IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE

MOST BENIFICET AND THE

MOST MERCIFUL
 GROUP MEMBERS

ADEEL AHMED 06-ME-126

MUHAMMAD ASAD RAZA 06-ME-119
SHAHERYAR KHAN 06-ME-114
UMER SHARIF DAR 06-ME-118
RAJA WASEEM KHAN 06-ME-103
Programmable Logic Controller
(PLC)
 Programmable Logic Controller

 A digitally operating electronic apparatus

which uses a programming memory for
the internal storage of instructions for
implementing specific functions such as
logic, sequencing, timing, counting and
arithmetic to control through digital or
analog modules, various types of
machines or process.
 Programmable Logic Controller
 The first PLC (the 084) was extremely
durable and reliable...
 “We used to test the programmable
controllers with a Tesla coil that struck a
quarter inch to half-inch arch anywhere on
the system, and the programmable
controller still had to continue to run.
 Programmable Logic Controller
 A PLC works by looking at its inputs and
depending on their state, and the user
entered program, turns on/off outputs.
 PLC History
 PLCs were first introduced in the 1960’s. The
primary reason for designing such a device was
eliminating the large cost involved in replacing
the complicated relay based machine control
systems. Bedford Associates (Bedford, MA)
proposed something called a Modular Digital
Controller (MODICON) to a major US car
manufacturer. The MODICON 084 brought the
world's first PLC into commercial production.
 Components
 The PLC mainly consists of a CPU, memory
areas, and appropriate circuits to receive
input/output data. We can actually consider the
PLC to be a box full of hundreds or thousands of
separate relays, counters, timers and data
storage locations. They don't physically exist but
rather they are simulated and can be considered
software counters, timers, etc. Each component
of a PLC has a specific function
 Components of a PLC
 Components of a PLC

Programming
Programming Processor
Processor I/O
I/O
Outputs
Device
Device && Memory
Memory Module
Module

Inputs
 Basic PLC Schema
 CPU
 Power Supply
 Memory
 Input Blocks
 Output Blocks
 Communications
 Expansion
Connections
 Description of Major
Components of PLC
 POWER SUPPLY
Provides the voltage needed to run the
primary PLC components
 I/O MODULES:

· Provides signal conversion and isolation

between the internal logic level signals inside
the PLC and the field’s high level signal.
 Description of Major
Components of PLC
 PROCESSOR

Provides intelligence to command and govern the

activities of the entire PLC systems.
PROGRAMMING DEVICE:

It is used to enter the desired program that will determine

the sequence of operation and control of process
equipment or driven machine.
 A picture of PLC application
OUTPUTS
INPUTS

CONTACTOR

PLC

LAMP
PUSHBUTTONS
 A picture of PLC application
OUTPUTS
INPUTS

CONTACTOR

PLC

LAMP
PUSHBUTTONS
 PLC Configuration

RACK MINI

SHOE BOX MICRO

 The Configuration of PLC
 The configuration of PLC refers to the packaging of the components.
 Typical configurations are listed below from largest to smallest.
 Rack Type : A rack can often be as large as 18” by 30” by 10”
 Mini: These are similar in function to PLC racks, but about the half size.
Dedicated Backplanes can be used to support the cards OR DIN rail
mountable with incorporated I/O bus in module.
 Shoebox: A compact, all-in-one unit that has limited expansion
capabilities. Lower cost and compactness make these ideal for small
applications. DIN rail mountable.
 Micro: These units can be as small as a deck of cards. They tend to have
fixed quantities of I/O and limited abilities, but costs will be lowest. DIN
rail mountable.
 Sizing of PLC
Micro PLCs: I/O up to 32 points
Small PLC: I/O up to 128 points
Medium PLC: I/O up to 1024 points
Large PLC: I/O up to 4096 points
Very Large: I/O up to 8192 points
 Selecting a PLC
 Criteria
 Number of logical inputs and outputs
 Memory
 Number of special I/O modules
 Expansion Capabilities
 Scan Time
 Communication
 Software
 Support
 Dollars
 Areas of Application
 · Manufacturing / Machining
 · Food / Beverage
 · Metals
 · Mining
 · Power
 · Petrochemical / Chemical
 · Conveyor control
 · Printed circuit board handling equipment
 · SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)
 · Remote pump/lift station (water/wastewater)
 · Flow monitoring for leak detection (Oil & Gas)
 · Strapping machinery / trash compactors
 · Palletizers
 · Compressor control
 · Amusement park rides and attractions
 · Hard-wired relay panels or Single Board Computers
 · Many, many more
 How does a PLC differ from a
computer?
 · A computer is optimized for calculation
and display tasks
 · A computer is programmed by specialists
 · A PLC is designed for (logic) control and
regulation tasks
 · A PLC is programmed by non-specialists
 · A PLC is well adapted to industrial
environment
 Advantages of PLCs Compared to
Relay Control Panels
 Programming a PLC is easier than wiring a relay
control panel
 PLC can be reprogrammed
 PLCs take less floor space
 Greater reliability, easier maintenance
 PLC can be connected to computer systems
(CIM)
 PLCs can perform a greater variety of control
functions
 Typical PLC Operating Cycle
1. Input scan – inputs are read by processor and
stored in memory
2. Program scan – control program is executed
Input values stored in memory are used in the
control logic calculations to determine values
of outputs
3. Output scan – output values are updated to
agree with calculated values
 Time to perform the three steps (scan time)
varies between 1 and 25 msec
 PLC Programming
 Graphical languages:
1. Ladder logic diagrams – most widely used
2. Function block diagrams – instructions composed of
operation blocks that transform input signals
3. Sequential function charts – series of steps and
transitions from one state to the next (Europe)
 Text-based languages:
1. Instruction list - low-level computer language
2. Structured text – high-level computer language
THANK YOU