IIPM

WELFARE ECONOMICS

ASSIGNMENT

PREPARED BY: SUBMITTED

TO:

SANEL K. NAIR PROF. USHA

VENKATESH
PGP/SS/09-11/IIPM-I

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Q.1 Market Regulation & working of
Regulators
Ans: Regulation is essential for the functioning of society and the
economy. But poor-quality regulations can impose unnecessary costs
on the community, innovation and stifle competitive pressures. This is
aimed at building policy support and skills which promote high-quality
regulations in member countries. Particular emphasis is placed on
researching and disseminating information on good practices relating
to regulatory policy, institutions and tools. The main areas of work
addressed by the division are listed under. Laws and regulations
sometimes affect the nature and degree of competition, so it's valuable
to assess those effects when comparing policy options. Well focused
regulations that do not unduly restrict competition are more likely to
achieve their objectives and enhance consumer welfare. Assessment
and advocacy with a view to enhancing competition is an important
role for government officials and the public policy community.

Facilitating trade is about streamlining and simplifying

international trade procedures in order to allow for easier flow of goods
and trade at both national and international level. OECD analyses the
benefits and costs of trade facilitation efforts and also provides support
to WTO discussions in this area. Launched in 2001, the OECD e-
Government Project explores how governments can best exploit
information and communication technologies (ICT), good governance
principles and achieves public policy goals. The Project produces
reports on best practices and develops frameworks for addressing
issues such as cost/benefit analysis, e-services and take-up. It also
carries out country peer reviews on e-government. These reviews place
e-government in a national context, and help identify the strengths and
weaknesses of national e-government program.

Q.2 Regulation in India and real situation

Ans: In India there are many regulators -- namely the Reserve Bank
of India, SEBI, FMC, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority --
who supervise various financial markets. Another regulator for pension
funds Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority is waiting
in the wings. These regulators, as in other countries, have an obvious

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overlap between their functions. Hence one section of experts is in
favor of moving towards a unified regulatory regime with strong
supportive arguments. But, we need to look into the suitability and
benefits over costs of such a move in the Indian context.

Employment laws in India and Zimbabwe require employers to

obtain permission from the government to retrench or lay off workers.
The effect of these laws on the demand for employees in 64
manufacturing Industries is examined using time series data. Little
evidence is found indicating slower adjustments in employment levels
and hence retardation in any structural adjustment following the new
laws. However, in both countries a substantial decline in the demand
for employees (other things equal) followed the new legislation. In
Zimbabwe it is difficult to be precise about a causal connection
between the drop in the demand for labor (allowing for concurrent
increased wages) and the new legislation because enactment occurred
simultaneously with Independence; however, the current economic
climate induced high levels of investment in capital but not
investments in long-term commitments to employees. But in India
further evidence supports a causal connection: larger establishments
covered by the job security regulations tended to experience a decline
the demand for labor while smaller, uncovered enterprises in the same
industries did not; moreover the decline in demand for employees
across industries in India was larger where the private sector
predominates, where larger establishments covered by the new laws
are important, and where a smaller proportion of employees are union
members. Thus in both countries the policy implemented to protect
jobs may have resulted in far fewer jobs.

A review of traditional welfare theory. We trace its evolution from

classical utilitarianism to modern neoclassical welfare theory and
discuss recent contract Arian interpretations. But while we distinguish
between utilitarian, neoclassical, and contract Arian formulations and
compare their advantages and disadvantages, our major purpose is to
understand the essential features of traditional welfare theory as a
whole and identify the paradigm it seeks to represent. How the
traditional concept of the production function has obfuscated important
effects of private enterprise on the labor process. We review
challenges from the "conflict school" and "segmented labor market"
traditions to standard conclusions that profit maximization in
competitive environments

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Q.3Reduction in welfare compromising policies
and process situation
Ans: The Global Philanthropy Forum aims to build a community of
donors and social investors committed to international causes, and to
inform, enable and enhance the strategic nature of their giving and
social investing. By continually refreshing a lasting learning
community, the GPF seeks to increase the number of philanthropists
who will be strategic in pursuit of international causes. We share a
conviction that individuals are not only capable of advancing human
security, environmental stewardship, and improved quality of life, but
that they must.

The Global Philanthropy Forum Conference is intended for

individuals who have made a significant commitment to philanthropy,
and executives from private, public, and corporate foundations.
Participation in the conference is by invitation only, and invitations are
not transferable. Registration is now OPEN to all individuals who
received an invitation to the 9th Annual Global Philanthropy Forum
Conference. This conference has sold out each year, so please register
as soon as you are able to confirm your availability. In the event that
we reach our registration capacity prior to you submitting your
registration, your name will be added to a waitlist.

To register online, you will need your registration identification number

and a valid email address, which is shown on the printed registration
sheet included with your mailed invitation and in the email sent on
December 10th. Please note that your registration number is uniquely
matched to your name, and will only allow for your registration. Be
sure to enter the email address listed on your invitation/email. If your
invitation/email does not display an email address, you must enter one
on the next screen.

Q.4 Government of welfare enhancement

scheme

Ans: The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has a number of

schemes to cover the under-privileged sections of society and help
them with maternity, post and neo-natal healthcare and family
planning. Rehabilitation of Polio Victims and several financial
assistance schemes for surgery and other health problems. Counseling

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centres are also available across the country as part of the government
sponsored family welfare schemes.

Several important schemes are listed below:

• National Family Welfare Programme- India launched the

National Family Welfare Programme in 1951 with the objective of
"reducing the birth rate to the extent necessary to stabilise the
population at a level consistent with the requirement of the
National economy. The Family Welfare Programme in India is
recognised as a priority area, and is being implemented as a
100% centrally sponsored programme.

• National Population Policy- The National Population Policy,

2000 affirms the commitment of government towards voluntary
and informed choice and consent of citizens while availing of
reproductive health care services and continuation of the target
free approach in administering family planning services.

• National Rural Health Mission- The National Rural Health

Mission (2005-12) seeks to provide effective healthcare to rural
population throughout the country with special focus on 18
states, which have weak public health indicators and/or weak
infrastructure. The mission aims at effective integration of health
concerns with determinants of health like sanitation and hygiene,
nutrition and safe drinking water through a District Plan for
Health.

• Urban Family Welfare Schemes- This Scheme was introduced

following the recommendation of the Krishnan Committee in
1983. The main focus was to provide services through setting up
of Health Posts mainly in slum areas. The services provided are
mainly outreach of RCH services, preventive services, First Aid
and referral services including distribution of contraceptives.

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 • Sterilization Beds Scheme- A Scheme for reservation of
Sterilization beds in Hospital sun by Government, Local Bodies
and Voluntary Organisations was introduced as early as in the
year 1964 in order to provide immediate facilities for tubectomy
operations in hospitals where such cases could not be admitted
due to lack of beds etc. But later with the introduction of the Post
Partum Programme some of the beds were transferred to Post
Partum Programme and thereafter the beds were only sanctioned
to hospitals sun by Local Bodies and Voluntary Organisations.

• Reproductive and Child Health Programme- The

Reproductive and Child Health Programme was launched in
October 1997 incorporating new approach to population and
development issues, as exposed in the International Conference
in Population and Development held at Cairo in 1994.The
programme integrated and strengthened in
services/interventions under the Child Survival and Safe
Motherhood Programme and Family Planning Services and added
to the basket of services, new areas on Reproductive
Tract/Sexually Transmitted infections (RTI/STI).

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