Chapter 21 Section 1

 Describe how vibrations cause sound

 Explain how sound is transmitted through

a medium

 Explain how the human ear works, and

identify its parts

 Identify ways to protect your hearing

 Have you ever heard a sand dune
sing??

 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/scienceno

 Some croak, squeak, whistle, or boom!

 Frequencies 500Hz - 2,500Hz
  Sound is created by vibrations

A vibration is a complete back-and-

forth motion of an object

http://image.tutorvista.com/content/wave-motion-sound/longitudinal-waves-rarefaction.jpeg
 A longitudinal wave cause by
compressions and vibrations traveling
through a medium

 Air particles vibrate back-and-forth along

the path that the wave travels

 Sound waves travel in all directions away

from their source
http://www.tpub.com/neets/book10/NTX1-14.GIF
 All sound waves require a medium

 Sounds waves can travel through air,

water, glass, and metal…

 In a vacuum, there are no particles to

vibrate (no sound)
 Your ears change sound waves into
electrical signals
 Outer ear: collects sound waves
(funnels them in)
 Middle ear: increases the size of the
vibrations
 Inner ear: organs change vibrations
into electrical energy
 Outer ear:
 Pinna
 Ear canal

 Middle ear:
 Eardrum
 Hammer, anvil, stirrup

 Inner ear:
 Cochlea

 Hair cells, auditory nerve, brain

http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/images/PEDS/19566/Normal_ear_anatomy.jpg
 Ifa tree falls in the forest and no one is
around to hear it fall, does the tree
make a sound??

 Making a sound vs. detecting a sound…

  Tinnitus – due to long term exposure
to loud sounds
 Damage to hair cells or cochlea
(permanent)
 Ringing in the ears

 Can affect people of any age

 Can be prevented

http://www.druckkammerzentrum-traunstein.de/HBO_Dateien_Tinnitus/Tinnitus.jpg
  Block out loud sounds with ear plugs

 Lower volume used on headphones

 Move away from loud sounds

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_tLoHEV37UR4/Rpe77Z_CdMI/AAAAAAAAAC0/y4sIc8UTxPk/s320/Tinnitus.jpg