Professional Documents
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RIP version 1
2
For further information
This presentation is an
overview of what is
covered in the
curriculum/book.
For further explanation
and details, please read
the chapter/curriculum.
Book:
Routing Protocols
and Concepts
By Rick Graziani and
Allan Johnson
ISBN: 1-58713-206-0
ISBN-13: 978-58713-
206-3
3
Topics
RIPv1: Distance Vector, Classful Automatic Summarization
Routing Protocol Modified Topology B
Background and Perspective Boundary Routers and
RIPv1 Characteristics and Automatic Summarization
Message Format Processing RIP Updates
RIP Operation Sending RIP Updates
Advantages and
Basic RIPv1 Configuration Disadvantages of Automatic
RIPv1 Scenario A Summarization
Enable RIP: router rip Default Route and RIPv1
Command Modified Topology C
Specifying Networks Propagating the Default Route
Verification and Troubleshooting in RIPv1
Verifying RIP: show ip route
Verifying RIP: show ip
protocols
Verifying RIP: debu ip rip
Passive Interfaces
4
RIPv1
5
RIPv1: A Distance Vector,
Classful Routing Protocol
Background and Perspective
RIPv1 Characteristics and Message Format
RIP Operation
RIPv1: Distance Vector, Classful Routing Protocol
7
Background and Perspective
RIP characteristics:
Distance Vector or Link State?
Distance vector routing protocol.
Metric?
Hop count
Maximum Hop count?
Greater than 15 are considered unreachable.
Routing table updates are broadcasted every…?
10
30 seconds. (RIPv2 uses multicasts)
RIPv1 Characteristics and Message Format
11
RIPv1 Characteristics and Message Format
12
IP Address Classes and Classful Routing
No subnet
mask
RIPv1:
Classful routing protocol.
Does not send subnet mask in update.
13
IP Address Classes and Classful Routing
Routing Table
?
Network-add/mask
RIP Update
network-add
/16
no router rip
To remove the RIP routing process from a device
Stops the RIP process
Erases all existing RIP configuration commands.
18
Specifying Networks
Router(config-router)# network
directly-connected-classful-
network-address
19
Specifying Networks
R1(config)# router rip
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0
RIP Update
22
Administrative Distance
R3# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, R = RIP
<some output omitted>
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
23
Administrative Distance
R3# show ip protocols
<output omitted>
Routing Protocol is “rip”
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.6.2 120 00:00:10
Distance: (default is 120)
24
Verification and Troubleshooting
Verifying RIP: show ip route
Verifying RIP: show ip protocols
Verifying RIP: debu ip rip
Passive Interfaces
Verifying RIP: show ip route on all three routers…
R1# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is not set
28
Verifying RIP: show ip route Command
R1# show ip route
<output omitted>
R 192.168.5.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/0/0
29
Examine and discuss the show ip protocols Command
30
Verifying RIP: show ip protocols Command
31
Verifying RIP: show ip protocols Command
32
Verifying RIP: show ip protocols Command
33
Verifying RIP: show ip protocols Command
34
Verifying RIP: show ip protocols Command
35
Verifying RIP: show ip protocols Command
36
Verifying RIP: show ip protocols Command
RIP neighbors
Gateway: Next-hop IP address of the neighbor that is sending R2 updates.
Distance is the AD that R2 uses for updates sent by this neighbor.
Last Update is the seconds since the last update was received from this
neighbor.
37
Use debug ip rip to view RIP updates that are sent
and received…
40
RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet0/0
(192.168.3.1)
RIP: build update entries
network 192.168.1.0 metric 2
network 192.168.2.0 metric 1
network 192.168.4.0 metric 1
network 192.168.5.0 metric 2
Directly
Connected
41
RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial0/0/1
(192.168.4.2)
RIP: build update entries
network 192.168.1.0 metric 2
network 192.168.2.0 metric 1
network 192.168.3.0 metric 1
Directly
Connected
Learned via
RIP from R1
42
RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial0/0/0
(192.168.2.2)
RIP: build update entries
network 192.168.3.0 metric 1
network 192.168.4.0 metric 1
network 192.168.5.0 metric 2
R2# undebug all
All possible debugging has been turned off
Directly
Connected
Learned via
RIP from R3
43
Passive Interfaces
Got Router?
Does R2 need to send RIP updates out Fa 0/0? What are the
disadvantages to this?
No, there is no RIP router or any router.
Bandwidth is wasted transporting unnecessary updates.
All devices on the LAN must process the RIPv1 update up to the
transport layer.
Security risk (Authentication would is a better solution - later)
44
Passive Interfaces
Router(config-router)# passive-interface interface-type interface-
number
46
Passive Interfaces
R2# show ip protocols
<output omitted>
Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
Serial0/0/0 1 1 2
FastEthernet 0/0 no longer
Serial0/0/1 1 1 2 included
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Routing for Networks:
192.168.2.0 LAN network still included in
192.168.3.0 RIP updates that are sent
192.168.4.0
Passive Interface(s):
FastEthernet 0/0 is a passive interface
FastEthernet0/0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.2.1 120 00:00:27
192.168.4.1 120 00:00:23
Distance: (default is 120)
47
Automatic Summarization
Modified Topology B
Boundary Routers and Automatic Summarization
Processing RIP Updates
Sending RIP Updates
Advantages and Disadvantages of Automatic
Summarization
Modified Topology: Scenario B
192.168.4.0/24
172.30.0.0/16
192.168.5.0/24
192.168.4.0/24
172.30.0.0/16
192.168.5.0/24
192.168.4.0/24
192.168.5.0/24
59
Sending RIP Updates
172.30.3.0
192.168.4.0
192.168.5.0 172.30.0.0
60
Determining the mask and network address
Receiving an Update: Determining subnet mask for routing table
What is the major classful network address of the receiving interface?
What is the major classful network address of the network in the routing
update?
Are they the same major classful network address?
Yes: Apply subnet mask of the receiving interface for this network
address in the routing table.
No: Apply classful subnet mask for this network address in the
routing table.
Sending an Update: Determining whether or not to summarize route sent
What is the major classful network address of the sending interface?
What is the major classful network address of the network in the routing
update?
Are they the same major classful network address?
Yes: Send subnet network address
No: Send summary address – the classful network address
61
Verifying Routing Updates
R1# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.30.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 172.30.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.30.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R 172.30.3.0 [120/1] via 172.30.2.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 172.30.2.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.5.0/24 [120/2] via 172.30.2.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/0
62
Classful routing protocols do not support VLSM
Routers running RIPv1 are limited to using the same subnet mask
for all subnets with the same classful network.
Classless routing protocols such as RIPv2 allow the same major
63
(classful) network to use different subnet masks (VLSM).
Advantages of Automatic Summarization
R3# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 172.30.0.0/16 [120/1] via 192.168.4.9, 00:00:15, Serial0/0/1
192.168.4.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.4.8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
64
Disadvantage of Automatic Summarization
172.30.0.0/16 172.30.0.0/16
66
Discontiguous Networks Do Not Converge with RIPv1
172.30.0.0
172.30.0.0
172.30.0.0/16 172.30.0.0/16
Note: The book/curriculum mistakenly has the following routes for R1 and R3
(Book: Figure 5-15 and 5-17). These routes are NOT in the routing tables.
R1: R 172.30.0.0 [120/2] via 209.165.200.230, 00:00:26, Serial0/0/0
R3: R 172.30.0.0 [120/2] via 209.165.200.233, 00:00:22, Serial0/0/1
68
Discontiguous Networks Do Not Converge with RIPv1
R2# show ip route
69
R2# show ip route
172.30.0.0/16 172.30.0.0/16
172.30.2.0/24
172.30.1.0/24
Default routes are used by routers to represent all routes that are
not specifically in the routing table.
73
Default
Routes
75
Routing Table
R1# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.30.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 172.30.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.30.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R 172.30.3.0 [120/1] via 172.30.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0
R1 has all 172.30.0.0/24 subnets, but will drop packets for all other
networks.
No default route (coming)
76
Routing Table
R2# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0
172.30.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R 172.30.1.0 [120/1] via 172.30.2.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0/0
C 172.30.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C 172.30.3.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
192.168.4.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.4.8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
77
Routing Table
R3# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.30.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 172.30.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
192.168.4.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.4.8 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
78
Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1
R1# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.30.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 172.30.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.30.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R 172.30.3.0 [120/1] via 172.30.2.2, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0
80
Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1
R1# show ip route
<output omitted>
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is 172.30.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
172.30.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 172.30.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R 172.30.3.0 [120/1] via 172.30.2.2, 00:00:16, Serial0/0/0
C 172.30.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 172.30.2.2, 00:00:16, Serial0/0/0
81
Topics
RIPv1: Distance Vector, Classful Automatic Summarization
Routing Protocol Modified Topology B
Background and Perspective Boundary Routers and
RIPv1 Characteristics and Automatic Summarization
Message Format Processing RIP Updates
RIP Operation Sending RIP Updates
Advantages and
Basic RIPv1 Configuration Disadvantages of Automatic
RIPv1 Scenario A Summarization
Enable RIP: router rip Default Route and RIPv1
Command Modified Topology C
Specifying Networks Propagating the Default Route
Verification and Troubleshooting in RIPv1
Verifying RIP: show ip route
Verifying RIP: show ip
protocols
Verifying RIP: debu ip rip
Passive Interfaces
82
Chapter 5
RIP version 1