1.

Apparatus and Reagent

1. Test tube and test tube rack
2. Burner
3. Filter paper
4. Graduated Cylinder
5. Beaker Glass
6. Dropping pipette
7. Funnel
8. Electrode Cu plate
9. Salt bridge
10. Carbon electrode
11. pH meter
12. Tube with U type
13. GV AC current source
14. Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Pb, Zn
metal
15. Solution of Pb(NO
3
)
2
0.1 M
16. Solution of Zn(NO
3
)
2
0.1 M
17. Solution of 0.1 M AgNO
3

18. Solution of 0.1 M NaNO
3

19. Solution of 6 M HCl
20. Solution of 0.1 M FeCl
3

21. Solution of 0.1 M KI
22. Solution of 0.25 M KI
23. Solution of H
2
SO
4

24. Solution of 0.1 M H
2
O
2

25. Solution of starch
26. Solution of CuSO
4

27. Solution of ZnSO
4

28. Solution of SnCl
2
0.1 M
29. PP indicator




















2. Observation Data
a. Redox Reaction
1) Reaction of metal and metal nitrate solution
Metal Pb(NO
3
)
2
Zn(NO
3
)
2
NaNO
3
AgNO
3
Al
There are
not reaction
A few of
precipitate
There are
not reaction
There are not
reaction
Cu
There are
not reaction
There are
not reaction
There are
not reaction
The color of
Cu change
into black
Fe
There are
not reaction
There are
not reaction
There are
not reaction
There are not
reaction
Table 1. Reaction of metal and metal nitrat solution

2) Reaction of metal and HCl solution

Metal Observation
Cu No reaction
Fe No reaction
Mg Bubbling, fast, and heat
Zn Bubbling, slow
Pb No reaction
Table 2. Reaction of metal and HCl solution





3) H
2
O
2
+ H
2
SO
4
+ KI + starch :
there is percipitate disperse in there, the color is yellow-red-brown.
The reaction :
Oxidation
Reduction

4) FeCl
3
+ H
2
SO
4
+ KI heated + starch :
There is black colored precipitate and the solution has yellow
colored.
The reaction :


Oxidation
Reduction
5) Zn + CuSO
4
:
Cu becomes powder
The reaction :
A (-) : Zn
(s)
Zn
2+
+ 2e
C (+) : Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
(s)
Zn
(s)
+ Cu
2+
Zn
2+
+ Cu
(s)
Cu + ZnSO
4
:
Observation : there are not occur reaction
Cu + ZnSO
4










O H SO K I SO H I K O H
1
2 4 2
0
2 4 2
1
2
2
2
2


e H SO Fe HCl SO K I SO H I K Cl Fe


4
2
4 2
0
2 4 2
1
3
3
3 6 2
b. Electrolysis of KI solution
Observation Solution on Anode Solution on Cathode
Visual/Change Yellow Colorless + gas bubbles
Color
+ starch solution :
Green, and any percipitate
+CHCl
3

Orange layer at the bottom
+ PP solution :
Pink colored
+ FeCL
3
:
Red colored
Smell hospital smelt No smell
Reaction 2I
-
(aq)
I
2(g)
+ 2e 2H
2
O
9aq)
+ 2e 2OH

(aq)
+H
2(g)
Table 3. Electrolysis of KI solution
c. Electrolysis of CuSO
4

Observation Solution on Anode Solution on Cathode
Using C electrode

Bubbling Nobubbling
Occurred change
reaction
+ starch : no change
color
+CHCl
3
: white
separated in the
solution
+PP : no change color
+FeCl
3
: bright green
Reaction 2H
2
O
(l)
4H
+
+O
2(g)
+4e Cu
2+
+2e Cu
(s)

Table 4. Electrolysis of CuSO
4












3. Discussion
a. Redox titration
1) Reaction of metal and metal nitrat solution
The indications that indicate that the redox is spontaneous : release
gas bubbles, occurring discoloration of metal and solution of oxidation.
At first, we dissolved Al in a solution of Pb(NO
3
)
2
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
, NaNO
3
,
and AgNO
3
. There is no reacted between all of solution. Because Al has
greater potential reduction.
The reaction between Al metal and metal nitrat solution:
2 Al
(s)
+ 3Pb(NO
3
)
2

(aq)
2Al(NO
3
)
3

(aq)
+ 3 Pb
(s)

2 Al
(s)
+ 3 Zn(NO
3
)
2

(aq)
2 Al(NO
3
)
3

(aq)
+ 3 Zn
(s)

Al
(s)
+ 3 AgNO
3

(aq)
Al(NO
3
)
3

(aq)
+ 3 Ag
(s)

Al
(s)
+ NaNO
3

(aq)

The second, we dissolved Cu in a solution of Pb(NO
3
)
2
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
,
NaNO
3
, and AgNO
3
. Cu reacted only with AgNO
3
. They released some
gas bubbles and discoloration of Cu. It corresponded with volta series.
Ag was located right next to Cu. Pb, Zn, and Na were located left next
to Cu. So they couldnt reacted.
The reaction is:
Cu
(s)
+ Pb(NO
3
)
2

(aq)

Cu
(s)
+ Zn(NO
3
)
2

(aq)

Cu
(s)
+ 2 AgNO
3

(aq)
Cu(NO
3
)
3

(aq)
+ 2 Ag
(s)

Cu
(s)
+ NaNO
3

(aq)

The last, we dissolved Fe in a solution of Pb(NO
3
)
2
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
,
NaNO
3
, and AgNO
3
. There is no reacted between all of solution.
From the observation data, we know that the amount of gas bubbles
formed didnt same. We could arrange the metal like volta series. Li K
Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt
Au.
The left position of metal in the sequence, then the more reactive
metal (easier to release electrons).

The reaction is:
Fe
(s)
+ Pb(NO
3
)
2

(aq)
Fe(NO
3
)
2

(aq)
+ Pb
(s)

Fe
(s)
+ Zn(NO
3
)
2

(aq)

Fe
(s)
+ AgNO
3

(aq)
Fe(NO
3
)
2

(aq)
+ 2Ag
(s)

Fe
(s)
+ NaNO
3

(aq)


2) Reaction of metal and HCl solution
In this experiment, we insert some metals like Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn and
Pb into HCl solution. From the experiment, there are two metals that
cannot react with HCl solution. They are Cu metal and Pb metal. Cu
metal cannot react with HCl solution because Cu metal position in volta
series is Hs right. And for Pb metal, based on the theory, Pb metal can
react with HCl solution. But in this experiment Pb could not. Perhaps in
the surface of Pb metal, there is a few bubbles but we cannot see it.
The reaction is:
Fe
(s)
+ 2HCl
(aq)
FeCl
2

(aq)
+ H
2(g)

Mg
(s)
+ 2HCl
(aq)
MgCl
2
+ H
2(g)
Pb
(s)
+ 2HCl
(aq)
PbCl
2

(aq)
+ H
2(g)

Cu
(s)
+ 2HCl
(aq)
Zn
(s)
+ 2HCl
(aq)
ZnCl
2

(aq)
+ H
2(g)


3) H
2
O
2
+ H
2
SO
4
+ KI + starch :
This reaction is done to shown happened of redox reaction. In the
experiment, we react H
2
O
2
solution with H
2
SO
4
solution, KI solution,
and starch solution. The color of solution is yellow-red-brown. In this
case, oxygen happens reduction and Iodium happens oxidation. The
reaction is :





O H SO K I SO H I K O H
2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2
2
4) FeCl
3
+ H
2
SO
4
+ KI heated + starch :
This experiment also shown redox reaction. In this case, FeCl
3
is
reacted with H
2
SO
4
to form acid solution and then react with KI
solution. Because this reaction cannot react in room temperature, so the
solution is heating. After heating the solution becomes yellow and there
is black colored precipitate. The reaction is :


5) Zn + CuSO
4
:
When Zn metal insert into CuSO
4
solution, Zn can react with
CuSO
4
. There are some bubbles and Cu becomes black. But, when Cu
insert into ZnSO
4
there are no reaction. It is because E of Zn metal is
fewer than E of Cu metal. The reaction is:
Zn
(s)
+ CuSO
4 (aq)
ZnSO
4 (aq)
+ Cu
(s)

Cu
(s)
+ ZnSO
4 (aq)

b. Electrolysis of KI solution
On next experiment, we use electrode C. after 15 minutes, there are
many changes. In anode, happens leach electrode and the color becomes
yellow. In the catode there are some bubbles and colourless. And then we
take some solution of anode and add starch solution and CHCl
3
solution.
When we add CHCl
3
solution, the color becomes orange and when we add
starch solution, it becomes green.
On the other hand, we take cathode solution and we add PP and FeCl
3
solution. When we add PP solution it becomes pink and when add FeCl
3

solution it becomes red. The reaction is:
KI
(aq)
K
+
(aq)
+ I
-
(aq)
Cathode (-) : 2H
2
O
(l)
+ 2e 2OH
-
(aq)
+ H
2(g)
Anode (+) : 2I
-
(aq)
I
2(s)
+ 2e
Reaction cell : 2H
2
O
(l)
+ 2I
-
(aq)
I
2(s)
+ 2OH
-
(aq)
+ H
2(g)



e H SO Fe HCl SO K I SO H I K Cl Fe

4 4 2 2 4 2 3
3 6 2
c. Electrolysis CuSO
4(aq)
with electrode C
Before reaction the color is blue. After reaction, in anode there ar e some
burble. But in cathode there are not burble but formed precipitate of Cu.
The burble is from H
2
O molecule. The reaction is:
CuSO
4(aq)
Cu
2+
(aq)
+ SO
4
2-
(aq)
Cathode (-) : Cu
2+
(aq)
+ 2e Cu
(s)
|x2| 2Cu
2+
(aq)
+ 4e 2Cu
(s)

Anode (+) : 2H
2
O
(l)
4H
+
(aq)
+ O
2(g)
+ 4e
Cell reaction : 2Cu
2+
(aq)
+ 2H
2
O
(l)
2Cu
(s)
+ 4H
+
(aq)
+ O
2(g)


4. Conclussion and Suggestion
Conclusion :
1. Redox reactions are characterized by changes of oxidation number
2. The order of reactivity of metal from highest to the lowest is Na
Mg Al Zn Fe Pb H Cu Ag. The metal in the left side can reduct the
metal in its right side.
3. The value of E positive shown the reaction is spontaneously.
4. Electrolysis of KI solution
In the cathode formed H
2
(gas bubbles) and OH
-

The change of FeCl
3
with solution of cathode shows that
the solution is base (Fe(OH)
3
)
I
2
from anode change amylum become black
I
2
change CHCl
3
into pink and in anode is polar
Electrolysis of CuSO
4
solution
In the cathode Cu
2+
is reducted into Cu
C electrode is inert. So, the negative ion will be oxidized
except remaining of oxy acid. Like SO
4
2-
the water
(H
2
O) will be oxidized.
Suggestion :
1. Before doing experiment should be understand about the theory of the
experiment.
2. Be careful to use the material of the experiment.

5. Reference
Sapardi, Kasmadi. 2012. Kimia Dasar II. Semarang: Unnes
Susilowati, Endang. 2006. The Theory and Application of Chemistry. Solo: PT
Tiga Serangkai Mandiri
Zumdahl, Steven S and Decoste, Donald J. 2007. World of Chemistry. USA :
Houghton Mifflin Company


























6. Question
a. Redox Titration :
1) Cu
(s)
+ 2AgNO
3(aq)
Cu(NO
3
)
2(aq)
+ 2Ag
(s)
2) Ag Cu Pb Fe Zn Al Na

Because the more reactive so that easier to be oxidized
and more difficult to be reducted

3) Ag Cu H Pb Fe Zn Al Na


b. Electrolysis of KI solution
1) Salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution that does not interfere in the
reaction.
2) There are many gas bubble in cathode signify that in the solution of was a
flow of electricity and produced H2 gas. A flow of elevtricity was useful
to make a reaction which were not spontaneous be spontaneous.

c. Electrolysis of CuSO
4

1) CuSO
4(aq)
Cu
2+
(aq)
+ SO
4
2-
(aq)

Cathode (-) : Cu
2+
(aq)
+ 2e Cu
(s)
|x2| 2Cu
2+
(aq)
+ 4e 2Cu
(s)

Anode (+) : 2H
2
O
(l)
4H
+
(aq)
+ O
2(g)
+ 4e
Cell reaction : 2Cu
2+
(aq)
+ 2H
2
O
(l)
2Cu
(s)
+ 4H
+
(aq)
+ O
2(g)

2) To change the color of solution so the solution of shown by the adding PP.
3) CHCl
3
was phase organic. It couldnt be dissolved
4) Because C electrode is inert which can be oxidized by negative ions except
remaining of oxy acid.