Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hercules
1936, 24 Aug. Perforation: Diverse
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
CAMBODIA
(1951-)
1
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
allies and began a systematic reign of terror that claimed one million lives during 1975-78. During designation to the United Republic of Cameroon. Politically stable, Cameroon has enjoyed consi-
this period (1977-78), Cambodia was renamed Democratic Kampuchea. In 1978, border skir- derable development in agriculture and transportation since independence.
mishes with Vietnam erupted into war, and in January 1979, a Vietnamese-backed regime was es-
tablished. During 1983-89 Vietnam effectively occupied Cambodia, reducing the Khmer Rouge to
guerrilla resistance in remote rural areas. In 1993 U.N.-sponsored elections led to the restoration Icarus
of the monarchy. Khmer Rouge resistance to the new government continued through most of the
1990s. 1984, 20 Dec Perforation: 12 ½
Technique: Litho Unwmk
Designer: H. Erni
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
CANADA
(1851-)
Homo rudolfensis Parant. boisei Homo habilis
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 29,123,194. An independent state within the British Com-
Hominids monwealth, occupying the northern part of North America. Under French rule until 1763, when it
was transferred to Britain, modern Canada was formed with the union of the various individual Bri-
2001, 25 Oct.
tish colonies in North America in 1867. British Columbia and Vancouver Island were added in
1871, Prince Edward Island in 1873, and Newfoundland in 1949. Canada possesses rich natural
Perf.: 13 resources. The majority of the population is English-speaking and of British descent, while in Que-
bec 80 percent are of French descent.
Tech.:
Homo erectus Homo sapiens neanderthal Unwmk
Hermes – Mercury ¿?
Designer:
1928, 21 Sep Perforation: 12 ñ
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘
Technique: Unwmk
1. 100 r Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Designer:
2. 200 r Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Printer:
3. 300 r Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
4. 500 r Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
1. 5 c Brn olive 10,00 € 3,50 €
5. 500 r Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
a Imperf. Pair 175,00 €
6. 1000 r Multicolor 0,60 € 0,60 €
Unwmk
Hermes – Mercury ¿?
1932, 22 Feb. Perforation: 12 ñ
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Homo sapiens sapiens Sheet: ** ∘
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 14,677,510. A republic in West Africa. Cameroun was a Designer:
German protectorate until 1915, when it was occupied by the British and French. In 1922, it was
mandated to these countries by the League of Nations. The French portion became the indepen- Printer:
dent State of Cameroun in 1960, with the southern portion of the British mandate joining it in 1961.
The northern portion of the British mandate joined Nigeria. In 1972, Cameroun changed its official
Sheet: ** ∘
2
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Daedalus
1935, 1 Jan. Perforation: 12 ñ
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Algonquian
5. 6 c Red brown 2,75 € 1,00 € speaking indians
a Imperf. 50,00 € 1972, 6 Jul.
Daedalus Perf.: 12 x 12 ½
1935, 1 Jan. Perforation: 12 Tech.: Litho
Buffalo chase
Technique: Unwmk Unwmk
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
12. 8 c Multicolor normal paper 0,30 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
a Fluorecent paper 0,40 € 0,25 €
6. 20 c Carm 7,50 € 6,00 €
13. 8 c Multicolor normal paper 0,30 € 0,20 €
a Imperf. 450,00 €
a Fluorecent paper 0,40 € 0,25 €
Indians drying skins b Pair normal paper 0,60 € 0,50 €
on stretchers
c Pair florescent paper 0,80 € 0,60 €
1950, 2 Oct.
Designer: Designer:
Designer: Algonquian
speaking indians
Printer: Canadian Bank Note Co. Sheet: ** ∘
1973, 21 Feb.
9. 10 c Violet brn 0,25 € 0,20 €
Perf.: 12 x 12 ½
10. Ovpt normal “G” 0,90 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
3
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Designer: Iroquois
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ 1975, 4 Apr. P.: 12 ½
20. 8 c Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 € Tech: Litho & emboss
21. 8 c Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
Designer:
a Pair 0,50 € 0,40 €
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Pacific coast indians Iroquoian Iroquian dance
thunderbird
1972, 22 Feb. P.: 12 ½ x 12
30. 10 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Tech: Litho Unwmk
31. 10 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Designer:
a Pair 0,40 € 0,40 €
Printer:
Iroquois (Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga and Tuscarora).
Sheet: ** ∘
Chief wearing Thunderbird from First humans in America
Chilkat Kwakiutl house
1986, 29 Aug Perforation: 12 ½ x 13
22. 8 c Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
Technique: Litho Unwmk
23. 8 c Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
Designer:
a Pair 0,50 € 0,40 €
Pacific coast Indians of Canada (Haida, Salish, Tsimshian, Chilkat and Kwakiult)
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sub-artic indians
32. 34 c Multicolor 0,50 € 0,25 €
1975, 4 Apr.
Designer: Designer:
Designer: Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
Univ. of Brtish Columbia's Museum of
Kutchin ceremonial Objibwa
Anthropology, Totem
costume thunderbird
1999, 9 Mar. Perforation: 13 ¼
26. 8 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
4
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 393,843. A group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, west of
Senegal. Cape Verde was uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1456 or 1460.
Ovp ARQ #1 Ovp ARQ #2 The first Portuguese settlers arrived in 1462, and black slaves were introduced soon thereafter.
Canton Numerals The modern Cape Verdeans are descendents of the two groups. In 1975, Cape Verde became in-
dependent, with close ties to Guinea-Bissau (the former Portuguese Guinea). Drought and famine
in recent years have created major difficulties for this already impoverished nation.
Hermes - Mercury
1901, 15 Jun. Perforation: 14 x 13 ½
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: Red ovp #1 Ovp #1
Sheet: ** ∘ Ovp #2
Wmk #1
1. 1 c blk /lil bl 1,10 € 1,10 €
5
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Designer: Constantino de Sobral Fernández / José Sér- 41. 1 c brn 0,20 € 0,20 €
gio de Carvalho e Siva 42. 5 c sepia 0,20 € 0,20 €
Printer: 43. 10 c vio 0,20 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘ 44. 15 c black 0,30 € 0,30 €
16. 1 c green 0,20 € 0,20 € 45. 20 c gray 0,30 € 0,30 €
a Perf. 15 x 14 0,20 € 0,20 € 46. 30 c dk green 0,30 € 0,30 €
17. 2 c gray ('26) 0,30 € 0,30 € 47. 40 c org. red 0,30 € 0,30 €
18. 3 c org. 2,40 € 2,40 € 48. 45 c brn 1,70 € 0,80 €
a Perf. 15 x 14 0,30 € 0,25 € 49. 50 c bright blue 0,80 € 0,50 €
19. 4 c rose 0,20 € 0,20 € 50. 60 c olive grn 0,80 € 0,50 €
a Perf. 15 x 14 0,20 € 1,60 € 51. 70 c arg. brn 0,80 € 0,50 €
20. 4½ c gray 0,30 € 0,30 € 52. 80 c emer. 0,80 € 0,50 €
21. 5 c bright blue 0,30 € 0,30 € 53. 85 c dk rose 3,50 € 2,40 €
22. 6 c lila 0,30 € 0,30 € 54. 1 $ brn 2,40 € 0,50 €
23. 7 c ultra 0,30 € 0,30 € 55. 1,40 $ dk blue 3,00 € 3,00 €
24. 12 c bl greenish 0,50 € 0,50 € 56. 2 $ vio 3,80 € 2,40 €
a Perf. 15 x 14 0,90 € 0,80 € 57. 5 $ grn 17,00 € 5,00 €
25. 15 c rose brn 0,30 € 0,30 € 58. 10 $ pale rose 28,00 € 16,00 €
a Perf. 15 x 14 0,25 € 0,20 € 59. 20 $ org. 50,00 € 22,00 €
26. 24 c ultra ('26) 0,90 € 0,80 €
choc ('26)
Ceres
27. 25 c 0,90 € 0,80 €
30. 50 c vio ('26) 0,80 € 0,70 € Designer: Constantino de Sobral Fernández / José Sér-
gio de Carvalho e Siva
31. 60 c dk blue 1,20 € 0,90 €
Printer:
32. 60 c rose ('26) 1,20 € 0,80 €
Sheet: ** ∘
33. 80 c brght rose 4,00 € 1,20 €
60. 70 c Ovp 2 on stamp #47 2,00 € 1,20 €
34. 1 $ E rose 4,60 € 2,80 €
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CATTARO
(1944) CAYMAN IS.
Stamp-issuing status: inactive. A Croatian province on the Adriatic, occupied by the Italians from Cayman Islands (1901-)
1941-43, and Germans, 1943-45, during World War II. In 1944, Italian and Yugoslavia issues were
overprinted for use in Cattaro by the German Occupation Authorities
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 36,153 (1997 estimate). Three islands in the Caribbean
Sea, northwest of Jamaica. The Cayman Islands have been a British colony since its settlement in
the 18th century. During the 1970s, the Caymans became a tax-free haven for banking, and many
Western banks have branches in the colony.
Surch ARQ #1
DEUTSCHE / MI-
LITÄR- / VERWAL-
TUNG / KOTOR
Emperors
1944, Jan. Perf.:
Tech: Unwmk
Wmk #1
Designer:
Printer: Hermes - Mercury
Type I Type II
Hermes - Mercury
7
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Stamp-issuing status: inactive. Two of the Ionian Islands, off the western coast of Greece. The is-
1. 5 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
lands were occupied by Italian forces in 1941, when Greek stamps were overprinted for use in the
two islands by local Italian military authorities. These were soon superseded by the general occu- 2. 10 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
pation issues for the Ionian Islands.
a Ovp on single
3. 20 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
4. 40 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
a Ovp on single
5. 50 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
6. 80 l 30,00 € 25,00 €
7. 2 D 20,00 € 20,00 €
Wmk ARQ #1
a Ovp on single 620,00 €
8. 5 D 95,00 € 35,00 €
Argostoli Overprints 9. 6 D 95,00 € 35,00 €
Historical
1941, 15 May.
Mithological
1941, 15 May. Perforation: ñ Technique:
Unwmk Designer:
a Ovp on single
12. 2 D
a Ovp on single
14. 7 D
15. 10 D
a Ovp on single
16. 25 D
Battle of Salamis Alexander the Great at a Ovp on single
Chariot of Panathenaics
Battle of Issos
Festival
17. 30 D
Historical
8
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Unwmk Designer:
20. 10 l
21. 20 l
Contest with bull Zeus of Dodone Hermes - Mercury Hermes – Mercury (re-
Palas Athenea holding
Pegasus issued)
Lady of Tirynis
9
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Ithaca Overprints
Helios driving the sun Iris Deadalus and Icarus
chariot
60. 10 D
Battle of Salamis Chariot of Panathenaics Alexander the Great at
Festival Battle of Issos 61. 10 D re-issued
10
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
82. 25 D 8.200,00 €
83. 30 D 8.200,00 €
Hygeia
1941, 15 May Perforation:
Technique: Unwmk
Battle of Salamis Chariot of Panathenaics Alexander the Great at
Festival Battle of Issos Designer:
Historical Printer: Ovp ARQ #5
1941, 15 May. Sheet: ** ∘
Glory
Designer:
Printer: Ovp ARQ #5 Sheet: ** ∘ CHAD
66. 5 l 15,00 € 15,00 €
69. 40 l 1.650,00 € 460,00 € Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 7,166,023. A republic in central Africa. A former depen-
dency of Ubangi-Shari, Chad was occupied by the French during 1897-1914, after defeating fierce
70. 50 l 170,00 € 130,00 € native resistance. In 1920, Chad became a separate colony, joining in French Equatorial Africa in
1934. In 1958, the Chad Republic became an independent state in the French Union, and in 1960,
71. 80 l 7.200,00 € it became fully independent. Following independence, Chad retained close ties with France, which
provided economic aid and support in the government's civil war with Libyan-backed Arab guerri-
72. 2 D 2.000,00 € 280,00 € llas after 1966. In 1981, Libyan forces occupied Chad at the request of a coalition government.
Libya's efforts to merge the two nations, however, alarmed even the pro-Libyan elements of the re-
73. 5 D 3.300,00 € 950,00 € gime, and international pressure brought a rapid Libyan withdrawal. Libyan forces remained in the
northern part of the country until 1987, and Libya continued to claim the mineral-rich Aozou strip
74. 6 D 2.600,00 € 620,00 € until 1994. After years of civil war, of foreign invasions, and of coups and counter-coups, Chad
adopted a new constitution and held its first multiparty elections in 1996.
75. 25 D 6.200,00 € 2.200,00 €
Kadu Antelopes
Helios driving the sun Iris Deadalus and Icarus Rhinoceros
chariot
Mithological
1941, 15 May Perforation: ñ
Bull Wild swine Elephant
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
77. 2 D 410,00 € 410,00 € Rhinoceros Warrior with spear and Masked archer
shield
78. 5 D 3.300,00 € 1.300,00 €
Tibesti pictorials
79. 7 D 3.300,00 € 1.300,00 €
80. 10 D 8.500,00 €
1962, 20 Apr. Perforation: 13 T Technique: Engraved
11
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** ∘ chevron incisions. The shaven heads of the figurative statuettes are tiny, whereas the lips and chin
Print: Sheet: are prominent. The short arms of the statuettes carry sashes crossed over the bust, and jewellery.
Other sculptures are hybrid, being made up of a cylindrical body mounted by an animal head.
1. 50 c olive bister 0,20 € 0,20 € Some isolated heads have their faces engraved with circle motifs
2. 50 c brown red 0,20 € 0,20 €
Ramses II battling the Hittites from Abu-
a Pair ARQ# 1-2 0,20 € Simbel
3 1 F blue 0,20 € 0,20 € 1964, 9 Mar. Perforation: 13
4 1 F green 0,20 € 0,20 € Technique: Engraved Unwmk
a Pair ARQ# 3-4 0,20 € Designer:
5 2 F vermeillon 0,20 € 0,20 € Printer:
6 2 F maroon 0,20 € 0,20 € Sheet: ** ∘
Unwmk Designer:
Print: Sheet: ** ∘
Clay weight. Ancestral mask. Ancestral clay Gazelle bronze 22. 20 F Dk red, brn & bl grn 0,20 € 0,20 €
Excavations of Excavations of Leon statue Excavations excavations Griaule
Lebeuf Pales of Lebeuf - Lebeuf 23. 60 F Brt bl, choc & ver 0,50 € 0,35 €
Art sao 24. 80 F Brn org, grn & pur 0,70 € 0,40 €
12
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Artifacts from the Chad National Museum Archers Costumes Funeral vigil
13
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CHILE
(1853-)
Sites
1999 Perforation: 12 ¾
Technique: Unwmk Surch ARQ #1
Eº 0,10 / Art. 77 /
Designer: Ley / 178272
Printer:
Persepolis Wood sculpture of
Sheet: ** ∘ Eater Island
43. 50 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 € 1940, 1 Mar.
44. 150 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 € Perf.: 14 ½ x 14 ¼
45. 300 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
Tech.: Engr
46. 400 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
Unwmk
47. 500 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
Designer:
48. 700 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
Printer: Talleres de especies valoradas Sheet: 15 ** ∘
49. 900 F Multicolor 0,90 € 0,20 €
0. 0,8+2,2 P Dk green, lake 1,40 € 1,25 €
14
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15
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The ruins of the are located in a bend of the gorge whose channel flows waters of the river San
Pedro rio Grande (big river) and on an inclined plane of strong slope.All the constructions are of
stone, generally without a previous elaboration and extracted of the liparita bank, on which it is se -
ated. The houses and their small attached silo, the defensive enclosures that are noticed in the pe -
riphery and assigned to the same defensive wall, the enclosures that store to the grains and
watchtowers, cover in number of 160 .
he Pukara de Quitor has a strategic location: it is defended back by an insurmountable precipice
and ahead, with a defensive wall in the most vulnerable part. It is impressive constructions that
climbs a lofty hill and is formed by volumes constructed with great alternate stones with others
smaller, united with earth mortar. To the center it emphasizes a semicircular building like tower.
The Pukara de Quitor dates from XII century and was reinforcing during the Inca’s occupation.
In 1981 the Pukara de Quitor was recovered, resuming activity in 1992 with contributions of the In-
ternational Spanish Agency of Cooperation
www.letsgochile.com
It takes his name from the pre-Hispanic agrarian grouping, the “Ayllu of Quitor”, whose fields of 16. 9 $ Multicolor 0,35 € 0,25 €
cultivates are born on the foot of the Pukara Quitor, fortification erected in the course of the XII
Ahu Akivi, this is the only Ahu whose Moais face the ocean and they are oriented towards Polyne-
century, as an answer to the expansionistic intentions of the Aymaras neighbors.
sia. It is said these Moais represent the seven warriors sent by Hotu Matua to explore the island
Entering towards Quitor, the Pukara de Quitor lies on the top of a hill on the river of San Pedro,
that have been seen in a dream by a man called Hau Maka. The island was called Te Pito O Te
this place is a old indigenous fort which dates from more than 700 years. The Pukara de Quitor
Henua (Navel of the Earth) by Hotu Matua people and later Easter Island by European navigators.
was declared National Monument in 1982. It is a pre Inca construction data of century XII. The Pu-
kara de Quitor is done with stones that climb a hill as a fortification with a perimeter defensive wall.
16
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
17
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
18
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Easter Island
1992, 9 Jun.
Perf.: 13 ¼
Tech.: Litho
Moais Dancers and bird man
petroglyph Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘
Print: ** ∘
PS1. Multicolor
Rock Art
1995, 16 Jun. Perforation: 13 ¼
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Two mask, Encanto, Ovalle
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile
Sheet: ** ∘
CHL_19950616 FDC
Map, dancer, moais and Kon-Tiki ship
Capuchin monk in Easter Island 1999, 25 Jun. Perforation: 13 ¼
1998, 18 May Perforation: 13 ½ Technique: Offset Unwmk
Technique: Offset Unwmk Designer: U. Faber
Designer: E. Contreras Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile Sheet: ** ∘
19
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Easter island
2000, 27 Apr. Perforation: 13 ¼ Technique: Offset
Easter Island
2001, 25 Jun.
Perf.: 13 ¼
Tech.: Offset
Unwmk
Designer: A. Olivares Bueno
Printer: Casa de Moneda de Chile Sheet: ** ∘
Rapa Nui dancer and Moais
51. 260 $ Multicolor 100.000 1,00 € 1,00 €
a With vignette
2002, 1 Jul. Perforation: 13 ¾ Technique:
20
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Theme: Moais
City:
Text:
CHL_20020701 FDC
21
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
1927, Chiang moved against Soviet influence in the Nationalist government, and the communists
split with the regime, launching a guerrilla war against the central government. In 1931, Japan oc-
CHIMARRA cupied Manchuria and began to expand into China, openly invading the country in 1937. The Na-
tionalists and communists maintained an uneasy truce during World War II, but with the defeat of
Japan and the occupation of Manchuria by the Soviets, the civil war began in earnest. By 1949,
the Nationalists had been defeated and driven to the island of Formosa (Taiwan).
(1914, 1920)
Stamp-issuing status: inactive. A city on the southern coast of Albania. Philatelically inspired is-
sues were released during the Greek occupation of the port.
Surch. ARQ #2
Surch. ARQ #2
Printer: IMPERIAL
Qin Dynasty 221 BCE–206 BCE
Sheet: ** ∘ Han Dynasty 206 BCE–220 CE
Western Han
1. 1 l 35,00 € 35,00 € Xin Dynasty
Eastern Han
3. 3 l 30,00 € 30,00 €
China (1878-1949)
Stamp-issuing status: (Empire and Republic) inactive; Population: (Empire and Republic)
462,798,093 (1948). An ancient country occupying a large area in eastern Asia, between Turkes-
tan and the China Sea and stretching from Siberia to Indochina. Chinese civilization appeared in
the 3rd millennium B.C., producing one of the earliest sophisticated cultures. China was long divi-
ded into numerous states, within a feudal system. China was unified under the Chin and Han dy-
nasties (255 B.C.-220 A.D.), but again broke into contending states after the fall of the Hans. Unifi-
cation was achieved under the Sui and T'ang dynasties (589-907), but internal division again ap-
peared. In the early 13th century, the Mongols overran China, establishing the Yuan dynasty,
which at its height (circa 1300) ruled China, Turkestan, Korea and Indochina. In 1368, the Ming dy-
nasty expelled the Yuan and inaugurated a period of dynamic growth. In 1644, the Manchu dy -
nasty overthrew the Ming and created a vast and powerful empire. During 1840-1900, China was ARQ # 1-5 ARQ # 6-10
defeated in a series of wars, which secured for the European powers numerous concessions
within the Chinese empire. In 1892, Dr. Sun Yat-sen founded the Regenerate China Society, which The Great Wall of China (Simplified Chinese: 长城; Traditional Chinese: 長城; Pinyin: Chángchéng;
began to foment revolution. In 1911, the empress-dowager was deposed, and a republic proclai- literally "Long wall") or (Simplified Chinese: 万里长城; Traditional Chinese: 萬里長城; Pinyin: Wànlǐ
med. A period of civil war and internal division under local warlords ensued, until Chiang Kai-shek, Chángchéng; literally "The long wall of 10,000 Li (里)"[1]) is a series of stone and earthen fortifica-
commanding the Nationalist armies, was able to re-establish some unity during the 1920s. In tions in China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th century to
22
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire during the rule of successive dynasties. Seve-
24. 30 c Red 0,45 € 0,40 €
ral walls, referred to as the Great Wall of China, were built since the 5th century BC, the most fa-
mous being the one built between 220 BC and 200 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi a Pair imperf. between 200,00 €
Huang. That wall was much farther north than the current wall, built during the Ming Dynasty, and
little of it remains. 25. 45 c Rose vio (1941, 23 May.) 0,45 € 0,40 €
The Great Wall is the world's longest human-made structure, stretching over approximately 6,400
km (4,000 miles)[2] from Shanhai Pass in the east to Lop Nur in the west, along an arc that rough - 26. 50 c Brown 0,45 € 0,40 €
ly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. It is also the largest human-made structure ever
built in terms of surface area and mass. 27. 60 c Dp Blue (1941, 23 May.) 0,45 € 0,40 €
The Chinese were already familiar with the techniques of wall-building by the time of the Spring
and Autumn Period, which began around the 8th century BC. During the Warring States Period 28. 90 c Olive (1941, 23 May.) 0,45 € 0,40 €
from the 5th century BC to 221 BC, the states of Qi, Yan and Zhao all constructed extensive fortifi -
cations to defend their own borders. Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords 29. 1 $ Apple grn (1941, 23 May.) 0,45 € 0,40 €
and spears, these walls were made mostly by stamping earth and gravel between board frames.
Qin Shi Huang conquered all opposing states and unified China in 221 BC, establishing the Qin 30. 2 $ Brown (1941, 23 May.) 0,45 € 0,40 €
Dynasty. Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he orde-
red the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the former state borders. To 31. 5 $ Lake 0,45 € 0,40 €
protect the empire against intrusions by the Xiongnu people from the north, he ordered the building
of a new wall to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's new northern frontier.
Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders al- Great wall
ways tried to use local resources. Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges,
while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains. There are no surviving historical re - 1940 - 1941 Perforation: 12 - 13 ñ
cords indicating the exact length and course of the Qin Dynasty walls. Most of the ancient walls
have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today. Later, the Han, Sui, Technique: Unwmk
Northern and Jin dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great
cost to defend themselves against northern invaders. Designer:
The Great Wall concept was revived again during the Ming Dynasty following the Ming army's de-
feat by the Mongols in the Battle of Tumu in 1449. The Ming had failed to gain a clear upper-hand Printer: Hong Kong
over the Mongols after successive battles, and the long-drawn conflict was taking a toll on the em-
pire. The Ming adopted a new strategy to keep the Mongols out by constructing walls along the Sheet: ** ∘
northern border of China. Acknowledging the Mongol control established in the Ordos Desert, the
32. 15 c Gray grn 0,40 € 0,30 €
wall followed the desert's southern edge instead of incorporating the bend of the Huang He.
Unlike the earlier Qin fortifications, the Ming construction was stronger and more elaborate due to 33. 25 c Orange 0,40 € 0,30 €
the use of bricks and stone instead of rammed earth. As Mongol raids continued periodically over
the years, the Ming devoted considerable resources to repair and reinforce the walls. Sections 34. 30 c Red 0,40 € 0,30 €
near the Ming capital of Beijing were especially strengthened.
Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall helped defend the empire against the Man- 35. 45 c Rose vio 0,40 € 0,30 €
chu invasions that began around 1600. Under the military command of Yuan Chonghuan, the Ming
army held off the Manchus at the heavily fortified Shanhai Pass, preventing the Manchus from en- 36. 50 c Brown (1940, 3 Dec.) 0,40 € 0,30 €
tering the Liaodong Peninsula and the Chinese heartland. The Manchus were finally able to cross
the Great Wall in 1644, when the gates of Shanhai Pass were opened by Wu Sangui, a corrupt 37. 60 c Dp Blue 0,40 € 0,30 €
Ming border general, after being bribed. The Manchus quickly seized Beijing, and defeated the re-
maining Ming resistance, to establish the Qing Dynasty. 38. 90 c Olive 0,40 € 0,30 €
Under Qing rule, China's borders extended beyond the walls, and Mongolia was annexed into the
empire, so construction and repairs on the Great Wall were discontinued. 39. 1 $ Apple grn 0,55 € 0,55 €
15. 50 c Dk brown (1933, 13 May.) 0,40 € 0,40 € 44. 23 $ On stamp # 24 0,50 € 0,35 €
16. 60 c Dk Blue 0,40 € 0,40 € 45. 53 $ On stamp # 22 14,00 € 17,50 €
19. 2 $ Brown (1937, 9 Jul.) 1,10 € 0,40 € 48. 200 $ On stamp # 26 0,50 € 0,50 €
20. 5 $ Brown car (1937, 9 Jul.) 2,75 € 3,25 € 49. 23 $ On stamp # 35 0,20 € 0,25 €
23
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
61. 500 $ Carmine rose 0,40 € 0,25 € 75. 1000 $ On stamp # 39 0,20 € 0,20 €
62. 900 $ Yell brown 0,40 € 0,25 € Japonese issue in Shangai and Nanking
Issue as air raid precaution propaganda
63. 1250 $ Blue green 0,40 € 0,25 €
Great wall
64. 1900 $ Blue 0,40 € 0,25 €
Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; Pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K'ung-fu-tzu, lit. "Master Kung,"551 1941 - 1942 Perforation: 12 - 13 ñ
BCE – 479 BCE) was an esteemed Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and
philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese thought and life. Technique:
His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social rela-
tionships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, Designer:
such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty. Confucius' thoughts have been
developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe Printer:
by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius" .
His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius ( 論語 ), a collection of "brief aphoristic Sheet: ** ∘
fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that
any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius, but for nearly 2,000 years 76. On stamp # 55 6,00 € 6,00 €
he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics such as the Classic of Rites (edi -
tor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author). a On stamp # 54 500,00 €
Confucianism is often followed in a religious manner by the Chinese, arguments continue over
whether it is a religion. Confucianism lacks an afterlife, its texts express complex and ambivalent 77. On stamp # 56 9,25 € 10,50 €
views concerning deities, and it is relatively unconcerned with some spiritual matters often consi-
dered essential to religious thought, such as the nature of the soul. 78. On stamp # 57 7,25 € 10,50 €
Confucius' principles gained wide acceptance primarily because of their basis in common Chinese
79. On stamp # 58 95,00 € 100,00 €
tradition and belief. He championed strong familial loyalty, ancestor worship, respect of elders by
their children (and, according to later interpreters, of husbands by their wives), and the family as a 11,00 € 15,00 €
80. On stamp # 60
basis for an ideal government. He expressed the well-known principle, "Do not do to others what
you do not want done to yourself" (similar to the Golden Rule). He also looked nostalgically upon Japonese issue in Szechwan province
earlier days, and urged the Chinese, particularly those with political power, to model themselves
on earlier examples. "The superior man seeks for it in himself. The petty man seeks for it in others" Great Wall
Because no texts survive that are demonstrably authored by Confucius, and the ideas associated
with him most closely were elaborated in writings that accrued over the period between his death
and the foundation of the first Chinese empire in 221 BCE, many scholars are very cautious about 1942
attributing specific assertions to Confucius himself. Used in Sinkiang, Yun-
nan Province
LOCAL AND PROVINCIAL ISSUES
250
ARQ Scott Yvert Michel ** ∘
81 C5 5 145 on ARQ #11 4,25 5,50
82 C6 6 146 on ARQ #17 250,00 225,00
83 C7 7 147 on ARQ #12 10,00 16,00
84 C8 8 148 on ARQ #13 6,25 10,50
85 C9 9 149 on ARQ #18 26,00 30,00
86 C10 10 150 on ARQ #14 6,25 19,00
87 C11 11 151 on ARQ #16 35,00 47,50
88 C12 12 152 on ARQ #19 7,25 11,50
89 C13 13B - on ARQ #22 3,25 4,00
90 C14 14B - on ARQ #23 3,25 4,00
91 C15 14A - on ARQ #34 2,75 2,75
24
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
89. On stamp # 22 3,25 € 4,00 € Chu-Yuan, 350-275 B.C. Warring States period
90. On stamp # 23 3,25 € 4,00 € 1953, 30 Dec. Perforation: 14
91. On stamp # 34 2,75 € 2,75 €
Technique: Engr. Unwmk
92. On stamp # 35 4,00 € 4,00 €
Designer: Sun Chuanzhe
93. On stamp # 32 5,50 € 5,50 € Engraver: Kong Shaohui & Tang Linshen
94. On stamp # 40 26,00 € 26,00 € Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
95. On stamp # 41 26,00 € 26,00 € Sheet: 9x12=108 ** ∘
Japonese issue in Sinkiang, Yunan province
3. 800 $ Dark green 0,20 € 0,20 €
Compass 3 rd
century B.C. Qin Dinasty Designer: Sun Chuanzhe & Xia Zhonghan
Engraver: Gao Pinzhang
1953, 1 Dec. Perforation: 14 Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
Technique: Engr. Unwmk Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘
Designer: Sun Chuanzhe & Xia Zhonghan 5. 800 $ Brown 0,50 € 0,20 €
Engraver: Wu Pengyue
Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works Guojizi bronze plate 800 BC. Western Zou
Dinasty
Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘
1954, 25 Aug Perforation: 14
1. 800 $ Indigo 0,65 € 0,20 €
The magnetic compass is an old Chinese invention, probably first made in China during the Qin
Technique: Engr. Unwmk
dynasty (221-206 B.C.). Chinese fortune tellers used lodestones (a mineral composed of an iron
oxide which aligns itself in a north-south direction) to construct their fortune telling boards.
Designer: Sun Chuanzhe & Xia Zhonghan
Eventually someone noticed that the lodestones were better at pointing out real directions, leading
to the first compasses. They designed the compass on a square slab which had markings for the Engraver: Jia Zhiquian
cardinal points and the constellations.
The pointing needle was a lodestone spoon-shaped device, with a handle that would always point Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
south
Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘
25
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Lacked box and Yushang 300 BC. Warring Unwmk Designer: Shao Bolin / Engravers: Kong Shaohui, Tang
states period Linshen, Gao Pinzhang, Sun Hongnian
1954, 25 Aug Perforation: 14 Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Prin- Sheet: 50 ** ∘
ting Works
Technique: Engr. Unwmk
13. 4 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
Designer: Sun Chuanzhe & Xia Zhonghan
14. 4 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
Engraver: Tang Linsen
15. 8 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works
16. 8 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘
17. 10 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
7. 800 $ Dk Carm 0,50 € 0,20 €
18. 10 f Multicolor 7,50 € 0,75 €
Zhangheng (Chang Heng). Warring States pe- 19. 20 f Multicolor 7,50 € 5,00 €
riod
20. 20 f Multicolor 7,50 € 5,00 €
1955, 25 Aug. Perforation: 14
Technique: Engr. Unwmk Silk painting found in Chagsha
tomb
Designer: Jiang Zhaohe & Sun Chuanzhe
Engraver: Liu Guotong 1979, 29 mar. Perf.: 11
Printer: Beijin People's Printing Works Tech: Photo Unwmk
Sheet: 8x12=96 ** ∘ Designer: Shao Bolin
8. 800 $ Sepia buff. 2,00 € 0,30 € Printer: Beijin People's Printing
a Imperf. Mini sheer 22,50 € 6,75 € Works
Phoenix battling Man ridding dragon
to heaven Sheet: 7x4 ** ∘
monster, praying
woman
26
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Ancient coins
27
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Three-legged pot
Bronze wine Three-legged pot Food bowl
container
28
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
tect it, with crossbows lined up to shoot anyone who tried to break in.
Sima Qian never mentioned, however, the terracotta army - which was discovered by a team of
well diggers. It is the detail of the terracotta armies that makes it so valuable. The soldiers were
created with a series of mix-and-match clay molds and then further individualized by the artists'
hand.
No two terracotta soldiers are identical. The sculptures represent a standard of art that experts
previously believed was far beyond the craftsmen of the Qin Dynasty. Each man was built with so-
lid legs and a hollow torso. The soldiers were originally armed with bronze spears and bows and
arrows. But soon after the burial there was a revolution in China and the rebels broke into the
vaults to steal the weapons.
All the standing warriors were attached to clay plinths that rested on the tiled floor, which still re-
sembles a modern pavement. The soldiers were arranged in battle formation, with 600 clay horses
and 100 life-sized working wooden chariots.
Chinese archaeologists have been meticulous and patient in their work. The main tomb (located at
34°22′52.75″N, 109°15′13.06″E) containing the emperor has yet to be opened and there is still
hope that it remains intact. It is said that molten copper was used to seal it.
A magnetic scan of the site has revealed that a large number of coins are lying in the unopened
tomb, occasioning speculation that the royal treasury was interred with the emperor. Scans of the
earth atop the tomb have revealed unusually high concentrations of mercury in the shape of Chi -
na's waters, adding further to the credibility of Sima Qian's description.
29
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30
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Great wall
1997, 1 Apr (*) – 1 Sept. Perf.: 13
Huma section Sanguankuo pass Jiayuguan pass
Technique: Photo Unwmk
Great wall
Designer: Yang Wenqing, Li Defu
Zjing 1999, 1 May Perf.: 11 ½ / #91: 13
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works
Technique: Photo Unwmk
Sheet: 5x10=50 ** ∘
74. 30 f Yell & black 0,20 € 0,20 € Designer: Yang Wenqing, Li Defu
Huanghua Tower
75. 50 f Yell & black 0,20 € 0,20 € #91 Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works
77. 150 f Green & black 0,40 € 0,50 € 91. 60 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
78. 200 f Red & black 0,50 € 0,50 € 92. 10 $ Multicolor 2,50 € 2,50 €
31
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100. 100 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 € Unwmk Designer: Yan Bingwu; Guo Chenghui
Joint Issue with San Marino
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Prin- Sheet: 40 ** ∘
ting Works
107. 50 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
32
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110. 50 f Dark green & black 0,20 € 0,20 € 119. 80 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
Joint issue with Kazhkastan
111. 50 f brown & black 0,20 € 0,20 €
113. 150 f Dk brown & black 0,35 € 0,35 € 2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½
114. 150 f Brn olive & black 0,35 € 0,35 € Technique: Engraved Unwmk
115. 150 f Dk purplr & black 0,35 € 0,35 € Designer: Yuan Xikun
Stone Carvings of Han Dynasty were the decorative paintings for clan halls and tombs in China's
Han Dynasty. The carvings were first seen in the Western Han Dynasty and booming in the Eas- Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House
tern Han Dynasty and booming in the Eastern Han Dynasty. They were mostly found in Shandong,
Henan, Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces which were economically and culturally and culturally de- Sheet: 20 ** ∘
veloped. The carvings featured historical figures, legends production and social life at the time.
Characterized by its bold and rough technique and vivid and simple modelling, these works not 120. 60 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 €
only truly recorded the various aspects of Han society but also were of very high artistic value,
which yielded profound influence to the sculpture art later
Mencius – Meng Ko (Zhou dinasty)
Jade dragon 2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½
2000, 7 Mar. Perf.: 12 Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Technique: Offset Unwmk Designer: Yuan Xikun
Designer: Wang Huming Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House
Printer: Henan Post and Telecommunication Printing Sheet: 20 ** ∘
Works
121. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Mencius (Romanization; 孟子, pinyin: Mèng Zǐ; Wade-Giles: Meng Tzu; most accepted dates: 372
116. 60 f Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € – 289 BCE; other possible dates: 385 – 303/302 BCE) was a Chinese philosopher who was ar -
guably the most famous Confucian after Confucius himself.
More than 20 cirrus-shaped jade articles have been unearthed at the site of Hongshan Culture, Mencius' interpretation of Confucianism has generally been considered the orthodox version by
and each of them represents two fundamental themes-cirrus-shaped angles and minor convexi- subsequent Chinese philosophers, especially the Neo-Confucians of the Song dynasty. The Men-
ties. Combination of cirrus-shaped angles and minor convexities in different ways constitute the cius (also spelled Mengzi or Meng-tzu), a book of his conversations with kings of the time, is one
various patterns and designs of the cirrus-shaped jade articles of Hongshan Culture, which is best of the Four Books that Zhu Xi grouped as the core of orthodox Neo-Confucian thought. In contrast
demonstrated by the enormous blackish green jade dragon unearthed at Sanxingtala in 1971. The to the sayings of Confucius which are short and self-contained, the Mencius consists of long dialo-
dragon is 26 cm in height with the head of a swine and the body of a serpent, coiling like cirrus. the gues, including arguments, with extensive prose.
jade dragon of Sanxingtala is by far the earliest Chinese traditional dragon-shaped jade article
ever found.
Similar dragons were found later in Balin Right Banner and the Antiques Store of Liaoning Provin- Lao Zi (Warring states period)
ce. These cirrus-shaped jade articles can be classified into four types by analyzing their patterns
and designs: decorative articles, tools, animals and special ones, of which the hoop-shaped arti- 2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½
cles are among the typical pieces of the jade ware of Hongshan Culture. The association of the
shapes of these jade articles with their cultural context indicates that the special articles and the Technique: Engraved Unwmk
tools were made to meet the needs of religious ceremonies.
Designer: Yuan Xikun
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House
Sheet: 20 ** ∘
33
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € that studied both Mozi's philosophical and technical writings.
122. 80 f
His pacifism led Mozi to travel from one crisis zone to another through the ravaged landscape of
Laozi (Chinese: 老子; Pinyin: Lǎozǐ; Wade-Giles: Lao tzu; also Lao Tse, Laotze, Lao Zi, and other the Warring States, trying to dissuade rulers from their plans of conquest. According to the chapter
variations) was a philosopher of ancient China and an important figure in Taoism (also called Da - "Gongshu" in Mozi, he once walked for ten days to the state of Chu in order to forestall an attack
oism). Laozi literally means "Old Master" and is generally considered an honorific. According to on the state of Song. At the Chu court, Mozi engaged in simulated war games with Gongshu Ban,
Chinese tradition, Laozi lived in the 6th century BC. Many historians contend that Laozi actually li- the chief military strategist of Chu, and overturned each one of his stratagems. When Gongshu
ved in the 4th century BC, concurrent with the Hundred Schools of Thought and Warring States Ban threatened him with death, Mozi informed the king that his disciples had already trained the
Period, while others claim he is not a historical figure. Laozi was credited with writing the central soldiers of Song on his fortification methods, so it would be useless to kill him. The Chu king was
Taoist work the Daodejing (also called the Tao Te Ching), which was originally known simply by his forced to call off the war. On the way back, however, the soldiers of Song, not recognizing him,
name. Taishang Laojun is a title for Laozi in the Taoist religion, which refers to him as "One of the would not allow Mozi to enter their city, and he had to spend a night freezing in the rain.
Three Pure Ones". Though Mozi's school faded into obscurity after the Warring States period, he was studied again
There are many popular accounts of Laozi's life, though facts and myths are impossible to separa- two millennia after his death: Both the Republican revolutionaries of 1911 and the Communists
te regarding him. He is traditionally regarded as an older contemporary of Confucius, but modern saw in him a surprisingly modern thinker who was stifled early in Chinese history.
scholarship places him centuries later or questions if he ever existed as an individual. Laozi is re- In contrast to those of Confucius, Mozi's moral teachings emphasized self-reflection and authenti-
garded as the author of the Dao De Jing, though it has been debated throughout history whether city rather than obedience to ritual. He observed that we often learn about the world through ad -
he authored it. versity ("Embracing Scholars" in Mozi). By reflecting on one's own successes and failures, one at-
In legends, he was conceived when his mother gazed upon a falling star. It is said that he stayed tains true self-knowledge rather than mere conformity with ritual. ("Refining Self" in Mozi) Mozi
in the womb and matured for sixty-two years. He was born when his mother leaned against a plum exhorted the gentleman to lead a life of asceticism and self-restraint, renouncing both material and
tree. He emerged a grown man with a full grey beard and long earlobes, which are a sign of wis- spiritual extravagance.
dom and long life. Like Confucius, Mozi idealized the Xia Dynasty and the ancients of Chinese mythology, but he cri-
According to popular biographies, he worked as the Keeper of the Archives for the royal court of ticized the Confucian belief that modern life should be patterned on the ways of the ancients. After
Chou. This allowed him broad access to the works of the Yellow Emperor and other classics of the all, he pointed out, what we think of as "ancient" was actually innovative in its time, and thus sh-
time. Laozi never opened a formal school. Nonetheless, he attracted a large number of students ould not be used to hinder present-day innovation ("Against Confucianism, Part 3" in the Mozi).
and loyal disciples. There are numerous variations of a story depicting Confucius consulting Laozi Though Mozi did not believe that history necessarily progresses, as did Han Fei Zi, he shared the
about rituals. latter's critique of fate (Ming). Mozi believed that people were capable of changing their circums-
Laozi is said to have married and had a son named Tsung, who was a celebrated soldier. A large tances and directing their own lives. They could do this by applying their senses to observing the
number of people trace their lineage back to Laozi, as the T'ang Dynasty did. Many, or all, of the li- world, judging objects and events by their causes, their function, and their historical basis.
neages may be inaccurate. However, they are a testament to the impact of Laozi on Chinese cul- ("Against Fate, Part 3") This was the "three-prong method" Mozi recommended for testing the truth
ture. or falsehood of statements. His students later expanded on this to form the School of Logic.
Traditional accounts state that Laozi grew weary of the moral decay of the city and noted the king- Mozi tended to evaluate actions based on "benefit" (li) instead of the "humanity" (ren) advocated
dom's decline. At the age of 160, he ventured west to live as a hermit in the unsettled frontier. At by the Confucians. Similar to the Western utilitarians, Mozi thought that actions should be measu-
the western gate of the city, or kingdom, he was recognized by a guard. The sentry asked the old red by the way they contribute to the "greatest good of the greatest number". With this criterion
master to produce a record of his wisdom. The resulting book is said to be the Tao Te Ching. In Mozi denounced things as diverse as offensive warfare, expensive funerals, and even music and
some versions of the tale, the sentry is so touched by the work that he leaves with Laozi to never dancing, all of which he saw as serving no useful purpose. Mozi also tried to replace long-entren-
be seen again. Some legends elaborate further that the "Old Master" was the teacher of the ched Chinese family and clan structures with the concept of bo-ai which can be translated as "im-
Buddha, or the Buddha himself partial caring" or "universal love". In this, he argued directly against Confucians who had argued
that it was natural and correct for people to care about different people in different degrees. Mozi,
by contrast, argued that one should care for all people equally, a notion that philosophers in other
Zhuang Zi (Warring states period)
schools found absurd, as it would imply no special amount of care or duty towards one's parents
and family. Specifically, in the first chapter of the writings of Mozi on universal love, Mozi argues
2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½ that the best way of being filial to one’s parents is to be filial to the parents of others. The founda -
tional principle is that benevolence, as well as malevolence, is requited, and that one will be trea-
Technique: Engraved Unwmk ted by others as one treats others. One’s parents will be treated by others, as one treats the pa-
rents of others. Mozi argued that benevolence comes to human beings “as naturally as fire turns
Designer: Yuan Xikun upward or water turns downward”, provided that persons in position of authority illustrate benevo-
lence in their own lives. Mozi’s basic argument concerning universal love asserts that universal
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House love is supremely practical against those who object that it sounds good but cannot be put into
practice.
Sheet: 20 ** ∘ Mozi also held a belief in the power of ghosts and spirits, although he is often thought to have only
worshipped them pragmatically. That is, he thought that heaven, tian, should be respected becau-
123. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € se failing to do so would subject one to punishment. For Mozi, "tian" was not the amoral, mystical
Nature of the Taoists. Rather, it was a benevolent, moral force that rewarded the good and pu-
Zhuangzi (Traditional: 莊 子 ; Simplified: 庄 子 , Pinyin: Zhuāng Zǐ, Wade-Giles: Chuang Tzŭ, lit.
nished the evil, similar to the Christian idea of God. Thus he writes that "Bo-ai is the way of hea-
"Master Zhuang") was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BCE
ven (tian)", since "heaven nourishes and sustains all life without regard to status". ("Laws and Cus-
during the Warring States Period, corresponding to the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical
toms" in Mozi) Mozi's ideal of government, which advocated a meritocracy based on talent rather
summit of Chinese thought. His name is sometimes spelled Chuang Tsu, Chuang Tzu, Zhuang
than background, also followed his idea of "tian".
Tze, Chouang-Dsi, or Chuang Tse.
Zhuangzi allegedly lived during the reign of King Hui of Liang and King Xuan of Qi, in the span
from 370 to 301 BCE. Zhuangzi was from the Town of Meng (蒙城, Méng Chéng) in the State of Xuan Zi (Warring states period)
Song (now Shāngqiū 商邱, Henan). His given name was Zhou (周, Zhōu). He was also known as
Meng Official, Meng Zhuang, and Meng Elder ( 蒙 吏 , Méng Lì; 蒙 莊 , Méng Zhuāng, and 蒙 叟 , 2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½
Méng sǒu, respectively).
The Taoist book Zhuangzi (莊子) was named after its purported author. Since 742 CE, when Em- Technique: Engraved Unwmk
peror Xuanzong of Tang mandated honorific titles for Taoist texts, it has also been known as the
Nán huá zhēn jīng (南華眞經), literally meaning "True Classic of Southern (Cultural) Florescence," Designer: Yuan Xikun
alluding to the tradition that Zhuangzi came from South China.
The text is a composite of writings from various sources. The traditional view is that Zhuangzi him - Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House
self wrote the first seven chapters (the "inner chapters") and his students and related thinkers were
responsible for the other parts (the "outer" and "miscellaneous" chapters). Strong proof of direct Sheet: 20 ** ∘
authorship by Zhuangzi of any of the text is difficult. The recension by Guo Xiang (circa 300 CE) is
the basis for practically all extant editions of the Zhuangzi. 125. 2,80 $ Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 €
The inner chapters have great grammatical and conceptual coherence and are believed to have
been primarily written by one hand, even if not by Zhuangzi himself. Zhuangzi has been categori- Xun Zi (Traditional Chinese: 荀 子; Simplified Chinese: 荀 子; Hanyu Pinyin: Xún Zǐ; Wade-Giles:
zed as a "Taoist" by the Chinese tradition, but especially in the inner chapters, he stands out from Hsün Tzu, ca. 310–238 BCE) was a Chinese Confucian philosopher who lived during the Warring
the rest. States Period and contributed to one of the Hundred Schools of Thought. Xún Zǐ believed man is
innately evil or corrupt, counter to Mencius, and that ethical norms had been invented to rectify
mankind.
Mo Zi (Warring states period) Educated in the state of Qi, Xun Zi was associated with the Confucian school, but his philosophy
has a more pragmatic flavour compared to Confucian optimism; some scholars attribute it to the
2000, 11 Nov. Perf.: 12 x 11 ½ divisive times
Unlike the aphoristic style of the Analects and Mencius, Xun Zi wrote elaborately argued essays,
Technique: Engraved Unwmk which were collected into the book called Xunzi (we use a single word spelling to indicate the
book). These essays are often critical of competing schools, such as Daoism and Mohism, as well
Designer: Yuan Xikun as rival schools within Confucianism. Some of the more significant chapters are[2]:
• "Discussion of heaven (tian)" rejects the Mencian notion that heaven has a moral will.
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House Instead, Xun Zi asserts that heaven is simply the natural world; thus people should
focus on the human, social realm, rather than dealing with heavenly ideas.
Sheet: 20 ** ∘ • "Discussion of Ritual Propriety (li)," discusses rules of individual and social conduct
(decorum).
124. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € • "Dispelling Obsessions," being too focused on only one aspect of a situation, one of-
ten loses sight of the larger purpose.
Mozi (Chinese: 墨 子 ; Pinyin: Mòzǐ; Wade-Giles: Mo Tzu, Lat. as Micius, ca. 470 BCE–ca. 390
• "Proper Use of Terms" (Zhengming): A name becomes proper for a situation through
BCE), was a philosopher who lived in China during the Hundred Schools of Thought period (early
conventional usage, but once this is fixed, it is improper to deviate from these norms.
Warring States Period). He founded the school of Mohism and argued strongly against Confucia-
Thus he adopts a conventional view for the origin of the sound-to-meaning mapping,
nism and Taoism. During the Warring States Period, Mohism was actively developed and practiced
although the objects signified by the term remain real.
in many states, but fell out of favour when the legalist Qin Dynasty came to power. During that pe-
riod many Mohist classics were ruined when Qin Shihuang carried out the burning of books and • The term Zhengming often appears in the English literature as "The
burying of scholars. The importance of Mohism further declined when Confucianism became the Rectification of Names". This is a misleading transmission of the Chine-
dominant school of thought during the Han Dynasty, disappearing by the middle of the Western se meaning; because, in Chinese, the term is equivocal. Due to the na-
Han Dynasty. ture of the Chinese language, Chinese compound words (such as
Most historians believe that Mozi was a member of the lower artisan class who managed to climb Zhengming) can function equally well as nouns or verbs (when exami-
his way to an official post. He was a master engineer and craftsman, designing everything from ned from and English point of view). And, moroever, given that the
mechanical birds to wheeled, mobile "cloud ladders" used to besiege city walls (see Lu Ban). Th- constituent morphemes Zheng and Ming have a citation meaning of
ough he did not hold a high official position, Mozi was sought out by various rulers as an expert on "correct" and "name" respectively, the Zheng aspect of the compound
fortification, and managed to attract a large following during his lifetime which rivaled that of Confu- "Zheng-Ming" can either be functioning as a "stative verb" (meaning
cius. His followers – mostly technicians and craftspeople – were organized in a disciplined order that it functions more or less as an English "adjective"), or as a "causati-
34
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
ve verb" (in the sense that "to kill", when contrasted with "to die", can be
understood as "to cause to be dead"); as follows:
Mask of Sanxingdui
• Providing the implication that the name that is used to label the actual
state of affairs of the world has been adjusted so that a (previously
2001, 12 Oct. Perforation: 12
inappropriate) name/label has now been changed (and, thus, "correc-
ted" or "rectified") so that it now matches that state of affairs; or
• Provide the implication that the prevailing state of affairs of the world Technique: Engraved Unwmk
has been so adjusted that it has been "corrected" or "rectified" such that
it now matches the citation meaning of the designated name/label. Designer: Wang Huming
• "Human Dispositions are Detestable" (xing e): Rejects Mencius' claim
that people have a natural inclination toward goodness. Confucius, who Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Printing Works
simply said that people are similar by nature, was not clear on the mat-
ter. Xun Zi holds that man is naturally inclined towards selfishness and Sheet: 18 ** ∘
evil, and that if these inclinations are not curbed, human societies would
devolve into anarchy. He views morality as a social construct, emphasi- 129. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,70 €
zing the difference between nature and nurture. Sanxingdui (Chinese: 三星堆; Pinyin: Sānxīngduī; literally "Three star mound") (also seen locally
This last view engendered considerable debate over two centuries. spelled as Xanxingdui in Sichuan) is an ancient Chinese city where archaeologists discovered re-
His disciples Li Si (prime minister to the first Qin emperor) and the Han state royal Han Feizi deve- markable artifacts that radiocarbon dated circa 12th-11th centuries BCE, and Sanxingdui is the
loped the quasi-authoritarian aspects of his thought into the doctrine called the School of Law, or name given to this previously unknown Bronze Age culture. The museum is located near the city
Legalism. While Xun Zi was influential during Han times, his influence waned compared to Men- Guanghan, China.
cius during the Tang dynasty In 1929, a farmer unearthed a large stash of jade relics while digging a well, many of which found
their way through the years into the hands of private collectors. Generations of Chinese archaeolo-
gists searched the area without success until 1986, when workers accidentally found sacrificial pits
Theme: Homo erestus pekinensis containing thousands of gold, bronze, jade, and pottery artifacts that had been broken (perhaps ri-
tually disfigured), burned, and carefully buried. Researchers were astonished to find an artistic sty-
City: le that was completely unknown in the history of Chinese art, whose baseline had been the history
and artifacts of the Yellow River civilization(s).
Text: This ancient culture had remarkably advanced bronze casting technology which was acquired by
adding lead to the usual combination of copper and tin creating a stronger substance that could
CHN_PR_20001225 CONMEMORATIVE
create substantially larger and heavier objects; for instance, the world's oldest life-size standing
human statue (260 cm. high, 180 kilograms), and a bronze tree with birds, flowers, and ornaments
(396 cm.), which some have identified as renderings of the fusang tree of Chinese mythology. The
most striking finds were large bronze masks and bronze heads (some with gold foil masks) repre-
Jingshu bell (Western Zhou dinasty) sented with angular human features and exaggerated oblique eyes, some with protruding eye pu-
pils and large upper ears. Based upon the design of these heads, archaeologists believe they
2000, 31 Dec. Perf.: 12 were mounted on wooden supports or totems, perhaps dressed in clothing. Other bronze artifacts
include birds with eagle-like bills, tigers, a large snake, zoomorphic masks, bells, and what appe-
ars to be a bronze spoked wheel but is more likely to be decoration from an ancient shield. Apart
Technique: Engraved Unwmk from bronze, Sanxingdui finds included jade artifacts consistent with earlier Chinese neolithic cul-
tures, such as cong and zhang.
Designer: Huang Li and Guo Chenghui The Sanxingdui Culture was a mysterious civilization in southern China, which was in the kingdom
of Shu during the period of the Shang Dynasty. Although they developed a different method of
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House bronze-making from the Shang, their culture was never recorded by Chinese historians. Sanxing-
dui culture is thought to be divided into several phases. The first one may have been independent,
Sheet: 40 ** ∘
while the later phases merged with Ba, Chu, and other cultures.
Besides Sanxingdui, other archeological discoveries in Sichuan, including the Baodun and Jinsha
126. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,70 €
cultures, all indicate that civilizations in southern China go back at least 5,000 years. Such eviden-
ce of independent cultures in different regions of China defies the traditional theory that the Yellow
River was the sole "cradle of Chinese civilization."
Su chime bell (Spring and Autumn period)
2000, 31 Dec. Perf.: 12 Funeral mask of Tutankhamen
2001, 12 Oct. Perforation: 12
Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Designer: Huang Li and Guo Chenghui Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Printer: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing House Designer: Saeid El-Badrawy
Sheet: 40 ** ∘ Printer: Beijin Postage Stamp Printing Works
127. 80 f Multicolor 0,30 € 0,70 € Sheet: 18 ** ∘
Ε.Δ
Theme: Earth esre vase (Neolithic Majiayo)
City: Hermes - Mercury
Text: 1914, 24 Aug. Perforation:
CHN_PR_20010612 FDC
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
35
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
abated, continues. Colombia has been officially named the Republic of New Granada (1831-58),
the Grenadine Confederation (1858-61), the United States of New Granada (1861), the United
States of Colombia (1861-85) and the Republic of Colombia (since 1885).
CILICIA
Cilicia (1919-21)
Ovp #3
Ovp #2 Lansa Ovp #4
Ovp #1
Stamp-issuing status: inactive. A district of southern Turkey, northwest of Syria. Cilicia was occu- Avianca Lansa Avianca
pied by the British and French from Turkey in 1918. In 1919, France assumed sole control and in
1920 received the territory as a mandate from the League of Nations. In 1921, however, Turkish
forces expelled the French, and in 1923 France gave up its claims to the area. During 1919, Cilicia
used Palestinian stamps, and during 1919-21, the French regime issued overprinted stamps of
Turkey and France
Surch #1
Ovp ARQ #1 Ovp ARQ #2 Ovp ARQ #3
18 x 4 ½ mm. 15 x 3 ½ mm. Statue from San Agustin
Ovp ARQ #4
1941, 28 Jan. Perforation: 12 ñ
Obelisk of Theodosius in the Hippodrome Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Designer: Sheet: ** ∘
36
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
37
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Ornamental pectoral. Cauca culture 39. 1 P Grn blk & brick 0,30 € 0,20 €
38
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
39
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
40
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Tairona
Ritual figure. Quimbaya culture
1981, 17 Dec.
1988, 7 Oct. Perforation: 14 ñ
Perf.: 14 ñ
Technique: Litho Unwmk
Tech.: Litho
Designer:
Zoomorphic figure Unwmk
Printer: Carvajal, S.A
Sheet: ** ∘ Designer:
80. 70 $ Blue & gold 500.000 0,75 € 0,30 € Printer: Carvajal, S.A.
Sheet: ** ∘
Zipa Tisquesusa
85. 115 P Multicolor 0,75 € 0,25 €
1988, 28 Sep. Perforation: 14 ñ
Technique: Litho Unwmk Gold museum. Calima ¿?
ñ
41
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Sheet: ** ∘
Pectoral, Tairona
89. 90 P Multicolor 0,50 € 0,20 €
1998, 29 Jul. Perforation: 12
Winged fish Technique: Unwmk
1991, 24 Aug. Perforation: 12 ñ Designer: Mauricio Melo
Technique: Litho Unwmk Printer: Fesa, S.A.
Designer: Museo del Oro Sheet: ** ∘
Printer: Carvajal, S.A. 96. 500 P Red & gold 1,00 € 0,70 €
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer: Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Printer: Thomas Greg & sons Sheet: ** ∘
93. 400 P Multicolor 0,75 € 0,40 € 99. 800 $ Blue & gold 1,50 € 1,50 €
Designer: Perf.: 13 ½ x 14
Printer: Tech.: Litho
Sheet: ** ∘ Unwmk
Diadem
Pectoral
94. 400 P Multicolor 0,75 € 0,40 €
Designer:
Printer: Thomas Greg & sons Sheet: ** ∘
42
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Perf.: 13 ½ x 14
Tech.: Litho
Unwmk
Anthropomorphic pectoral Round Pectoral
Designer:
Printer: Thomas Greg & sons Sheet: ** ∘
San Agustin
2003, 29 Jun. Perforation: 12 ¼ Muisca raft in lake Guatavita. El Dorado legend.
gold work
2005
Perf.:
Tech.:
Unwmk
Designer: A. Fabrizo
Printer: Thomas Greg & Sons Sheet: 12 ** ∘
gold work
2005
Perf.:
Tech.:
Unwmk
Designer: A. Fabrizo
Printer: Thomas Greg & Sons Sheet: 12 ** ∘
Perforation:
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Lake Guatavita. El Dorado legend. Muisca culture Printer:
2004, 10 Mar. Perforation: 12 ¼ Technique: Offset Sheet: ** ∘
43
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
119. 1500 $ Multicolor 1,50 € 1,50 € 11. 25 c blue (’00) 5,75 € 4,50 €
120. 1500 $ Multicolor 1,50 € 1,50 € 12. 30 c brn /slate 17,00 € 11,00 €
a Inv inscription
6. 10 c red (’00) 2,00 € 0,90 € Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 2,583,198. A republic on the north bank of the Congo Ri -
ver, in west central Africa. After 1963, the Congo government alligned itself with both the Soviet
7. 15 c blue, quadr paper 32,50 € 8,75 € Union and China. U.S. relations, severed in 1965, were restored in 1977. In 1990, Maoism was re-
gray (’00) nounced, and opposition parties were legalized. The official name of the country, changed to the
8. 15 c 5,00 € 3,50 €
People's Republic of the Congo in 1970, was changed back to the Republic of the Congo. A demo-
9. 20 c red /grn 14,00 € 8,50 € cratically elected government came to power in 1992. During 1997, the country was torn by ethnic
and regional civil war.
10. 25 c blk /pink 15,00 € 8,50 €
44
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Dzeke (shell) Okengo (iron bar) Gallic coin 60 BC Roman denarius 37 12. 35 F Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
BC
13. 50 F Multicolor 0,35 € 0,20 €
Ancient coins
14. 60 F Multicolor 0,40 € 0,20 €
1975, 5 Oct. Perf.: Multicolor 0,60 € 0,30 €
15. 95 F
9. 85 F Multicolor 0,40 € 0,25 € Stamp-issuing status: inactive. The major island of the Ionian Islands, off the western coast of Gre-
ece in the Ionian Sea. Corfu, under Greek control since 1864, was occupied by Italy in 1923 and
1941-43. Stamps of Italy and Greece were overprinted by the Italians for use on the island.
Theme: Ancient coins
City: Brazzaville
Text: Monnaies / anciennes
Ovp #1
COG_19751005 FDC 1,00 €
45
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
# 1 Contest with bull # 5 Coin of the # 6 Battle of Salamis # 19 Triptolomeus king of # 21 Phrixos and Helle on
# 13 Isis
Amphictyonic league Eleusis the Ram flying on the
Hellesponto
Mithological
1941, 5 Jun. Perforation: Diverse ñ Technique:
Unwmk Designer:
Print: Sheet: ** ∘
# 8 Battle of Salamis # 9 Chariot of # 10 Alexander the Great
Panathenaics Festival at Battle of Issos 12. 1 D red 222,25 € 90,00 €
1.. 5 l brn red & blu 2,25 € 2,25 € 20 50 D violet 40,00 € 24,00 €
a Inverted ovp 30,00 € 20,00 € Stamp-issuing status: inactive. The northeast province of Argentina, Corrientes issued its own
stamps until 1880, when they were replaced by regular Argentine issues.
7. 80 l yell brn 1,25 € 2,00 €
a Oily impresions
46
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Impressions constituting a sheet. Some impressions were imprint inverted tete beche
pairs may be cut from adjacent impressions.
Since Jan. 1 a Feb. 24, 1864, No. 4 was used as a 5 centavos stamp but copies so used
can only be distinguished when they bear dated cancellations.
El reprints show numerous spots and small defects which are not found in the origi-
nals. They are imprinted in blue gray, dark blue, greenish gray, dark orange and light
magenta papers.
The reprints which were made later with the original plates, in addition to all the cha-
racteristics of each of the eight types, have additional ones mentioned below for each
type and which are helpful in identification. It should be noted that I have found some
of the reprint traits in what I believe to be genuine examples of the later issues, so
these traits are not necessarily conclusive by themselves. The type of paper and gum
are also important considerations to determine whether one is in the presence of a re-
print or an original issue.
In addition the orientation of each of the four groups of eight within the sheets can Type 4, Type 5, Type 6,
vary, in what is known as the “disposition”. There are essentially five known disposi- “CORRIENTES” is larger The bottom of the lower The second leg of the “R”
tions overall, named I through V. Each of the different Corrientes issues is generally than in the other types, right lined triangle edges touches the frame below
only found in one to three group compositions and one or two sheet dispositions. the “O” lightly touches the upward, the last four let- it, the bottom part of the
frame below it. ters are separated, the “S” hair is like an inverted “T”.
Reprints: dot in the greek lightly touches the frame Reprints: three dots in the
design on the lower right below it. mid right part of the cen-
angle, two white dots in Reprints: dot in the top ter circle, dot in the upper
the upper right striped cor- right side of the head, no part of the “O”.
ner, protrusion from head point after the second “E”,
(found in some original la- top frame interrupted twi-
ter issues as well), dot in ce, line joining mid and lo-
the greek design on the wer traces of the first “E”,
upper left angle. teeth marks in the lower
right outside frame.
Type 7, Type 8,
The top edge is convex, there is a dark The top edge is convex, there is a dark
dot in the tope right margin (not seen dot in the tope right margin (not seen
clearly on this example), the top line of clearly on this example), the top line of
the eye (below the eyebrow) is shorter. the eye (below the eyebrow) is shorter.
Reprints: dot at the base of the last line Reprints: dot at the base of the last line
of the vertical stripes in the upper right of the vertical stripes in the upper right
corner, dot in the white line below the corner, dot in the white line below the
upper right flower, dot in the northwest upper right flower, dot in the northwest
dot of the same flower, dot in the second dot of the same flower, dot in the second
vertical line of the “N”. vertical line of the “N”.
Forgeries.
Corrientes 3 c blue – Sheet disposition III Reprints of Corrientes were made in 1879 and later, using the original block. The first
reprint was on diverse colored papers: muted blue, green blue, light grayish green,
(The two sides are looking away from each other) orange and lilac rose. All were printed in Composition 2A. The sheets can be recogni-
zed because type number 7 is exactly below type 3 above, whereas in the original
Composition 2A type 3 is 1 mm to the left of type 7. The printing coarseness is very
variable within sheets, from fine to very coarse. The gum is white. Half the stamps
have a control stamp on the reverse, dated September 1879. We have provided preci-
se descriptors for each type in the reprints to differentiate them from the originals (Po-
desta and Elkin) in the section on Corrientes Issues.
There were subsequent reprints again in Composition 2A, on transparent paper of dif-
ferent colors: sky blue, grey, violet blue, yellow-green, green, bluish-green, orange,
ochre, yellow, lilac rose, lilac, rose, salmon, magenta and solferino. Once again the co-
arseness varies within the sheets, but the cliches show evidence of being more worn.
The quality of the paper is important to differentiate them from the originals. Some re-
prints are found with fake cancels.
47
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
There are also plenty of fake cancels, and of adulterated #1 blue stamps to make 10. 10 C Ovp 1 on stamp # 6 8,00 € 8,00 €
them look like the expensive #2, where the value was originally crossed out using a
primitive goose feather pen.
Iris
1941, 2 Jun. Perforation: 12 ñ
Technique: Unwmk
COSTA RICA Designer:
(1863-)
Printer: American Bank Note Company
Sheet: ** ∘
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 3,534,174. A republic in Central America, located betwe-
en Nicaragua and Panama. Under Spain until 1821, Costa Rica's subsequent history has been 11. 65 c Ovp 2 on stamp # 3 1,50 € 1,10 €
mostly peaceful, enabling it to develop a relatively high standard of living. Still chiefly an agricultu-
12. 1,40 C Ovp 2 on stamp # 4 4,00 € 3,50 €
ral country, Costa Rica finds tourism an increasingly important industry.
13. 5 C Ovp 2 on stamp # 5 7,50 € 6,50 €
Ovp #3 Iris
Ovp #2
1943, 15 Sep Perforation: 12 ñ
Technique: Unwmk
Ovp #4
Designer:
Ovp #6
Ovp #5
Printer: American Bank Note Company
Sheet: ** ∘
Ovp #7
15. 5 C Ovp 3 on stamp # 5 2,50 € 2,50 €
Surch #3
Surch #1 Iris
Surch #2 1944 Perforation: 12 ñ
Athens Technique: Unwmk
48
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Print: Sheet: 1 ** ∘
Pre-columbian art
1964, 9/15 Oct. Perforation: 12 Technique: Photo
Unwmk Designer:
#33 Male figure #34 Ceremonial #35 Ceramic vase #36 Ancestral
dancer figure Print: National Print of Austria, Sheet: ** ∘
Vienna
Pre-columbian art
#39 Sixlimbed 1964, 22 Nov. Perforation: 12
#37 Frog #38 Bell
figure
#40 Seated man ñ
Technique: Photo Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: National Print of Austria, Vienna
Sheet: ** ∘
#41 Bird shaped #44 Twintailed #45 Figure under Pre-columbian art
jug lizard arch #46 Polished stone
figure 1965, 14 Aug Perforation: 12 ñ
Technique: Photo Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: National Print of Austria, Vienna
Sheet: ** ∘
49
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Pre-columbian art
1965, 14 Aug Perf.: 12 ñ
Tech.: Photo Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: National Print of Austria,
Vienna
Sheet: ** ∘
54. 55 c Blk & brn 0,20 € 0,20 € 61. 6 C Multicolor 0,25 € 0,20 €
55. 60 c Blk, buff & ver 0,20 € 0,20 € a Perf. 10 ½ 0,25 € 0,20 €
50
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
# 5 Two legged
Designer:
pot. ** ∘
Printer: Sheet:
69. 8 C Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € 81. 60 C Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
70. 8 C Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € 82. 60 C Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
71. 8 C Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € 83. 60 C Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
72. 8 C Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € 84. 60 C Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
73. 8 C Multicolor 0,30 € 0,20 € 85. 60 C Multicolor 0,45 € 0,20 €
74. 15 C Multicolor 0,60 € 0,20 € Strip of 5 #81 - 85 2,25 € 1,10 €
75. 15 C Multicolor 0,60 € 0,20 €
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
1,10 €
∘
0,30 €
RETHYMNON
(1899)
During 1898-1914, various stamps were issued by the Powers for use in their districts of Crete, in-
cluding Britain (1898-99), Russia (1899), Austria (1903-14), France (1903-13) and Italy (1900-12).
Jaguar Bat
51
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Nearly all de #1 - 33 may be found without control mark, con double control marks y
Poseidon's trident en various colours. Counterfeits exist
1899, 27 May. Perforation: 11 ½
Technique: Litho Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Without Stars at
Sides
10. 2 m yellow 960 80,00 € 60,00 € Circular control mark Without control mark
16. 1 Gr green 960 80,00 € 60,00 € On 10 March 1905, the rebels gathered in Theriso and declared "the political union of Crete with
Greece as a single free constitutional state"; the resolution was given to the Great Powers, where
17. 1 Gr yellow 960 80,00 € 60,00 € it was argued that the illegitimate provisional arrangement was preventing the island's economic
growth and that the only logical solution to the "Cretan Question" was the unification with Greece.
18. 1 Gr rose 960 80,00 € 60,00 € The High Commissioner, with the approval of the Great Powers, replied to the rebels that military
force would be used against them. However, more deputies joined with Venizelos in Theriso. The
19. 1 Gr violet 960 80,00 € 60,00 € Great Powers' consuls met with Venizelos in Mournies in an attempt to achieve an agreement, but
without any results.
20. 1 Gr blue 960 80,00 € 60,00 €
23. 1 m rose 6.393 50,00 € 40,00 € Stamp-issuing status: inactive; Population: 335,000 (1910 estimate). A large island in the Aegean
Sea, Crete was a province of Turkey from the 15th century. Continuous religious civil strife betwe-
24. 1 m green 6.399 24,00 € 15,00 € en the Christian and Muslim natives provided an excuse for the Great Powers to intervene in the
island's affairs in 1898. In 1899, the island was declared an autonomy under Prince George of
25. 1 m violet 6.400 24,00 € 15,00 € Greece. In 1908, the Cretan Assembly voted for union with Greece, which finally occurred in 1913.
Crete used Turkish stamps until 1899. Stamps of Crete were used until 1913, when Greek stamps
26. 2 m blue 4.864 7,00 € 5,25 € came into use.
29. 2 m violet 3.200 7,00 € 5,25 € Ovp #1 (red & Ovp #2 Ovp #4
black)
30. 1 Gr blue 1.440 4,50 € 3,25 € Small ΕΛΛΑΣ Gothic ΕΛΛΑΣ
“Provisional”
31. 1 Gr rose 1.556 4,50 € 3,25 €
52
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Ovp #5
Large ΕΛΛΑΣ
6. 2 D Brown 5.000 9,00 € 7,75 € 10. 50 l Ovp 1 (B) on stamp # 2 2,00 € 1,25 €
In Greek mythology, Minos (in Greek Μίνως, genitive Μίνω) was a mythical king of Crete, son of 11. 1 D Ovp 1 (B) on stamp # 5 12,50 € 4,50 €
Zeus and Europa. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in Hades. The Minoan civili-
zation has been named after him. By his wife, Pasiphaë, he fathered Ariadne, Androgeus, Deuca- a Inv. Ovpt 450,00 € 450,00 €
lion, Phaedra, Glaucus, Catreus, Acacallis, and many others.
Minos, along with his brothers, Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon, was raised by King Asterion (or As- 12. 2 D Ovp 1 (B) on stamp # 6 22,50 € 22,50 €
terius) of Crete. When Asterion died, he gave his throne to Minos, who banished Sarpedon and
(according to some sources) Rhadamanthys too.
It is not clear if Minos is a name or if it was the Cretan word for "King". Scholars have noted the in-
teresting similarity between Minos and the names of other ancient founder-kings, such as Menes
of Egypt, Mannus of Germany, Manu of India, and so on. There is a name in Linear A mi-nu-te that
may be related to Minos
53
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
54
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Sheet: ** ∘
Mount Ida
1905, 2 Feb. Perforation: 14 ½
Technique: Engr Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
55
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
PS05 Hermes
PS07 Hermes
1908, 6 Oct. 1909.
Print:
Print:
10 l brn red
10 l brn red
** ∘
** ∘
35,00 € 50,00 €
20,00 € 12,00 €
56
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
PS10 Hermes
PS08 Hermes
1912, 20 Apr.
1909.
Print:
Print:
5 l on 10 l brn red
10 l brn red
** ∘
** ∘
30,00 € 130,00 €
20,00 € 12,00 €
** ∘ ** ∘
PS12 Vritomartis
1912
Print:
5l
** ∘
CROATIA, GERMAN
OCCUPATION
46. 5 l Ovp #5 on #17 0,45 € 0,25 € 1. 24+12 k Rose red 339.260 0,35 € 0,90 €
a Imperf. 9,00 €
47. 10 l Ovp #5 on #24 0,85 € 0,25 €
57
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
58
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
to be buried, particularly church dignitaries. The entire locality was given the name Manastirine (in
the local dialect the name is derived from the word monastery). Following the acceptance of Chris-
Discovered of Krapina's tianity as a recognized and tolerated religion after the edict of Milan in 313, the locality turned into
Neanderthals and Dragutin one of the main Christian centres of old Salona. Within its walls a cathedral was built, and outside
Gorjanovic-Kramberger the city a number of basilicas where martyrs used to be buried and furtively worshipped. On the
Manastirine locality, in the place of the earlier, more modest chapels, the so called memories, a
1999, 23 Aug. Perf.: 14 magnificent basilica was built around which a spacious graveyard was spread. After the destruc-
tion of Salona at the beginning of the 7th century, the basilica at Manastirine had also fallen into
Tech: Offset Unwmk ruin, though it never stopped being remembered as the place of the burial of the bishop and martyr
Domnius. At the beginning of the 7th century, fearing the advent of barbarians, the relics of the
Designer: Nikola Šiško martyrs from Salona were transferred to Rome. But the inhabitants of Split, the settlement that de-
veloped next to the nearby Diocletian’s palace, have never forgotten the Christian tradition of
Printer: AKD - Hrvatski tiskarski za- Salona. The legends from Split render the transfer of the bodies of St.Domnius and St. Anastasius
vod to Split. Since the Early Middle Ages, St. Domnius was worshipped as the patron saint of Split.
The Split cathedral was originally a pagan temple, where Emperor Diocletian was probably buried,
Sheet: 20 ** ∘ but now, at the two altars with two sepulchres, the bodily relics of the two martyrs from Salona are
being worshipped. Since the Middle Ages up to our times St. Domnius and St. Anastasius have
6. 1,80 K Multicolor 350.000 0,50 € 0,50 € been central topics of the religious and cultural life of Split. Numerous pages in Latin, Italian and
Croatian have been written about these two saints. Furthermore, many compositions, prayers,
7. 4 K Multicolor 350.000 0,50 € 0,50 € hymns, even an oratorio have been written, and St. Domnius has got mentioned in many epitaphs.
His cult has spread outside Split. Special attention, naturally, has been paid to the saints’ tombs –
Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, the well-known Croatian natural scientist, geologist and palaeon- altars in the cathedral. St. Domnius’s tomb has been built by master Bonino from Milan in 1427,
tologist, discovered "strange bones" in the excavations of sand on the location called Brieg Hušn- while the other one, St. Anastasius’s, was carved in stone by Georgius Dalmaticus (Juraj Dalmat-
jakovo in Krapina. The remains that he found were some bones of the primitive man, traces of a fi- inac) in 1448. St. Anastasius is presented with the millstone, the attribute of his martyrdom. On the
replace, flint-stone artefacts and numerous bones of antedeluvian animals - all of these findings other hand, St. Domnius is presented in many pictures in his bishop’s attire, with a palm branch in
proving that this pre-historic site originated from an exceptionally great, Pleistocene Age. Immedia- his hand indicating the glory of martyrdom. Frequently we find St. Domnius holding the city of Split
tely following the first excavations of the Krapina site, which lasted up to 1905, after a universal in his palm, often depicted very authentically. As a matter of fact, genuine cities must necessarily
elaboration and research of precious findings, Gorjanović-Kramberger decided that these palaeon- have their patron saints, and Split is actually looking after his earthly relics. The Split bishopric has
tological and archaeological remains originate from the Paleolithic, the Old Stone Age, and that in the course of time been raised to the status of archbishopric, thus inheriting the traditions of the
they belong to the Neanderthal man who lived here in the great Last Interglacial Age, or, as we one from the times of Salona. Moreover, the Split archbishops used to have the title of the primate
presently know, at the time reaching 130 thousand years back. The collection of the early man of Croatia. The long tradition of Split is veritably remarkable, and it is no wonder that the citizens of
from Krapina is the greatest palaeontological collection ever accumulated at some Neanderthal Split are proud of their patron saint.
habitat, and this is the source of a great amount of scientific information on pre-historic European
people. The collection includes remains of various body fragments, from skull bones to feet bones.
Almost nine hundred bones, more or less complete, belonged to tens of different individuals, male Theme: Martyrdom of Dt. Domnius
or female persons of different ages. Together with the human remains of the early man, the collec -
tion also contains remnants of stone artefacts, most often flint scrapers and small knives that could City: Zagreb
be ascribed to the Mousterian Neanderthal culture. Numerous bones of extinct animals prove that
there were many changes in the environment, but they also mean that the Neanderthal man was a Text: 1700 Godina Od Mucenicke Smrti / Svetoga Duj-
skilful hunter and nomad. The Krapina collection of the early man is placed in the Dragutin Gorja- ma
nović-Kramberger's Geological-palaeontological Department of the Croatian Natural Sciences Mu-
seum and is definitely the most precious holding of Croatian natural and cultural heritage as well HRV_20040507 FDC 3,00 €
as part of the world heritage. Together with other findings in Central Europe, the collection can pro-
ve many regional features of evolution of European pre-historic men within the time range of al-
most 2000 years. Considering the data obtained from the multitude of patterns, the Neanderthal
men from Krapina within this framework represents the pivotal link and bases for the scientific con- Sculture of Livia Drusila (14-21 AD) from
cepts about the men from the geological past. Narona (Naro)
Text: Stota obljetnica otrica krapinskog pracovjeka / Designer: Maja Danica Pečanić
Filatelisticka izlozba
Printer: "Zrinski" - Čakovec
HRV_19990823_1 CONMEMORATIVE 3,00 €
Sheet: 1 ** ∘
9. 10 K Multicolor 20.000
Theme: Neanderthals from Krapina
City: Krapina
Text: 100 obljetnica otrica krapinskog pracovjeka
HRV_19990823_2 FDC 3,00 €
59
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
the Neretva river delta (Roman Naro, Greek Naron), on the very spot where the Roman forum of chart from the 16th century presented marked traits of Burnum as the ancient locality, but it did not
the Narona colony was to be built in the last decades of the first century BC. This place was of reach archeological interest until the 19th century, when it occupied the attention of renowned Cro-
strategic importance for the communication from the Adriatic toward the hinterland of the ancient atian archaeologists, father Lujo Marun and father Frane Bulić. The first excavations were conduc-
province of Dalmatia, as far as the rivers Sava and Danube. Narona was probably given the status ted by Austrian archeologists.
of colonia, a colony, by the emperor Augustus, though there is another rather well founded opinion The camp gained its final shape during the reign of Claudius around 50 A.D. Legio XI Claudia Pia
that it had already been a Julian colony, i.e. earlier than 27 BC. The city walls with towers were Fidelis left the camp some times between A.D. 42 and 67, probably A.D. 56-57 and was succee-
preserved. A number of partially explored country houses, (villae rusticae) in the immediate vicinity ded by Legio IIII Flavia Felix.
of the city walls show a considerable degree of interior decoration. The necropolis (burial grounds) According to some sources, a rebellion of Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus against the em-
from this early ancient period was not investigated, though many Roman Latin epitaphs were pre- peror Claudius AD 42 was started at this camp as well. After the last Roman legions had left the
served. The most impressive building on the wide forum is the Augusteum, discovered and exca- camp, it developed into a settlement of urban type.
vated in 1995 and 1996, at the locality of the former Plećaš’s barn. This small temple, with a cella The camp was completely destroyed when the emperor Justinian attempted to take it back from
and propyleaeum, on a raised plateau next to the forum, exactly at the spot where the Lower and the Ostrogoths in the 6th Century.
Upper city meet, had been erected for emperor Augustus round 10 BC. This is also the time when
the first statues in its interior with a simple black and white mosaic-covered floor had been erected.
These statues were erected on a constructed pedestal. It can be concluded that the Augusteum Theme: Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger
was destroyed in the late fourth century. The whole of the forum complex was already deserted.
Some Christian basilicas were constructed in the Lower city. The Augusteum at Narona, with its 15 City: Zagreb
preserved large statues out of, probably, the total of more than 20, represents the most numerous
group of Roman imperial statues that have been ever found. Beside the statue of Livia from the Text: 150 Obljetnica Rodenja / Draguntina Gorjanovica
Augustan period, by the new discovery of the head and torso join – shown on the Croatian Post Krambergera
postage stamp – another statue of Livia was also discovered, this one from the Tiberian period, 14
– 21 AD. The statue is 184 cm high/tall. The torso is made from Pentelic marble and the head Pa- HRV_20060330 CONMEMORATIVE 3,00 €
rian. Livia Drusilla, born in 58 BC, died in AD 29, was first married to the Roman military leader Ti-
berius Claudius Nero and was the mother of emperor Tiberius and the military leader Nero Clau-
dius Drusus. In 38 BC she married Octavianus, the future emperor Augustus. The imperial gover - Theme: Dragutin Gorjanovic-
nor (pro-praetor) of the province of Dalmatia, Publius Cornelius Dolabella simultaneously erected Kramberger
two statues in Narona, the statue of Tiberius and the one of Livia, the latter now known under the
name “Oxford-Opuzen Livia”. Livia as the emperor’s mother had been highly honoured, more than City: Krapina
she had been in the Augustan period. When she was finally deified at the time of Claudius in AD
41, her cult in Narona has been built up even more, as a matter of fact two inscriptions from that Text: Dragutin Gorjanovic-
time mention her priest as sacerdos Divae Augustae. Livia’s cult in Narona, even before this disco- Kramberger / Hrvatski geolog i
very, was attested by inscriptions as well as the portrait exhibited at the Ashmolean Museum in
Oxford that was acquired for the museum by Sir Arthur Evans in Metković in 1878, (it was previ-
paleontolog / 150 Obljetnica
ously noted by Mihovil Glavinić in 1874). The marble head of Livia from the Ashmolean Museum, Rodenja / Filatelisticka izlozba
University of Oxford, has been on a several-year loan to the Archaeological Museum in Split where
it had been exhibited since December 18, 2000, thanks to the museum board, the Visitors of the HRV_20061025 CONMEMORA 3,00 €
Ashmolean Museum, and their director Dr Christopher Brown and the curator Professor Doctor Mi- TIVE
chael Vickers. By this generous contribution to the evaluation of Livia’s portrait and statue, the co-
llaboration of the two museums has been pointed out, the collaboration between the oldest British
and north-western European museum Oxford, and the one in Split, the oldest Croatian and south- Theme: Emperor Valens
eastern European one. Endeavouring to find the torso that would correspond to the Oxford head
has lasted for a long time and caused great media attention, both in Croatia and Britain. In the City: Vinkovci
London The Times four articles were written by Norman Hammond, professor at Boston University
and The Times archaeology correspondent: How a murderous matriarch lost her head, October Text: Rimski Car Valens / 328-378
25, 2000; Oxford thrilled by headless torso discovery, November 22, 2000; Two heads of Livia are
better than one, April 4, 2001; Body of evidence resolves the mystery of Livia’s head, June 20, HRV_20081222 CONMEMORATIVE 3,00 €
2001 On January 22, 2001 it was undoubtedly attested that the join of the Oxford head and the tor-
so of the statue that was kept in Opuzen was perfect. The Opuzen torso was discovered earlier
than the year 1847 in Narona, most probably together with another statue, the one of Tiberius, la -
ter attested to have come from the Augusteum. The torso was first mentioned by Sir Gardner Wil- Theme: Amphitheater Pula (Colonia Pietas Iulia
kinson who had seen it in Opuzen and wrote about it in 1848. The director of the Archaeological Pola Pollentia Herculanea)
Museum in Split, Mihovil Glavinić, who noted the heads of Livia and Mercury in the autumn of
1874, also saw the torso in the same year. The statues were transferred to Opuzen in 1847 or City: Pula
some time earlier under the direction of the prefect of the district Anđelo Vidović and placed in his
house in Opuzen. Owing to the fact that the town of Opuzen had already lent the torso to the Ar- Text: 60 Godina / Filatelistickog / Drustva / “Arena”
chaeological Museum in Split, the “new” statue of the Oxford-Opuzen Livia was also displayed in
this museum on May 14, 2002. This statue was presented to the wider Croatian and European pu- Pula
blic owing to the great project of the Narona Augusteum exhibition that was realized by Emilio Ma-
HRV_20091009 CONMEMORATIVE 3,00 €
rin, the leader of the excavations in Narona from 1988 to 2004. The exhibitions were accompanied
by four catalogues. The exhibition in Split, The Augusteum at Narona – the Siesta of the Narona
Emperors in Split was held from May 4 to June 15 2004. The Oxford exhibition The Rise and Fall
of an Imperial Shrine – Roman sculptures from the Augusteum at Narona was held from July 6 to
October 17 2004, the one in Barcelona Divo Augusto – La descoberta d’un temple roma a Croacia
– El descubrimiento de un templo romano en Croacia from November 4, 2004 to January 30,
2005. In Vatican the exhibition L’Augusteum di Narona – Roma al di la dell’Adriatico is held from
CUBA
February 22 to May 18 2005. In Zagreb the exhibition will be shown in the Gliptoteka HAZU (the
museum of the Croatian Academy of Arts and Sciences) from June 10 to December 31 2005. In
this way the Oxford-Opuzen Livia from Narona has turned into an excellent ambassador of Croa- (1855-)
tian archaeology and a good will ambassador between Croatia and Great Britain.
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 10,999,041. The largest island of the West Indies, loca-
ted south of Florida. Under Spanish rule from 1511-1898, Cuba was the scene of intense revolutio-
PS1 Pula, nary activity after 1868. In 1898, the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor precipitated the
Colonia Spanish-American War, which ended with the U.S. assuming trusteeship of the island. In 1902, the
Pietas Iulia Cuban republic became independent, although the United States actively intervened in Cuban af-
Pola fairs until the 1930s. In 1959 a liberal guerrilla movement, led by Fidel Castro, overthrew the re-
Pollentia pressive government of Fulgencio Batista, who had ruled Cuba since 1952. Castro, influenced by
his brother Raul and Che Guevera, soon began to purge the revolution of its non-Marxist ele-
Herculanea ments. The regime nationalized foreign holdings and began the program of collectivization that
took most of the agricultural sector out of private hands. A large number of Cubans preferred exile
2005, 1 Apr. to the new order, and many hundreds of thousands have fled the island, most settling in the United
States. Castro linked Cuban policy closely with that of the Soviet Union, which soon established a
Print: strong military presence on the island. U.S.-Cuban relations deteriorated rapidly. In 1961, the Uni-
ted States backed an abortive invasion by a Cuban exile force, and in 1962 the discovery of nucle -
ar missiles at Soviet bases in Cuba brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of
war. The United States imposed a total trade embargo on Cuba in 1962, which was supported by
** ∘ the Organization of American States in 1963. In the years since, the Castro regime has improved
the standard of living in Cuba and has largely overcome illiteracy. Long dependent on massive So-
3,00 € viet economic support, the Cuban economy was badly shaken when the collapse of the Soviet
Union in the late 1980s ended economic aid. Tightened U.S. trade restrictions in 1992 and 1996
have made matters worse. Increasing popular discontent has forced the government to take steps
to liberalize the economy and to loosen some restrictions on emigration. The U.S. Treasury De-
Theme: Burnum municipium partment prohibits the importation of Cuban postage stamps into the United States through the
mail.
City: Kistanje
Text: 100 Godina Poste u Kistanjama / Ostaci Rinskog
Burnama
HRV_20060330 CONMEMORATIVE 2,00 €
Burnum is also popularly called Hollow Church (Šuplja Crkva) or Trojan's Town (Trojanov Grad).
The remains include a praetorium and the foundations of several rooms. Only two of the original
five arches have been preserved (at the end of the 18th c. Alberto Fortis mentioned three of them).
The Roman writer Plinius wrote about Burnum, as "fortress distinguished in wars". The Pagana
60
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Wood-carved throne
Wmk #1 Wmk #2 Wmk #3 Wmk #4
Sheet: ** ∘
6. 2 c Org & red brn 0,70 € 0,20 €
1. 10 c Deep claret 3,25 € 1,40 €
7. 3 c Ultra & red brn 0,80 € 0,30 €
a Imperf. 6,00 € 2,50 €
8. 9 c Rose & gray 1,50 € 0,50 €
Atlacatl
Portait from El Fayum
1937, 13 Oct. Perforation: 10 ñ
1966, 31 Mar. Perforation: 12 ½
Technique: Engr Wmk 2
Technique: Wmk 3
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
** ∘ Printer:
Sheet:
Sheet: ** ∘
3. 10 c Blue 4,50 € 4,50 €
9. 13 c Multicolor 2,50 € 0,80 €
“El Castillo” Chichen Itza
1937, 13 Oct. Perforation: 10 ñ
Technique: Engr Wmk 2
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Unwmk Designer:
Print: Sheet: ** ∘
61
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Swords combat
Ancient mail
1969, 2 Oct. systems
Perf.: 12 ½ 1984, 24 Apr.
Tech.: Perf.: 12 ½
Egyptian Roman
Unwmk Tech.:
Designer: Chasqui Egyptian Unwmk
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ Designer:
19. 1 c Multicolor 3,25 € 1,40 € Printer: Sheet: ** ∘
#1 Ambrosio Cave, #3 Pichardo Cave, #4 Ambrosio Cave, #6 Garcia Ribiou Medicine man Potter
Playing ball Net and spear
Varadero, Matanzas Cubitas, Camagüey Varadero, Matanzas Cave, Havana preparing calumet fishing
Mountains and other ritual
items
62
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Tonosi lidded ceramic bowl Ruins at Machu-Picchu and Teepees and triangular
Ancient mail system
and Barriles monoliths. Inca statue sculpture
1985, 24 Apr. Perforation: 12 ½
Precolumbian cultures
Technique: Unwmk
1986, 12 Oct. Perforation: 13
Designer:
Technique: Unwmk
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
35-I. 20 c Multicolor 0,70 € 0,30 € Fertility statue from Santa
Ana and Santo Domingo Sheet: ** ∘
Cave.
San Agustin Archaeologic- Moler grinding stone and Tabaco idol and Indian
al Park megaliths and Chorotega ceramic figurine dwelling
Quimbayan sculpture Hatuey Indian of Cuba Enriquillo Indian of the
Calarca Indian of Colombia
Dominican Republic
63
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Nicarao Indian of
Lempira indian of Cuauhtemoc Indian of Nicaragua
Honduras Mexico.
Great wall
1995, 28 Aug. Perforation: 13 Technique:
Atahualpa Indian of Peru Atlacatl Indian of El Abayuba, indian of Ur-
Salvador uguay
Unwmk Designer:
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Guaycaypuro, indian of
Venezuela Sheet: ** ∘
54. 1 c Multicolor 0,20 € 0,20 € Lighthouse of Alexandria Pyramids of Egypt Gardens of Babylon
0,70 € 0,30 €
Designer:
65. 20 c Multicolor
64
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
CYPRUS
take the head down and bury it, and to make annual sacrifice to Onesilaos as a hero, saying that it
would be better for them if they did this. The Amathusians did as they were told and still perform
these rites in my day." (Histories 5.114)
About 385-380 B.C. the philhellene Evagoras of Salamis was similarly opposed by Amathus, in
(1880-) conjunction with Citium and Soli; and even after Alexander the city resisted annexation, and was
bound over to give hostages to Seleucus.
Its political importance now ended, but its temple of Adonis and Aphrodite (Venus Amathusia) re-
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 752,808. A large island in the eastern Mediterranean. Cy- mained famous in Roman time. The epithet Amathusia in Roman poetry often means little more
prus was a Turkish possession from 1571 to 1878. In 1878, the British occupied the island, for- than "Cypriote," attesting however the fame of the city.
mally annexing it in 1914. Tension between Greek and Turkish elements, each of which sought The wealth of Amathus was derived partly from its grain partly from its copper mines and sheep, of
union with their respective mother country, erupted into violence in 1955. An agreement between which traces can be seen inland.
Britain, Greece, Turkey and Cypriot leaders provided for the creation of an independent republic, Amathus was a rich and densely populated kingdom with a flourishing agriculture and mines situa-
with guarantees to the Turkish minority, and in 1960 independence was achieved. Continuing con- ted very close northeast Kalavasos. In the Roman era it became the capital of one of the four ad-
flict between Greek and Turkish factions led to the intervention of a United Nations peace-keeping ministrative regions of Cyprus.
force in 1964, which has since remained on the island. On July 15, 1974, a pro-Greek coup, led by
Greek army officers deposed the elected government. Five days later, Turkey invaded Cyprus and
quickly occupied the northeastern 40 percent of the island. In 1975, Turkish Cypriots in the occu- Zeno of Citium (335-263 BC)
pied area voted to establish a separate state. In 1983 this government declared its independence
as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. 1928, 1 Feb. Perforation: 12
Technique: Engraved Wmk 1
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Ovp ARQ #1 Ovp ARQ #2 Ovp ARQ #3 Vouni palace (5th BC)
Proclamation of the Decision by the UN General As-
Republic UN and its Securi- sembly’s resolu- 1934, 1 Dec. Perforation: 12 ½
ΚΥΠΡΙΑΚΗ/ ty Council to help tion to mediate
ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ Ovp ARQ #4
restore the coun- the dispute be- Technique: Engraved Wmk 1
KIBRIS/ UN Security
try to normality tween Greeks and
CUMHURIYETI Council Resolu-
and to seek a so- Turks on Cyprus, Designer:
tion No. 353 to
lution of its prob- Dec. 18, 1965 end hostilities on
lems.
Cyprus Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
65
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
re are 137 rooms in the palace. These include the administrative sections, bedrooms, storerooms, a Perf. 13 ½ (1944) 350,00 € 25,00 €
offices and bath rooms. When the Persian rule in the region was replaced by the Greek rule in 449
B.C. the palace lost its function. The palace stood erect for seventy years, but was destroyed by
the people of Soli in 380 B.C., and was never reconstructed. Cisterns carved out of the rocks were
used to meet the demand for water. In some of the storerooms, holes for amphoras can be noti- Gymnasium of Salamis (480 BC)
ced. The baths are old examples of hot-baths. Excavations have brought to light eathenware jugs
blackened by the fire that destroyed the palace containing what has been described as ‘the Vouni
1951, 2 Jul. Perforation: 12 ½
treasure’. The treasure includes gold and silver bracelets, ornamented silver cups, and hundreds
of coins with the Marion, Kition, Lapithos and Paphos seals. The archaelogists have come across Technique: Engraved Wmk 1
signs of settlements belonging to the pre-neolithic age on the island of Petra tou Limniti visible
from Vouni. To the south of the palace are the remains of the Temple of Athena built towards the Designer:
end of the 5th century B.C. The temple has two courtyards and an enclosed sacred ground. The
holes in which the statues were placed is visible. The different sections of the Vouni remains are: Printer:
the entrance, the residential rooms, the courtyard with columns, the kitchen courtyard, the cistern,
granaries, baths, living rooms and offices. Sheet: ** ∘
Printer: Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Designer:
5. 1 P Brn & blk 1,10 € 0,90 € Printer:
a Imperf vert 14.000,00 € 8.000,00 € Sheet: ** ∘
Palace of Vouni Gymnasium of Paphos (Greek: Πάφος, Páfos; Latin: Paphus, briefly Augusta; Turkish: Baf) is a coastal city in the
Theatre of Soli
Salamis southwest of Cyprus and the capital of Paphos District. In antiquity, two locations were called
Paphos: Old Paphos and New Paphos. The currently inhabited city is New Paphos.
Archaeology Near Palaepaphos at the seaside of Petra-tou-Romiou is the mythical birthplace of Aphrodite, the
Greek goddess of love and beauty and the founding myth is interwoven with the goddess at every
level, so that Old Paphos became the most famous and important place for worshipping Aphrodite
1938, 12 May. Perforation: 12 ½ Technique: Engraved
in the ancient world. In Greco-Roman times Paphos was the island's capital, and it is famous for
the remains of the Roman governor's palace, where extensive, fine mosaics are a major tourist at-
Wmk 1 Designer: traction. The apostle Paul of Tarsus visited the town during the first century. The town of Paphos is
included in the official UNESCO list of cultural and natural treasures of the world's heritage.
Print: Sheet: ** ∘
66
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
25 m
** ∘
9,50 €
Temple of Apollo Gymnasium in Salamis
Ovp 1 on PS #1
Head of Apollo
Archaeology
Jug (7th BC)
1964, 5 May. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 Technique: Litho
1962, 17 Sep. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14
Wmk 2 Designer:
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Print: Sheet: ** ∘
Designer:
21. 10 m Ovp 2 on stamp # 17 0,20 € 0,20 €
Printer:
22. 30 m Ovp 2 on stamp # 18 0,25 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
23. 50 m Ovp 2 on stamp # 20 0,50 € 0,35 €
Head of Apollo
Jug
17. 10 m Slate grn & greenish 6.344.948 0,20 € 0,20 €
Archaeology
1966, 31 Jan. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14 Technique: Litho
Wmk 2 Designer:
Print: Sheet: ** ∘
67
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Theaters
1964, 15 Jun. Perforation: 14 x 13 Technique: Litho
Wmk 2 Designer:
Print: Sheet: ** ∘
68
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
According to some ancient authors, Ikarios was king of Athens but according to others he was a at the Battle of Citium, and he was compelled to flee to Salamis. Here, although closely blockaded,
gardener, which is what he appears to be on the mosaic. Ikarios offered hospitality to Dionysos Evagoras managed to hold his ground, and took advantage of a quarrel between the two Persian
when he was visiting Athens and in return the god taught him how to cultivate the wine and make generals to conclude peace (376). Evagoras was allowed to remain nominally king of Salamis, but
wine out of its fruit, introducing in this way viticulture to mankind. He warned him, however, to hide in reality a vassal of Persia, to which he was to pay a yearly tribute. The chronology of the last part
his wine well, otherwise disasters would befall himself and his family. Unfortunately, Ikarios did not of his reign is uncertain. In 374 he was assassinated by a eunuch from motives of private revenge.
heed the god's advice and, while returning home with his first vintage, offered wine to some According to Isocrates's panegyric, Evagoras was a model ruler, whose aim was to promote the
shepherds. The shepherds became intoxicated and, thinking themselves poisoned, attacked and welfare of his state and of his subjects by the cultivation of Greek refinement and civilization. Other
killed Ikarios. contemporary sources -- Diodorus Siculus 14.115, 15.2-9; Xenophon, Hellenica 4.8 -- are not as
This was a sad end indeed for the first man who made wine, and the story was probably chosen unrestrainedly complimentary. Although Cypriots were Greeks and their language a dialect of Gre-
on purpose, because of its moral message, claims Mr. Michaelides in the book "Guide to the ek, the Arcadocypriot, they used to write in an older and more difficult system, called Cypriot sylla-
Paphos Mosaics". Akme in Greek means culmination or perfection (usually of age) and one cannot bary. Evagoras has been called a pioneer of the adoption of the Greek alphabet in Cyprus in place
avoid interpreting her presence here as symbolic. If this is the case, she would stand for the state of the older Cypriot syllabary.
of mind brought about by the proper and moderate use of wine. In fact Ikarios seems to be poin -
ting towards her in quite a meaningful manner. The two drunk shepherds on the other side would
then symbolize the evils that improper use of wine leads to.
Sleeping eros (part of a fountain in Nea
Paphos) 1st AD
Satyr Silenus, from the temple of Apollo-Hyla- 1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 12 ¼
tes in Kourion
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
1964, 26 Oct Perforation: 13 ½ x 14
Designer:
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
41. 25 m Dk carm, gray & blk 2.338.785 0,55 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘ One of the early cloisonne enamel from Cyprus, dated the eleventh century B.C., is the famous
Royal Gold Sceptre from a tomb at Kourion. It consists of a plain tube with a sphere on top sup -
38. 10 m Olive & black 1.048.389 0,25 € 0,20 € porting two vultures. The sphere and the birds are decorated with cloisonne enamel in white, blue
and mauve. The scale pattern of the sphere is a Mycenaean design which was also common in
vase painting and ivory carving. Underneath, the sphere is surrounded by two rows of grains.
Ship from vase, 7th BC
Silver coin of Alexander the Great, sho-
1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 12 ¼ wing Hercules and Zeus (333-323 BC)
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 12 ¼
Designer:
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
39. 15 m Orange brown & blk 8.398.284 0,25 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
69
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Rape of Ganymede (House of Dionysius 3rd AD) Grapes and partridge mosaic, House of
Dionysus
1966, 26 Oct Perforation: 14 x 13
1970, 7 Sep. Perforation: 14 ½ x 13 ½
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Designer:
Designer:
Printer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Sheet: ** ∘
46. 500 m Multicolor 129.599 3,50 € 1,00 € 49. 15 m Multicolor 1.259.292 0,20 € 0,20 €
70
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Rape of Europe. Silver coin from Marion, 5th BC
55. 500 m Multicolor 1,00 € 0,50 €
1974, 29 Apr. Perforation: 13 ½ x 14
God statue, from Enkomi, 12 th
BC Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Designer: Sheet: ** ∘
Printer:
64. 10 m Multicolor 429.763 0,30 € 0,30 €
Sheet: ** ∘
65. 40 m Multicolor 429.763 0,60 € 0,60 €
56. 1 L Multicolor 2,00 € 0,60 € 66. 150 m Multicolor 429.763 2,10 € 2,10 €
57. 20 m New value on #50 0,25 € 0,20 € 67. 25 m Multicolor 258.922 0,20 € 0,20 €
Solon (Greek: Σολων, c. 638 BC–558 BC) was a famous Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and Lyric
Archaeology poet. The travel writer, Pausanias (geographer), listed Solon among the Seven Sages of the an-
cient world. Solon has acquired a place in history and in folklore through his efforts to legislate
1974, 14 Oct. against political, economic and moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term
yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy.
Solon's laws were inscribed on wooden slabs attached to a series of axles that stood upright in the
Perf.: Diverse Prytaneum. These axons appear to have operated on the same principle as a Lazy Susan, allo-
wing both convenient storage and ease of access. Originally the axons recorded laws enacted by
Tech.: Draco (lawgiver) in the late 7th Century (traditionally 621BC). Nothing of Draco's codification has
survived except for a law relating to homicide, yet there is consensus among scholars that it did
Wmk 2 not amount to anything like a constitution. Solon repealed all Draco's laws except those relating to
homicide. Fragments of the axons were still visible in Plutarch's time but today the only records we
have of Solon's laws are fragmentary quotes and comments in literary sources such as those writ -
ten by Plutarch himself. Modern scholars doubt the reliability of some of these sources and our
knowledge of Solon's legislation is therefore actually very limited in its details.
Designer: Generally, Solon's reforms appear to have been constitutional, economic and moral in their scope.
This distinction, though somewhat artificial, does at least provide a convenient framework within
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘ which to consider the laws that have been attributed to Solon.
71
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Printer: Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
70. 60 m Gray & multicolor 525.000 0,20 € 0,20 € 76. 50 m Brown & multicolor 2.500.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
72
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Statue of Artemis from Larnaca, 4th BC 85. 125 m Multicolor 0,55 € 0,55 €
Text: 2 nd
Cyprus International (state) Fair CYP_19790526 CONMEMORATIVE 1,50 €
Zenon of Citium
1980, 28 Apr. Perforation: 12 ½
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Designer:
Printer:
Bronze coin of Trajan and Nike and Poseidon, coin of Tetradrachm of Ptolomy Sheet: 20 ** ∘
temple of Aphrodite 2nd Demetrios Poliorcetes, 3rd VIII, 2nd BC
AC BC
86. 125 m Multicolor 0,40 € 0,40 €
Ancient coins
1977, 13 Jun. Perforation: 14 ¼ Theme: Hermes - Mercury
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 City: Nicosia
Designer: Text: Fifth International (state) Fair
Sphinx and lotus flower,
coin of Arsimoe II, Idalio, Printer: CYP_19800524 CONMEMORATIVE 1,50 €
5th B.C.
Sheet: ** ∘
Text:
87. 10 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
CYP_19770613 FDC 2,50 €
Designer: Printer:
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘
73
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Printer: 1980 ñ
Sheet: ** ∘
Print:
90. 40 m Multicolor 0,30 € 0,30 €
125 c
** ∘
Bronze cauldron, 8th BC
1980, 15 Sep. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
74
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Yvory plaque from Salamis, 7th BC 103. 2 c New value on #88 0,20 € 0,20 €
Leda and the swan, mosaic from a villa in 112. 25 c New value on #97 1,25 € 1,25 €
Paphos, 3rd AC
113. 50 c New value on #98 2,25 € 2,25 €
1980, 15 Sep. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 PS04 Warrior
terracotta
Designer: bust
Printer: 1983
Sheet: ** ∘
Print:
** ∘
Stele 5th BC
1982, 6 Sep. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 14
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Designer:
Printer:
Aphrodite - Venus
Sheet: ** ∘
1982, 12 May. P.: 13 ½ x 14 ¼
Tech: Litho Wmk 2
101. 100 m New value on # 92 0,40 € 0,40 €
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
#105 #110
Chrismon from Paphos
#103
1982, 5 Jul. Perforation: 12 ½
Archeology
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
1983, 3 Oct. Perforation: Diverse
Designer:
Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Printer:
Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘
#113 Printer:
117. 50 m Multicolor 650.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
Sheet: ** ∘
75
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Musicians, 6-7th BC
Thesseus struggling with Minotaur, from a
villa in Paphos, 3rd AC 1985, 6 May. Perforation: 12 ½
1982, 5 Jul. Perforation: 12 ½ Technique: Litho Wmk 2
Technique: Litho Wmk 2 Designer:
Designer: Printer:
Printer: Sheet: ** ∘
121. 50 m Multicolor 1.500.000 0,20 € 0,20 € 129. 30 c Multicolor 200.000 1,75 € 1,75 €
Sheet: ** ∘ Designer:
123. 50 c Multicolor 750.000 2,50 € 2,50 € ** ∘
Print: Sheet:
76
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Printer:
In New York
Sheet: ** ∘
77
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Sheet: ** ∘ City:
Printer: Designer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Printer:
78
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
A cult, which is testified on an architectural level only in the 7th or 8th century and which does not
in any case constitute properly part of a settlement of any period.
This autonomy of the Sanctuary in relation to the settlement cannot but be linked with the same
Sanctuary of Apollo Maleata at Epidaurus, the most ancient and important Sanctuary of Apollon in
Argolis. The finds of the known “Temple boys” on the side of Ayia Anna show typically this cultic
coherence. The most ancient inscription, which the name of god Apollo (5th / 4th century B.C.) is
recorded on, is retrieved at the foot of one of them.
The name Hylates given to Apollo is recorded from the Hellenistic times and it certainly describes
the prevailing nature of the cult of Apollo, which was performed until then, combining the primary
characteristics of its eastern origin but also its subsequent western development in the Theology of
the Hellenic twelve gods mainly as a healing god.
Krater of warriors
1999, 4 Oct. Perforation: 13 ¼ x 13
Technique: Litho Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: 4 ** ∘
Geometric – Archaic 7th BC Late Bronze Age 14-13th Late Bronze Age 13th BC
BC
Jewelry
79
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Unwmk Designer:
Print: Sheet: ** ∘
2002, 22 Oct. Perforation: 13 x 13 ¼ Technique: Print: Alex Matsoukis Graphic Arts SA Sheet: 2 ** ∘
177. 1 L Multicolor
Unwmk Designer:
Designer:
Printer: Alex Matsoukis Graphic Arts SA Sheet: ** ∘
4x2
Clay oil lamp, 2nd AC Clay statue Europe and Clay oil lamp, 1st AC 178. 20 m Multicolor
bull, 7-6th BC
179. 30 m Multicolor
Rape of Europe
Pygmy hippopotamus, 10.000 BC
2002, 22 Oct. Perforation: 13 x 13 ¼ Technique:
2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14
Unwmk Designer:
Technique: Unwmk
Print: Alex Matsoukis Graphic Arts SA Sheet: 3x4 ** ∘
Designer:
172. 30 c Multicolor 1.000.000
Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsoukis SA Greece
173. 30 c Multicolor 1.000.000
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
174. 30 c Multicolor 1.000.000
180. 0,25 L Multicolor
0,43 €
Rape of Europe The Cyprus Dwarf Hippopotamus or Cypriot Pygmy Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus minor) is an
extinct species of hippopotamus that inhabited the island of Cyprus until the early Holocene.
2002, 22 Oct. The 200-kilogram (440-lbs) Cyprus Dwarf Hippo was roughly the same size as the extant pygmy
hippopotamus. Unlike the modern pygmy hippo, it is thought that the Cyprus Dwarf became small
Perf.: 13 x 13 ¼ after the Messinian salinity crisis through the process of insular dwarfism which is caused by gene
pools limited to a small environment. This same process is believed to cause the dwarfism found
Tech.: in some dwarf elephants, the Pygmy Mammoth, and Homo floresiensis. The animal is estimated to
have measured 76 centimetres tall and 121 centimetres long.
Unwmk At the time of its extinction between 11,000 and 9,000 years ago, the Cyprus Dwarf Hippo was the
largest animal on the island of Cyprus. It was a herbivore and had no natural predators.
Designer: Excavation sites on Cyprus, particularly Aetokremnos, provide evidence that the Cyprus Dwarf
Hippo may have encountered and been driven to extinction by the early human residents of Cy-
Printer: Alex Matsoukis Graphic Arts SA Sheet: 2 ** ∘ prus.
A similar species of hippo, the Cretan Dwarf Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus creutzburgi) existed on
175. 50 m Multicolor the island of Crete, but became extinct during the Pleistocene.
176. 50 m Multicolor
Stone vessel, from Kalavasos 7.000 BC
2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsoukis SA Greece
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
80
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Together with Choirokoitia, Kalavasos-Tenta provides evidence for the initial establishment, at the
185. 0,25 L Multicolor
end of the 7th millennium B.C., of sedentary communities on the island, who originated from the
0,43 €
neighbouring mainland. These communities developed an original civilisation: the Cypriote Acera-
mic Neolithic. The settlement is surrounded by walls and consists of a compound of buildings with
simple circular or double circular ground plans built with sun-dried mudbrick or stone or a combina-
tion of both. The roof was flat and was made of a wooden frame consisting of branches, reeds, Bird-shaped vessel, 800 BC
pisé and earth. The roofs were principally flat but some buildings had domed roofs. The interior of
the buildings had double rectilinear piers, which supported a partial upper wooden floor, hearths 2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14
and benches. The plastered surfaces of the walls were occasionally embellished with painted de-
coration as in the case of one house where the wall-painting depicting two human figures with Technique: Unwmk
upraised hands has survived. The dead were buried beneath the floor of houses or in the open
space between domestic buildings. Designer:
Like Choirokitia, the inhabitants of Kalavasos-Tenta used diabase, a hard stone, for manufacturing
stone vessels, which constitute a particular characteristic of the Cypriote Aceramic Neolithic. Picro- Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsoukis SA Greece
lite a smooth green stone, found in abundance in the Kouris river-bed west of Lemesos, was used
for jewellery-making. The civilisation of Kalavasos-Tenta suddenly vanished at the end of the Ace- Sheet: 8 ** ∘
ramic period simultaneously with Choirokoitia, and no adequate explanation has been given regar-
ding its disappearance. Kalavasos-Tenta, like other Aceramic sites on the island, was abandoned 186. 0,25 L Multicolor
and the island appears to have remained free from human presence for a long time, until the 0,43 €
emergence of a new civilisation: the Ceramic Neolithic
Ancient kingdoms
Choirokitia settlement, 7.000 BC
2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14
2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14
Technique: Unwmk
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Designer:
Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsoukis SA Greece
Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsoukis SA Greece
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
Sheet: 8 ** ∘
187. 0,25 L Multicolor
182. 0,25 L Multicolor 0,43 €
0,43 €
Situated in the Maroni valley, about 6 km from the southern coast of the island, the site of Choiro-
koitia lies in a hilly landscape in the foothills of the Troodos massif. It constitutes the most impres-
sive example of the initial establishment of sedentary communities on the island and the develop-
ment of an original civilisation: the Cypriot Aceramic Neolithic. These communities originated from
the neighbouring mainland and settled in Cyprus at the end of the 7th millennium B.C. bringing
with them plants and animals unknown until then to Cyprus.
The site of Choirokoitia, which was founded and inhabited during the 5th millennium B.C., was dis-
covered in 1934 by P. Dikaios on behalf of the Department of Antiquities. In 1976 the exploration
was been taken over by the CNRS (Centre National de Recherche Scientifique) under the direc-
tion of Dr Alain Le Brun.
The site is bound to the north, east and southeast by the deep bend of the river, and to the west by
successive walls. A complex architectural system, unique in Cyprus and the Near East, provided
control over access to the village. Protected by these walls, the houses of the settlement were
crowded together. A house consisted of a compound of several buildings with a circular ground
plan around an unroofed space, a kind of small inner “courtyard” where grinding took place. These
structures were built in stone, pisé and sun-dried mudbrick, or any combination of the three. The
roof was flat and consisted of a wooden frame made out of branches, reeds, pisé and earth. Exca-
vation revealed that the dead were buried in pits inside the dwelling units.
The inhabitants of Choirokoitia used diabase, a hard stone, for the manufacturing of stone vessels,
which constitute a particular characteristic of the Cypriote Aceramic Neolithic. Picrolite, a smooth Cyprus through the Ages
green stone that can be found in abundance in the Kouris riverbed west of Lemesos, was used for
making jewellery. 2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14 Technique:
2007, 2 Oct. Perforation: 14 Aphrodite from Soli Sleeping lady, Hal Printer: Giesecke & Devrient
Saflieni Hypogeum Matsoukis SA Greece
Technique: Unwmk
Sheet: 2 ** ∘
Designer:
188. 0,59 L Multicolor
Printer: Giesecke & Devrient Matsoukis SA Greece 1 €
81
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Surch. 1
82
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Sheet: ** ∘ Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
3. 10 l Multicolor 250.000 0,20 € 0,20 €
10. 250 l Multicolor 150.000 0,30 € 0,30 €
Bird-shaped lidded pot. Skuru hill tomb, Morph-
ou. Late Bronza Age Roman fish ponds, Lambusa
1986, 15 Sep. Perforation: 12 ½ 1991, 27 Dec Perforation: 12 ¼
Technique: Offset Wmk 1 Technique: Offset Wmk 1
Designer: Designer:
Printer: Tezel Ofset Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘ Sheet: ** ∘
6. 100 l Multicolor 250.000 0,50 € 0,50 € Theme: Bowl, Early Bronze Age
City: Lefkosa
Ring-shaped composite pottery, Kernos Text: Turizm konulu anma serisi
1991, 3 Jun. Perforation: 12 ½ CYP-TR_19930401 FDC
Technique: Offset Wmk 1
Designer:
Printer: Tezel Ofset
Sheet: ** ∘
83
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Neolithic village,
Ayios Epectitos, Ovp # 4 Ovp # 5
Vrysi
1994, 16 May.
Perf.: 13 ¾ x 14
Surch # 1
Tech.: for #31 - 34
Wmk 1
Eagle and fasces
1923, 29 Oct. Perforation: 14
Technique: Engr Unwmk
Designer: G. Balla
Printer: Officina carte valore Torino
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Designer:
Roman architecture
Printer: Sheet: 2 ** ∘
1927, 21 Apr.
14. 8500 l Multicolor 200.000 1,50 € 1,50 €
Perf.: 11
15. 8500 l Multicolor 200.000 1,50 € 1,50 €
Archaeological Site "Ayios Epiktitos - Vrysi", is located on a rocky cliff 6.5 miles, east of military oc-
cupied Kyrenia within the boundaries of occupied Ayios Epiktitos village. It took the name Vrysi be - Tech.: Engr.
Mausoleum of Hadrian Aqua Claudia
cause of a natural spring located in the area (Vrysi in Greek means tap, or small water fountain/
spring). Unwmk
After Chirokitia ancient settlement in Larnaca, it is one of the most Ancient Archaeological Site
ever found in Cyprus dated as far back as 5,250 years B.C. Designer: Cavaletti & Repettati
The importance of the site is because we have the first evidence of handmade Pottery produced in
Cyprus from the last period of Neolithic Age II (3500-3000 BC). We also found proof of the first Printer: Officina carte valore Torino Sheet: 50 ** ∘
Textile making.
3. 40+20 c Black & brown Ovp #2 25.000 2,25 € 19,00 €
Moreover, there were found remains of grapes, olives, and it seems that Wine-making was also
known. Moreover, Golden earrings, and other golden artifacts, indicate that the ancient village had 4. 60+30 c Red & brown Ovp #2 25.000 2,25 € 19,00 €
a high level of culture, far more advanced than the Chirokitia settlement.
A preliminary investigation was made in 1969, and much use was made of aerial photography in
planning the excavations, which began in 1972 and continued in 1973. A team of scientists and Roman architecture
students from the universities of Glasgow and Birmingham were engaged in the digging under the
supervision of the Cyprus government. In all, there would be some 30 workers at a time, all very 1929, 4 Mar.
busy in the long hot summer, excavating the soil which covered the ancient houses to a depth of 7
meters.
Perf.: 11
The Turkish invasion in July 20 1974 interrupted the excavation process. Ayios Epiktitos and Vrysi
archaeological Site are under Turkish military occupation since then. The Turks, appreciated the
importance of this archaeological site inside Ayios Epiktitos. They continued the excavations and Tech.: Engr.
managed to extract 62,000 pieces of artifacts from Vrysi site.
Unwmk
Tombstone inscriptions, Orhon
Designer: Cavaletti & Repettati
and Yenisey river region.
Kültigin Heykelinin basi Printer: Officina carte valore Torino Sheet: 50 ** ∘
1995, 28 Dec. P.: 14 x 13 ½ 5. 30+10 c Black & red Ovp #3 30.000 2,00 € 10,00 €
Tech: Wmk 1 6. 50+20 c Red & violet Ovp #3 30.000 2,00 € 10,00 €
Designer:
Roman architecture
Printer:
1930, 20 Oct.
Sheet: ** ∘
Perf.: 11
16. 5000 l Multicolor 150.000 0,25 € 0,25 €
17. 10000 l Multicolor 150.000 0,55 € 0,55 € Tech.: Engr.
Unwmk
Designer: Cavaletti & Repettati
Stamp-issuing status: inactive; Population: 225,000 (1934 estimate). A district of North Africa, west
of Egypt. Cyrenaica was under Turkish control until 1912, when it was ceded to Italy and incorpo -
rated with Tripolitania to form the colony of Libia. In 1942, it was occupied by the British and beca-
me part of the independent kingdom of Libya in 1951
Ovp # 1 Ovp # 2 Ovp # 3 Helenus and Aeneas Anchises and Aeneas Aeneas feasting in shade
watch passing of Roman of Albunea
legions
Wmk ARQ #1
84
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
Basilica of Leptis
Magna
1932 Perfora- ñ
,8 tion: 14
Aug.
Ceres and her child with Harvesters at work Woman at loom, children
Technique Wmk 1
fruits of Earth at calf
: Photo
Aeneid, Virgil Designer: E. de
1930, 4 Dec.. Perforation: 14 Rossa
Printer: Officina
Technique: Photo Wmk 1
carte valore Roma
Designer: C. Menazza ** ∘
Anchises and his sailors in Sheet: 50
sight of Italy Printer: Officina carte valore Roma 1,1 0,2
2 1 L Black
** ∘ 4. 0€ 0€
Sheet: 50
2 2 L Green 1,5 4,0
9. 15 c vio blk Ovp #4 50.000 0,90 € 4,50 €
5. 0€ 0€
10. 20 c org brn Ovp #4 50.000 0,90 € 2,25 €
2 5 L Dk Carm 2,5 8,0
11. 25 c dk grn Ovp #4 50.000 0,90 € 1,90 € 6. 0€ 0€
85
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
rodite, made famous in a much-admired painting by Apelles, now lost, but described in Pliny's Na- the S.
tural History, with the anecdote that the great Apelles employed Campaspe, a mistress of Alexan- 2. The axle of V is exactly in axle of T and passes thru the left curve of 9.
der the Great, for his model. According to Athenaeus, the idea of Aphrodite Rising from the Sea 3. The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
was inspired by Phryne who during the time of the festivals of the Eleusinia and Poseidonia had no
problem swimming nude in the sea.
The Venus of Cyrene was discovered in 1913, when torrential rains washed away the topsoil at
Overprint 1 - under type Ia.
1. The hook over S in POSTA looks like a heart and is placed close to the S.
Trajan's Baths in the Sanctuary of Apollo, revealing the statue, which soon was transported to
2. The axle of V is exactly in axle of T and passes thru the left curve of 9.
Rome.
A Roman copy of a Hellenistic original, it has been characterized as Aphrodite rising from the sea 3. The second 9 in 1919 is not cut.
(Anadyomene), the arms away from the body, the hands squeezing water from the hair. It is a po-
pular type that allows the display of a beautiful body, as does the Diadumenos, in which the arms
are raised higher to tie a fillet around the head.
This overprint was used on special delivery stamps. Catalogue number Pofis /
Trojan 55 and 56.
Ovp ARQ #2
Ovp ARQ #3 Overprint 2 - group "a" - type I.
The height of the
overprint is 10,5
Ovp ARQ #1
mm, the length
20,5 mm. The
Hermes - Mercury height of the
letters is 2,6
1919 Perforation: Imperforated mm, the angle
0º.
Technique: Unwmk 1. The axle of T
passes between
Designer: O and V and
between 1 and
Printer: 9.
2. The vertical distance between CESKOSLOVENSKA and 1919 is 1 mm.
Sheet: ** ∘ 3. In the left part of K is a cut, in the upper part of S is a deep cut.
4. The hook over C and the strech over A touch the letters.
1. 10 f Carmin 250 2.500,00 € 2.000,00 € 5. The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
Overprint 2 - group "a" - type II.
Hermes - Mercury The height of the
overprint is 10,5
1919 Perforation: Imperforated mm, the length
20,5 mm. The
Technique: Unwmk height of the
letters is 2,6 mm,
Designer: the angle 0º.
1. The axle of T
Printer: touch the left part
of V and 9.
Sheet: ** ∘ 2. The vertical
distance between CESKOSLOVENSKA and 1919 is 1,2 mm. 3. The K is without the
2. 2 h brown Ovp 1 0,20 € 0,20 € cut, no cut in S. The middle strech of E is longer 4. The hook over C and the strech
over A touch the letters.
3. 4 h green Ovp 1 0,25 € 0,25 € 5. The letter A is more closed (than in type III) 6. The second 9 in 1919 is cut. 7. In
POSTA is a smal dot between O and S.
4. 6 h dk blue Ovp 1 0,20 € 0,20 €
Overprint 2 - group "a" - type III.
5. 10 h orange Ovp 1 2,75 € 2,75 € The height of the
overprint is 10,5
6. 30 h claret Ovp 1 1,10 € 1,10 € mm, the length
20,5 mm. The
Overprint 1- type I. height of the let-
The height of the overprint is 18,5 ters is 2,6 mm,
mm, the length 27,5 mm. The the angle 0º.
height of the letters is 4,0 mm, the 1. The axle of T
angle is 55°. nearly passes the
1. The hook over S in POSTA looks left part of V and
like a heart and is placed close to touches the 9.
86
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
2. The vertical distance between CESKOSLOVENSKA and 1919 is 0,9 mm. 3. The
K is without the cut, no cut in S.
4. The hook over C and the strech over A are placed near to the letters.
5. The letter A is more open (than type II)
6. The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
Hermes - Mercury
1919 Perforation: 12 ½
Technique: Unwmk
Designer: # 13 Tomahawk
# 14 Haida totem
# 17
poles # 15 Kachina good
and rock art spirit of the Hopis
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
Unwmk Designer:
Print: Sheet: 2 ** ∘
4. The word POSTA and 1919 are hardly noticeably displaced to the left
Centurio, engraved by Oskar Spiel
compared to type I. 5. The second 9 in 1919 is cut.
Overprint 3 - type III. 1981, 27 Nov Perforation: 11 ¾
Technique: Unwmk
Designer:
Printer:
Sheet: ** ∘
87
ARCHAEOSTAMPS – C –
CZECH REPUBLIC
(1993-)
Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 10,318,958. A republic in central Europe, comprising the
Czech portion of the former Czechoslovakia, corresponding to the historic Bohemia. The Czech
Republic became a separate independent state on January 1, 1993, and has continued the steady
progress toward a free-market economy begun in 1989. The Czech Republic joined NATO in
1999.
PS01 Hermes -
Mercury
1998
Print:
4,60 K
** ∘
Darwin
2009, 2 Jan. Perforation: 11 ½
Technique: Engraved Unwmk
Designer: P. Dovorsky / J. Tvrdon
Printer: Post Printing House
Sheet: 50 ** ∘
1. 12 K Multicolor
88