ENTOMOLOGI

TRI WULANDARI
ENTOMOLOGI
Mosquitoes and health

Vector viruses and parasites.
Female mosquitoes suck blood (from people/
animals) breeding habits.
The infected blood is injected through, or on
the "dirty" proboscis into the uninfected
person's blood.
When a mosquito bites injects saliva and
anti-coagulants contain viruses or parasites.
The disease cycle can be interrupted by killing
the mosquitoes, isolating infected people,
vaccination.
ENTOMOLOGI
The diseases that transmitted by
mosquito

Anopheles malaria parasite
Most species of mosquito filariasis worm
Aedes aegypti The viral diseases yellow fever and dengue
fever

Other viral diseases like epidemic polyarthritis, Rift Valley
fever, Ross River Fever, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile
virus(WNV), Japanese encephalitis, LaCross encephalitis
and encephalitis
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and Western equine
encephalitis (WEE) humans, horses, and some bird
species.

In Indonesia, mosquito transmit three main disease : malaria,
DHF and filariasis.
ENTOMOLOGI
External morphology of
mosquito
ENTOMOLOGI
The Function of Parts of The Body
The head for acquiring sensory
information and for feeding.
The thorax for locomotion. Three pairs
of legs and a pair of wings are attached to
the thorax.
The abdomen for food digestion and
egg development.

ENTOMOLOGI
Life cycle of mosquito
Mosquitoes are
holometabolous insects
egg, larvae, pupae
(aquatic) and adult
stage (free flying).
First larva four larval
instars (4 days)
pupating (3 days)
adult.
Adult females live
several weeks if given
a source of sugar.
Males usually live less
than a week.
DEWASA
PUPA
ENTOMOLOGI
Identifying Features Appearance
(Morphology)

ENTOMOLOGI
Natural Behaviors
Food
Larvae eat many things.
Both male and female adults feed on nectar.
Females also feed on blood which is needed to produce eggs.
Males do not feed on blood.

Habitat
Larvae and pupae live in water, usually still water.
Adults hide in vegetation near water or in cool, damp places. Many
species fly in search of blood meals in the evening or day.

Predators
Many fish and predatory aquatic insects eat larvae and pupae. Bats,
birds and spiders eat flying adults.

Interesting Behaviors
Breeding place, Mating, Spreading, Biting behavior, Gonotrophic
cycle, Resting behavior
ENTOMOLOGI
Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
ENTOMOLOGI
Breeding places of Aedes

ENTOMOLOGI
DHF
ENTOMOLOGI
Facts about dengue and DHF

Dengue and DHF are now endemic in more than 100 tropical and
subtropical countries/areas of the Americas, the Eastern
Mediterranean, South-East Asia, the Western Pacific and Africa.

Dengue often spreads rapidly, affecting a great number of people
during epidemics. In the most severely affected countries/areas
children are the most vulnerable group.

Dengue is an environmental issue. Population growth, particularly in
urban areas, and inadequate water and sanitation services have
produced conditions favorable for mosquitoes to breed and viruses
to spread.

There is no specific treatment for dengue and DHF, no vaccin, so
the best method to reduce the disease is through mosquito control
program.
ENTOMOLOGI
Anopheles
Eggs

Adult females lay 50-200 eggs
per oviposition.
Eggs are laid singly directly on
water and are unique in having
floats on either side.
Eggs are not resistant to drying
and hatch within 2-3 days,
although hatching may take up
to 2-3 weeks in colder
climates.
ENTOMOLOGI
Larvae
Lack of respiratory siphon
parallel to the surface of the water.
Breathe through spiracles (8
abdominal segments) come to
the surface frequently.
The larvae spend most of their time
for feeding
They dive below the surface only
when disturbed.
Larvae develop through 4 stages.
ENTOMOLOGI
Pupa

The pupa is comma shaped when
viewed from the side.
Come to the surface frequently to
breathe through a pair of respiratory
trumpets on the cephalothorax.
After a few days adult mosquito
emerges from the dorsal surface of the
cephalothorax
Mosquitoes can develop from egg to
adult in as little as 5 days but usually
take 10-14 days
ENTOMOLOGI
Adults

Characteristic:
palps,
black and white
scales on the wings,
and
typical resting
position.
ENTOMOLOGI
Life cycle of malaria
ENTOMOLOGI
Breeding places of Anopheles
ENTOMOLOGI
Culex quinquefasciatus
Culex is a genus of
mosquito, and several
species act as vectors of
important diseases, such
as West Nile virus,
filariasis, Japanese
encephalitis, St. Louis
encephalitis and avian
malaria.
ENTOMOLOGI
Life Cycle

The developmental cycle takes 2
weeks and is by complete
metamorphosis.

Eggs are laid in batches, and hatch
in the presence of dirty water.

In the larval stage lives in water and
feeds on organic matter and plants,
then develops into a pupa.

The pupa is comma shaped. It does
not feed and becomes an adult after
one or two days.

ENTOMOLOGI
The adult mosquito

measure from 4-10 mm
possesses wings act as a
very important factor in its
disease spreading abilities.
Feed on blood every 2 to 5
days (gonotrophics cycle).
Mosquitoes that transmit
filariasis feed at night.
The adult mosquito must live
for 10 days or more to be able
to transmit the worms that
cause filariasis.
ENTOMOLOGI
Breeding places of
Culex and Anopheles

ENTOMOLOGI
Life cycle of filariasis

ENTOMOLOGI
Reference
Service M.W., 1996. Medical Entomology
for Students, 1
st
ed., Chapman & Hall.
London.
Soedarto, 1995. Entomologi Kedokteran.
EGC, Jakarta.