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    Watchdog May 1985

    Uploaded by

    Lynda Boyd

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Cevelopnent Education Trust BOK 1905, CHEM, Campaign Against Fareiga Cesirat init 20449, - hay 1985 ISSW 91110896 Contents Page A Dale of Dead ne’ Grash in ‘the Pai Official Story of 1981 Usar ippines dnuidad ¥¥:covert Action, 2 ot 8 Jide on heen 3 Got a File ou You(Prezent) 5 . tlever Slee va-hore Skeletons from the aNZUS Closet E Viemmam i whet They Don't Know Will Hurt Pepi? 8 buclear Sewer-ione, Pruths From On High 14 ic saen's Celling Gerd-packg round Jeport on NX 16 wjscile fests in the Gasman Sea-by Owen Wilkes suthentic bad Poetry 22 Eeyond ANZUS Book ;Buy NZ for Peace Kit;N4 Environment 23 viclear winter Fallout, ¥. ~22.m,Saturdey June eagle gHOLNS AGH. Houge Hagley Avenue Christchurch, this acs is Worth attending because we shall decide whether or not ic change Que bitle-fron "Hew Zealand" to"Actearoa".all yiews already received will be considertd.we will also consider our plane for our oxt 10 years. Av usual we will show a video,and there will be the usuel reports from the treasurer and chairperson, plus election of officers. > MEN rash in the PhiLlinings. any 9 silken (fron S¥eden) broke the 81 Fatol ervsh oC f Wool MOISE elrerart flied prassemers were selate rious nationalitic man. Ye never te or the crash, I for us was the invely nent of the SAS in the Fkillipines, taking part in a Specdel War- Bxercise (SPROWAR®X) in the massive US pase at Subie Fe novover in 1984 2 story circulated that tn. plane hed been shot nown by fuerrillss of the New People's Army, flrhting the Marcos dictatorship. If this wes trae, if was news to us, be desided to check it out officially. Unaer the US Bresdom of Information act, wo wrote to the asking for their official report into the crash. word came b: from the relevent investigeting body Norton Air Pores Base, Calif- ornia, Ve could have “releasable portions” of the report, provided we were prepared to pay all ecsts. As we had been asked to pay U3 900 by another US Government aguncy in relation to another FOTs request (see Watchdog 48), our hearts sank, But the JSAF only wanted $US 13.150. Roger Douglas! Christmas present to fineucial spcoulaters we to lift all restrictions on sending monsy cub of ‘the countsy, ¢ we gent it, horrendous exchange rate and all, Mind you the prer nla USAF could do with the money, what with its defence contractors charging it hundreds for a hammer and thousands for a ocffee me ine that keeps on brewing after all the aircrew are dena. Bventuelly the "mishap" repert orrived (2 crach thet Filled over 29 men is apparently @ mishap). The USAY waun't kidding when 1t said we could have the releasable portions ~ over 50% of it has been censored. All of it is written in the dehurenis.d jargon peculiar to the US military, most of it is cye ylezing tcohnical sturt (everything you've ever wanted to know about stripping an alreraft engine.) The USAP reveals its priorities - it releases heartbreakingly personal data (e.g. the inventory of effects of one nf the dead crew), but nothing as to the cause of the crash. The report may well say the plane was/was not shot down by the NPA, but it's n> in the sections released to us. It may indeed say that the caus is unknown, but once again that's not in the "releasable portions”. Simaltancous-to our-approach to. the USAB, we.wrote to. the NZ Secretary cf Defence under the Official Teformation Act. te acked CARCTHZ, greatly aide story of the Wenranry 4 in the Philliuines. une hin 4 straightforward questions, and he gave us 4 straightforward answers( 24/4/85). . We asked 1 the plane was on a training ex: ise o:' a Live mission in the Phillipines? Answers “@tradming mission. Was it flying within a I$ military base in the’ Phillipines? Angwer- "the aireraft flvw outside the confines of the base at Subic Bay, bub its flight path remained within the Intensive #ilitary Training area of the 1S Subic Naval Station/ Cubi Point Naval Air Statior airspace”. Did it crash within the confines of a US base? Answer- "the aircraft crashed northwest o2 Tabones Island in Subic Bay which is within the confines of the Intensive Military Training Area re- ferred to above” Was the aircraft shot down? anawer- "It was not possible to est- ablish conclusively the cause of the erash, but there was nothing ~2- in the reports made by the sol; sugecst that the airereft had been shot éown". eee nt's the offieial NZ story, Pe have no evidence to contradict ite As atated above, the cause of the crash wos never the mein Mint ferus, but the revelation that the NZ militacy (particularly Most geeretive body) was using US tasce in the Phillipines te wargam survivor end by eyewitnesses to There is a poignant footnote to thi 5. The news media ignored story when we broke it in "B41. xeept the “6 O'clock" in Auckland, after their ory appeared, the widow of one of the killed SAS men- rang the reporter from her home in Papakura Army camp, to see if he sould tell her more about her hus d'g desth. He couldn't, and nev~ pr heard from her agein. This 2 CAFCINZ in the strange position of informing the families of the SAS men more about their huaband’s activitie snd deaths) than the NZ Army docs. Oh yea. The secretary of Defence, Denis McLean, revealed his views about the Phillipines in an address in Honolulu, just before ihe 198), election. According to the “Sundey Star Bulletin and fdy feer"(1/7/ah) MeLean said thet the Phillipine army docan’t seem Nelexible and tough enough to come to grips” with the NPA. He als reminded his eudience that New Zeeland had condiserable foreign eid invested in the Phillipines, including « majer geothermal proj cot. $0 buck yourself up Marcos. Rememwer you're fighting to protect New Zealand investment. Perhaps the Red Squsd could show them how to de it. * pte Watehdeg 48 contained everything you needed to know about gollderided IT, the excellent magazine about the Phillipines. Bicep Sor ono deteil - the price, and that's bucause we didn't know it 6% that stage. Hevcver we can now inform you that, as of July 198k, the ennuct subd for Asia (which presumably includes NZ? ist ‘individusls, US 1! institutions, BUS 25. The edd is; Resource Conter for Phillipia Concerns (ROPC), CPO Box 1118 COVERT ACTION CAFCING recently lashed out and hought the complete set of bac iseucs of Covert Action Information Bulletin, going back to 1976. This extraordinary magazine deals in indepth ‘anelysis of the world de sctivitics of the CIA, and th mit of iS seeret activ- jtiss. Ite editoriel advisory board includes ox-CIA agent turned author, Philip agee. Until stopped by a speciclly passed US lew fugozine puslished ao many nemes of CIA officials as possible luding the chief of station wellington). ic are currently reading every issue with a view to indexing %h complete set in relution to matters of interest to us. *e welcome atehacg readers to have s to this goldmine to contac us, If you wish to contact the he dircet, the addfess is Box 50272, bon DG 2000, AS mentioned elsewhere {in this i seasion of a treasure trove of ment in the Vietnam war. The sost official cables, including several on protests against the war. One is a cracker. It's dated March 4, 1965, from Raymond 3. icre, First Secrstary of the US Embassy in Wellington, Tt was sont to the State Department, with epics for. the US Gonsul in Auckland, nd the US Embassy in Saigon(now He Chi Winh City). It's headed Protests Against Air Strikes in Nerth Vietnam", Rbbreviationa used re SVN(South Vietnam); GND(Campaign for Nuclear Disarmamcnt) 5 CPNZ(Communist Party of New Zealsnd). It came complete with copies of vretest letters received by the Mhassy f'rom the CP¥Z, unions, tne University of Canterbury Now Left Glab, ete. We reprint it in full: c, CARCING has come into por risl on New Ze nteresting items ar- a numbe: AS reported in reftel, the recent. US-SVN sir strikes against North Vict-Nam gave rise to throe minor and orderly protest dem onstrations ~- at the Embuccsy in Wellington, the Consulate in * auckland, end the Cansuler Agency in Christchurch. Attached ane the verbatim texta of statements delivered to ths Embasay and consular offices at the time of the demonstrat— ions, or otherwiac transmitted to the Eubassy. The statements protest the United States *setions, eall for their cessation ond the withdrawal of United States forces from Viet-Nam, and the referral of tho problem to s Geneva Canference or to mediators. aland's involve- With the exception of the Pendslton Brench of the Labor Party, whose Secretary, Paul Piesse, handed in a protest statement to the american Consular Agent in Christchurch, the signatures on the various statements came as no surprise te the En Her ever, with the exception of the GNPZ(Canterbury Distgict), 4 ee Council, and the GND, it is doubted thst the sipnatori reflected the formed opinion of a significant number of the members of their organizations, principally trade unions, who in any case were not eonsulted. Only cisht lettcrs have he received by the Embassy follow- ing the rctolistory stpikes againgt North Vict-Nam of which s supported the sections token by t United States and South V: Nam and expres oval of the protest demonstrations. cf the write: seeisted themsclyes from ste ments sirned by tl so-called representatives of their organiz- ations, In addition te’ the demonstration betore th on February 12, Victor Wilcox, General Seeretary of tried to srrange another and larger demonstretion on } when a sccond protest statement mas delivered to t a four-man delegation headed by K. Drivers’ Union, The dulegation eppesred but ae denbastration or pickets materislized. The presence of this delegation provid the Ambassador with an oppertunity te prepare e statement on the Viet-Nam situation which wa ucd to the s where it re: Emhassy buildin: the CPNG, von delekation and isa~ Welling ae While the CPNZ as such was not openly assceiated with the dom enstrations or statements, cxeupt in Christchurch, wea known to have buen the active force behind the demonstration and state- ments in Wellington where it tricd to build up a trade union front, In Avéklend, eccording to information reecived by Consul David @. Wilson, ©. Ron Howell, President of the N.Z -(Red) , China Secietg, announecd tee demonstration to be held at the Cen- sulate at a Fésec Council meeting. It is interesting to note that Mr Deuglas frankly sdmittcd to the Ambassador that he was s member «f the Communist Party, but stated that he had come to protest American actions in Vict- Nam in his trade union and not Comminist Party capacity. Tt should be alse noted at this point thst the Federation of “abor was not involved in the demonstrations nor did it comment on the US-SVN retaliatory agtions, Althcugh it had been reported ,to the Consulate in Auckland that the Auckland Trades Council “was assisting in the organization of the demonstration there, Consul "ilsen was informed ey a Trades Council member that the Council's Executive had not even considerca United States policy in Viet-Nem at its meeting. In sum, the demonstrations were mainly CPNZ-inspirea, cid not exeite public interest, and were not successful in yeeking to stir up any wider anti-American sentiment, However they did srouse expressions of support for the United States actions beth in letters to the Bmoassy end to the press, which is quite un- usual since nermslly only the antis take the’ trouble to write." Paul Piosse, then secretary of ‘the Fendelton branch of the Labour Party, is now secretary of the Storepersens' and Packers’ Union in Christchurch, and come very closc to heing selected Labour candidat for the ssf Avon seat; the Douglas of the Wellington Drivers’ Uaion who “Crankly edmitted to the ambassader thet he wes a member of the Cemmuntst Party", is now FOL Secretary and a leading light n the SUP. It's fascinating to read th David G. Wilson, US €onsul in Auck~ 0 inside both Auckland Pesce Council and the Land Council. It was no dourt reassuring for the US to opvesition to bombing North Victnam, wag all p before Ho’ committed NZ troops to in Communist plot War. If this is what the US Embassy was vhat its cables mist read like now, Vhab A Methedist phet? What with US newep. describing Labour os “Secialist bums" (fancy calling Reger Douglas a Socialist), the cebles would make very interesting reading. Wot only bes Lango denica the US Navy its R&R, he's run cround Afica in his"Nuketustors" T-shirt, meeting terror Per old Ronni sore than flesh and halr dye ean bear. reporting 29 years age, ims: ould it be attribatadl ” -5- EESENT) One of the more rv rehensible actions of the Marginei Bleetoratus election Strateg aise known as the 1384 wbek tour) was y's use of the security Intelligence { rivate setective agency (not for the only » mina youk. At the height of it all, he got his pet sewerage sifters to release 6 re~ port naming a First XV of "redicels and wwhversives", the anti-tour movement, AS usual in matters inySlving tic STS, the term Intelligence wos sadly misapplied, In more “than one case, their information turned out to be wrong and had to b rected, at the taxpayers’ cxpenae. One person so likelled was Don Carson. Not content to take it ng Gown, he went through the proper channels and appualed to the Commissioner of Security Appeals. Ho wen. fic thon decided to au the Crown for dameges. In 1985 ib was suttlea out of court. What wes particularly fascinating about the ease was what the “tS had to produce under a writ of diseovery, and whet 1% mfused produce. Carson is a loading loca’ spokcaten tor the Palestinien use — the SIS refused to prodnee correspondence between it snd the Tsracli Embassy sbout him, This raises very diaturbing questions chout the surveillance of New Zoslanders by the S18 on achalf of foreign governments. The S18 also reruacd to produce insterial covering severcl other sspeets of Carson's life, under itp surveil- Lene rvieo ag his personal 1 e the SIS did deign to produce (even its solieita cannot be was intriguing, Tts newspuper clipping file om Garson started hen he was elected to the cxeeutive of Victoria Nniv: y Student! Ansoctation(as Sports Officer!). Clippings alac covered nis involve= ent with the Committee on Vietnam, HART, Campsign Against Nuclear arships, Priends of Palustint. and CAWCINY, Thus armed with the knowledge that persons involved with CARCIN? fin become the subject of SIS files, we decided to write and ask Lor the SIS file on CARCINZ. This is the reply we recéived twom STS Dir~ Feber, John Smith (2b/4/25). "I recret that T cannot meet the request, noither confirm nor deny the existence of fsformation concern- ng the sbove ordanisatiin(CAarCTHz). This a rigs given pure to Section 40 of the Official Information Act 198 “TQM convinced that meeting ang sich request ip likely to damace rity by meking the Service vulnerable to a systematie collection ‘an. Sven the supply of spperently innconcus or nesatiy. tic" could place the interrity and effiescy of the bo Peveoling tho extent ond quality of Its octivitiens fudging from the Carson ensc, tho S13 has good groand: ty Bide the quality of its uctivities. Hs was accused of p chloropierin fer use by she st movement; urity Appesls aecep anation that te gle boing a market g bo want 4 ocuring issloner of got it to And sc "e intend to take this matter urd! Atay ~6- RUSK NEVER SLEEPS aN Prom th In his"Listencr" srtiel2(13/4/85) dcfending his Governm nuclear-free policy, David Lange stated: "In 1982 the Ausiralion n Foreign Affairs ung Defenes investigated the in the 1960's on which gustrslia hed attempted unsuccesstully to secure undertakings cf Ameriean support in aticipstion of cenflict with Indonesia, and concluded that in neither of those instane the tll extent of Upited States aolve restly tested. The d States, therefore, has not had 80 for to resolve dilemmas ses d with upholding actual or assumed scourity onl Australie 9 Zealand under the ANZUS Treaty" 1... But who should pop up to contradict the Aussies and Lange, but eld Desn Rusk, US Scorctary of State under Presidents Kennedy Johnsen, and one of 1 ts of the Vietnam wer. The 76 eld Rusk, who now works 2t the University of Georgia lew achool, wrote to the "New Zealand Herald". The "Herald"(42/4/85) made ¢ front page lead out of it, under the heading "The Day ANZUS Got ‘n Airing". Rusk wrote: "On st least one occasion, the ANZUS Treaty worked to the advantage of New Zeoland and Austrclia. When Sukarnc of Indonesia was making hostile moves against Malaysis, I person— ally told his foreign ministcr, Mr Subandrio, that if ¢lementa of tho Australia-New Zosland forces in Malaysia were subject to attack, thet would trigger the ANZUS Treaty because theae forces would he covered by its provisions, It is a matter of record that Sukarne hacked away from his threats, but I do nut know what port was played by my statement to Mp’ Subandrio", The relevent NZ Minister of Defence, Dean Eyre(who urged the Us to hit North Victnam with a "hasinful of bombs") soid it hed een his understanding that the US would have Invoked ANZUS if the Indonesiens had attacked NZ trocys The context of s11 this was that Pr adopted = policy of "Confrontation" wi of Malays NZ's Prime Minster, K HZ was prepured to fight in defince of Melaysia a long wa. of attrition, massing troo Maloysia, and sending atned infiltrators + 1964 NZ ordered its 760 ma his infiltration, fights nd Australian treo} 1963-65, Whilst this is all very intcresting historically (it's salutery in the late 50's to mid 60's NZ was fighting or z s in Meiaya, Bornes, Thailand ond Vietnam), * offers somo Slarming precedents. Tsn’t ANZUS supposed to be ifie treaty? Tt was even signcd in San Frunpiseo, specifi soouse that's on the Pacific coast cf the US, Sines when h been in the Pacific? Does this mean that if RNZAF or Nz sonnel training in the Philippines are "threatened" by thu New gople's Amy, the US will invoke aNZuS them? Very intrig- uing Note one other thing. New Zculsnd (and apparently amerien) were prepared to gu to was with Indonesia then it wanted to expand ite territory vis o vis Malaysia. Sut not 2 whisner whan it annexed sident Sukarno of Indoncei- th the new conglomeration jolyoake, anounced that Indonesia began rneo border ite In Septomber action to eoynt alongside Briti at its peek from bh Indenesis Bast Timor a decade later. The JS Seerctary of State aidn't to invoke aMZUS or anything else then- in fact, vent in immediately after President Ford Sceretary K visited President Suharto in Jakarta. eny NZ government threstened war cver Bast Tinor( Recommended reading~ "Fretilin ena th Club Med Hypocrisy", “listencr", 4/5/85). Why? Because in the 60's we were dealing with Bad Indonesia, 9 netion with the biggest 6 Party in the non-Communist world, Ever since the military got mid rno and butchered 511 the Communiste(plus a few others for sood measure), it's been Good Indonesia. This has been particul: difficult for australia, which is prone to regular sttacks of Y Pil. Go don't hold your breath weiting for the Ready Reaction Porce to eome to the rescue when the Indones ans march into Port Mores, Lenge's "Listencr” article contains aucther fascinating throwaway line:"Some, like the UKUSA security arreement of 1947, predate the (ANZUS) treaty".... For the last searly 40 yesrs the simatori this intelligence sharing pact(UK, i138, Cani Britain, Aust: ind New Zesland) have refused to even confirm y its existence. This was the official reply the NZ Winistry of Defence gave to "P: archer" under the Official Information Act in the reccnt past. nour old matc Frank O'Flynn blew tho gaffe; the Seeretary of decided to state the obvious; and Langé mentions it in pa: don't like it - Lange is currently being sued for sbout wages by Sir William Gilbert, ex-Director of the SIS(it's unprecedented in itself for » former Dimetor to sue the current iin ister), Gilbert talked sbout the UKWSA Agreement in one of the tits snd bums papers; Lange told him to go beck smofget the undvad; and the worthy Brigadier took umbrage now we know shout the UKUSA dency wonder? But Lange still won't allow © rescarchers into Tanginosna. However, we're sure that will scome expedient in the fullness of time. sereement, Isn't expe CaFCINZ has recently come into aterial concerning NZ's i nfined to NZ's involvement cport, commissioned by th ressured by the US tc commit trovvs, susston ent in the olute golaminy nam wor. Tt ien't there ts ficial Australiar vernment, into hi fa nd then to inerease troop nv s(while cach time pretending that the request ¢ South Vistnam,) This report in itself contains object Le: or NZ in ight of the current ANZUS situstion, It includes sn assessment by then Secretary of State, De xaetly what the US edo wide range of ls allies to dc ‘Yictnam, including countries e.g. West Germany and Spain, that nover did actually involved there. Tt 1 State Department cables S attempts to get volvod( another country seine tin y in Wellingtcn neluding yroteste » the number cts of © is reprinted 4) the US Ema: volvement, this issue). We weleoms enquiries from or seeking ac to this chdog readers wanting furthur de! erial, Indus trialised health servi cletivs, the ones sith le re paradoxically suffering pidemic of birth defects. of the facto the 1 unsafe drugs regnancy. s pet on the mark and ¥ it take to g oved? The anfi-nsuses drug ndox (Bendectin’ in the ss in its de 4 and marketd provided 2 classic le of corporate crime sgainst the people. Though the Americon Medical Asso on has concluded that "Less than 4% of preg: u@ medication for ncusea,” Merre]1 Dow's original memo on Debendox was dering the profit to be made fren & market of 3-4 million pre ser year in the JS alone. Merrell Dow developed Ded. in 1953, and the drug came to morket 4 ycars be Thalidomide, sailing through the 1950's’ New Drug application proces without question in only 28 days. After the Thalidomide scandal (Merrell Dow is 2 subsidiar’ of Richardson Werrell, makers of Thalid- omide), s now drugs safety and effectiveness were supposed ta be proved before officisl approval was granted for its manufacture. Deb. was approved again, on the basis of Merrell Dow's supplied studies by a Dr Staples. In the middle of his first ex temperature in the lab dropped suddenly, and all but 2 of dicd. Staples allowed the 2 rabbits tc carry to term, and found no deformities in their offspring. He repeated the study on a larger Scale and reported deformities in 2 of the 4A offspring. In his Opinion, these reults did not prove conclusively that Deb. eauscd birth deformities, or could cause them among humens, but he did sey that furthur experimentation wes necessary. Staples! original repo ever shown to the US Pood and Drug Administration - the drug stration body, nor were the experiments repeated by Merrell bow, Tnotead, the company submitted a reworked version, minus Staples’ crucial rocommendation. Almost 17 years lator, the original study surfaced in a Deb. product liability trial in Florida, Tt was that either a anipulation of raw through incredible 262d data, the number of deformities hed been considerably lowered. The b pf the Miami University School of Medicine testificd thet fact 3 the litters were affected, with the number of abnor act 1 in 24. Perhaps most alarming, Staples had 2 the same 1 abnormslities in the Dob. S aS had appeared in Thalidomid rabbits. : between 1963 and 1980, M.D. withheld these results and other inte ation from the BDA, ted violati.n of the law requiring pharm ceutical manufaety indications of adverse side » cts. M.D. has still ed for this deliberate violation of 2 drug safety law. The damage could have atopped in 1963, as the “DA pharmacologist responsible tor the Duk. review, Dr Da Cox thet Lad ghé seen tho original report, she would have recommended uspending sale of the drag imuediotely. After the con an"markcting Deb., doctors beran contacting M.De, describing birth defects in children born to Deb. mothers. It vas later discovered tha pany bad their medicel officers contact doctors, requestin, t the adverse reaction reports they'd produced be rephrased to sound like an “inguiry”. Inquiries don't hav to be reported to the Fla, adverse reaction reports do, Once the inquiry Wes made, the companycanprercd the doctors letter, underl the fact that the doctor had sent an inquiry an adverse react ‘eport, M.D. then informed it had ailar adverse reactions utile. Ine 1971 r ded any reports of : fingers’ birth dofeet, though thor were at thet time 44 es on their files. Another such letter was sent to a doctor whe 8 worried shout hundreds of cuspicious births involving Deh., capecially svvere esrdise problems, at th on Ohildren's oep- ital. The rephrasing of this report into an inquiry saved W.D. from ing to resort s possiple 1000 specific birth anemalics to the wba. A statisticel clustering is the repeated occurrence of ons kind f detcct, and it's just this kind of report companies most rear. as well as those hvart abnormalities, reports centered around Linh eduction snd skeletal derormitics. shat stands ao strong vvidence of Deb.'s teratogenia(birth deforming) affects, is the fact thet 72% of the complaints that M.D. recvived, coneérn limb reduetion defcots. This proportion cf limb reduction defcots far oxecods thet of nny other drug cxeept Thalidomid: tatistiesl clustering is th first sign that a drug may be teratogenic, Tho National Academp of Science had rated Deb. as just "possibly" effective, thus proventing Government sales of the arug. In the 197° MD. battled to get the rating improvea to "probably", Lobbicd by M.D., the FDA's sssociate dircetor ot New Drug Evslustion, told acdical reviewers to casmine Deh. studics "as expeditizusly 2s poss- ible". The associate dirccter, a Dr Finkel, had previously worked for Merk Pharmaceuticals, and was known among drug company lobbyists nd consumer sdvocates alike aa "the company doctor". Onc of Der. 's 3 ingredients, doxylanine succinate, an anti-histamine, was marketed Separately .as e sleep sid and allergy romedy, eallea Decapryn. KDA'S br Belton had revicvcd Deeapryn and told the drug company that the drug label should read:~ Varning - Adcquate reproduction studics have not heen porformed in animals. There is insufficient information on whether this drug may affect fertility in haman males or tomale or have a teratogenic potential, or other adverse reactions on the us". In 4974, under Finkel, the werning requirement was dropped. H.D. hed submitted 4 vay studics on the Deb. ingredients, Tut #DA reviewer, Dr Scoville, ssid hc felt that the statisties pau cked and chosen" to M.D.'s advantage. ticned whether eny of the Ingredients contributed ei'fectiveness snd wonderod wheth -r the drug "should be allowed on the market at oll", Studies had that Deb. wes even more effective without its sucond ingredient, ‘ieyclomine hydrochloride. (Its third was pircdoxine - Vitamin Bé). However, in 1976, Finkel gave spproval for Deb.'s manufactur: ins 2-ingredient version( without dicyclomine), giving if the highes rating of “cffcctive". This wis despite a seathing 1 nage momo hy a mambor of the review psnel, Dr Lipman. Two yoars leter, the British Medical hy two doctors, 9: combination of or before birth. The common link netween thu mothers, was the ct Deb, at an anususlly carly stage of 0 » from 5g or 6 w Following criticisms and "inquiries" _ company and the nouldn't shake, cams the first sropogal #Da in 1979, that include in Der. packaying an insert for patienta s that any arnal put s of babies born with an ished an article medication during pregnancy was a risk, at vere preferable, Then in 1980 came the first Lawsui b Merrell, the Mekdeci case. Betty Mekdsei's son was born with 2 mal—Pormed arm end a caved-in dhest, and her investigating lud her to believe that Deb. was the cause The trial as 9 battle of the experts, but it exposed pho shaky founds tion drug testing ana safety stsnderas. It lasted 8 weeks, with jurors struggling to ponctrats the fey of mudical and leg] Jargon, dats, snd conflicting opinions, Th. verdict reflectud their “10 struggle. They found thet Deb. caussd or contrituted to David Wekdeci's deformitic » but awarded 420,000 f edical expenses 2 y compensaticn or punitive damages. A retrial vas er this of finding for the Mekdeoi's demeges, retrial revorsed the vordie ctty Nekdcoi's exoerien * to found the asscefation of Of her efforts to find out about Ded. she com to plc ag the mother of a deformea child, ie, unbalanced woman, bo I us.d-to sign ol, Red — research sssistant, And it work.d he trinl, Dr Finkel was quoted they think you'r. nysclf, Betty Mek Like a charm." Ironically, during 1s caylog that Ded. was only 20-25% more effective thef a placed The FDA contim recommend ii for nausea and vomiting, Mz however recommended it for juat nausea, as this would in the market. Tn 1981, worried about stuaies of a possible association of Leb, with heart defects and cleft lips and-palates, the FDA was urged by @ penel of advisors to instruct doctors that Deh. be Q uscd only for vomiting unresponsive to non-drug therapy, and that patient he given that written information with the drug. By now the FDA wes facing hearings on its handling of Dek. by. the House of Representatives’ Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation. An PDA medical officer, Dr Rosa, had also discovered that 219 cases of deformities had been omnitted from Werrell's Adverse Reactions sports. Law sults started tc flood in against Deb. In 1992 the US House sutcommittce on Science, Rescarch and Toch~ Rology uncovered new evidence of possitle teratogenic eftucts, ond in the FDA's handling, since 1956, cf its selentific piflog ef Bubs The oonetuatone mene! - that no convincing studics showed Deb's sat y or effective that the PDA had failed to do and effectiveness that FDA Chis Dow end Richardson Werrell failed te report "known evidence re: to the risks of De in ® timely and compléte’ manner. that the metufacturers provided the FDA with inedequate jot of evaluating Deb's wer cherges that Morrell ated askea to an Adver esetion’ reports. The shit hed finally hit the fen, 26 years of profit nting on the criginal Staples’ study, the oc tee pointed at that Stepl higher than th Tholidomide, rabbits were given dosages of Deb. © proseribed for humene, though in his hirth defects didn't cecur until they were given des~ are 709 times more sensitive to dose lso necessary to staulate large human populations.)The ¢: conn ttes 21 icised snother M.D. study - the Bunde study, which had heen used in: official and Murrell 5% ntg about Deh. Dr Bunde*(Richardson Merrell's ” chéd 1,199 pregnant women u: nant women whc weren't using it. eron't using Deh. gave birth t survey showed that 1 rmed children, Consul to the comnittce of the matching of women. then asked t 6 the SDA, tho company ignored the reques cutive, Patricia Tony, in the records ntrlouted n third the study's data, found listed, soctimes twice, as having taken Deb a child wes listed as normal when it had congenital malformatio fg practic b motners hed heen ==, 400 of the osse the »erd Benacetin (Debendox) typyd on tH ords, ats later date, put by the typeneiter. allowing the suheomaitfse's disclosures, wo.en's umer groups called on the Government to halt ugh, it dido't, In 1983 another product linbil %750,000 in damages against M.D. The company fought for the which leter reverged the decision, but knew of the « Th mid 1983 the company President annouhoed ture, citing bad publicity and heevy sens, He seid thut though present stock vera months, the company woald set up rome for unused stock. By this ti duits against Deh. Suddenly medics] journsls were suai Deb. and :ondemning the drug's "trial by sncedote™, affected fomilies"). They talked of "uncontrolled" c rts of the teratogenic Links, though apparently happy to accept, 4: pre viously ungritiesl of, tadly done and biased company studies An tditorisl in the Canadian Medics] Association Journal epproy jagly cited a study by Milkoviteh ana Van der Berg. Tt aian't mention that M.D. representatives met regularly with Milkoviteh throughout the research period. Van der Berg, according to o Werrcll memo, thought that any dircet personal grants to her could not be acceptable at thet time, but suggested that a designated “cirt” could be made to the University School cf Public Health for her use at a Later time. In the mcantime she suggestod that Merrell come up with 27,500 for consultants. Merrell didn't cough that up, though it did make a 3,000 donation available to that School of Healta, to be “available for rescarch which is now under the direct— ion of Dr Bea Van der Berg and Lucy milkovitch". Their study showed c link between Deb. end birth deformities. The Drug Intelligence ond Clinicnl Pharmacy Journel's editorial ot November 1983, talked of a “wealth of evidence showing the Lac: of teratogenic éffects of Deh.", but the reports cited are oil pre- 1979. Tt said that the FDA considered perred eati~ vietic for pregnaney, but that was position in 1981, refore the House of Represcatetive: ittue hed slated the For its poor joh in cvaluating Deb.'s a futy snd_effcctivences. & editorial ends by echoing M.D.'s doseripti Ded. aa the innocent "victim" asd insinuates thot the Lawsul ginst Merrell were prompted by parents! "mouraing elekness". The lay person hes a lot to learn ebout sefentific objectivity from such medical journala which arc well supported hy, and supporting of, the drug industry. How Gid the medical csteblishment react in this country? In larch 1984, tho adverse Drug Resdtions' Committee issucd a stat dent in thi NZ Medics] Journal. 4 carefully worded paragraph 5 thet the 2-ingredicnt Deb. wes tarketud for s yeer before prod stopped. Sinee dicyelomine withdrawn from US supplies in 4 the assumption must be that Aleyelaming wasn't withdrawn from 1 supplies till mid 1962, the same tim in Australia. The comnittco comnent.d on the quéstionatle ethics ena morelity of sctivists, “which resulted in the loss of an effic medicine, " and "AL present, insufficient evidence exists to support recomnen of an alternative medicine for this indication." (Where oh where ro the huge company grants to test common focds and dic for use in nauses?) The letter was signed by John Melil tmade media statements in Deb. That month the Sustre Journal ublished ty Dr “illlem McBride, tha in the proved snd fought fc ition of Tholidomide's deforming side sff He wrot def cadin estimony © Bes experiments on chick ond rebbit eabryos, which had proved both dicyclsmine end doxylamine 8 to be teratogenie. He-belicved that the earlier study of dicyelamine aad ite cffectiveness, may have influ~ enced its withdr: from the formuls in 1982. By that time AuBt— ralasian women had been teking for 5 years, a drug which was n inncossary, but thet (he had proved) togenic. Ta July 1984, when tore than 7CO lawsuits sgsinat Deb. were pend- ing in th. US slon ct up # fund for group settlement. It was of $420 millic Jllion to be paid straight sway, snother nillion in the cirst 3 years, thun #2 aillion a year for 15 years. Settlement cf current ou.drtake j7\00. million, and since Merrell did nob recall t » or suggest women destroy ies, meny more c surface in the future. 8, Debendox Action Groups et taking Legel ainst federol or stete health < for neglecting to inform patients om doctors.of the risks cesociated with Deb. However, N% citizens can't sue government officials. Neither do sy qualify for sceident compensation es pre-natal deformities aren't presently covered by the Aecident Compensation Act. The Reessurance Depsrtment's (What am I saying??) The Health Department's Director of Clinical services; Dr John Phil. ips, was quoted in the Christchurch Star in October last year as saying that the Dept. had told Mesrell to smend their advertising in 1961. The company hed advertised Deb. for "nausea and vomiting of pregnen- ey", and the Dept. asked ‘hat. the words "of pregnancy" be dropped. Dr Philips wes reported as ssying at the time that the Dept. woald be happicr if the drag were not uscd by pregnant women, However, in New Bthicals, a catalogue of prescription drugs which every doctor has sitting on their deske for constent use, the drug continued te be advertised as “for pregnancy" for seve al years after 1981. There wes never s hint in Now Bthicals that 1t could be teratogenic. Debendox is still svaileble in this country. Ta August 1983, Salmond and Spraggon, the distributors of Deb., wrote te the National Chemists Guild saying thet the drug had been discontinued end that they were out of stock. Tn March of thts year, © woman rang 5 Christehurch pharmacies, and told by 4 of them thet they stii2 hea stocks, Petient inserts listing alternative treatments and the risk of birth defects, were s fot included in the packets, Strangely, the next day, act J would admit to having y stock, Fach oraing, tho pharmacists ring a central distributing agency to place thoir drug orders, sod according to woinan who worked thers, this network 1s often used to pas NESBARSS. Dr William MeBride,(cf Sydney Womun's Hospital, and Foundation !4, a medical research srganisation) has recently reported his new studivs of Doxylomine 5. Used on NZ white rebbite, it caused mal- formstions in 20% of the fovtusus. This included limb reductions cys deformations and a urogenitsl deformity. An untreated control group did not have any deformed foctuges. He also tested the drug on Marmoset monkeys. They o11 aborted and so early it was impossible tell whether there were any deformities. McBride found that Deb. acts on the nerve functions, affecting the vyes, heart, bowels, iim and cereh bins] system, In line with the 1974 British report he seid that if Deb. was taken in the first seven wecks of pregnancy, the rate of deformed birth S-3%, but after 6 weeks, no effect Was apparent. Merrell's group settlements only, so Deh.-affect: re having to flgnt Their lawyers ars from being he wanting to sue HN, nly have been restricted to US sidents groups th Britain, australia, and XZ rom the comapny for their children, - 1S Gourt decision stopping their aid bh refus British perents ebls to got government a13- asaiotence. A recent class sotien trial of 100 cawes, Leng one 4 ing, with conflicting medical studies, resulted in the jury find fer the Company ttorney esllca Deb. an innocent bysta! nd said there studies proving links betacen the erug snc birth de The plaintiff's sttorncy hes requested Judge imbin to order 5 trisl cr to r decision, if Qubin refu: 1 will be lodged with US Court How much evidence of teratogenici retection becomes an isaue? Probably sbout $ of the c assceintion with birth defects, most concluded thet I mly a "week" ‘teratogen. (Wenk in numrers, not in it here be significance in the fact thet very few atudi earlincas of Deb. usc, of hod large numbers of women who h it before 5 weeks. , of the strongest criticiams of the withdrawal cf Deb., coming from medical journals end profussionals, is of the part lewsuits play: het demagua could bs awarded on the "rensonsbl bolief! that Deb. may have caused deformities, wus an affront to "seientific certainty". This argument , which thcy delight to pre~ duce as though It were the finsl anawer to consumr pressure, sho’ 2 shocking indifference to public heslth. If « lergely unneces: drag "may" or deformed childre to take it off the warket, Trying to prove it sefe on a human ex imentel populaticn, in the hope that there won't be some unforeseen disaster, — is that what 9 "solentific approach" offers? Amazingly, they seem not to understand the dismay the public feels at being uscu in this way. Bhen in 1982, a Christchurch woman esked a prominent gynaccolcaist whether thers was any possibility that Deb. could harm her foctus, she was denicd th She end her limh-deficient child paid the price for the Such parents, change: v » that in itsclf should be eno t the following s health centers, suppo: A. Any woman should be abl to get an garly pregnency test stratar > Prom s Ishoratory, without the extra tine, cost, formelity, and t. lessened privacy Of hsving to go to « medienl center first. shout harmful drugs from such publications as #DAls & pdate and Drug Alert Interpol should b th Dept. to the public via newameai nent! 3 cups, with the suggestion the set their doct: for information and discussion. 0 1d then hav! and evaluat, ae t its of treat- The Health Dept. should widely distribute to doctors end women, @ leaflet on non-drui nedics for pregnancy nausea. They csp pct this information from women's health groups, such 9s @hristchurch's "Mh: Henlth Alternatives for omen", ss con the public. should Fe put on the Health Dept. to mand iadop- dr 1 of drugs, here, ena fr A priority should he put on independent a drug should not be distributed to the ead by those wishing to sell it. ae om t public if it's iticisms ot sties, the seenty Christchurch Debondox Action octora and health 6 uth about a health problem, 40 to In the only reference T've hoon abl to find made 126.4 million dollars profit in 197 alone, and 1969 Dow Chemicals! redeeming festures British the most example of foreign ec New and the moat 1 onding. © i he well true thot several _ incelings and princclettes ols run by the SS end thet Hor i Timents, these cre not the only for opposing the mon: is an archaic relic of feudelism, w position is determined ely by birth or marriage. Tt therefore’ gocs without seying that can see no earthly reason for New Zealand to have a Governor-Genera treacherous examples cf Australis end Grenada too recent. Having ventcd our spleen, we think thet Archbishop Reeves, the Governor-General designate, 1s a Good Blcke. Althcugh we do think it's very inconsiderate of the Government, after Piggy one to the trouble of giving himself a knighthood in pr ation for the job. There's a strong suspicion thet Reeve kicked upstairs. It's also less likely that he'll get things thrown at him on Jaiteng Day. His views on South Africa and muclear issucs can't be faulted. Reeves made quite an extraordinery speech in Washington in January. (Now Zealanders seem to save thelr-best specches for overseas — Jim Knex springs to mind.) He got stuck into the pesce movement, which in too many cases shares the Burocentric views of its northern counterparts, whilst ignoring that we live in the most militsrisca on Barth ~ the Pacific. For meny in the white, middle-class cvement, the perspective has heen that the ng just won't sume ina nuclear winter. It's noteworthy that Reeves mede his speech before he w2s named next GG, and before Ronnie made David stand in the corne The speech was not widely reported, whe Press" ignored its political parts, concentrating tzlusye peturesque theme of Waord mytholocy. But "The Star"( 25/1/85Y ran it under the headli Y warns of Nucle Pr", And when Archbish age, you'd better listen. ke reprint aramayen finishing r corgis for medi the pe "Phe Primat into the nue’ noane movement’. o archbishop warned the hington, Most Rev on this week Zealand, th in Fashin 5, waded the ‘white sion of the Bpinecopalian Pacific could become a nuclear truth in the proposition thet peace is national mobilisation of physicians. They speak ing what would happen if the bom ashingten, But what of Filipinos or Kwojal © groaning now under virual militery cceupation or anorigines end Marshallese experiencing well-edvanced genocide perpetrated oa their peoples through pest nuclcar testing and present uranium mining? Nuclear war in the minds of indigenous Pacific peoples is b ed throughout ‘their region. The end is now! ™. sf white perspective on nuclear insues that tended te be shaped by class Archbishop Reeves said. ‘The problem is that the waite poace novemcnt rarcly suspends its agenda to truly listen to Thiv.d ‘orld yoiees, and when it t feels threatened by the analysis. The primary should b: have too long beun votcele: ion of colonisl rotitudes'. "The archbishop asked his Listeners some pointed questions after queting from a diceesan report which d thot ‘ao Christians we are chargéd with the neibility of influencing the policy of th nly one of the superpowers whose government is responsive to relir- jeus inspiration and influen “What evidence Is there, archoishop Recves asked, for Christ influence on US nuclear arma policy during the psst 4O years? 'Is it being claimed that the nuclear arms policy is itself beard en Christisn principles? are there not Christian influ ences in this country which would positively encourage aggressive nucle arms policy? Have not these conservative Christian viewnoints mors chance ing compatible with the nt administration than ot, nts?! "He would he grateful, he said pointedly, 'for any statement of theological principles which undergiras your work’, Pacifie pec ples hed more reason then most to fear th. consequences of nucleor war, the archbishop said. * ‘They have been treated as the guinea piga in weapons testing from the very start of the nuclear age. Alrendy there are signe that cancer is on the increase in Polynesia, with evacuations for oversess concer trestment rising dromatieslly from an averaye cf 26 per year in 1975-75 to 75 per year in 1980-62 ( on the French government's own figures). "'gver since Releu adopted » nue? 4979 it hes Deen subject to unremitting pressure - legal, ceonomic, and covert= ffaméthe US - sined et overthrowing the constitution, but has upheld it in three successive referends. The American mil- itery is seeking to catablish sir and naval beses ond = jungle training ground in Feleu. The US refuses to sgree to the compact (of free sssceiation with the US) unless its nuclear demands. are necepted. ! Archbishop Reeves said recopen its ports to American nuclesr-armed warships was the result of intense american pressure, and seid there wos growing dissatiafsction in Australia with thet government's nuclear policics". (Since archbishop Reeves made this speech, Ameries has repes— sessed the NZ from ANZUS; France hes shnounced it will hese 8 nuclear submarine 1n Now Celedonis, which it intends to turn into a major streteric air and nov2l installation; Tonga, Pepua New Guinea, end Vestern Samoa, have succumbed to Américen pressure on warship visits; and little old New Zealend hus announcea thet its Ready Resetion Force will nold its first exercise in esturn Samce, which doesn't have an army). Por our money, Reeves’ speech is the best on the subject in s very long time. Lange has been long on fine acunding prineipl Reeves brings it all home. Yetre sure it went down 5 treat among Reagan! putins, the cherlatan Eibletsshers who infest the ?hit House. And we can see why Reeves has becn kicked upstairs to shut him up- you con't heve erehbishops running round mouthing off about “clegs...priv-lege...covert American pressure” cle, now can you? think hls enalogy of 9 nuclesr sewer psrticularly apt. dapancse horror movies of the 50's(the ones recycled on Sunday night TV) were obsessed with the theme of etomie mutations that thrived in the somrs, The Pacific is in danger cf becoming s tomie mutiotion that thrives in its own sewor. Fortunately Zesland has opted to sail in the opposite direction, But ieevs performed the velusble scrvice g us that wo live ina glass bottomed beat, and 1f we simply lock at what's under our feet, them we have no reason to feel smug. free constitution in unmenyt ' Ats to be f men Sea do not repre- re-rattling, but ere vitel to the p for these wissi The MEX mi seht mind] of firat-strike, counterforce accura in a different direction the usual rir. The US needs to test-fire and over a longer range +, between California snd Kwa. liminate smol1 inee! and suchlike factors. in tho new ersenal The M-X is one of the most disturbing wespons of first-strike weapons being built by the US. the sctivities and facitities associated with the tests end suggests waya in which peece activists can rasa and disrupt thom. The > of ell will be tn send a peace fleet of small boats inte the Test zone. This report desert The tests are placed in a wider context. Campaigning against issile tests shculd aim at stopping sll US, Seviet, and Chin ng missile tests The M-x Missile The N-X missile is widely regarded os one of the most dangerous developments in the nuclesr arms race. The M-X will be a land- hesed intercontinentel pellistic missile( ICBM). Bach missile will have 10 warhceds (the Minuteman has only 5) and these rhesds will each be about 20 times as rful as the Hiroshime bomb. More importantly the # rporates © very advanced guidance ayatem which gives coursey necesssry fer pre- emptive destruction of Sovi iles in their hardened silos, he able to fly 13,000 km and ccme down within 130m its target. 11 be basea in silos which sre et first-strike, M-X is thus the verfeat candidate for a US first-strike - it has the accuracy and power t> destroy Soviet nucleer det.crent forces snd it is too vulnsrable to be held back for a second-strike US retaliatory attack. It is » missile for starting and fighting nuclear wars rer'then a retaliatory weapon for detorring nuclear wars Aleo significant is that M-Xx themselves vulnershle to 2 Si jon, but I-X wes remamed Pencekesper by the Ke somehow the name doesn't scem to have o: The Wi Tests --Be ‘The M-X tests in the Tasmen are not the re of an impulse tc frighten Actearoa with some nuclear sabre-rattling. In fect it a 7 revenlec st 1981 ply works cgsinst US interests that the tests have be have setually teen plenned since at le t militery reasons for having them. robs just now, Such tes ere Lmpor tests start at Vandenberg Air ree Bese in Celifcrnta finish in the legcon of the world's largest atoll, at Kwejalein, in the Marshell Islands. This vives.a flight path of shout 65.0 Ik while in 1 nuclear wa: 2 miasiles would have to fly over 1 the flights t hare in an east-west directions vile in real-life the ileus will g. in a north-seuth dirse ver the North Pole, It is suspected that the earth's rotation, th upper stmesphere and variations in grovitational force will sll hove a different effect on a north-s uth trajectory than in an csatewest one. This is the reason for wanting to test launch int the South Pacific - ts test cver longer uistance( about 14,060 nd ins aifferent direction. gown in The US has alresdy carricd out one such test, which cam the vicinity of Oeno Island, neer Pitcairn, This wee re successful test at the time, but the much more accurate M-X soile requires much w-re precise measurement of the whieh influcnee its scourscy, hence the test vert In 4984 the final report of an ed hoe committoe sct up to make a “Strategic Systems Test Support Study (SSTSS) concluded that it was necessary to carry cut tests cf both W-X and the Navy's Trident wissile in the Scuth Pacific. ‘The Trident tests wore first, props with target zones at Oeno Islond, at Astearca’s Chatham Islands, dat Vake Island, The eden zones Por MAX tests vere more sceret, and were 1d. ied only as BOA-1, ROa-2, end BOA-3, with BOA standing for Broad Ocean Aren, The secret report wes port islly relcased in 1984, and when publicised in Noveriher in Aotes caused 4 minor stir beesuse of the mention of the Ch + The Prime Minister, D: @ that the New Zealand Government hed net been ct his Government wopld net Rav eonsented te Yhet setually hap is that the US Navy was prevailed on to uac seme test rang. as the USAR wos setting up for some of its teste - a range terminating in the Marianc Islands. This :nove ne US $3. million. Tt turns cut thet this is nvt the only use of Actearos ecnsidersd. 4 eonfidentisl memorendum entitled "Doss Kwajalvin Missile . wuture?Y made available to PMA (Pesce Movement sotentos) tes thet studies hed been made of the possibility of shifting thc pjalein facilities to s new location, The memorandum, dz ted 1984, notes thet "The best site(locet nd name clessitivd slands speced far cn-ugh epart to p ncourete mensure f re-entry and impect by triangulation, involved precipitous ¢ islonds with rugged surfaces, posing very difficult nd structicn problems." oor quality photecpied map sceompanying this mumsrondum sppesr: how the Kermedec Islands ite". Certuinly the description w-ula fit the Ke Thi ver longer distances and sine tes the need + 18 in different directions from what possible at points out ti if the KNR (Kwajalein } nodela are inexact, then the billions apent on improving the hard target kill capsbities of USstrategic/offensive missile: have ed. Worse still... the United States, with smalicr warheads, ineffective against hardened targets béceuse of unmeasured innsceuracies ceused by unknown or impreciscly known natural forces", a, ile Kenge)-de endum carries on in what cne hopes is a flippent way menting that "The only way to resclve the uncertainties Neerning the exostness of trajectory end accuracy predictions the absurd cption of fighting « nuclesr war. The next best thing to test "on a north-scuth azimuth sna aiming at « target with eeodetic end atmospheric charateristics which differ from Kwajalein." Tt can now be recognised thet the test gone to be set tip in the Tast ais the one descrined ss BOA~3 in the SSTSS report. wuen cf the information abcut BOA-3 was censored cut of the report as releesed, but it was noted that the sirereft involved in the tests would be staging cut cf Sydney, and it was stated thet "The exact location of the BOA-3 impact area is not yet firm." By December 1983 three M-X tests had bven held, with at least another i? to go. Licutenant-Colonsl Dick Heilmchief, Public affairs Officer at Vendenberg was quoted ns saying "WE have to seek a loeetion that is somewhere further ai but he could not aay where. nan Sea Testi the present tests were sceretly arranged with the Government of Moleolm ¥raser sbout 3 years ago, and were sucretly sgreed to by the Hawke Government without Caucus or Cabinet being consulted, ‘tr Howke merely requested that the US hold the tests in international Weters rather than in australisn territoriel waters, to reduce the bility of Austrslign involvement. Permis wes given for sireraft to operate out of Sydney. ch of the two test miseies will probably carry ten dummy warher The main objective of the teeta is tc measure the aceursey of these werhesds (technically known as multiple independently targ.tonle Porentry vehicles, or MIRV)}. This is done by using hydrophone Facys anchored to the seebed which reecrd the splash as the warheads Bit the sea. Prom the timing cf the splash recordings the rplashdown on can be pinpointed to within 15 m. It has been reported in stralio that these bucys have alresdy been planted in the seean. e buoys will float at the surface, and cach 4 transmitter, by means of which the splash data will he transmitted to special P-3 Oricn aircreft cruising in the vicinity. il have small radio he missiles themselves and the dumay werheads will transmit data (telemetry") while ic flight. This will include information spout speed, 2eceleraticn, height, temper guidance systen perfar- monee, and so on. This dets 1s recorded by a fleet of 7 spucially instrumented Bocing 707's known sa advanced range instrumentation irereft(ARIA). Besides t. these circreft, i es some of the Oricns, carry va. of tracking sna photo~ phic equipment. The US siso has a couple of advenced range instrumentation ships( ARTA) 9 These are big ships top-heavy with rll kinds of fancy entennss for trecking and telemetry reception, Other smallor voasels will ibly be present for retrieving the warhceds sfter apleshicun. There will protebly bec ame. Slnee the test. jo stop the Sovict Union participating ss well. al big tracking ships for monttcring its own tests on American oncs. Since US missile technology is tar ch technology, the Sovict Uni bo free pide by observing wht the US and how successful it 1s. The Soviet Union will prob.> lourn a let sbout hon to mrke its missiles fly more accurately in 2 north-south direction hy coserving the tests in the Tasman Sen. Suography prevents the Soviet Union from testing in a north-south Sircetion - it cannot dc so without flying over the territory of ther nations, So the Tasman Sea tests will probably sdvance both sides of ths arms race. ore than just U8 ships cruising nerr Normally a missile test imvolvus vast emounts of dat: being relayen hatween warheads, sirercsft, ships, Landhesed@ fscities, and the United States. The eirercft snd ships ars fitted with sate ccrmuniestion antennae and mest cf the date will bs transmitted nek to the US in this manner. Fxtensive use is elec medo of ordinuny high frequency("short wove") redil, end it muy be taat the US will require sccess to short wave radic fecitics in Australie and evi eoroa. Kwojnlein Atoll has massive high frequency fecilitiss. According to the SéLT-2 treaty, neither the US nor the soviet Unien © wllowed to crerypt the telemetry transmisaions. The Russian spychips will he uble to eavesdrop on this data, all. puid for by the US taxpayer. Tho two currently scheduled tests are probebly not the lest tho Ub to have in this part of the world. It is quite likely the New went to teat its Tridont-2 in this direction too. Trident-2, follow-on te the Trident-1 alresdy deployed in the Pacigie covera Trident submarines, hes 2 tastly supericr ccuntur-forec cepahility. Together with ¥-X it will make = US first strike feosible. ow 20 DISRUPT THE THSTS : TAKING THE BUOYS AWAY FROM THY RoyS, The target zone, oftcrwise known as the instrumented targst ares ( will probably be shout 19) km diemeter. The US will heve to revool t advanee of the teats to allow publication na dissemination cf warning notices to mar: 3 and aviators to keop ut of the way of ti incoming missiles. Under internattcnal Law, th: Scan only request non-US citizens to Keep cut of the test area, ennnot order them te do ao, neving there = ample’ time see fleet 5 ft. to cecupy the vst gone and disrupt the tests. Tf we sre lucky the tests may coincide with the sc¢journ of the Grecnpeacs ship "Rainbow ¥ will bo much cosier to gets peace fleet dean to Tasmania thar © Wey geross to Mcrurca, khile a peace fleet at Moruros yebolig value (it is difficult A_undorg! 42 miles sffehore) 9 pe flect in the Teamen «) 20 stop the missile tests. All the boats have to do is stay there, which they have e perfect right to do. spender (DOT) buo; ¥ithin the t zone will be the deep oe “hile waiting for the tests to stert, or % fer the US te call off the tests, the perce fleet could kee seoupied by hunting for the DOT buoys. "Rainbow Warrisr" with its redar, could be e dig help here, If any buoys are found they could be dissbled by snapping off their whip antennae, and set adrift by cutting their anchor Lincs. Unfortunately they are probably too big to be brought home as trophies. Such activity would put the US in a yery difficult position. As long-time advocate of freedom of navigation on the high seas, the U3 would be quite emberassed st having to exercise exclusive juris- diction in international waters by attempting to forcibly eject "forcign nationals" (that's us) from the test zone. Et might be so embarassing for the .US thet Mr Rjelke Petersen fools eslled upen to offer Moreton Bay for future tusts. Mr Cray will try to get into the act by offering the Franklin Valley. A partial solution would be to ask Mr Hawke to remove his "foreign nationals". New Zealand "foreign nationals" could only he got rid of by giving thom honorary Paraguoyan citizenship, or by blowing them cut of the water with dropped mines. Sericusly however, the US will be reluctant to set a legal precedent which can be thrown hack at them in future Law of the Sea negotiations. Peace Fleet crew need have no moral qualms sbout undertaking the act: described above. The US refuses to allow its freedom of navigation to be impeded by 2 Pecific Nuclear- weapon- free Zone: Why skould we allow our freedom of navigation ta be impeded ty s US Nuclear-missile Test Zone? Cther Test snd Anti-test Protest activity. of facilities in Australie and New Zcaland which ly, by the US in the course of the testa. these facilities should make their cwn actions at or against these facilities. Thes publicise the use of the facilities, about, one shout There are a wide ran, mey he used, openly or cove. Feace activist groups ni investigations and p: actions mey be designed simply +) or, preferebly, to impede the use, Following sre some notes Gome of tho facilities, and suggestions for what could be them. a) AIRFIELDS: THERE WILL BE ALL SORTS OF AIRCRAFT SUPPORTING THY TESTS. UNDOUBTEDLY THERE WILL BE SEVERAL STARLIFTER LOADS OF E: BE AIRLIFTED INTO AUSTRALIA, POSSIBLY BY ay 3% THE Oj BASE IN CHRISTCHURCH. THERE MAY BE EVEN OUTSIZB EQUIPMENT THAT ¥ iB USE OF GALAXY TRANSPORTS, SIX CARIBOU TERMINAL AREA SUPPORT ATRORAPT(TASA) WILL SERVE AS RUNABOUTS DURING TESTS. ng to the soiss report up to 16 sireraft may be involved ir $ emselves. this will include the 7AaIA aircraft,flewn by the AG50tA Lest! GBR Shw'S uit Voma@iel the: ireraft will make their presence known in no uncertain way-the er-injection J-57 engine ‘produce considerable noise during takeoff,and pu c essure ie koin Olied through organisations such as the Internation Civil avistien rganisation(ivau)to restrict aircraft equivped with such engines (rr wany of the Civilian airports required for routing and staging to sunport test missions". at aroblem,plus the likelihood of physical interference wit’ 9 will probably ensure that they are based at dchmond RaaP ore nan at Sydney International airrort. Richmond serves plreacy 97 point for STENLIfisas flying from OPS twtiON vasP PIBbew to th : US bases is the Interior and west of australia. a snere will be up to 9 specially configuced F-3 Urions particina tie tests,2nd used in particular for monitoring Sny OT buoys left olested by .the peace fleet.a vigil should already be in olace at rfielde involve. inte an suptes mond.Protesta should be mounted at ahy other a. torts, whe adis snips will probatly need to put fuelling and p: in adaition the Us uueflag vessel of the type used for servicing oil rigs to imp) aeba. the wor vitime unions may be able to help in identif is ship.Peace squadron blockades and cther protests should attemt to + these shipe out of port,and attempt to keep them in once they! G.according to the 1976 official "Range Instrumentation kan 3 ube Omega navigation system is utilised during missile teste for me: oun ht ince in the unper atyosphere waich affect the accuracy of the re-enter'ne warheads. igh altitude ballonngs of the Omega navaid roundin, retranemit Umega signals to allow balloon motion to be determined activists could try to have the Omega station shut down for the the testo. Larecairing the tests a temporary very high accuracy radio navigy it oyetem called Lorac will probably be set up on the australian mainlan. will consist of 4 small transmitter installations,and is used for ac rote cositioning of the ships and aircraft so that they can accurately wecheads and accurately track the DOT buoys.Using simple redio (i finding equipment peace activists could tra down these stations vivile or other forms of protest. owuunicabicnssl] sorts of comnmications facilities may be ne rissiles are tested et Kwajalein a bic av/PS0-76 catellite antenn to relay all the date back to the Uh.th antenna is identical to eroject sparrow antenna at watsonia,nelbourne,and it is conceivable 1 jai antenna may +e use to relay date frou the Tasman sea tests. whe Wada satellite telemetry antenna at Urroral Valley near Uenh a conceivably ve used for monitoring the missile teets.1f higk cequency coaiumications are to be used extensively ths US hax £t wWiartt Doe OP Tid OeoP Pkaias UOnubWtGat lO PACTLEELAS EN AO THAN Ay lay acrenge to use australian military fac. ties such os Di dictocie om harmon in Canberra, usiearalagyaUbviously knowled in the stnosthere is vi during a missile tes angenents for acstralia to su” Icinds o fecibitie ‘Twisgile Seating in the Paci ti It should be noted that the US h in te since the 1950s,mostly on what the .5 calls the ee oh ssile Range. botween California and Kwajalein atoll. the nuclear ecus race is a lovical ams race,not a numbers, arms x ost of the technolozical ients that fuel the ams race,making counterforee weapons tuildshie first ike dpetrines feasible,a. developments in missile: develooments in the nuclear exrlosives they carry. dclear exnlosiv ready ahout ae perfect 2s they can be,but missiles are stil) un continual and dramatic improvenents,serticilari» in aceurac¥,reliahi and payload.ihus it follows that missile tests actually promote the © more then do nuclear teste.nost of america's strategic weapons tested in the Pacific,as well as meny.toviet ones and all Uhinese ones. ee Uo ig not the only nation to test migsiies into the south Pacilicst! > oowiet Union did so in 1975. 2 6f Weather conditions + all level there ere probstly soot etadled neteorolo; 4 If we could stop the Us testing in the Pacific we could cut off halt bum of race,or perhaps somewhat more than neif,it ade the ams race and the soviet U,ion follows, hssrice Union gets much of its informatian by ovying o¢ the f wld be i na ston their ein atoll + to demand taat the Soviet and U long ac tne US test “issiles finished uo tn Kua} the the world Was able to turn a blind eye.Ye¥ for all these yer . itants of Kwajalein have been confined to one small island of vhe27 eli under conditions close to tho f epartheid.whe rest of their is out of bounds and used by the US ce the tamzet arca and for vac cue vadors end similar equipment. ny protest against the tasman see teste should be directed uot mersly & chopring these teste but at stovning cllumissile teste znywhere in: i s Would not be vemiitted in e truly nuclear ? evelation that in 1961'the Peaters) site for UX missiles. Like delicious irony in th » Kermacacs to be the best testing and Great Barrier, the

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