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Functions and graphs.

Definitions.
A function is a relation between two numeric sets which
associates each element in the initial set with exactly one element
in the final set.

The initial set is call domain (dominio) and the final set is called
codomain or range (recorrido o conjunto imagen)
A function relates two kinds of variables, the independent
variable and the dependent variable. (variable independiente y
variable dependiente) The independent variable usually is called x
and we represent it in the axis of abscissas (eje de abscisas) while
the dependent variable is called y and we represent it in the axis of
ordinates (eje de ordenadas). Both axis together are called
coordinates axes (ejes de coordenadas), there is a special point
called origin of coordinates this point is (0,0).

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Functions can be expressed in different ways: using a table, using a

graph or using a formula, in this lesson we are going to study
functions and graphs.

Exercises.
1.-Allan’s plane landed at Halifax International Airport and he took a
shuttle bus to his hotel. The graph below shows the distance of the
bus from the airport over time as it travelled along its route. The
speed of the bus varied as it moved through light and heavy traffic,
and over highways and streets.

a) What are the independent and dependent variables?. How do

you measure them?

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b) What might the bus have been doing between minute 25 and
minute 30?
c) How many stops did it make along its route?
d) Explain how you can tell when the bus was stopped.
e) At one point, the bus got caught in traffic waiting for the cars
involved in an accident to be moved off the road.
 During what time period might this have happened?
How do you know?
 How long was the bus stopped at this point?
f) How can you tell from the graph that the bus returned to its
original starting point at the end of its route?
g) How far away from the airport did the bus travel?
h) Find the speed of the bus along the route at the following
times.
 between minute 0 and minute 5
 between minute 5 and minute 10
 between minute 100 and minute 110
i) Part of the route takes the bus along a highway. The road has a
greater speed limit than the city streets. Identify the part of the
graph that corresponds to the bus driving along the highway.

2.- Which of the following graphs best represents a car stopping at a

red light?

3.- Which of the following does not represent a function?

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4.- Indicate which graph matches the statement

5.- This graphic shows the concentration of an anesthetic in blood.

Answer the questions:
a) What are the independent and dependent variables? What units
do you use to measure them?
b) What is the initial dose?
c) What is the concentration after 10 minutes? And after 1 hour?

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d) Is this function an increasing function or a decreasing function?

6.- Associate each graph with the corresponding sentence:

a) Cost of a telephone call.

b) Height of a ball which is bouncing during the time.
c) Distance from home in a 30 minutes’ walk.
d) Water level in an empty swimming pool while you are filling it.

7.-The graphic below represents a students’ trip (by bus), it shows

the relationship between the time (in hours) and the distance (in
kilometers)

a) What are the independent and dependent variables?

b) How far was the place they visited? (answer in km.)
c) How long was the visit? (answer in hours).
d) Did they stop during the outward journey? And during the
return journey?
e) How long was the whole trip?

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8.- Rosa goes to the secondary school every day using a different
mean of transport. Associate each graph with the corresponding
sentence:

a) On Monday she goes by bicycle.

b) On Tuesday she uses her mother’s car (they stop to pick up
Luis).
c) On Wednesday she travels by bus (the bus stops many times).
d) On Thursday she walks.
e) On Friday she rides a motorcycle.

9.-This graph shows Antonio’s path from home to his job:

a) What are the independent and dependent variables?

b) How far is Antonio’s job from his home? How many minutes
did he spend on it?
c) Antonio stopped a while in a mate’s house. For how long was
he waiting?. How many kilometers are there between both
places (Antonio’s and his colleague’s house)?
d) What is Antonio’s speed during the first five minutes?

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VOCABULARY FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

-graph: gráfico

-numeric set: grupo numérico

-domain: dominio

-range: recorrido o conjunto imagen

-independent variable: variable independiente

-dependent variable: variable dependiente

-axis of abscissas: eje de abscisas

-axis of ordinates: eje de ordenadas

-coordinates axis: eje de coordenadas

-origin of coordinates: origen de coordenadas

-table: tabla

-to land: aterrizar

-shuttle bus: autobus de enlace entre el aeropuerto y la

ciudad

-speed: velocidad

-heavy traffic: tráfico denso

-highway: autopista

-starting point: punto de partida

-statement: afirmación

-pull into: llegar a una estación (terminal)

-let off: dejar bajar

-to elapse: transcurrir

-ferris wheel: noria

-at a steady pace: a una velocidad constant

-to swing:balancearse

- a swing: columpio

-to slide down: deslizarse

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-a slide: un toboggan

-anesthetic: anestésico

-increasing: creciente

-decreasing: decreciente

-to bounce:botar

- trip: viaje

-a mean of transport: un medio de transporte

-to pick up somebody: recoger a alguien con el coche

-path: camino

-mate/colleague: compañero

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