[edit] Steps

1. Know what to say when you greet or converse with someone:

o Hello: Assalaamu Alaykum

o How are you?: Kya haal hey?

o Who are you?: Tum koan ho?

o I don`t know.: Mein nahin jaanta

2. Identify people and other living things. These are common words that can be used in
almost any situation:

o Boy: Larka

o Girl: Larki

o Daughter: baiti

o Son: Baita

o Mother: Ammi

o Father: Abba

o Grandma: daadi

o Grandpa: dada

o Wife: biwi

o Husband: Shohar

o Dog: Kutta

3. Know what to say when you want to get around town:

o Road: both Road and Sadak can be used

o Hospital: haspatal

o Toilet: Toilet (stays the same)

o Room: kamra

o You: tum, formal: "Aap"

o We: Hum
 o Please: meherbani (meher-bani) or "Bara-a-Meharbani"

o Thank you: Shukria

o Where: Kahaan

o How : Kaisay

o How Much : Kitna

o When: Kab

o Money: Paisa

o Way: Raasta

o Right way: Sahih Raasta

o To greet people" "Assalamu alaikum"

o good bye "Khuda Haafiz" or "Allah Haafiz"

o Why: "kyew" or can be spelled "KyuN"

o What are you doing?:"Kya kar rahe ho"

o Have your lunch/dinner "khana kha low"

[edit] Tips

• Urdu speaking people use a lot of English terms for modern devices, like TV, radio,
computer, modem, cable and microwave. The pronunciation is the same in Urdu as it is in
English.

• Urdu speakers love to hear a different accents, so even if you're new to the language,
don't be shy! No one is going to laugh at you.

• You can describe your problem by mixing some Urdu with English words.

• English is practially the second official language in Pakistan and India, so you should
not have any problem comunicating with local pakistanis

• If you deperatly need help aproach a student to speak to in english, chances are they
speak fluent english.

[edit] Warnings
 • Don't be rude to any Urdu speakers because, usually, these people are good and didn't
mean to insult. Maybe you misinterpreted what they said to you.

• There are many different accents within Pakistan and India; saying something in while
you're in Kashmir could sound like an insult in Mumbai.

• It's best to speak slowly if you're traveling to a new area, as that not only prevents any
mishaps in communication, but the other person is better likely to understand you, especially
if Urdu is not their mother tongue (e.g. in villages etc).

Urdu is written in the opposite direction to English ie from right to left.

It is an easy language to write fast in , because it has a built in shorthand ! It is very
important to read each line slowly and study each part of a figure closely the first time ,
and then re-read it carefully again to make the whole learning experience easy.

This is the most important lesson so once again do it very slowly and carefully and the
rest of the 20 or so lessons will then seem very easy .

Each sound is represented by a letter . For example lets look at the letter K and N in in
the next figure.

Each letter is written in a slightly different form depending on whether it comes in the
beginning , middle or end of a word or whether it occurs on its own ie in a detached
form .

If for example you look at the figure below, K on its own is on your extreme right
marked detached . If it occurs in the beginning of a word as in the word Kill it is written
as in the next one along -ie its inital form marked 2. If it occurs in the middle of a word
eg luKy it is written in the medial form 3 and if it occurs at the end of the word as in
ducK it is like the 4th final form to your extreme left.

The above figure has the detached , initial . medial and final forms of K and N. You
may have noted that the detached and final form form are usually very similar.

Note again that the detached form is on your extreme right then the initial , medial and
final.
Supposing we wanted to make say a meaningless two letter word with a starting
( initial) letter K and ending with N .

We would take the intial form of K marked 2 in the figure above and the final form of N
marked 4 and join them together . Remember to read it R to L.

Easy isnt it ? .

Vowel marks

Lets add some accent and vowel marks in between the letter K and N . Reading from
the right of the screen the second word is k'n with the k pronounced a little longer since
the accent mark (zabar) is over the k . The next word kn' has a longer n since the accent
mark is over the n . The shapes of the vowels aa, i, ee, u , oo , o , au ,ae and aae are
obvious from the figure and are explained in more detail after the figure .
Lets take our meaningless word kn and add vowel marks to it . The left word in the next
figure reads kAAn ( ear). The AA is a vertical straight line. A vowel is not joined to the
letter following it so the letter n in kaan is written in its detached form . Note also the

slight change in the shape of K .

To make kin (as in kith and kin) we put a small slanting mark called ZER below the

letter K. .

This vowel mark is often left out in newspapers so when you see kn

you may have to read it as

To write the word kEEn we add two dots to the slanting zer mark
To make the sound u as in kUmar a PESH mark is put over the letter as in this word

kUn
To make the long OO as cOOl another fat worm like mark is put after the letter as well

as the pesh above it as in this word kOOn.

For the mark O as in cOne the worm like mark is on its own without the pesh

To make the AU sound as in AUtumn the zabar mark is put above the O . The next

figure reads as kAUn (who?)

For the AE sound as in cAEn (cane) we write just two dots below the letter.

To make the AAE sound we add a slanting zabar above the AE mark.

Note the difference between kEEn and kAEn(cane)

and between kEEn and cAAEn

and between kUn and kAUn

and between kOOn and kAUn

This is a very important area so make sure you get them all right . There is revision of
the vowel marks in the figure below. Note however there is a new accent mark called a
zabar above the kn word second from your right. It signifies that the accent should be on
k so making and not on n in this word here - so it should sound kughn and not knugh.
This will become clearer later. Continuing , the third word from R to L on the top line is
the word kaan (ear) . The vowel mark AA is a straight vertical line put after K .Note the
K changing shape slightly in the figure for KAAN . A vowel mark like AA is not
attached to the letter which follows after it , so N here is written on its own.
The vowel mark AA as we noted above is written as a straight vertical line. The next
word to it on your left is kin . The vowel mark little i is a small slant line called in urdu
ZER is placed BELOW the letter , in this case K. The next word on the second line is
KEEN . Two dots are added to the little i - ZER- mark to make a big EE mark below the
letter.

Then little u - KUN as in the word crook - the u mark -called PESH- is always above
the letter ; next is big U -KOON as in sOOn - note you get a big fat worm like figure
added to the little u-pesh- mark , but this worm is on level with the letter.
Next in the figure here

is O as in cone (icecream cone)- the worm on its own makes an O sound ; but when a
zabar is added above the letter it makes an Au -KAUN (who in Urdu ) as in AUtumn .
Note the difference between the words KOON and KAUN in the bigger figure above. .
kOOn has a pesh on top of the worm while kAUn has a zabar on top of the worm.

Next below is ae as in cane (sugar) with two dots below. See if you can spot the
difference between the word Cane below and the word KEEN above. Thats right ! , the
only difference between an AE vowel mark and an EE one is that EE has an extra zabar
in addition to the two dots.This is important to remember.
Last of all in this figure

look again at CANE with the two dots marking the AE sound and the next figure to it
CAN . We get the AAE sound in cAAEnada (Canada) by just adding a zabar at the top
of the letter

Just go over the vowel marks again. Spend a lot of time sudying the figure below and
get up and get it imprinted on your mind. It is extremely improtant to get the vowel
marks right . After finishing these introductory lessons red some children's study books.
The reason is that newspapers tend to leave out the small vowel marks of little i and
little u and tend to put one word on top of another and you will get very confused unless
you are confident of your vowels.

The following are the vowel marks which modify the letters.
The madd , hamza and tashdid signs are special characters we will look at in the next
lesson

Sometimes the letter N when it is the final letter is written without the dot in the middle
and is not sounded except from the back of the throat as example in the word maa'n for
mother.We shall look at this later.

We will end the first lesson here . It is very important to go over this lesson again and
again to make sure you have the vowels right. As a test see if you get them all in the
next figure.
Here are the answers

One important point to note is that the zabar mark and i mark called a zer are similar but
the zabar is on top of a letter while zer which signifies i is below.

You can make similar lessons yourself by using a Urdu font. Open windows character
map program - its in the windows directory- and copy some letters . Paste them into a
windows paintbrush program using the text tool and save as a monochrome bitmap file.
Open this file in thumbs or paint shop pro and save as a gif file. For really large letters
you need Universal word program.

Vowel at the beginning of a sentence .

If a word begins with a vowel eg arm , apple , easter etc. an aliph sign is always put
before the vowel mark.

Examples below. Note that the first word is a or ugh as in 'U'nder.

Note there are two ae letters. The bottom is used when ae is on its eg Ae cat sat while
the one above it is used when AE joins the next letter eg in AEK (one).

If the vowel is not at the start of a word we dont use the vertical aliph and just use the
vowel marks as below.
Make sure you can tell the difference between ae and big eee ( there is an extra zer at
the bottom for eee). Between u and big ooo and between ooo and au ( au has a zabar on
top ). It is important to get up and cram these vowel marks as they make the language
very easy to read once you have done that.

*As in Hindi the nasal n as in the word song is marked with a dot over the letter.*

After Aliph the next letters in the alphabet are B , P , Te (soft as in tota-parrot) , T , and
S.-written from your R to Left. These letters are pronounced as Be (bay) , Pe , Te , Te
and Se.

The S above can be confused with SH which we will see later , so look at it closely.

Its quite easy to guess the four forms of each letter depending on whether it is detached
( to your right ) . comes at the beginning ( second right on your screen) , middle - 3rd
from the Right or final (leftmost )
 .

Looking at the above figure and keeping the sign of the aa vowel ( just a vertical line ) ,
and keeping in mind where the letter comes in the word ,can you read your first
sentence in Urdu ? It has a final form of the i which you have not met before ( in the
word KI below). Also note the little omega sign -called TASHDID-at the top of B in
ABBA. It is a doubler ie it means you have to say B twice , the first B is half
pronounced . Read R to L.

Do you know what the above - Aap ke Abba ki Kitab - means ? It says this book
belongs to your father . Abba is urdu for father . Aap means you and kitab is book. Note
also that the two dots for the soft te in Kitab are placed well above the line.
The next figure below has three urdu words and one English word. Can you read them ?
Answers are in the next figure after the one below.

The answers are

The unlabelled figure is of course the English word TENT.

Lets look at the vowels and the words learnt so far and introduce a new letter M
Can you by looking at the figure above identify the following words in the next figure ?
They consist of Urdu words in the first line and English in the next one.

The answers are Pakistan ( this is a different form of S - a new letter will be introduced
in the figures sometimes before without prewarning and you have to make a best guess
what it might sound like - its a good practice to get into as often some of vowel marks
are not written and one has to occasionally guess in reading normal Urdu ) . The words
are Mama and Neem on the first line. The second line has mint , no , potato and the
final line has name and then mine. Note the hamza - a little one put over a vowel when
one vowel follows another as here in the word MINE the vowel AA is followed by EE.

. Other
points to note are that the intial B or P has a short vertical rather than horizontal line
when it has a vowel with it as in the word NO above and that the letter S often has an
elongated shape as in the word Pakistan . Note also that the mark over the t in potato
converts it into a hard T as in Turkey.

It seems that the first soldiers who got to the subcontinent did not speak the Queen's
English . So that the word CALL ( to call ) somebody is ususally written and
pronounced as CAAL rather than CAUL by Urdu speakers. Also there is a tendency to
add an I at the beginning whenever an English word is written with Urdu script , so the
word SPIRIT for eg. is written and pronounced as ISPIRIT , school is written as ischool
etc. Here however we will try and stick close to the English pronounciation.

Lesson 5Home

Lets look at another three vowels in the figure below from R to L which complete the
vowels used in Urdu

They are another form of A which we shall from now mark as little a to distinguish
from Aliph.
Long EE also used as Y as we shall see.
Long Ae
Then is the letter H and finally L.
a is pronounce as AEN ( as in mAn) . The next is the letter Y . Because it has two dots
at the bottom it can easily be confused with the vowel mark ae .Third is the long Ae .
Next on the left are the two useful consonants H and L .

These are the four forms of each letter .

Note that the medial form of a has a closed loop on top.Note L initial or medial can be
confused with alif and the L final with the undotted N. If we look at the letters above we
can form some new words with these and the previous letters. Try and read the words
below . Each line is a mxture of English and urdu words. The answers come afterwards.
There are examples of the inital , medial and final forms of each letter as far as possible.
 .

Lets make some words using the above . Have a go at reading them.

Here are the answers.

There is a special form of H marked as " special H " in the figure below which is
sounded with the letter and gives it a deeper more resonant sound .
For example K as in the word King becomes KH as in KHan .
B as in Bat becomes BH as in BHai (brother) .
P as in Peter changes to PH as in PHil and we will meet more in the lessons to follow.

The next figure has all Urdu words since these aspirated consonants do not occur in
English. Line 1 has the common form of H-you have seen before- in the middle of each
of the two words -can you read the words ?
Line 2 has the special form of H marked Special H and the words are explained in the
figure after the one below.
Here are the answers.

Note some important points. In the word Naheen you might easily miss the zer and read
the two dots as ae-sometimes you have to hunt for the vowel marks!
Note the hamza in BYE and BHAEE to signify that one vowel follows another
immediately.
Note also the word KHAEL - it is easy to misread the two dots as Y instead of AE.
Note also that the final L has a longer vertical stem to distinguish it from the final
undotted nasal N.
We do need your feedback on these lessons. Write to ukindia@innotts.co.uk.
These lessons including all the older ones are constantly being modified so it is a good
idea to start reading the previous lessons each time you log on before starting the new
one.

Remember that you can download all language lessons in less than five minutes by
clicking on the lang.zip file and then opening it with winzip or pkunzip in a
directory.The zip file is updated about every two weeks.

Next lets look at the second line of the Urdu alphabet. These letters are J , Ch , H and
Kh -read as Jeem , Cheem , Hae and Khae.
See if you can read the follwing words . It is not important that you get them right the
first time but you should be able to reread them easily. Masculine words end with Aa eg

Dada ( grandfather) while feminine words end with i - Dadi (grandmother). Another
example is
Chacha (uncle) and Chachi ( Aunt). In the figure below the first line has English words.
The second and third one have one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and
Urdu words.

Here are the answers

Revise your vowel marks to see if you agree with the answers above. Note the sound
doubler in Bachcha - on Line 3.
The special H can be used for J and Ch to give the deeper JH and CHH sounds as for
example in the Udu words Jhanda -flag and Chhatri - Umbrella. In the figure below see
if you can read the words in Urdu on the second line and the sentence on the third line.

Here is the answer.

.
Note that the N in the word mother ( Maa'n)is a nasal N and is not pronounced except
from the back of the throat- the tongue stays down flat. That is why it is marked with an
apostrophe. The N in the word Maan is pronounced with the tongue on the teeth and has
the dot in it.

It is better to start reading childrens books and build up a vocabulary before reading
Urdu newspapers. The reason is that often there are no spaces between the words in the
newspapers. It is not necessary for experienced readers as they can tell instantly from
the final form of a letter where the word ends but the lack of space before the next word
can be very confusing for beginners. Another reason is that sometimes the space below
a letter gets crowded and often a vowel mark will be left out and that can make it very
difficult to read the words as well.
Remember to reread all the previous lessons before moving on to the new one. It should
take no more than fifteen minutes each time and you will find the learning experience a
lot smoother .

Most lessons are corrected and then reposted. So even if you have read them once it is a
good idea to reread them anew each week.

Before going on to the next line of the Urdu alphabet lets just recap all the letters
learned so far . The inital , medial and final forms of a typical example of each line is
oultined. See if you can spot a new letter that you have not met so far.
and

Here are the answers

The new letter is of course G.
Remember H , Y and E.

and the vowel marks

and a vowel mark on its own at the beginning.

The next line of the alphabet has the letters soft d ( THE ) , D and Z. called dhal , dal
and zal

The figure below shows the inital , medial and final forms of THE , D , Z

.
What are the following English words?.

Here are the answers

The Vowel mark O is also used as the letter V or W as in the word DWA below . Note
that the mark over the A to signify a long AA is ometimes ommited.See if you can spot
the word DWA and read the other Urdu words.

Here are the answers .

The next line has similar looking letters to the above and are called R, DE ( pronouced
by curling the tongue right back behind that for the letter d and then bringing it forward
as in D. Example the words ladki (girl) , and two more Zs .

Here are all the forms of the letters

As you will see from above Urdu has borrowed many letters from Persian and Arabic
and so there are multiple letters for the same sounds such as
Z , H , S , KH etc.

Can you read the following English sentences ?

here are the answers

These are the letters learned in this lesson . Reading from your Right to Left.

This lesson has just Urdu words as the letters have no equivalent English sounds.

The one to your most right is the letter THE as in the word That. Then the letter D same
as in English Drum . Next is a tricky one DE - put the tongue on the palate as if to say D
, then roll it back further and unroll it rapidly without touching the palate. The special H
makes an aspirated sound as in the words outlined below . See if you can read them
Here are the answers.
Note that 2.DHOOD and 1. DHOD are pronounced the same although technicaly the
later is not correct. This is a problem for beginners as vowel marks like the pesh mark in
2 are often left out.

The next set of letters are the S's . The figure below has the letters S , Sh , S again and Z
pronounced as Seen , Sheen , Svad and Zvad.
In the above note that the first two are the most commonly used letter forms for S and
Sh in Urdu. Svad and Zvad the bottom two are borrowed from the Persian .Read the
following words.The last line has Urdu words.

Ignore the problems of scale . They will be corrected at a later date. They may not be
written as in an Urdu dictionary because the pesh mark often (eg in the word for soap)
gets left out. Also usually left out is the zabar or accent mark ( except in the word must
below) since it is assumed that all English speakers know where to put the accent. Often
the accent zabar mark is left out anyway.
Here are the answers
Read the following English sentences . Note the Z and S letters have been used liberally
and this may not be the form you may find in the dictionaries.

Here are the answers

The next two letters are another form of the soft t and another z. They are called T'o and
Zo .
The t' sound is produced by protruding the tip of the tongue just beyond the upper teeth
and letting the front third touch the bottom of the top teeth.The bottom teeth are also
very close to the top teeth. Z is the same as other Zs.

Read the following

Here are the answers

Related to the above sounds are TH as in Thanks or in the word marked A below (thin)-
note the two dots over the letter , and another mark is added to TH to convert it to TTH
( tongue touches the top of the mouth in between the positions for T and D) as in the
word ttheek (correct) , the dots are lost.
Lets look at two more letters. The first is another form of A called Aaen and the second
with the dot on top is another form of G called Gaaen.

The first Aaen is pronounced as an ugh followed by aa for eg the word to forgive maaf
is really pronounce as m-ugh-aa-f

Try and read the following Urdu words.

Here are the answers

The next line of the Urdu alphabet contains the letters F pronounced as Fe and Q
sounded as Quaf . The four forms of these letters are as follows

Read the following sentences where all the four forms of each of these letters is used .
Line A below has English words while line B is made of Urdu words . Note again that
the zer mark may be missing in for example the word for love when reading Urdu
papers.Note also that in the word LIFE the F is slightly modified with a small vertical
stem initally
The answers are

Note that in the word for Aq -stubborn - the letter A being a vowel does not join the Q.
If it did it would be read as L which has the same form as A . Lesson 13..Home

In the figure below we have the letters K , G ,and L . As we have already met them
before only the way they are written is outlined below. Remember to start at the tail end
of the arrow and follow the direction.
The next letters are M and N . Note that the nasal N , marked n' as in the urdu word for
mother -maan' loses the dot in the middle.

In the figure above the letter for v , also serves as an O.

See if you can read the two English and one Urdu sentences below .
Answers are

Technically the O should be distinguished from the V by the fact that O should have a
vowel mark over it as in the word LAaO . However this rule is not always followed.
Now we come to the final letters in the Urdu alphabet .

H we have met before. Remember the special form which modifies the letters B, P , T'-
soft t , T , J , CH , THE and D as in the examples below. In each case the letter being
modified is written above the word. The special H makes B into a deeper BH , P into
PH as in pharmacy etc.
Read the Urdu sentence below . It shows how H can be used in the intial , medial and
final forms.
Answer
Y is written like an H but with two dots below the letter.

Here is how it used in its three forms.

Answer
Here is how the final letters big E - EE and big A - Ae can be used
Answer
These lessons contains a couple of hundreds of Urdu vocabulary. It is most important to
recognise the final form of letters as otherwise it can be extremely difficult to know
where a word ends and another begins , so revise lesson 14 before starting this one.

The first column reading as in English has the English word followed by its Urdu
translation.
Have a guess at the answers and then check your answer after the figure.
The first few figures are done for you.

Many of the accent marks are left out as they tend to clutter up the figure and you know
where to lay the accent in English words anyway . Some words do have them left in as
examples.
If you see a zabar- a short slanting line- on its own at the top or also what looks like an
arrow head pointing up , these are accent marks. This will become clearer when you
read the figures.
Note that the zer -little i-slanting line mark below the letter which makes the two dots of
an ae vowel into a big EE- may be some distance from the two dots.

The next figure has the English words -for this lesson we will read as in English your
left to your right - Crocodile , Donkey , Cow on the first line and Fox , Seal and Giraffe
on the second. Notice that the vowels are written in small case.

In the figure below make sure you know the vowels correctly. the words are elephant ,
lion , bear , rhinosaurus , mongoose and alligator . That is an accent mark over the M in
mongoose.
Now follow cat , rabbit , pig , goat , fish ,mouse, camel and tortoise.

Notice in mouse the hamza sign tells you that one vowel o- follows another a . Without
the hamza the o would be read as a v. Now see if you can guess the words in the figure
below
The answers are shoes -jutte , hat-topi, boots-boot, socks-juraben, slipper-chappal,
gloves-dastane , handkerchief-romal, belt-peti ,socks-juaraben ,gloves -dastane.
Continue with the figure below . It has the words for gorilla, squireel, baboon,
stag,dear ,tiger and snake.
See if you can read the ones coming next

Rabbit-khargosh,dog-kutta, goat -bakri , pig-suar, cat-billi, fish-machhli,horse-

ghod'a,tortoise-kchhwa, bufalo-bhaens, sheep, mouse-chooha, camel-oont.
The next figure contains some common urdu words. Notice that some short vowel
marks are left out. These are indicated in brackets in the answers. The shlrt u , short i
and the i mark modifying the ae into an big ee vowel often suffer this fate.

The answers reading from your right are

m(aae)n -me , t(u)m -you , a(a)p-you (polite) , hm -we , vh-she ,he , they , it
second line meree -mine, kya-what, hae -is , n(h)(ee)n'-no,
han' -yes , lek(i)n-but, ph(i)r bi (even so)
fourth line -ma-mother , baap-father , bchcha-child, mal(oo)m- to know.

Continuing with more vocabulary

Your answers should read - donkey -gaddha, sheep-bhed, fox-loomdi, cow-gaye,
crocodile-magarmuchh , monkey -bandar, wolf-bhedia ,frog-maaendak, and seal on the
last line. Ghaenda is rhino , hathi is elephant , richh is bear and cheetah usually means
leopard as there are no cheetahs in the area.The arrow acent mark has been left in the
word frog.

Lets look at some parts of the body

ear-kaan , eye-ankh,lips-hont, forehead-peshani, nose-nak , head-sr, tongue-zbaan ,
mouth-mun'h, thigh-ran, chin-thodi,foot-paon,neck-gurdan
Answers shoulder-kandha, ankle-tkhnh , back-peetth, hand-hath, thumb-angoottha,
palm-hatheli, nail-nakhoon, arm-bazo, knee-gutthna, beard-dhadi, elbow-kuhni , finger
-ungli
Teeth-dant',chest-chhati,eyebrow-abro,waist-kmar,eyelashes-palken, hair-
baal,moustache -moonchh

Lets read the following real life ad

It reads
Agar aap mulk jane se ek hafta pehle
If you country going to one week before
saman book carvayen to aap ka saman
luggae book do then your luggage
aap ke phunchane se phele...
your arrival before..

It is promising to deliver your luggage to the country of arrival before you if you book it
a week in advance.
Read the next ad
Each line reads
Aap ki khidmat men pesh intercargo
Hum Pakistan jane walon ke liye Pakistan mein custom clearance
bhi karvaten haen. Aap duniya men kahin bi jana chaen to hum
to hum se aap kisi bi airlines ke ticket kharid sakte hain
har kism ki ghadiya aur truck bi bej sakte hein.

The above says it can clear your cargo for customs and sell you any airline ticket and
even send your car or truck.Note vocabulary duniya=world, khidmat=service,
kharid=buy, ghadiya=car

Lets resume the vocabulary

Reading the above from L to R as in English
liver=j(i)gr, brain=dimag , lungs=phephre , windpipe = nrkhra, heart=dil, vein=rg,
stomach=maida, artery=shryan, kidney=gurde

Illnesess -sprain=moch , fever=b(u)khar, headache=sirdurd, cold=zukam ,

swelling=sujan, blood=khoon, toothache=dantdurd
ocupations - porter=qulee, postman=dakyh, launderer=dhobi, judge=judge,
fisherman=machera, clown=mskhrh,soldier=foji, lawyer=vakeel Lesson

Continuing with the vocabulary

flamingo-bag, sparrow-chirya, pelican-abiprindah, cuckoo-koyal, kite-cheel, eagle-
aqaab, dove-faqt, quail-btaer, starling-maena,phesant-chkor, magpie-neelkantth

Insects-fly-makkhi, ant-chiyunti, ladybird-surkhi, wevil-ghun, mosquito-machhar, snail-

gongha, bedbug-khatmal, moth-patnga, flea-pisu, scorpion-bichhua, locust-tiddi.
louse-joon'. wasp-zunboor, beetle-bhoza, cockroach-jingher, crab-kakeda, glowworm-
jugnoo, spider-mukddi, butterfly-titlee.

fruit- grapes-angoor, lemon-leemon, grapefruit-chodar, melon-kharbuz, pawpaw-papita,

plums-aloochae, pear-nashpati, tangerine-sanugtra, damson- , mulberry-shahtoot,
guava-amrood.

Urdu and Hindi and most Indian languages have the verb written after the object. For
example in English we write subject-verb-object eg
The river is deep

In Urdu the article THE is usually omitted and the verb is written last eg
The river is deep is written as Nadi gaheri hae ( River deep is ) . Grammaticaly for
empahis in dramatic situations sometimes it would not be wrong to put the verb first eg .
This is .... John - Yeh hae ...John!
If however you use it too many times you will start getting strange looks. .

Most inaminate objects have masculine or feminine forms . It would be tedious to have
to learn them all. In general the bigger heavier object is male for eg Rivers are feminine
while the Ocean is masculine. For masculine terms the word ends in an AA sound while
for feminine it is ee. - eg
Nadi gaherEE hae
Samundar (ocean) gaherAA hae.
These Urdu lessons are available on a floppy disc with all the images and a book -
Learn to read Urdu for $25 inclusive of air postage . Send a cheque for this amount to
ukindia box 346 Nottingham UK . You may also download them from this site.

More vocabulary

apple-seb, orange-malta, peach-ardo(o),mango-aam, strawberry -strawberry, banana-

kela, pomigrenate-anar, pineapple-annanas,cherries-cherries, watermelon-tarbooz
The answers to the above are
figs-anjeer, lychee-lychee, custard apple-sherifa, dates-kjhoor, coconut-nariyal,
jambolana-jamun, lady finger-bhindyan', peas-matar
The above read radish-mooli, tinde-tinde, aubergine-baengan,beans-phliyan', coriander-
dhaniya, capsicum-shimlamirch, cucumber-kheera, pumpkin-kaddu hlwah, p(o)tato-
aloo
In the final figure above we have courgette-tori, gourd-kaddu, fenugreek-methi, tomato-
tmatr, sugar-shakar, onion-pyaz, spinach-paluk, cabbage -bandghobi, bitter gourd-krela,
garlic-luhsan, carrot-gajar.

At the top in your brower window you will see the address of this page ending with
zurdu21.htm . This signifies lesson 21. If you want to go to lesson 7 say just change it to
zurdu7.htm and press enter.

Note how the numbers are written -these are the closest approximation - they are
tending to be displaced by English numerals
Note above that 51 and 15 are written and read as in English even though Urdu reads
from R to L.

Continuing with the vocabulary

Above read -yoghurt-dahee, flour-aata, tea-chaye, oil-tael, cheese-paneer, milk-dudh,
eggs-ande, butter-makhkhan, chicken-mugi, meat-gosht,
floor-farsh, door-darvaza, garage-garage, window-khirdki,roof-chhat, chimney-
chimney, pillars-sitoon, gate-phaatak, stairs-sirdhiyan', bed-bister, wall-diwar, pillow-
takiya
plant-poda, blanket-kambal, tap-nalka, drawer-drwaz, comb-kanga, lamp-lamp, soap-
sab(u)n, bottle-bot'l

More vocabulary

picture-tasveer, table-mez, heater-heater, chair-kursi, sandliyer (lampshade)-fanos, sofa-

sofa, cushion-gaddi, vase-g(u)ldan, pot-gamla
 Above read shoes-joote, h(aae)t-topee, boots-boot, socks-jurraben, sl(i)pper-chappal,
gloves-dastane, handkerchief-romal, beltt-peti, socks-juraben , gloves-dastane.

English-Urdu
I Hum
He Woh
She Woh
You Aap (respect)
It Yeh
A Ek
Come Aao / Aaiye (respect)
Came Aayein ( he) / Aayee (she) / Aaye (plural)
Will come Aayeinge (he) / Aayeingi (she) / Aayeinge ( plural)
Open Kholo / Kholiye (respect) / Kholna
Opened Khola
Will open Kholeinge (he) / Kholeingi (she) / Kholeinge (plural)
Sit Thasreef-Rakhiye(Baitho / Baithiye (respect) / Baithna)
Walk Chalo / Chaliyein ( respect) / Chalna (to walk)
Eat Nosh-Farmaeiye (Khao / Khaiyein (respect)/ Khana )
Drink Piyo / Peejiye (respect) / Peena (to drink)
Win Fatah
Go Jaao / Jaaiye (respect) / Jaana (to go)
Run Daudna
I go Hum jaa rahein hai / Mein jaata hoon
He goes Woh jaa rahein hai
He eats an apple Woh sev khaatein hai
He is eating an apple Woh sev khaa rahein hai
He ate an apple Usne sev khaya
I saw the film last week Humne gudiste(pichhle) haftein wah film dekhi
She came by bus yesterday Woh kal bus se aayee
They went to the temple Ve mandir gayein
He slept the whole night Woh raat bhar soteh rahein
He wrote well in the examination Usne imthihan achche she diya
He has eaten Woh khaa chukhey
He had eaten Woh khaa chukhey teh
He had gone Woh chalein gayien
He had come Woh aa gayein
He will eat Woh khaeinge
He will go Woh jaayeinge
He will come Woh aayeinge
What is your name? Tumhara /Aapka naam kya hai ?
What Kya
Is Hai / Hein (respect)
Your Tumhara / Aapka (respect)
Name Naam
What did you do? Tumne / Aapne (respect) kya kiya ?
What should I do? Hum kya karoon ?
What can I do? Hum kya kar sakta hoon ?
What are the questions? Sawalat kya hai?
What were the questions? Sawalat kya thein?
What is the last question? Aakhiri sawal kya hai ?
What is written in the letter? Khat mein kya likha hai ?
What you had been told? Tumhein/Aapko kya kaha gaya tha ?
What will be the answer? Jawab kya hoga ?
Why did you come? Tum / Aap kyon aaye ?
Why did you sleep? Tum / Aap kyon soye ?
Why did you tell him to go? Tumne/Aapne unko jaane ko kyon kaha ?
Why did he bring the bag? Woh bag kyon layein ?
Why did she pay the money? Unhone paisa kyon diya ?
Why did they sit there? Ve wahan kyon baithe the ?
Why do you drive the car? Tum / aap car kyon chalate ho ?
Why did they come late for the meeting? Ve meeting ke liye der se kyon aaye ?
How did you come? Tum / aap kaise aaye ?
How did you sleep? Tum kaise soye ?
How did you drive the car ?
How did you write?
How many apples are there in my hand?
How many did you take?
How much did he pay you?
How much distance to go?
How was the journey yesterday?
Which way did you come?
Which is your favorite color?
In which room did you sleep?
Which story did you tell?
Which is the sweetest fruit?
Which is the best newspaper in Hindi?
Which Indian state has the largest
population?
Where are you coming from?
Where did you sleep?
Where is the manager’s cabin?
Where should I go?
Is it a book?
Yes, it is a book
Is it the answer?
Yes, it is the answer
Will you come with me?
I shall come with you.
Will you give me your pen?
Yes, of course.
Do you love me ?
Yes, I love you.
Can you give me your pen?
Can you lift the box?
Can you write the exam?
Did you have your lunch?
How are you?
I am fine
Tumne car kaise chalayee ?
Tumne kaise likha ?
Mere haath mein kitne sev hein ?
Tumne kitne liye ?
Usne Aapko kitne paise diye ?
Aur kitni door jana hai ?
Kal ki safar kaisi thi ?
Tum / Aap kis raaste se aaye ?
Tumhara /Aapka pasandida rang kaun sa hai?
Tum / Aap kaunse kamre mein soye ?
Tumne kaunsi kahani batayee ?
Sabse meetha fal kaunsa hai ?
Hindi mein sabse achcha akhbaar kaunsa hai ?
Kis hindustani soobe ki aabadi sabse jyada hai ?
Aap / tum kahan se aa rahe ho ?
Tum kahan soye ?
Manager ka cabin kahan hai ?
Mujhe kahan jaana chahiye ?
Kya yeh ek kitab hai ?
Haan, yeh ek kitab hai
Kya yeh jawab hai?
Haan yehi jawab hai.
Kya tum mere saath aaoge ?
Mein aapke saath aaunga.
Kya tum mujhe apna pen doge ?
Haan, zaroor
Kya tum mujhe pyar karte ho ?
Haan, mein tumhein pyaar karta (male) / karti(female)
hoon
Kya tum mujhe apna pen de sakte ho?
Kya tum box utha sakte ho ?
Kya tum pariksha likh sakte ho ?
Kya tumne dopehar ka khana khaya ?
Tum kaise ho / Aap kaise hain ?
Main achha hoon