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http://childabusewiki.org/index.php?title=Dissociative_Identity_Disorder
The average time period from DID’s first presentation of symptoms to its diagnosis
is six to seven years. DID may become less manifest as patients reach past their
late 40’s, but it can reemerge during stress, trauma or substance abuse. It is
suggested in several studies that DID is more likely to occur with first-degree
biological relatives of people that already have DID, than in the regular
population.[1]
Contents
* 1 Symptomatology
* 2 Causes
* 3 DSM inclusion
* 4 History
* 5 Physiological Evidence
* 6 References
* 7 Bibliography
* 8 External links
Symptomatology
Patients may experience an extremely broad array of other symptoms that resemble
epilepsy, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, post traumatic stress
disorder, personality disorders, and eating disorders.[2]
Causes
The causes of dissociative identity disorder are theoretically linked with the
interaction of overwhelming stress, traumatic antecedents,[3] insufficient
childhood nurturing, and an innate ability to dissociate memories or experiences
from consciousness.[2] Prolonged child abuse is frequently a factor, with a very
high percentage of patients reporting documented abuse[4] often confirmed by
objective evidence.[1] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
states that patients with DID often report having a history of severe physical and
sexual abuse. The reports of patients suffering from DID are "often confirmed by
objective evidence," and the DSM notes that the abusers in those situations may be
inclined to "deny or distort” these acts.[1] Research has consistently shown that
DID is characterized by reports of extensive childhood trauma, usually child
abuse.[5][6][7] Dissociation is recognized as a symptomatic presentation in
response to psychological trauma, extreme emotional stress, and in association
with emotional dysregulation and borderline personality disorder.[8] A study of 12
murderers established the connection between early severe abuse and DID[9].
DSM inclusion
DID meets all of the guidelines for inclusion in the DSM and is supported by
taxometric research.[10] Research has established DID as a valid diagnosis.[10] In
one study, DID was found to be a genuine disorder with a constant set of core
features.[11]
History
The 19th century saw a number of reported cases of multiple personalities which
Rieber estimated would be close to 100.[12]
By the late 19th century there was a general realization that emotionally
traumatic experiences could cause long-term disorders which may manifest with a
variety of symptoms.[13] Between 1880 and 1920, many great international medical
conferences devoted a lot of time to sessions on dissociation.[14]
Starting in about 1927, there was a large increase in the number of reported cases
of schizophrenia, which was matched by an equally large decrease in the number of
multiple personality reports.[14] Bleuler also included multiple personality in
his category of schizophrenia. It was found in the 1980s that MPD patients are
often misdiagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia.[14] Multiple personality
disorder began to emerge as a separate disorder in the 1970s when an initially
small number of clinicians worked to re-establish MPD as a legitimate diagnosis.
[14]
Physiological Evidence
Bibliography
External links
* International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation
http://www.isst-d.org/
* United States of Tara - Learn More About D.I.D. - Showtime supports the
awareness for Dissociative Identity Disorder
http://www.sho.com/site/video/brightcove/series/title.do?
bcpid=1847322218&bclid=5253538001&bctid=6803420001