Moment of Inertia of An Area by Integration

10.
4 Moments of Inertia
for an Area by Integration
10.4 Moments of Inertia
When the boundaries for a planar area are
expressed by mathematical functions,
moments of inertia for the area can be
determined by the previous method
If the element chosen for integration has a If the element chosen for integration has a
differential sie in t!o directions, a double
integration must be performed to evaluate
the moment of inertia
"ry to choose an element having a
differential sie or thic#ness in only one
direction for easy integration
$rocedure for Analysis
If a single integration is performed to determine
the moment of inertia of an area bout an axis, it
is necessary to specify differential element dA
"his element !ill be rectangular !ith a finite "his element !ill be rectangular !ith a finite
length and differential !idth
%lement is located so that it intersects the
boundary of the area at arbitrary point &x, y'
( !ays to orientate the element !ith respect to
the axis about !hich the axis of moment of
inertia is determined
)ase 1
*ength of element orientated parallel to the axis
+ccurs !hen the rectangular element is used to
determine I
y
for the area determine I
y
for the area
,irect application made since the element has
infinitesimal thic#ness dx and
therefore all parts of element
lie at the same moment
arm distance x from the y axis
)ase (
*ength of element orientated perpendicular to
the axis
All parts of the element !ill not lie at the same All parts of the element !ill not lie at the same
moment arm distance from the axis
-or I
x
of area, first calculate moment of inertia of
element about a horiontal
axis passing through the
element.s centroid and x axis
using the parallel axis theorem
%xample 10.1
,etermine the moment of
inertia for the rectangular area
!ith respect to &a' the
centroidal centroidal
x. axis, &b' the axis x
b
passing
through the base of the
rectangular, and &c' the pole or
. axis perpendicular to the x./y.
plane and passing through the
centroid ).
0olution
$art &a'
,ifferential element chosen, distance y. from
x. axis
x. axis
0ince dA 1 b dy.
3
2 /
2 /
2 2
12
1
' '
bh
dy y dA y I
h
h A
x
=
= =

0olution
$art &b'
Moment of inertia about an axis passing
through the base of the rectangle obtained
through the base of the rectangle obtained
by applying parallel axis theorem
3
2
3
2
3
1
2 12
1
bh
h
bh bh
Ad I I
x x
b
=
+ =
+ =
0olution
$art &c'
-or polar moment of inertia about point )
1
) (
12
1
12
1
2 2
'
3
'
b h bh
I I J
hb I
y x C
y
+ =
+ =
=
%xample 10.(
,etermine the moment of
inertia of the shaded area inertia of the shaded area
about the x axis
0olution
A differential element of area that is parallel
to the x axis is chosen for integration
0ince element has thic#ness dy and 0ince element has thic#ness dy and
intersects the curve at arbitrary point &x, y',
the area
dA 1 &100 2 x'dy
All parts of the element lie at the same
distance y from the x axis
0olution
2
2
) 100 ( dy x y
dA y I
A
A
x
=
=

4 6
200
0
200
0
4 2
2
200
0
2
) 10 ( 107
400
1
100
400
100
mm
dy y dy y
dy
y
y
A
=
=

0olution
A differential element parallel
to the y axis is chosen for
integration integration
Intersects the curve at
arbitrary point &x, y'
All parts of the element do not
lie at the same distance from
the x axis
for an Area by
Integration
for an Area by
Integration
0olution
$arallel axis theorem used to determine moment
of inertia of the element
-or moment of inertia about its centroidal axis, -or moment of inertia about its centroidal axis,
-or the differential element sho!n
"hus,
3
3
12
1
12
1
dxy I d
y h bx b
bh I
x
x
=
= =
=
0olution
-or centroid of the element from the x axis
Moment of inertia of the element
2 /
~
y y =
Moment of inertia of the element
Integrating
( )
( )
4 6
100
0
2 / 3
3
3
2
3 2
10 107
400
3
1
3
1
3
1
2 12
1
~
mm
dx x dx y dI I
dx y
y
ydx dxy y dA I d dI
A
x x
x x
=
= = =
=
+ = + =

%xample 10.3
,etermine the moment of inertia !ith respect
to the x axis of the circular area. to the x axis of the circular area.
0olution
)ase 1
0ince dA 1 (x dy
2
=

( )
4
2
) 2 (
4
2 2 2
2
2
a
dy y a y
dy x y
dA y I
a
a
A
A
x
=
=
=
=
0olution
)ase (
)entroid for the element lies
on the x axis
on the x axis
4oting
d
y
1 0
-or a rectangle,
3
'
12
1
bh I
x
=
0olution
Integrating !ith respect to x
( )
3
2
2
12
1
3
3
dx y
y dx dI
x
=
=
Integrating !ith respect to x
( )
4
3
2
4
2 / 3
2 2
a
dx x a I
a
a
x
=
=


%xample 10.4
,etermine the moment of inertia of the
shaded area about the x
axis.
0olution
)ase 1
,ifferential element parallel to x axis chosen
Intersects the curve at &x ,y' and &x , y'
Intersects the curve at &x
(
,y' and &x
1
, y'
Area, dA 1 &x
1
2 x
(
'dy
All elements lie at the same distance y from
the x axis
( ) ( )
4
1
0
4 2 / 7
1
0
2
1
0
2 1
2 2
0357 . 0
4
1
7
2
m y y I
dy y y y dy x x y dA y I
x
A
x
= =
= = =

0olution
)ase (
,ifferential element parallel
to y axis chosen
Intersects the curve at &x, y ' Intersects the curve at &x, y
(
'
and &x, y
1
'
All elements do not lie at the
same distance from the x axis
5se parallel axis theorem to
find moment of inertia about
the x axis
10.4 Moments of Inertia for
an Area by Integration
10.4 Moments of Inertia for
an Area by Integration
0olution
Integrating
( ) ( )
2
3
3
'
1
~
12
1
y y
bh I
x

=
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
4
1
0
7 4
1
0
6 3
6 3 3
1
3
2
1 2
1 1 2
3
1 2
2
0357 . 0
21
1
12
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
2 12
1
~
m x x
dx x x I
dx x x dx y y
y y
y dx y y y y dx y dA I d dI
x
x x
= =
=
= =

+ + = + =

Moment of Inertia of An Area by Integration

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10.4 Moments of Inertia

10.4 Moments of Inertia

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