Professional Documents
Culture Documents
What Is a Computer?
Information
Data Data that is organized,
Raw facts, figures, and meaningful, and useful
symbols
p. 6 Next
Computer Applications in Society
Reliability
Reliabilityand
Storage Consistency
and Speed
Consistency
Accuracy Communications
p. 10 Next
Information Processing Cycle
There are five components of an information
processing cycle?
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Communication
Memory
Temporary holding place for data and instructions
p. 8 Next
The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use
Storage
Storagemedia
media
Physical
Physicalmaterial
materialon
onwhich
whichdata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
informationare
arestored
stored
Storage
Storagedevice
device
Records
Recordsand
andretrieves
retrievesitems
itemstotoand
andfrom
from
aastorage
storagemedium
medium
p. 8 Next
The Components of a Computer
What is a floppy disk?
Thin, circular,
flexible disk
enclosed in rigid
plastic shell
A USB flash drive is
portable, and has
much greater
storage capacity
Main circuit
board in system
unit
Contains adapter memory chips
cards, processor
chips, and
memory chips
Also called
memory slots
system board Expansion
slots for
Click to view Web Link, adapter cards motherboard
click Chapter 4, Click Web Link
from left navigation, then click
Clock Motherboards
below Chapter 4
p. 182 Fig. 4-3 Next
Processor
Storage
Devices
p. 183 Fig. 4-5 Next
Processor
What is a machine cycle?
Four operations of the CPU comprise a machine cycle
Step 1. Fetch
Obtain program instruction
or data item from memory
Memory
Step 2.
Step 4. Store Decode
Write result to memory Translate
instruction into
Processor commands
ALU Control Unit
Step 3. Execute
Carry out command
Stores location
from where instruction
was fetched
Stores Stores data
instruction while it is while ALU
being decoded computes it
Stores results
of calculation
p. 185 Next
Processor
What are heat sinks and heat pipes?
Heat sink—component
heat sink fan
with fins that cools
processor
Heat pipe —smaller
e
heat sink
Chip
Chip that
that assists
assists processor
processor inin
performing
performing specific
specific tasks
tasks
One
One type
type isis aa floating-point
floating-point coprocessor,
coprocessor also
coprocessor
coprocessor, also
known
known as as aa math
math orornumeric
numericcoprocessor
coprocessor
p. 190 Next
Processor
What is parallel processing?
Using multiple Control Processor
processors
simultaneously to
execute a
program faster Processor 1 Processor 2 Processor 3 Processor 4
Requires special Memory Memory Memory Memory
software to divide
problem and
bring results
together Results combined
p. 198 Next
Memory
What is flash memory?
Nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and
reprogrammed
Used with PDAs, digital cameras, digital cellular phones, music players,
digital voice recorders, printers, Internet receivers, and pagers
Step 3.
Step 1. Plug the headphones into the MP3
Purchase and download MP3 music tracks To headphones player, push a button on the MP3
from a Web site. With one end of a special Flash memory chip player, and listen to the music
cable connected to the system unit, connect through the headphones.
the other end into the MP3 player.
From computer
p. 200 Next
Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
Types of Adapter Cards
What is an adapter card?
Enhances system unit or
provides connections to
external devices called
peripherals
Also called an expansion card
External peripherals
might use an AC
adapter, which is an
external power supply
p. 211 Next
Categories of Computers
Mobile computers
and mobile devices
Midrange servers
Mainframe computers
Supercomputers
p. 18 Next
Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?
Designed so all of the components fit on or under
a desk or table
Small
enough to fit
Used
in your
by mobile
hand
employees such as
meter readers and
delivery people
p. 21 Next
Handheld Computers
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
Provides personal organizer functions
Calendar
Appointment book
Address book
Calculator
Notepad