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http://cordis.europa.eu.int/nanotechnology
The present publication is based on the information that was available at the time
and cannot be guaranteed to be complete or accurate.
The views expressed in this document are entirely those of the Authors
and do not engage or commit the European Commission in any way.
2
Introduction
With its two Communications on nanotechnology, a Strategy and an Action Plan, the
European Commission has presented the vision and a set of actions for the useful,
safe, responsible and profitable development and application of nanosciences and
nanotechnologies in Europe. The Council of the European Union has endorsed the
integrated and responsible strategy proposed by the Commission.
In our day-to-day work, we have collected and we are steadily continuing to collect
data on the many indicators associated with nanotechnology research, technological
development and their applications. Many stakeholders have repeatedly asked us to
share some of these data; hence the publication of theses pages, as a service to all
those interested.
Europe is one of the leading actors in nanosciences and nanotechnologies both in
research as well as in technological development, thanks to the creativity of European
researchers, the initiatives of industry, academia and research organisations, to the
quality of the infrastructures and the commitment of public authorities.
Nevertheless, some worrying signals emerge, which call for appropriate initiatives, as
the European Commission pointed out in its Action Plan. For instance, Figure 10
documents the apparently low level of private funding for research on
nanotechnology, which is more broadly addressed by the European Commission with
its 3% initiative.
Moreover, Figures 22 and 23 present some possible scenarios for funding under the
EU 7th framework programme for research and technological development. These
simulated scenarios suggest concentrating future available resources to maximise
efficiency and effectiveness.
The present figures are based on the information to which we had access; they should
not be deemed to be complete and in no way do they engage the European
Commission. I thank my colleague Dr. Raymond Monk for the energy and attention
that he put in this compilation.
We hope that you find this to be a useful initiative and would welcome all comments
and suggestions on the figures presented, so to be able to realise a more
comprehensive documents in the future.
More information is available -amongst others- on:
http://cordis.europa.eu.int/nanotechnology, http://cordis.europa.eu.int/en/home.html
and www.nanoforum.org.
Renzo Tomellini
Head of the Unit
Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
renzo.tomellini@cec.eu.int
3
4
A) Funding for nanotechnology R&D in Europe and worldwide
Table 1: Estimated worldwide public funding for nanotechnology R&D in 2004
Country Funding (€) Country Funding (€)
European Union Third Countries
Austria 13,1i Argentina 0.4ii
Belgium 60,0*iii Australia 62iv
Czech Republic 0,4v Brazil 5.8vi
Denmark 8,6vii Canada 37.9viii
Finland 14,5ix China 83.3x
France 223,9xi India 3.8xii
Germany 293,1xiii Indonesia 16.7xiv
Greece 1,2*xv Japan 750xvi
Ireland 33,0xvii Malaysia 3.8xviii
Italy 60,0*xix Mexico 10xx
Latvia 0,2*xxi New Zealand 9.2xxii
Lithuania 1,0xxiii Singapore 8.4xxiv
Luxembourg 0,8xxv South Africa 1.9xxvi
Netherlands 42,3xxvii South Korea 173.3xxviii
Poland 1,0*xxix Taiwan 75.9xxx
Portugal 0,5*xxxi Thailand 4.2xxxii
Slovenia 0,5*xxxiii USA (Federal) 910xxxiv
Spain 12,5xxxv USA (States) 333.3xxxvi
Sweden 15,0xxxvii Third Countries Total 2,490
United Kingdom 133,0xxxviii
EU-25 Total 915
EC 370
5
Figure 1: Absolute worldwide public expenditure in 2004
(Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) corrected)
6
Figure 3: Absolute European public expenditure in 2004 (PPP corrected)
7
Figure 5: Absolute world public expenditure in 2004 (PPP corrected)
Public Funding (million Euro)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Ireland 9,6
Israel 9,0
Australia 7,0
Taiwan 6,9
Belgium 6,5
South Korea 5,4
Japan 4,9
United 4,3
France 4,1
Germany 3,9
New Zealand 3,2
Netherlands 2,8
Finland 2,8
United 2,2
Singapore 2,1
Switzerland 2,0
Luxembourg 1,8
Austria 1,8
Sweden 1,5
Denmark 1,5
Canada 1,4
Norway 1,3
Italy 1,3
Lithuania 0,7
Romania 0,4
Slovenia 0,4
Spain 0,4
Malaysia 0,4
China 0,3
Indonesia 0,3
Thailand 0,2
Greece 0,2
Latvia 0,2
South Africa 0,2
Mexico 0,1
Czech 0,1
Brazil 0,1
Portugal 0,1
Poland 0,1
Argentina 0,0
India 0,0
8
Figure 7: EU absolute public expenditure in 2004
(PPP corrected and including Countries associated to the EU Framework Programme)
Public Funding (EUR)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Germany 320,3
France 246,7
United Kingdom 130,1
Italy 74,6
Belgium 67,4
Israel 55,1
Netherlands 46,1
Ireland 37,7
Spain 16,2
Finland 14,7
Switzerland 14,6
Austria 14,5
Sweden 13,9
New Zealand 12,6
Romania 9,8
Denmark 7,9
Norway 6,1
Lithuania 2,5
Poland 2,1
Greece 1,8
Argentina 1,2
Czech Republic 0,9
Luxembourg 0,8
Slovenia 0,8
Portugal 0,8
Latvia 0,4
Ireland 9,6
Israel 9,0
Belgium 6,5
France 4,1
Germany 3,9
Netherlands 2,8
Finland 2,8
United Kingdom 2,2
Switzerland 2,0
Luxembourg 1,8
Austria 1,8
Sweden 1,5
Denmark 1,5
Norway 1,3
Italy 1,3
Lithuania 0,7
Romania 0,4
Slovenia 0,4
Spain 0,4
Greece 0,2
Latvia 0,2
Czech Republic 0,1
Portugal 0,1
Poland 0,1
9
Figure 9: Evolution of worldwide public expenditure
(1€=1$ to avoid distortions due to exchange rate variations)
5000
4500
4000
Public R&D Investment (1€ = 1$)
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500 Others
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Figure 10: Worldwide public and private expenditure in 2004 (private figures taken
from average of Lux Researchxliii and Technology Reviewxliv, US States figures taken
from Lux Researchxlv)
3.000
Private
R&D Investment (million €)
2.000 1700
Private
580 Private
1540
States
Member 333
1.000
States +
Associated Private
990 370
Federal
910 Public
750 Public
EC 500
370
0
Europe US Japan Others
10
Figure 11: Division of worldwide public expenditure in 2004
Others
14% Europe
Japan 35%
19%
US
32%
Others Europe
9% 14%
Japan
37% US
40%
Others Europe
11% 24%
Japan
28%
US
37%
11
B) Evolution of funding for nanotechnology
in the EU Framework Programmes
450
FP4
FP5
400
FP6
350
Public Funding (million €)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
FP4
600 FP5
Public Funding (million €)
FP6
500
400
300
200
100
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
12
Figure 16: Integrated FP funding devoted to nanotechnology R&D
(2005 data are a to-date estimate and subject to change)
1.800
1.400
Public Funding (million €)
1.200
1.000
800
600
400
200
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
90%
80%
70%
Health / Environment
60% Research Training
Nanotools
50% Nanoelectronics
Nanobio / Nanomedicine
40% Nanomaterials
Frontier Research
30%
20%
10%
0%
FP4 FP5 FP6
13
Figure 18: The FP6 support to nanotechnology R&D in 2004 (in millions of Euro)
SMEs, 0.91
ERA-NET, 3.20
NEST, 5.06
Marie Curie, 50.73
NMP, 211.61
IST, 99.57
Figure 19: To-date FP6 support to nanotechnology R&D in 2005 (in millions of Euro)
ERA-NET, 2.20
Infrastructure, 16.46
Science SMEs, 8.14
and Society, 1.09
NEST, 8.15
Marie Curie, 39.73
NMP, 209.01
IST, 175.11
14
Figure 20: Some examples of projects funded via the FP6
Projects in EU Framework
Programmes for RTD
z NANOSAFE
z NANODERM
z NANOPATHOLOGY ~2.5M€
z MAAPHRI
z NANOFORUM
z NANOTOX
z IMPART >8M€
+ 12 M€?
z NANOSAFE2
z 6 new projects to be negotiated
+ NANOCARE funded by the F.R.Germany
15
C) Examples of funding projections
Figure 22: Projection of absolute EU public expenditure compared to the USA and
Japan under different possible FP7 scenarios of funding
Absolute Public Funding Projection
3500
EU (No FP7)
3000
EU (FP7 = FP6)
EU (FP7 = 2x FP6)
EU (FP7 = 3x FP6)
2500
EU (FP7 = 4x FP6)
USA
R&D Funding (€)
Japan
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Figure 23: Projection of per capita EU public expenditure compared to the USA and
Japan under different possible FP7 scenarios of funding
Per Capita Public Funding Projection
10
9
EU (No FP7)
EU (FP7 = FP6)
8
EU (FP7 = 2x FP6)
EU (FP7 = 3x FP6)
Per Capita R&D Funding (€)
7
EU (FP7 = 4x FP6)
USA
6
Japan
0
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
16
APPENDIX: Data reported in absolute figures
not considering the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Figure A1: Absolute worldwide public expenditure in 2004
InvestEur2004 by Country/Region
1,300 20 0.3
17
Figure A2: Absolute European public expenditure in 2004
InvestEur2004 by Country/Region
1,300 11 0.1
Capita2004Euro by Country/Region
9 5 0
18
Figure A4: Absolute world public expenditure in 2004
Ireland 8,4
Israel 7,5
Japan 5,9
Belgium 5,8
Australia 5,3
United 4,3
France 3,7
South Korea 3,6
Germany 3,6
Taiwan 3,4
EU-25 3,0
Finland 2,8
Netherlands 2,6
Switzerland 2,5
New Zealand 2,3
United 2,2
Luxembourg 1,8
Singapore 1,8
Sweden 1,7
Austria 1,6
Denmark 1,6
Norway 1,5
Canada 1,2
Italy 1,0
Spain 0,3
Lithuania 0,3
Slovenia 0,3
Malaysia 0,2
Romania 0,1
Greece 0,1
Mexico 0,1
Latvia 0,1
Indonesia 0,1
Thailand 0,1
China 0,1
Portugal 0,0
South Africa 0,0
Czech 0,0
Brazil 0,0
Poland 0,0
Argentina 0,0
India 0,0
19
Figure A6: EU absolute public expenditure in 2004
EC 373
Germany 293,1
France 223,9
United Kingdom 133
Italy 60
Belgium 60
Israel 46
Netherlands 42,35
Ireland 33
Switzerland 18,48
Sweden 15
Finland 14,5
Austria 13,1
Spain 12,5
Denmark 8,6
Norway 7
Romania 3,1
Greece 1,219
Lithuania 1
Poland 1
Luxembourg 0,84
Portugal 0,5
Slovenia 0,5
Czech Republic 0,415
Latvia 0,17
Ireland 8,4
Israel 7,5
Belgium 5,8
France 3,7
Germany 3,6
EU-25 3,0
Finland 2,8
Netherlands 2,6
Switzerland 2,5
United Kingdom 2,2
Luxembourg 1,8
Sweden 1,7
Austria 1,6
Denmark 1,6
Norway 1,5
Italy 1,0
Spain 0,3
Lithuania 0,3
Slovenia 0,3
Romania 0,1
Greece 0,1
Latvia 0,1
Portugal 0,0
Czech Republic 0,0
Poland 0,0
20
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ii
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iii
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v
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21
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xviii
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xxviii
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22
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xxxviii
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xxxix
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xl
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xlii
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http://cordis.europa.eu.int/nanotechnology
23