more
clear ie more power is present in higher frequencies thus making female voice better . The voiced speech of a typical adult male will
have a fundamental frequency from 85 to 180 Hz(taken 125hz), and that of a typical adult female from 165 to 255 Hz which is
almost twice the frequency for male voice.
LOUDNESS : it is the amplitude of the wave of vibrations , measured in dyne/cm2