3-D Projectors

• Projection on thin Air

By:-
Rushi .A. Trivedi (II EC)
Introduction
 What’s a projector?

 A projector is a device which

projects still images or videos onto
a screen. It tricks our eyes by
rapidly changing images-min. 24
images per sec.
 Types of Projectors
 2-D Projectors
Projectors which are able to create only 2-
Dimensional images
 3-D Projectors
Projectors which are capable of creating
3-Dimensional images
Available 3-D projectors
 The presently widely
used “so called” 3-D
projectors are made
with the help of
adjustable interocular
lenses. However, they
use a screen i.e., we
are viewing a 3-D
image on a 2-D plane!!
Types of 3-D projectors :-

 GAS TYPE

 CONDENSER TYPE
Types of 3-D projectors

 Gas-type
It uses lasers to project “real” 3-D images
into ether. The images are created by
blasting nitrogen and oxygen into air at fixed
points resulting in glowing plasma emissions
which hang-out just long enough to etch an
ephemeral image.
Preview of a Gas-Type 3-D
projector
Types of 3-D Projectors (contd.)

 Condenser type
A condenser type of Projector uses a high
resolution condenser which is capable of
producing temperature of about -30 degrees
centigrade. It causes a temporary still in the
air and the projector projects in thin air layer
which varies from 1.2 to 2.5 .
Preview of a Condenser
Working of a Gas Type Projector

 The gas type projector creates 3-D image

with the help of plasma emissions by blasting
nitrogen and oxygen into air.
 With improved lasers, scientists say they'll be
capable of projecting images at greater
distances with more color variation making
the device suitable for pyrotechnics or
outdoor advertising.
 A gas type projector is bulky, hard to operate,
hazardous and could be used only for
industrial purposes.
 Hence more emphasis is laid on condenser
type projectors in this presentation.
Principle Behind Condenser Type
 The main principle behind the 3-D projection
technique is total internal reflection which is a
consequence of refraction- a basic property of
light.
 A thin film of air is made with the help of a
cooling the air of certain region- specifically of a
few microns. Thus the velocity of the gaseous
molecules decreases and they become “still” for
a definite period of time.
Brewster’s Law
 According to Brewster’s Law,
tan ip = r
 which implies that at a particular
angle of incidence the ray is totally
reflected back into the medium and
there is no loss of light.
Line Diagram
 A ray of light strikes
on the condensed
air, the refractive
index of the air in
that particular
region is different
from the other
region, it undergoes
total internal
reflection and the
ray reflects back on
our eyes.
Construction Of Condensed Type
 A condensed type of projector consists of:-

>>A 3-D projector namely RBT 3-D Projector

101 or an I-max 3-D projector.
>>A high capacity Condenser which is
capable of producing a -30 degrees
temperature.
Working of a Condenser Type
 The ray of light is emitted from the projector. This
ray strikes the thin film of air made so. It should get
partly reflected and refracted. But however the
“construction” is made in “accordance” with the
Brewster law, such that the angle of incidence
allows total internal reflection. Hence, there is no
loss of light and we get maximum amount of light
reflected on our eyes.
 However there is a small amount of light lost due to
energy imparted to the gaseous molecules. The
image is thus projected in air having gaseous
molecules of properties different from usual
properties, i.e. having lesser thermal velocity.
Comparison between 2D and
3D projectors

3D Projectors 2D Projectors

Doesn’t require a screen. Requires a screen.

Images are of 3D type- Images are of 2-D type-

better quality normal quality.
Touch screen facility Touch screen facility isn't
available. yet invented.
Costly and not easily Cheap and is easily
portable portable.
Advantages of a 3-D projector
 It doesn’t require a screen to project an
image – it projects on thin air layer.
 The image clarity is better as compared to 2D
image because there is no loss of energy
involved in it.
 The image viewing is enhanced because we
can view a 3-D image in a 3-D space.
 We could connect PC monitors or TV sets to
it using cables or even WLAN.
Advantages of a 3-D projector
 Spectrography could be done with much
better precision and accuracy. For a simple
e.g. a NaCl crystal which we study in 2D
plane i.e. a book or on a screen could be
viewed actually in 3D space.
 Touch screen facility is available on a 3-D
projector.
Disadvantages:-
 It can’t be projected in open surroundings.
 Can’t be used in space works because it
can’t be operated in vacuum.
 It is not portable as the condensers are
heavy to be transported.
 Requires high electric consumption.
 Its costly, available around 20,000$ in
2006 but as the technology advances, it
will get cheaper.
 ~:Applications:~
• Presentations.
>>Presentations could be enhanced
with the help of 3D projectors.
• Study of crystal lattice.
>>As mentioned earlier, it could be
utilized in Spectrography for better
studies.
 ~:Applications:~
• In surgical purposes, such as in use
of CT Scan display.
>>The simple X-ray could be
displayed on a 3-D projector for
better viewing of the cracks and
fractures. Even CT Scan Displays
could be replaced with it by
connecting CT Scan to a PC and
then PC to a 3D projector.
 ~:Applications:~
• Displaying PC and TV screen with
touch facility (in air).
• Special effects.
>> Many special effects can be
produced with the help of
heliographic techniques which could
be helpful in advertisement
purposes.
View of a 3D projection of Skull an
application for medical science
Advertisement of a Car Using 3D
Projection
Research and Development
 The advancement is going on at a rapid speed.
In 2006, only 3D projectors were available
which could only give a display i.e. an output.
But today there is already a technique
invented by engineers which could build a
touch screen enabled in air projected.
Research and Development
 The invention of 3-D has opened the new paths for
the advancement in electronics. The flat screen panel
that we use in PCs and TVs would be replaced by
such 3-D projectors. We would even have touch
screens in air which would decrease the use of
keyboards and mouse and many other such I/O
devices. With the help of heliographic techniques
and the use of 3-D projectors, the future of mankind
is very bright.
Display of touch screen in air
Conclusion
 The use of 3-D projectors should be
emphasized as it gives better picture
resolution, more clarity and flexibility.
Though its costly, it opens many new
areas of electronics world. Sooner or later
the prices of the 3-D projectors would be
decreased and would be affordable. The
presentations and holographic views can
be viewed with better vision. The extent of
its application depends upon the limit of
our innovative ideas and thinking.
Any Queries??