EniTecnologie

EniTecnologie
PRODUCED WATER MANAGEMENT
PRODUCED WATER MANAGEMENT
PRODUCED WATER QUALITY &
PRODUCED WATER QUALITY &
CHARACTERISATION
CHARACTERISATION
Laura Biassoni
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCED WATER
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCED WATER
WATER
WATER
QUALITY CONTROL
QUALITY CONTROL
DISPERSED /
DISSOLVED
HYDROCARBONS
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
SUSPENDED
SOLIDS
DISSOLVED
TREATMENT
CHEMICALS
PRESENCE OF
RADIOACTIVE
MATERIALS
(NORM)
BACTERIA
CONTENT
DISSOLVED
TOXIC
HEAVY
METALS
D
I
S
S
O
L
V
E
D
G
A
S
E
S
(
O
2
,
C
O
2
,

H
2
S
)
27
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
FIELD MONITORING (1)
FIELD MONITORING (1)

Chemical
Chemical
/
/
biological
biological
analyses
analyses
of
of
field
field
waters
waters
Salinity
pH
Alkalinity
Water-cut
Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB)
Calcium
Magnesium
Chlorides
Sulphates
28
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
FIELD MONITORING (2)
FIELD MONITORING (2)

Oxygen
Oxygen
content
content
Colorimetric kits

Suspended solid
Suspended solid
evaluation
evaluation
The procedure includes size, mineralogical and
chemical composition of suspended solids.
Reference Procedure: NACE standard TM-01-73,
based on filtration tests

Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon
content
content (DIN 38409 standard
procedure)
29
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
COLLECTION OF FIELD & PLANT DATA
COLLECTION OF FIELD & PLANT DATA
Map of the wells (producers and injectors)
Salinity profile of the field
Petrophysical/petrographic characteristic of the formation
Chemical analyses of formation, injected and produced
waters
Significant PVT study
Current temperature and pressure of reservoir and surface
plant
Scheme of the current water treatment plant
Type & procedure of the current chemical treatments
30
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
SCOPE OF THE LABORATORY STUDY
SCOPE OF THE LABORATORY STUDY
TO EVALUATE THE PRODUCED WATER QUALITY IN
ORDER TO DEFINE THE MOST SUITABLE STRATEGY OF
WATER RE-USE.
TO OPTIMISE THE WATER TREATMENT WITH THE
MOST APPROPRIATE CHEMICALS
TO SELECT THE MOST ECONOMICAL RE-INJECTION /
DISPOSAL PROCESS WITHOUT DAMAGING THE
FORMATION (WATER INCOMPATIBILITY,
HYDROCARBON CONTENT, SUSPENDED SOLIDS, etc.)
31
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
CHEMICAL & ISOTOPIC WATER ANALYSES
CHEMICAL & ISOTOPIC WATER ANALYSES
pH Salinity
Relative density Total Alkalinity
Residue at 110, 180 and 600 C Chloride
Sodium Sulphate
Potassium Carbonate
Lithium Bicarbonate
Calcium Hydroxide
Magnesium Fluoride
Barium Bromide
strontium Formate
Iron Acetate
Manganese Propionate
Ammonia Butyrate
Silica Borate
Hydrogen/Deuterium Oxygen 16/18()
() to discriminate between formation and injection waters
32
FORMATION
DAMAGE
CORROSION

MIC
SOURING
BIOFOULING
TOXICITY

SCALE
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
DAMAGE DUE TO SUSPENDED HYDROCARBONS
DAMAGE DUE TO SUSPENDED HYDROCARBONS
Continuous
Continuous
injection
injection
of
of
suspended
suspended
hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons
into
into
the
the
formation
formation
gradually
gradually
increases
increases
the
the
radius
radius
of the zone of
of the zone of
affected permeability and may dramatically reduce
affected permeability and may dramatically reduce
injectivity
injectivity
.
.
If
If
the
the
hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons
contained
contained
in the
in the
injected
injected
water are
water are
grease
grease
,
,
and
and
heavier
heavier
lubricating
lubricating
oils
oils
from
from
pumps
pumps
or
or
other
other
surface
surface
equipment
equipment
,
,
wax
wax
or/
or/
oxidized
oxidized
crude,
crude,
they
they
exhibit
exhibit
high
high
viscosity
viscosity
,
,
limited
limited
solubility
solubility
with
with
in
in
situ
situ
oil and generate a
oil and generate a
reducing
reducing
effect
effect
on
on
permeability
permeability
.
.
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
DAMAGE DUE TO SUSPENDED SOLIDS
DAMAGE DUE TO SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Suspended
Suspended
solids
solids
are
are
usually
usually
defined
defined
as
as
the non
the non
-
-
water, non
water, non
dissolved
dissolved
substances
substances
that
that
exist
exist
in the water.
in the water.
These
These
may
may
typically
typically
include
include
materials
materials
such
such
as
as
iron
iron
sulfides
sulfides
and
and
oxides
oxides
,
,
precipitated
precipitated
carbonates
carbonates
and
and
sulfates
sulfates
,
,
sand
sand
and
and
silt
silt
,
,
oils
oils
,
,
paraffins
paraffins
and
and
asphaltenes
asphaltenes
, and
, and
materials
materials
of
of
biological
biological
origin
origin
.
.
The
The
suspended
suspended
solids
solids
may
may
also
also
be
be
considered
considered
as
as
the
the
materials in the water that may cause plugging and
materials in the water that may cause plugging and
loss
loss
of
of
injectivity
injectivity
in
in
injection
injection
wells
wells
.
.
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
DAMAGE DUE TO INJECTION OF SOLIDS
DAMAGE DUE TO INJECTION OF SOLIDS
PARTICLES PARTICLES
LARGER THAN LARGER THAN
33% 33% OF THE OF THE
PORE PORE
DIAMETER DIAMETER
EXTERNAL
EXTERNAL
FILTER CAKE
FILTER CAKE
PARTICLES PARTICLES
BETWEEN BETWEEN
14 TO 33% 14 TO 33%
OF THE PORE OF THE PORE
DIAMETER DIAMETER
PARTICLES PARTICLES
SMALLER THAN SMALLER THAN
14% 14% OF THE OF THE
PORE THROAT PORE THROAT
APERTURE APERTURE
DEEPER INVASION DEEPER INVASION
INTO THE INTO THE
FORMATION AND FORMATION AND
INTERNAL INTERNAL
FILTER CAKE FILTER CAKE
PASS THROUGH THE PASS THROUGH THE
PORES WITHOUT PORES WITHOUT
BLOCKAGE BLOCKAGE
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
WATER
WATER
-
-
ROCK COMPATIBILITY
ROCK COMPATIBILITY
Formation damage evaluation (field
approach).
The scope is the determination of the
filtration size required to avoid formation
damage problems. Produced water is
filtered through various mesh sizes and
injected through core samples of the
interval.
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
SAMPLING
CORE
FLOODING
CORE
CORE
FLOODING
FLOODING
FILTRATION
TEST
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
TEST
TEST
The test apparatus consists of the membrane
filter holder, sample receiver, sample connections
and fittings, and pressure regulation devices.
As an alternative when the test cannot be run
on line, a sample reservoir may be used
TEST SEQUENCE OF CORE
TEST SEQUENCE OF CORE
FLOODING TEST
FLOODING TEST
The test permits the evaluation of permeability
reduction due to the presence in water of
suspended hydrocarbons & solids
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
SAMPLE POINTS
SAMPLE POINTS
Special care must be taken to ensure that a
representative sample of the water is obtained.
Samples must be taken at points that will not
contain matter fromstagnant areas, large
amount of macro-solids such as debris nad
matter not representative of produced water,
and at points which are disproportionately
conducive to collecting oil or solids
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
BELAYIM (MARINE) FIELD
BELAYIM (MARINE) FIELD
WATER SAMPLING
WATER SAMPLING
OUTLET SKIMMER BEFORE OUTLET SKIMMER BEFORE
FLOTATION UNIT FLOTATION UNIT
FLOTATION UNIT FLOTATION UNIT
SAMPLING
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER

BELAYIM (LAND) FIELD

BELAYIM (LAND) FIELD
WATER SAMPLING
WATER SAMPLING
INLET FLOTATION UNIT INLET FLOTATION UNIT
OUTLET FLOTATION OUTLET FLOTATION
UNIT UNIT
SAMPLING
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
UNFILTERED WATER TAKEN UNFILTERED WATER TAKEN
BEFORE THE FLOTATION UNIT BEFORE THE FLOTATION UNIT
BELAYIM (LAND) FIELD
BELAYIM (LAND) FIELD
WATER SAMPLING
WATER SAMPLING
OIL
WATER WITH
WATER WITH
SUSPENDED SOLID
SUSPENDED SOLID
PRODUCED WATER
PRODUCED WATER
Effect
Effect
of
of
Suspended
Suspended
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
before injection
after
injection
inlet
before injection
after
injection