Bul No.05 - Dec 2009

National Democratic Front Online Bulletin
Exstiblished - May 10, 1976
N.D.F trSwpf Of 05/ 'DZifbmv 2009
Liberty Equality Social Progress
We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

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4? ,ltifeftdk'DpD. tpD&ifcHpmtay: autdkiftdku jiif;qdk
BVB owif;Xme?
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5? 'DaubDat wyfom;wOD;vufeuf 3 vufESifhtwl autJef,lxHyl;aygif;

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No.05 / December 2009 ○ ○ ○ 7

7? 0 wyf z J G @ A[k d . ta&;ay: tpnf ; ta0; xk@d tjyif Ek0d ifbm (1) &ufae@u xkwjf yefxm;onfh
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'DZifbmv 11 &uf/ 2009 ckEpS ?f

BVB owif;Xme?
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aqmiff;yg;
No united army for us, rebels vow
Large-scale fighting beckons as ceasefire groups defy a Rangoon order to give up their military wings
Published: 13/12/2009 at 12:00 AM
Newspaper section: Spectrum
The Burmese junta has set an end-of-year deadline for 12 ceasefire armies to come under the control of a
new military body, but at the moment there is mainly defiance and real fears of a conflict with the biggest military
group - the United Wa State Army (UWSA).
Khuensai Jaiyen
As the deadline draws closer, Spectrum spoke to key figures in
the negotiations to form the new Border Guard Force (BGF) and
militia and learned that six ceasefire groups are in favour of joining,
and six are opposed to it.
The New Democratic Army-Kachin (NDA-K), the Kayan

National Guard (KNG), the Karenni Nationalities People Liberation
Front (KNPLF), the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA), the
Kachin Defence Army (KDA) and the Pa-O National Army (PNA)
support the idea. The Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO), the
Kayan New Land Party (KNLP), the New Mon State Party (NMSP),
the United Wa State Army (UWSA), Shan State Army-North (SSA-
N) and National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA) oppose it.
Burma experts expressed concern that if Burma’s ruling State
Peace and Development Council (SPDC) cannot get the Wa Army to
comply soon, there is a real chance of armed conflict in the northern and southern Wa areas bordering
China and Thailand. If this happens, other ceasefire groups, like the KIO, NDAA or NMSP, might
join the conflict.
Colonel Lum Dau,

Anti-government groups like the Shan State Army-South,
which have not signed a ceasefire, might also get involved. Any
armed conflict involving the UWSA, which is the second largest
army after the Burmese military, would have far-reaching security
consequences for the whole Southeast Asian region, especially
China and Thailand.
The UWSA has 28,000 soldiers, and can also count on the
support of 8,000 security personnel including police, security
guards and their own militia.
“Among other problems, it would cause an influx of
refugees and an increase in drug smuggling, which would affect the

relationship between Burma and Thailand,” said Khuensai Jaiyen, editor-in-chief of the Shan Herald
Agency for News.
An example of what might come is illustrated in the attack by SPDC forces on the Kokang
group, the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA),
last August. The group refused to join the BGF, likening it to
surrender.
Khwe Htoo
During the fighting, nearly 40,000 people fled to neighbouring
China. In response, the Chinese Foreign Ministry urged the Burmese
government to handle its internal affairs properly, while it worked
behind the scenes to help solve the problem. Stability along the
border is China’s main priority.
In the end, the SPDC achieved its objective as the MNDAA, which
struck a ceasefire agreement with the Burmese government in 1989,
is no more. Most of their estimated 2,500 fighters fled to China
and a small group joined the BGF on Dec 4.

“The BGF idea was first floated in April. The order was officially delivered on April 27 to the
ceasefire groups in Tangyan, south of Lashio, the Shan State North capital, beginning with the UWSA.
“According to the order, the reorganisation should have been finished by October - six months
after it was announced,” Mr Khuensai said.
“The main objective of the order is that there must be only one army in the whole of Burma.
Most of the ceasefire groups didn’t like it.”
Sai Wansai
When asked how he thinks it will end, he replied: “To leave
it to the junta and CFGs [ceasefire groups] to sort out among
themselves, is certainly a return to country-wide civil war. Right
now, China is trying to restrain both sides, telling each to back off a
few steps. If Asean, the EU [European Union] and the international
community support China, we may end up with happier results.”
Mr Khuensai says the Burmese army has been readying
reinforcements and arms in preparation for fighting with the
ceasefire groups. “The meaning is clear: Just submit to our wishes
or face the consequences.”
Ai Meung, a businessman closely connected to the UWSA
leadership, says the UWSA and the SPDC forces are on high alert
in expectation of a military showdown. The Burmese army has been
reinforcing troops, and building bunkers and trenches along Wa
areas, he says. The UWSA units on both the Chinese and Thai borders
have also been making preparations and deploying troops and weapons.
“Our soldiers have been moving family members who live along the Thai-Burma border to
safer areas; officials have been giving weapons to civilians who are willing to fight. What happened
to the MNDAA could be repeated with the UWSA and with its estimated 36,000-strong combined

security forces, the fight could be much bigger and bloodier. The Burmese would have to fight the
UWSA both in the north and south of Shan State.”
Maj-Gen Saw La Bwe

Ai Meung said that the UWSA’s 171th Military Region, comprising
five brigades stretching from Mongton to Tachilek townships
opposite Thailand’s Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai
provinces, is on full combat alert and ready to fight the SPDC.
‘’The SPDC tried to separate the 171th military region from
the UWSA headquarters in Pang Sang located on the Chinese border,
but until today orders from Pang Sang are still respected.
‘’Hopefully, some compromise can be found before the SPDC’s
deadline passes on Dec 31. It’s already been extended several times.
Any hostility could lead to a mass exodus of people across the border
to China and Thailand.’’
Ai Meung said that the UWSA’s policy remained unchanged and

they would not join the BGF.
‘’The UWSA held its Central Committee meeting in Pang Sang from Nov 26 to 28 and
adopted policy of ‘defending peace with arms’.
‘’The UWSA commanders were ordered to tell their soldiers to be united, defend their areas
and to be prepared for war.
Mai Aik Phone

‘’In late April, several Burmese generals, including Lt-Gen Ye Myint, chief of the Military
Affairs Security of the Defence Forces and secretary of the BGF
Transformation Committee, travelled to Shan and Kachin states to
meet leaders of the Kachin, Kokang, Shan and Wa ethnic armed
groups based along the China-Burmese border.
‘’Then, in June, Ye Myint visited controlled areas of the
UWSA, the MNDAA and the NDAA to persuade them of the Border
Guard Force plan. The result was an attack on the MNDAA that
effectively destroyed the group.’’
Ai Meung said the BGF plan gives tighter control of ethnic
armed groups to the Burmese military by putting all ethnic armies
under the command of the commander-in-chief, Sen Gen Than
Shwe, head of the SPDC.
‘’Most ceasefire groups oppose the order, preferring to
maintain their current military status,’’ he said, adding: ‘’There’s
also a possibility that other armed groups, whether ceasefire or
rebels, could get sucked into the conflict.’’
He also claimed that the UWSA and other groups had increased drug smuggling to China,
Laos, Thailand and other countries in recent months to finance the purchase of weapons, ammunition,
medical supplies, communications equipment and food.

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance! National Democratic Front Online Bulletin
READY TO FIGHT: United Wa State Army military go on parade to mark the 20th anniversary of
what the Wa, renowned for their fearsome fighting skills, call peaceful construction of the state.
A Thai drugs officer, who requested anonymity, said drug smuggling into Thailand, especially
ya ba (methaphetamines), has increased recently.
‘’We have made some large seizures of this drug, but the ratio of the drugs seized to those getting
through is still about 10 to one.’’
Gary Lewis, a representative of the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime, said in Bangkok
on Nov 26 that Burma’s rebel ethnic groups are increasingly cashing in their illegal drug hauls in
expectations of a junta crackdown.
‘’Minority groups that feel under threat from the central government are using drug trafficking
to sustain themselves and keep control of their territories,’’ Mr Lewis said, without naming any
group.
Mai Aik Phone, chairman of the anti-Burmese group, Palaung State Liberation Front (PSLF)
who has many sources in the UWSA and other ceasefire
groups, said the incorporation of ceasefire groups into
the BGF and the militias would increase drug and human
trafficking as well as other illegal activities across the
border.
‘’Burma’s order that ceasefire groups join
the BFG and militia will affect Thailand. It will result in
an increase in drug smuggling, human trafficking and other
illegal activities across the border because some SPDC
officers are interested in doing business as well,’’ he said.
He said the problem stemmed from the
SPDC order that all ethnic ceasefire groups be transferred
to the command of the Defence Services, known as
‘’Tatmadaw’’, as stipulated in the Burmese constitution
adopted in May 2008.

TOO CLOSE: A UWSA camp opposite Mae Chan district in Chiang Rai province.
Mai Aik Phone said the SPDC plan involved three steps _ surrender, transform to a militia, and
becoming the BGF under the command of the Tatmadaw.
‘’According to the SPDC’s instructions, a battalion of BGF will comprise 326 personnel
including 18 ethnic officers and another 30 from the SPDC army. Most of the key positions such as
administration, personnel and material support departments are to be manned by the SPDC army
officers.
‘’The BGF will become a subordinate organisation under the control of the SPDC military.’’
Forming the BGF is causing problems for Burma. ‘’The SPDC has been attempting to disarm or
weaken the ceasefire groups and control them by transforming their armed wings into the BGF or
militias before the 2010 general election, which does not guarantee their basic rights.
‘’For the ceasefire groups, accepting transformation into the BGF would be worse than
surrendering arms.
‘’It could create more civil war in Burma. Most of the ceasefire groups don’t accept the
BGF, but smaller ones have no choice but to agree to joining

the BGF along the border, or militia and security forces
inside the country.
THE OTHER SIDE: Troops of the Rangoon-backed

Democratic Karen Buddhist Army.
He also said the UWSA and SPDC were readying troops
for a possible conflict. ‘’The SPDC is deploying troops and
equipment to Shan and Kachin states near the KIO and
UWSA areas.’’
Mai Aik Phone said the UWSA refused to transfer its
entire army to come under the control of the BGF, but both
sides were trying to negotiate.
‘’The UWSA are trying to compromise with the SPDC
on three points: They don’t want war; they do want to continue with the ceasefire agreement; and
they do want to develop their area.
‘’If the SPDC breaks these agreements, they will still try peaceful means to solve the problem,
by negotiating. But if the SPDC attacks them, as it did the MNDAA, they will fight and die for their
homeland. The UWSA is prepared, and they are not afraid to fight.’’
Timothy Laklem, head of foreign and public relations for the Karen National Union/Karen
National Liberation Army-Peace Council, (KNU/KNLA - PC), says if the ceasefire and other groups
refuse to join the BGF or the militia after the elections in 2010, they will become rebels which
could lead to a war as they would have support from some Western countries.
Dr Laklem said the group led by former commander of the KNLA’s 7th brigade Gen Htay
Maung and has about 800 soldiers and was formed in February 2007.
‘’We left the KNU to make peace with the SPDC, so we can stop the violence against the
Karen people.
‘’Nobody really understands why a BGF is necessary. The SPDC tried to explain that they
want one army in Myanmar.

‘’We agree with it, but instead of BGF, why can’t it be called the Myanmar Union Army. That
would be more positive.
‘’We rejected the order because we believe that accepting the BGF role will only contribute
to confusion, fear and conflicts resulting in disruption to the democratic process highlighted by the
upcoming general elections,’’ Dr Laklem said.
He said the Burmese military wanted to control the country’s borders, which meant it had to
deal with ethnic armies.
‘’At this time, only the DKBA and several small Karen groups inside the Karen and Karenni
areas have agreed to join the BGF, but the large ethnic groups have not.
‘’They are cautious, which doesn’t surprise me. They have similar concerns to us.
‘’The government shouldn’t order ethnic armies to accept the BGF. This doesn’t help us
achieve unity but, in fact, splits us even more. What we should do is to sit down and talk about how
best the country can come together.’’
One of Burma’s largest ceasefire groups, the NMSP, also rejected the BGF order and said
they will not support or participate in the general elections.

‘’The NMSP representatives are invited to dinner parties, ceremonies and non-political friendly meetings
by the SPDC who are trying their best to sign them up,’’ said Mr Khuensai.
One group that has joined the BGF is another KNU splinter group, the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army
(DKBA).uAsm
Major General Saw La Bwe, also known as Na Kam Mui and who commands the DKBA’s 6th brigade
close to the Thai border, told Spectrum that most of his people are happy with the new arrangement.
‘’Development along the border is our main objective because we want our people to be prosperous. After
joining the BGF, we can receive salaries, cars, rations, food, medical help as well as uniforms and ammunition
from the Burmese government.
‘’I have been here waiting for many years for this to come to pass, so we do not have to carry the
burden of looking after our army. We should accept anything that is good for our people.
‘’We have been staying along the border acting as an unofficial border guard force and I am waiting for
it to be recognised legally.
‘’Yes, some people in our group still hesitate about the new arrangement because no one knows what
the result will be.‘’The DKBA has had a military alliance with the Burmese government since early 1994 and it
has worked well so far.’’
Col James Lum Dau, deputy chief for foreign affairs of Ceasefire Kachin Independent Organisation
(KIO), wasn’t so optimistic. ‘’The SPDC wants to destroy everything. We must give up our military and come

under the SPDC’s control.
‘’At a time when we are trying to accomplish everything by means of politics, the SPDC wants to do
something else. They want to dissolve the KIO and its armed wing, the Kachin Independence Army.’’
Joining the BGF would be ‘’total surrender’’, a return to the situation before the ceasefire agreement was
reached in October 1993.
We are not supposed to be acting as troops guarding borders. Right now we are not an enemy to any
country. Myanmar has borders with five countries: China, Bangladesh, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and India. We
don’t have any enemies there, so why should we be the border force?
‘’The ceasefire was intended as the first step to democracy, followed by the election, but now everything
is going backward.’’
Saw Khwe Htoo Win, chairman of the Karen National Union (KNU), Mergui-Tavoy district, believes
the SPDC is serious about forming the BGF.
‘’They want to bring all ceasefire groups under the BGF because they want to keep them under their
control. It is a big issue in Burma. The BGF would allow the Burmese regime to monopolise the military wings of
the ethnic ceasefire groups, giving them greater control in managing border security after the election next year.
‘’The BGF would allow the Burmese regime to monopolise the military wings of the ethnic ceasefire
groups to manage the border security after the general election in 2010.
He claimed that some DKBA officers didn’t agree with the decision to join the BGF. ‘’They might fight the
SPDC, causing an influx of refugees into Thailand. The same might occur if fighting erupts between the UWSA
and the SPDC.‘’The Burmese reached the ceasefire with 17 ethnic groups many years ago but now they are
moving against them.’’
Sai Wansai, general secretary of the anti-Burmese government Shan Democratic Union (SDU), said:
‘’The 2008 SPDC’s self-drawn constitution, which was said to be approved by more than 90% of people, is a
joke and everyone knows that it has been manipulated and rigged by the military.
‘’The ceasefire armies were part of the National Convention which was entrusted to draw up the constitution.
But the convention was stage-managed from the beginning and the ceasefire armies’ proposal for genuine
federalism, with equal rights and self-determination, was rejected by the SPDC.
‘’The SPDC is now pushing for its BGF programme to swallow all the ethnic resistance movements and
the ceasefire groups are now at the receiving end of forceful integration into Burma army, which would spell the
end of their striving for self-determination.’’

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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
NDF Bulletin
Online Bulletin : Record

Computer Typing : NDF staffs
Layout Design : NDF Office Incharge
(H.N.H)
Bulletin No. 3 : November 2009

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk (r'w)
tzJGŒ0if tzJGŒ tpnf;rsm;
1? &ckid jf ynfvwG af jrmufa&;ygwD (ALP) 5? rGejf ynfopfygwD (NMSP)

2? csi;f trsK;d om;wyfO;D (CNF) 6? ytk0d ;f jynfo@l vGwaf jrmufa&;tzJ@G (PPLO)
3? u&iftrsK;d om;tpnf;t&H;k (KNU) 7? yavmifjynfe,fvw G af jrmufa&;wyfO;D (PSLF)
4? vm;[l'rD u
dk &ufwpfor~ (LDU) 8? “0” trsK;d om;tzJ@G csKyf (WNO)

r ' w &nf&Gufcsuf
1) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;tm;vHk; trsKd;om;wef;wla&;ESifh udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh&&Sda&;/
2) 'Drdkua&pDudk tajccHonfhjynfe,faygif;pk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;/
qufoG,f&ef/
P.O Box (101), Mae Sot P.O
Tak Province, 63110
Thailand
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Email : ndfburma@yahoo.com
ndfburma@hotmail.com
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National Democratic Front Online Bulletin

Exstiblished - May 10, 1976

N.D.F trSwpf Of 05/ 'DZifbmv 2009

Liberty Equality Social Progress

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

“2010 ck E S p f [ m u&if t rsKd ; om;awG t wG u f tvG e f w &m pk d ; &d r f z G , f

ppf a &;&m owif ;

No.05 / December 2009 1

t,f'Dwmh ukvor*~ etz rl;,pfaq;0g;

tvm;wlaemufqufwt GJ jzpf 14 &uf 'DZifbmvrSmyJ UNODC u tm&Sypdzw d o

trsKd ; om;'D r d k u a&pD w yf a ygif ; pk - r'w

No.05 / December 2009 2

1? u&ifESpfopful;ae@rkdif;AHk; autef,lvufcsuf[k etz pGyfpGJ

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

2? uk d ; uef @ xk d ; ppf Y OD ; aqmif o l ArmAk d v f r – ; }uD ; '%f & m&cJ h

No.05 / December 2009 3

3? u&ifESpfopful; tcrf;tem; jynfwGif;jynfywGif pnfum;pGmusif;y

&d;k &m txnfqikd rf sm;ESihf aps;qdik w

No.05 / December 2009 4

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

No.05 / December 2009 5

etzudk qufvufwdkufckdufaeqJ wdkif;&if;om; tzGJ@awGuawmh bdef; pdkufysdK;r_awGrSm etz ppfwyfawG yg0if

5? 'DaubDat wyfom;wOD;vufeuf 3 vufESifhtwl autJef,lxHyl;aygif;

No.05 / December 2009 6

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

No.05 / December 2009 ○ ○ ○ 7

qk;H jzwfxm;onf[k tqkyd g 0 wyfz@GJ acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf eDpyf

'DZifbmv 11 &uf/ 2009 ckEpS ?f

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

No.05 / December 2009 9

&Srf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA awmifykdif;wyfzJG@ESifhytkd0f;trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfPNLOwyfzJG@ESpfzJG@.

yJGcsif;+yD;usqkH;cJhonf?,ckvkdjzpfyGm;&jcif;. tajccHusonfh tcsufukdaumif;pGmrod&ao;aomfvnf; ESpfzufwyf rsm;

“rvkv d m;tyfwhJ aoG;xGuo f ,

No.05 / December 2009 10

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

No.05 / December 2009 11

&SdwJh jynfe,frsdK;udkom vdkcsifaewmjzpfygw,f?

&cd k i f t rsd K ;orD ; tpnf ; t&H k ; OuU X a'gapmjr&mZmvif ; ''

No.05 / December 2009 12

(&cd k i f j ynf trsd K ;om nD n G w f a &;ygwD jyef = um;a&;Xme wm0ef c H OD ; atmif o d e f ; Ed k f i f )

(&cd k i f t rsd K ;om;aumif p D A[d k a umf r wD t zG J @ 0if OD ; cd k i f y ef ; atmif )

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

7? 0 wyfzJG@A[kd. ta&;ay: tpnf;ta0; qkH;jzwfcsuf atmufajctxd csjyaqG;aEG;ae+yD

ukd,fuawmh oGm;+yD;wkdufrSmr[kwfbl;/ olwkd@&efpvm+yD; usL;ausmfvm+yDqkd&ifawmh tpGrf;ukefckcH

No.05 / December 2009 13

1? ytk0d ;f trsK;d om;nDnw

tzJG@oifrsm;tjzpf qufvuf todtrSwfjyKvufcHay;yg&ef vJìtyfda=u,if;ukd oufqkdif&macgif;aqmifrsm;u a=ujimcJh=uonf?

&ufp-GJ 2009 ck/ 'DZifbmv(10)&ufae@? obmywd

No.05 / December 2009 14

1 ? etz ppftyk pf w k @kd onf avmufuikd t f ajcpdu

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

4 ? etz ppftkyfpk. cGifhjyKcsufESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifr_rsm;jzifh e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;aeonfh etz vufatmufcH

No.05 / December 2009 15

“wyf a ygif ; pk j zif h atmif y J G c H & rnf ”

No.05 / December 2009 16

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

Colonel Lum Dau,

No.05 / December 2009 17

and a small group joined the BGF on Dec 4.

No.05 / December 2009 18

Maj-Gen Saw La Bwe

We Shall Achieve Victory Through Alliance!

Mai Aik Phone

No.05 / December 2009 19