TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANT

FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER

♦ COMPUTER (Commonly Operating Machine Purposely Used For Technical

Educational Research)

The word “computer” comes from the word ‘compute’, which means to calculate. So a
computer is normally consider being a calculating device perform arithmetic operation.
Computer is an electronic device, which take data on row form, stores and process it and
gives output in a meaningful form.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER

1. Speed
A computer is a very fast device .it can perform in a few second the amount of work that
a human being can do in an entire year. Powerful computer capable of performing about 3 or 4
million simple arithmetic operation per second.

2.Accuracy
The accuracy of computer is consistently high and the degree of accuracy of a particular
computer depend upon its design but for a particular computer each and every calculation is
performed with the same accuracy

3.No Feeling
Computers are devoid of emotion. They have no feeling and no instincts because they are
machine although men have succeeded in building a memory for the computer, but no computer
possesses the equivalent of a human heart and soul. They are only as good as man makes and
uses them.

4.verstality
Versatility is one of the most wonderful things about the computer .it is preparing the
result of particular examination, it is busy preparing electricity bills, and in between, it may be
helping an office secretary to trace an important letter in second.

5.Power Of Remembering.
As a human being acquires new knowledge, the brain subconsciously what it feels to be
important and worth retaining in its memory, and relegates unimportant details to the back of the
mind or just forget them. With computer, this is not the case. A computer can store and recall
any amount of information of its secondary storage capability.

6.Diligence
Unlike human being, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, lack of concentration,
etc, and hence can work for hours together without creating any error and without grumbling if

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ten million calculation have to be performed, a computer will perform the ten million calculation
with exactly the same accuracy and speed as the first one

PARTS OF COMPUTERS

CABINET
Power on/off switch
Cabinet is which we can set the part of computer
like (MOTHERBOARD, RAM, CPU, SMPS etc).
The cabinet contains two types one is AT (advance
technology) and other type is ATX

Power on indicator

HDD Indicator Light

Reset
button

Input device (keyboard, mouse, scanner, card reader….)

Numeric
Function keys KEYBOARD
pad
The keys on the keyboard resemble keys of a
typewriter, besides typing alphabet and number.
They carry out different command and function .key
board key 108 or more than 112.the keyboard divide
in five parts (numeric pads, alphabetical pads,
function keys, arrows keys or special keys.

Special keys

Alphabetical pad Arrows keys

Scrolling Right click MOUSE

Mouse is a hand operated input device use to move the
position of curser on the screen or to select option
mouse has either two or three buttons mouse can be
clicked or double clicked task like to select an icon on
the screen or open the select document
Scroll Mouse
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Left click

Scanner
Scanner is an input device .it is also a peripheral part as it is attached to the computer. Whenever
needed, it is first like a photocopy machine. It scans image or text and sends the copy of image to
the computer

Card reader
A card reader reads the information punched into a card, converting the presence or absence of a
hole into an electrical signal representing a binary 0 or 1. Thus the hole in a card is converted
into coded electrical pulses that CPU can accept. The data reads at the two stations are then
compared to verify the accuracy of the input operation. If the two reads match, the card accepts
the data reader. If there is a mismatch, the card reader stops and an error message is given to the
operator

Output device (Monitor, Printer, Plotter…)

 Printer

Dot Matrix printer Inkjet Printer Laser printer

A printer is an output device, which gives the result in printed form, for letter reference. A
printer can be either black and white & colured. Printer can be divided into two main
categories

1. Impact printer

 DMP (Dot Matrix Printer)

These printers print each character as a pattern of dots .the print head comprise a matrix of tiny
needles, typically seven rows with nine needles in each (9*7) matrix), which hammer out
character in the form of pattern of tiny dots.
The print quality of a dot-matrix printer is inferior to that a daisy wheel printer. But dot-matrix
printers are generally faster than letter quality printer-in the range of 40 to 250 characters per
second.

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 DWP (Daisy Wheel Printer)

Daisy wheel printer also known as the name of letter quality printer, each Patel of the daisy
wheel has a character embossed on it. A motor spins the wheel at a rapid rate. When the desired
character spins to the correct position, a printer hammer strikes it to produce the output. Daisy
wheel printers are impact printer. The speed of this letter quality printer normally ranges from 10
to 50 characters per second.

 C&BP (Chain And Band Printer)

They use a rapidly moving chain called a print chain each link of the chain is a character font.
Some models of printer use a metal band having raised print character on it. For each possible
print position, there is a print hammer located behind the paper. As the print chain on the band
rotates. A standard character set is of 48 character .so chain printer that use the 64 set or the 96
set repeats the character fewer times than the standard set. Speed of chain printer range from 400
to 2500 characters per minute.

2. Non-impact printer

 Inkjet printer
These are non-impact printer based on a relatively new technology. They printer character by
spraying small drop of ink onto paper.
Special type of ink having high iron content is used. Droplets of ink are electrically charged after
leaving a nozzle. Inkjet printer produce high quality output because the character are formed by
dozen of tiny inks dots. There is normally 132 or 136 print position per line. Some printer even
has a line length of 120 character and a few have a line length of 140 character.

 Thermal printer
These printer uses beat a chemical treated paper to from character. Fax machine that use rolls of
paper are also of this printer.

 Laser printer
These printer works alike a copy machine I\using tones and a heat bar. Laser printer can produce
pages of output at a rate equal to a paper copier. Each page produced on this printer is an original
one since there are no carbon copies. Because of there extremely high cost, these printer only
when hundreds of thousand of pages to be printed each month.

Monitor

It is a soft copy output device. This output device is used to display

the result on the screen. Monitor like a TV. It is also known as the
visual display. Monitor can display graphics and text. The size of a
monitor is measured in inches diagonally across the speed i.e. 15, 17,
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Plotter

A plotter is an output device used to produce hard copies of graph and design. Plotters are
basically of two types-drum and flatbed. In case of a drum plotter, the paper on which the design
has to be made is placed over a drum that rotates back and forth to produce vertical motion; pens
having ink of different colors can be mounted in different holder to produce multi-color design.

The Computer Generation (Advantage And Disadvantage)

Generation in computer talk is a step in technology .it provides a framework for the growth of
the computer industry. Originally the term generation was used to distinguish between varying
hardware technology. It has been extended to include both the hardware and software, which
together make up an entire computer system.

First generation (1942-1955)

We have already discussed about some of the early computer –ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC etc.
these machine and other of their time were made possible by the invention of “vacuum tube”.
Which was a fragile glass device that could control and amplify electronic signals. These
vacuum tube computers are referred to as first generation computers.

 Advantage
1.Vacuum tubes were the only electronic components available during those days.
2.Vacuum tube technology made possible the advent of electronic digital computer.
3.These computers were the fastest calculating devices of their time. They could perform
computation
in millisecond.

 Disadvantage
1.Too bulky in size, unreliable
2.Air condition required, nonportable
3.Commercial production was difficult and costly, limit commercial area.

Second generation (1955-1964)

A transistor, a smaller and more reliable successor to the vacuum tube, was invented in
1947.however; computers that used transistor were not produced in quantity until over a decade
later. The second generation emerged with transistor being the brain of the computer.

 Advantage
1.Smaller in size compared to first generation computers.
2.More reliable, better portability
3.Less heat generated, wide commercial use.

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 Disadvantage
1.Air condition required.
2.Commercial production was difficulty and costly.
3.Frequent maintenance required.

Third generation (1964-1975)

Advance in electronic technology continued and the advent of “microelectronics” technology
made it possible to integrate large number of circuit elements into very small surface of silicon
known as ‘chips’. This new technology was called ‘integrated circuit. The third generation based
on IC technology and the computer that were designed with the use of integrated circuit were
called third generation computers.

 Advantage
1.Smaller in size as compared to previous computer.
2.Even lower heat generated than second generation computers.
3.Maintenance cost is low,easy portable,totally generel purpose
4.Commercial production was easier and cheaper.

 Disadvantage
1.Air condition required in many cases.
2.highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacture of IC chips.

Fourt generation(1975 onward)

Intially , the integrated circuits contained only about ten to twenty components.this
technology was named small scale integration(SSI)

MEMORY UNIT

1.Primary Memory

a)Ram
Random access memory ,which is a part of primary memory can be accessed randomly.it is
volatile in nature.when the power is switched of any data or instruction written into ram is
lost.access speed of ram is very fast than of any secondary storage.

b)Rom
It is chip where information is hardwired(written permanently which cannot be erased).in
rom,when power supply is switched off the information does not get erased or lost unlike
ram.information can be written only once of these kind of chips,it is written at the time of
manufacturing only.

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2.Secondary Memory

a)Floppy Disk

Floppy diskette
The capacity of disk is measured in bytes. a byte is a
single character. it can be a leter,or a number or a
special character.each block is called a sector.the
different disk capacities are determined by the number
of track per side,no of sector per track,no of byte per
Floppy Disk sector and no of side in use.
Follwing type of diskette drive
Single sided (160 kb/180 kb)
Double sided (320 kb/360kb)
High capacity(1.2 mb)

b)Hard Disk Hard disk: - This is the permanent disk of computer

and it stores all the data of the computer system. First
hard disk of Seagate in 1980’s generated. Today’s its
capacity is available in GB, TB…

HARD DISK

c)Compact Disk

Cd (Compact Disc) is used to store any data in

writable cd. High capacity of data storage
blank cd is 700 M.B.Total time 80 minutes
Dvd (digital versatile disk) This is advance
technology of cd.its media is too good from cd
high capacity of dvd is 4.7 GB to 8.5 GB
Compact Disk invented in 1995

TYPES OF COMPUTER
a) Based on purpose
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i) Analog computer
Analog computer represent number by a physical quantity, that is they assign numeric values by
physically measuring some actual property, such as the length of an object, an angle or voltage.

ii) Digital computer

Digital computer represents data as number or separate units. Unlike to analog computer. Digital
computers can accurately represent the data using as many position and number as necessary

iii) Hybrid computer

Hybrid computer have the good features of both analog and digital computers. They have the
speed of an analog computer and accuracy of a digital computer. Hybrid computer control the air
traffic and the read of national defense

b) Based in performance, size and cost

i) Micro computer
Microcomputer is the smallest computer system. Their size range from calculator size to
desktop size. It can perform same operation and can use same type of instruction as other
computer. Its CPU is a microprocessor.

ii) Mini Computers

There is also small general-purpose system. But unlike most micros they typically serve
multiple users. Such system is called a multi user system

iii) Mainframe Computers

Mainframe computer are those computers that offer faster processing speed and greater
storage area. They are also multi user.

iv) Super Computer

Finally super computers are those computers, which are designed for scientific jobs like
weather forecasting and artificial intelligence. Etc. faster and more expensive.

PROCESSING DEVICE

CPU TYPES SPEED

P-I 100 mhz to 233 mhz
P-II 266 mhz to 438 mhz
P-III 450 mhz to 1.3 ghz
P-IV 1.4 ghz to 3.41 ghz
P-V 3.42 ghz to ….

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M/S DOS( DISK OPERATING SYSTEM)

 To set or see the date on the console window.

C:\date

 To set or see the time on the console window.

C:\time

 To see the windows version.

C:\ver

 Change the drive label.

C:\label

 Check the label you have inset the label command.

C:\vol

To create a file

C:\copy con Mukesh(file name any)

 To clear the screen

C:\Cls

 To exit M/s dos

C:\Exit

 To save a file after inserting matter.

C:\ copy con Mukesh

Mukesh verma is a computer faculty in TASA-23 institute
F6 (or) ctrl+z

 To delete a file

C:\del Mukesh

 To view two file on screen together.

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C:\Fc ( first file name) ( second file name)

 To Merge other file matter into a file.

C:\Merge (first file name)+ (second file name)

 Dir Commands

C:\Dir  Shows all files and directory.

C:\Dir/p  Show all files and directory with page wise.

C:\dir\w  Show all files and directory with width wise.

C:\dir\4  Show date with century.

C:\dir/aa  Show only files

C:\dir/ad  Show only directory.

C:\dir\on  Show files and directory in ascending order.

C:\dir\o-n  Show files and directory in descending order.

C:\dir\od  Show directory and files old date to new date.

C:\dir\o-d  Show directory and files new date to old date.

C:\dir/ah  Show all hidden files and directory.

 Make a directory

C:\Md Mukesh (Directory Name)

 To change or insert into a directory

C:\Cd Mukesh (insert into a dir)

 To exit single directory

C:\Mukesh> cd..

 To exit all directory

C:\Mukesh>amit>sachin> cd \
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 To remove a directory

C:\rd Mukesh( dir remove if directory is blank/otherwise delete all files and
directory who exist in a directory)

Mode command

C:\ mode 40 ( To maximize size of character)

C:\ mode 80 ( To default size of character)

While card command

C:\ dir a * ( Show all files and directory who start A alphabet)

C:\dir m??o? ( If you not remember the files name character than you will use
Place of ?)

More command

C:\Type Mukesh | more

Attrib command

C:\ attrib +h or - h ( To hidden or show - files and directory)

C:\ attrib +r or – r ( To protect or unprotect – files and directory)

Ren command

C:\ren (old name) Mukesh (new name) amit

Move command

C:\move c:\Mukesh\a c:\ ( save A file to c drive)

C:\move c:\Mukesh\a c:\amit\ ( save a file matter into a amit name directory)

To Save Data in FDD( Floppy Disk Drive)

C:\diskcopy c:\Mukesh\ *.* a:\ ( a is the path of FDD)

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Copy command

C:\ copy Mukesh\amit c:\sachin ( amit is a file exist in Mukesh dir , copy in
sachin dir)

XCopy command

/S  System file
/E  Empty dir or file
/P  proper file

C:\Xcopy /s/e/p c:\Mukesh c:\amit

(Copy to all files and dir exist in Mukesh, into amit dir)

To Edit/Modify in a file

C:\Edit Mukesh( Edit in Mukesh file)

Doskey

C:\doskey ( To store all key you have write on M/S dos press F7 and see)
C:\doskey /reinstall ( To remove all previous stores command and newly store)

Prompt command

C:\ prompt Mukesh ( The c drive name change into Mukesh)

Mukesh:\> prompt $p$g ( To current c drive path)
C:\prompt $d ( To show date)
C:\prompt $t ( To show time)
C:\prompt $v ( To show windows version)
C:\prompt $g ( To show greater than sign)
C:\prompt $l ( To show less than sign)

INTERNAL COMMANDS

Those commands which have no need if executable file to run, other than commands,
which always present in system are called internal commands.
Example:-DATE, TIME, CLS, COPY CON, TYPE MD, CD, RD etc

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EXTERNAL COMMANDS

These commands always need a particular executable file to run.

Example: - FORMAT, DISKCOPY, MODE, LABEL, MORE

DIFFRENCE BETWEEN COPY AND XCOPY COMMAND

The copy command is used to copy the file into a directory but on the other hand xcopy
command is used to copy the files and directory into a blank directory.

Run commands

M/s paint  pbrush

Word-pad  write
Notepad  notepad
MS-word  winword
MS-excel  excel
MS-power point  powerpnt
MS-access  MSaccess
Control panel  control
Explorer  explorer

Windows

Window is a multi user operating system, which interface between user & computer. it also
provide platform to the other software without windows we cannot run our programmed
which need the window platform.

Notepad

Notepad is used to create or edit text files that do not require formatting and it is smaller
than 6 kb.
Notepad open and save file in ASCII ( text only) format .the default extension if notepad is
.txt
You cannot accidentally save special formatting in documents that need to remain pure
text. This is especially useful when creating HTML documents for a Web page because
special characters or other formatting may not appear in your published Web page or may
even cause errors.

WordPad

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With WordPad, you can create and edit simple text documents or documents with complex
formatting and graphics. You can link or embed information from other documents into a
WordPad document. You can save your WordPad file as a text file, rich text file, text file for
MS-DOS, or Unicode. These formats provide greater flexibility when working with other
programs. Documents that use multiple languages should be saved as rich text files.

Character map

It shows all the 256 character of a particular form with its keystrokes. Any one character can be
copied & pasted into a document. It works with windows based programs.

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M/S PAINT

FREE FORM SELECT SELECT

ERASER FILL COLOUR

PICK COLOUR MAGNIFIER
PENCIL
BRUSH
BRUSH
TEXT
LINE CURVE
RECTANGLE POLYGON
ELLIPSE ROUNDED RECTANGLE

DIFFERENT STYLE
OF LINE

PAINT is a drawing tool you can use to create simple or elaborate drawings. These drawings
can be either black-and-white or color, and can be saved as bitmap files. You can print your
drawing, use it for your desktop background, or paste it into another document. You can even
use Paint to view and edit scanned photos.

FILE MENU

NEW :-
New command is used to insert a new file

OPEN:-
Open command is used to open a save file

SAVE:-
Save command is used to save a file you can give any name of file and save it.

SAVE AS:-
Save as command is used to save file to another name the name will be change into other name

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PRINT PREVIEW:-
To use this command you have see the preview of the page, before the printing of the page

PRINT:-
To print out of a paper you have click on the print command

SEND:-
You can send the image to other server

SET AS WALLPAPER:-

Set as Background (Tiled) covers the desktop with repetitions of your picture.

Set as Background (Centered) places your picture in the center of the desktop.
EXIT
. the M/S paint
Exit

EDIT MENU
UNDO:-
It reverse the last command or delete the last entry you type to reverse to more than one action at
a time click the arrow next to end than click the action you want to undo

REPEAT:-
It repeats your last command or action if possible when you use the undo command to reverse or
action the repeat command change to redo. The redo commands use the action of the undo
command.

CUT:-
It removes the selection from the active document and places it on the clipboard. This option is
available if the text and object is select.

COPY:-
It copies the selection to the clipboard. This option is available if the text and object is selected.

PASTE:-
It insert the contents of the clipboard at the instruction and replace any selection this command is
available only if you have cut or copies an object text

CLEAR ALL:-
It deletes the selected objects and text without putting it on the clipboard. This command is
available only it an object or text is selected. You cannot paste the contents after delete.

SELECT ALL:-
It select the entire file

COPY TO:-
Copy to command is used to copy the image to another file .firstly you can select the area you
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Paste from:-
Paste from command is used to insert another file matter in active file.

VIEW
Toolbox:-
You can hide/show the toolbox click on it.

Color box:-
You can show/hide the color box

Status bar:-
You cannot see the height or width you can drag the active tool .if you off the status bar.

Text toolbar:-
You can set any font, size, or style click on it.

Zoom:-
You can set the page to zoom in % or actual size.

View bitmap:-
You can see before set the wallpaper preview.

IMAGE
Flip/rotate:-
You can set the selection of image in horizontal, vertical or a angle.

Stretch/skew:-
You can stretch the size of selection vertical or horizontal

Invert color:-
You can see the reverse color of selection color.

Attributes:-
You can set the page size in inches, centimeter, or pixels

Clear image:-
You can clear the selection image or active page.

Draw opaque:-
The selection is hide/show of drag another image if you click on it will be appearing.

EDIT COLOR

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Color-you can also add extra color you want to ser .click add to custom color.

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MICROSOFT WORD

INTRODUCTION
It is an application software .it is a part of M-S office package Microsoft word. It is used to
create report, bio-data any type of written work and mainly in letter. In ms-word you can work
documentation .It is an advance version of WordPad in ms-word you can work in pages .The
default file name of word file in document1. It has some features.
 Mail merge
 Auto correct
 Spelling & grammar
 Protect document
 Microphone recording etc.

FILE MENU
New (Ctrl+N)
Create a new blank file use the new option.

Open (Ctrl+O)
Open the file.

Close (Ctrl+W)
Close the active file

Save (Ctrl+S)
Save the current file.

Save as (F12)
Save the file in different name and different location.

Save as web page

It save your active file in Html format .so it can be displayed in web browser and you can set
other option such as web page

Web page preview

It opens the Internet explorer and displayed your current file as a web page so that you can see
row it will look before publishing.

Version
It save and manage multiple version of a document you can go back and open print an delete
earlier version

Page setup
It is used to set margin from left right top and bottom, paper size orientation of paper like portrait
landscape and other layout option of the active file.

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Print preview (Ctrl+F2)

It shows how a file read look before new printed. it show entire pages in document.

Print(Ctrl+P)
It print the active file or selected item .you can set the other option such as printer name, paper
size, orientation, range an number copy that you want

Send to
Mail receipt: it is used to send the content of the document as the body of e-mail message.
Microsoft PowerPoint: it sends your active file content in PowerPoint and create
presentation automatically.

Properties
It displays the information about the active file like general option summary, line, word etc.

Exit(Alt+F4)
It close application of M/S word.

EDIT MENU

Undo (ctrl+Z)
It reverse the last command or delete the last entry you type to reverse to more than one action at
a time click the arrow next to end than click the action you want to undo.

Repeat (Ctrl+Y)
It repeats your last command or action if possible when you use the undo command to reverse or
action the repeat command change to redo. The redo commands use the action of the undo
command.

Cut (Ctrl+X)
It remove the selection from the active document and place it on the clipboard. This option is
available if the text and object is select.

Copy (Ctrl+C)
It copies the selection to the clipboard. This option is available if the text and object is selected.

Paste (Ctrl+V)
It insert the contents of the clipboard at the instruction and replace any selection this command is
available only if you have cut or copies an object text.

Paste special
It allows you to paste txt without formatting or even from other software. It is use to paste
special things.
Microsoft word document object when you click this potion is display an icon which creates a
new file in the active file

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Picture: It paste to the text in a picture format

Unformatted text: It paste to the text without format

Paste as Hyperlink
It insert the contents of the clipboard as a hyperlink at the incretion point this command is
available only if you have cut or copied the contents official or data.

Clear
It deletes the selected objects and text without putting it on the clipboard. This command is
available only it an object or text is selected. You cannot paste the contents after delete.

Select All(Ctrl+A)
It select the entire file

Find(Ctrl+F)
This command will find for you the exact text which is mention in its box and will stop for
further action normally the finding of the text starts from the position where the curser is.

Replace(Ctrl+H)
It replace the specified text in to new text

Goto(Ctrl+G)
It moves the incretion point to the item you want to go you can moves to a page no, line no,
bookmark, comment, full note etc.

Links
It display or changes information to each link in the current file including the name and location
of the sores file this command is available it he current file contents the link with other file.

Object (Edit/open)
It activates the application in which the selected objects words created so you changes in the
click edit to activate the objects in place and click open to activate the object in a separate
window.

VEIW

Normal View (Alt+Ctrl+N)

it is a default view which is us for most word prossesing task such as typing,editing and
formatting it is not true fall wisely (what you see is what you type)
It hide some information such as header & footer, comments full note page not etc.

Web layout
It is an editing view that display your documents it will appear in a web browser and or Internet
explorer
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Print layout (Alt+Ctrl+P)

This word give you the preview of the page as it would look as it would look like when printing

Outline (Alt+Ctrl+O)
In this view you can work with the structure of your file in outline for if you need to organize &
develop the content of your file in heading. you can work without in layout.

Toolbars
It show/hide the toolbar like standard ,formatting ,drawing etc.

Ruler
It is used to show or hide the ruler.

Document map
The document map is separate pane that display a list of heading in the document. use the
document quickly browse through the document and keep track of your location in it.

Header & footer

Header appear on the top of the page & footer appear on the bottom of the page .when you need
to give the same type of information in the top and bottom area of the page you used header &
footer.

Footnote
It display the footnotes & endnotes so that you can view and edit item

Comments
It display the comments which is make by the user

Full screen
It allows you to see your document on the full screen with out the menus

Zoom
It allows you to make the size of the document bigger on the screen

Insert Menu

Break (Alt+Enter)
It allows you to insert various type of breaks in your document like page break column break &
section break

Page no
It inserts page no at the top area and the bottom area of the page. It will automatically operated
when you add or delete the pages

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Date & time (Alt+Shift+D)

It is use to add date and time at the insertion point in the format you Choose.

Auto text (Alt+F3)

It is used to using the command you can insert you document various option of predefined text
like attention line, closing or letter, subject line etc.

Field
Field is an information about your document file use filed to insert a variety of information
automatically and to keep the information into date such as page no create date of file user name
number of words in file character of file etc.

Symbol
It insert symbol and any special character from the fonts that are installed your computer.

Comment (Alt+Ctrl+M)
It inserts the comments of the selection the comment text will be show in yellow color.

Footnote (Alt+Ctrl+F)
Footnote & endnote are used in a printing document to explain comment or an provide
references for text in a document you can include for footnote & endnote appears at the end of a
document.

Caption
Caption is a number label such as paragraph one figure one etc that you can add to a table figure
and other such items you can give the caption label and format of number symbol for different
type of items you can easily add or delete the caption number all at once

Cross reference
A cross reference is a reference to that item than appear in another location in a document for
example “ see figure no page 3 “. You can also create cross reference to headings footnote
bookmark numbering captions and show on

Index and table

This is a multiple command it allows you to create different type of indexes index. It is the one,
which appears wall, at the back of the book. From here you can mark the entries have to come
over there.

Table of content
It is the one which you see in the beginning of the book and show the page no where the text
appears in the book

Picture
It is use to insert the picture from clip art, gallery, picture from file, auto shapes, word art, from
scanner and chart.

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TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANT

Text box
It insert the text box in which you can write the Metter.

File
It inserts the part of a file or hole file into your file at the insertion point.

Object
There are various type of object which you can insert your document for example: you can insert
a graphic from CorelDraw a spreadsheet from the excel a bit map from m/s point etc.

Bookmark (Ctrl+Shift+F5)
A bookmark is a location in your document or a selection of text that you name for reference
purpose after you place a bookmark you can return you the same location again and again by
selection the bookmark when you use go to feature. You can also delete to bookmark

Hyperlink (Ctrl+K)
It is provide link to various website if you want to create a link in your document than use this
command.

Format menu

Font(Ctrl+D)
We can change the font and character spacing and special effect using font command.

Paragraph (Alt+Shirft+Right arrow)

We can change Para indent, alignment of a text spacing of the selected text

Bullet and numbering (Alt/Ctrl+Shift+L)

We can set the different type of bullet giving text and number in different type you have choose.

Border & shading

We can set the border of paper of different type, and text border or shading in a text

Columns (Ctrl+Shift+Enter)
Change the columns number of the selected text

Tab
To set the stopping of tab as you want to stop according to the ruler.

Drop line
Format a letter word or selected text with a large initial or dropped and it can appear in the left
margin or dropped from the base line of the first line in the paragraph.

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TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANT

Text direction
You can rotate the text in text box bottom,left,right as you want.

Change case (Shift+F3)

You can change the case of text in upper,lowe,toggle and sentence case.

Background
We can fill the color in the page background or picture and different type of color using the
background command.

Themes
Applied a new or different themes or remove a themes in a web page ,document e -mail message
or data access page. a themes is a part of unified design elements and color scheme for
background , bullet, font and other document elements

Style
To create a new style with different style as you want you can applied and delete a style.

Object
You can give the line color, fill color and other type of formatting the selected object

Tools menu

Spelling and grammar (F7)

We can change or mark correction with in help of spelling& grammar.

Language:
i) Set language
Designates the language to selected test in a file that contents more than one language

ii) Hyphenation
With the help of hyphenation we can hyper note our document automatically

iii) Thesaurus (Shift+F7)

To get the synonym and antonym of the any word.

Word count
We can count the number of word paragraphs character with space and with the help of word
count

Auto summarize
We can make a summery for a paragraph a by highlight the repainting of the paragraph in follow
color this can we done with the helping auto summarize.

Auto correct:
Correct to initial capital
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TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANT

It corrects the word, which contains to initial capital letter charactering to the required case.

Capitalize first letter of the sentence

It capitalize first character of the sentence

Capitalize name of days

It changes the name of a days from small letter to capital letter

Track changes
 Highlight changes
 Track changes while edit
 Highlight changes on the screen

Highlight changes on the printed document (Ctrl+Shift+E)

This option make you see the changes which are made by the different use on a different format
it highlight the changes in different format

Accept or reject changes

You can make your changes permanent or retrieve your old data that on the same position
Compare document
In this option we can compare two different type of document and see the changes between than.

Merge document
A merge document we can merge on file into the other file

Protect document
In protect document we can give password an protect our document in three different ways
1.comment 2.forms 3.track changes

Mail merge
Firstly weekly on male merge with the help of mail merge we can make the data days for letter
mails e-mails etc. we can also make different envelope &labels with the help of mail merge.
Create-form letter-active window-get data-create data source –choose the field-ok-save any
name-edit data source-fill require entry then place the fill entry and click on merge to new
document.

Envelope & labels

 Envelope
Click on envelope and letter than we will have to give delivery address

 Labels
We will click on this option than it show many type of labels w can male envelope of different
style of label with the help of label by choosing different size and different format of that.

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TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANT

Letter wizard
With the help of letter wizards we can make a different letter we can give a very good looking
format to our letter which has a very good starting and ending points.

Macros (Alt+F8)
Macros is the function by which we can make a shoot of command by shortcut key through
keyboard and rum anytime as our require.

Customize
With the help of customize command you can change the menu bar as well as toolbar you can
insert & remove different type of command.

Customize keyboard

By customize keyboard we can make a shortcut key firstly we will give any short key and than
we will click on assign tab.

Commands.
You can inserts different type of commands

Toolbar
You can make a new toolbar by toolbar option

Option
In the option you can make the whole toolbar and assign the shortcut key.

What is the table?

A group table and rows in which we can enter the numerical value & other types of data table we
have two method to making a new table (1) by assigning a number of rows & column throws
insert a table (2) with the help of pencil we can also create a table by drawing a pencil left to
right & top to bottom

Insert
Insert a table

Merge cells
We can combined to cells into one cell by merge cells option if you want to merge cells you will
have two select to cells than click on merge cells option after doing this the two cells will
become one cell.

Split cells
If we want to device one cell into two parts we will have to choose split cell from the table menu.

Split table
We can divide one table into two different parts
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TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANT

Table auto format

Table auto format which provides a special formatting to our table

Auto fit

1.Auto fit to contents

With the help of auto fit to contents the size of the column /table fit according to its contents
2.Auto fit to window
With the help of auto fit to window the size of the table fit according to its window
3. Fixed column width
By fixed column width the text can not entered the width of column
4. Distribute rows evenly
Its make the size of rows equal

Heading row repeat

It can make a duplicate copy of the heading of the same matter.

Covert
Text to table: It convert the text table to text as the required condition.
Table to text: It convert the table to text as required condition

Sort
We can sort the our table either in ascending or descending order
Formula:
With the help of formula, we can insert different type of function, like sum, average, max, min
etc.
Hide gridlines
When we delete a row or column, table or cell it gridlines remain undeleted. We can see gridline
properly. If you want to hide the gridline, we have to use hide gridlines option.
Table properties
We can manage the height & width alignment & other thing related to table with the help of table
properties.
Window
New window
Open a new window with the same contents as the active window so you can view different parts
of a file at the same time.
Arrange
Display all opens file in the separate windows on the screen
Split(Alt+Ctrl/Shift+S)
Split the active window into panes, or remove the panes in active window
Short Cut Keys In M/S Word
Ctrl+E Center Para Ctrl+Shift+C Copy format
Ctrl+L Left para Ctrl+Shift+v Paste format
Ctrl+R Right Ctrl+Spacebar Remove formatting
Ctrl+J Justify Ctrl+1 Single spaceline
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TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANT

Ctrl+5 Set 1.5 line spacing

Alt+Shift+Rightarrow Apply style
Alt+Ctrl+1 Heading 1
Alt+Ctrl+2 Heading 2
Alt+Ctrl+3 Heading 3
Ctrl+Shift+* Hide/show mark
Ctrl+Shift+Q Change the selection
into font symbol
Ctrl+Equal sign Apply subscript
Ctrl+Shift+plus sign Apply superscript
Ctrl+Q Remove paragraph
formatting
Ctrl+Shift+d Double underline
Ctrl+] Increse one size step
Ctrl+[ Decrease one size step
Alt+Ctrl+R Register trademark
Alt+Ctrl+D Endnote
Alt+Shift+N Merge document
Ctrl+F6 Switch document

Ctrl+M Indent Para from the left

Ctrl+Shift+M Indent para from the
right
Alt+Ctrl+F Change the font
F4 Repeat last find
Ctrl+M Indent a paragraph from the
left
Alt+Shift+X Mark entry
CTRL+SHIFT+T Reduce a hanging indent

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 MICROSOFT EXCEL

What is excel?
Excel is application software, which work on use on window platform. It is also called
spreadsheet programme which can we use to store different numerical or text data in a grid of
rows & column. We can perform different type of calculation & analyses in the data by the help
of some useful commend.

What are the main components of excel.

There are main components of excel are as follow.
(1) Data base components
(2) Spread sheet
(3) Chart sheet

(1) Data base components

It is the components, which display the information, and list of records comes under a
particular database.
(2) Spreadsheet components
It displays the various text and numeric data. Value in a grid rows and column and finally
analyses it.
(3) Chart sheet components
It is the components. Which we can make a Varity of chart by the given data, which help the
user to display in a data in a graphical manner.

What is the database?

Database is a set of record information.

What is the record?

Record is a set of field, which displays information of a particular thing.

How many menu bars come in excel?

There are so many bars comes under this window in this application.
(1) Title bar
(2) Menu bar
(3) Standard toolbar
(4) Formatting toolbar
(5) Formula bar
(6) Drawing bar
(7) Status toolbar

Title bar
Show names the workbook.

Menu bar
Use to apply different commands.

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Formatting bar
Use to change the format by applying font, font size, bold italic, etc.

Formula bar
Use to different formulas. It is very important part of excel. Which do three important parts
contribute? First is the left part, which is namely reference area that shows the address of the
active cell second is middle & third one is right part. Which is used to display the data that is enter
into the cell. In this part by the F2 key the user can also edit the data in the cell. This bar is namely
useful applying different function.

Drawing bar
We can make different type of picture.

Status bar
Status toolbar is a toolbar in which we can see the information regarding help, printing& other types of information like
caps lock is on.

What is workbook?
In or practical life the general term work book is sat to be these files which are used for making
practical but in the excel meaning of it is slightly different in excel work book is a file where the user
can store the different types of data in a several work sheet.

What is the work sheet?

A work sheet spread sheet, which consist of a group of rows & column. In which we can enter the data
& information. A single work sheet contain column contain header which are labeled which a to z, aa
to zz, ba to bz, ia to iv. The intersection of rows & column are called cell. In which we enter the value
of as grid line. The cell in which we entered the value is identified by its address. The combination of
rows & column number make & cell address.

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FILE MENU

New (Ctrl+N)
For create a new workbook select new option from file menu

Open (Ctrl+O)
For opening a work book select the open commend in the file menu

Save (Ctrl+S)
With the help of save option, file menu. We can give particulars name to our workbook for the future
of the data.

Save as (F12)
We can make a duplicate files in the excel with the help of save as option in the file menu
Save as web page
We can save the workbook we look like a web page and we can open that file in the Internet explorer

Save workspace
With the help of save workspace in the file menu we can save more than one file into one file name

Web page preview

With the help of web page preview we can see the preview of our workbook in the Internet explorer

Page setup
With the help of page setup we can manage all features of the sheet including pages like size of the
page orientation or header footer etc.

Print area
By this option we can set the area that has to be printed for doing this we have to take this following
steps. (1) We have to select the area or the cells we want to take print area option in the file menu and
click on set print area after this the selected area would have been covered by same lines than the area
set to be printed

Print preview
It shows the preview of the work sheet, which has to be printed

Print
We can print the entire sheet or the pages comes in worksheet by selected the text or by giving the
range of the pages we can also make print out of entire work book

EDIT MENU

Cut
We can move text or numerical value from one call to another call

33
Copy
With the help of copy command we can make duplicate copy of the matter of copy the formula in the
work sheet

Paste
We can paste the buffer contents (text, numerical, value, formula) into different calls

Paste special
We can special formats formula &different functions with the help of paste special

Paste hyperlink
We can paste the link of the text, which from we had copied from the other call

Fill
As the name says fill it file the value into different calls in many ways

 Down
It fills the value from the upper calls to the lower in down word direction

 Right
It fills the value from the left call to the right side to down word direction

 Up
It fills the value from the down cell to the up cell

Across worksheet
We can copy or make a duplicate copy of the selected cell into selected worksheet

Series
We ca fill values by series in different manners

 Linear
We can add the steps value to the selected numbers

 Growth
We can multiply the step value to the selected cell

 Date
We can add the step value to the data either come in any data unit (day, weekday, month & year)

 Auto fill
We can fill a value fill the auto fill but it files the value in the same manners as fill handed does

Justify
It arrange the value of or the text which is not properly covered by a particulars call into different call

34
Clear

 All
It clears the value or the contents of the all in the different manner like all, which clears the contents to
the all along with format and comments

 Formats
It clears formats of the all excluding value

 Contents
It clears only contents of a call

 Comments
It clears only comments of a call

Delete
We can delete the all in different manners by shifting the call in left & up direction and we can also
delete rows& column throw it

Delete sheet
We can delete a sheet by this command

Move or copy sheet

We can move or copy by sheet into save and different workbook

Find
We can find the value into different all in rows and column direction

Replace
We can replace the old value from the new value by choosing replace option in edit menu

Goto
We can go to any range of the call by using go to command in edit menu

VIEW MENU

Normal
It is the normal view of the work sheet means you can only the work sheet area beside page no. On the
work sheet

Page break
We can see the only page break in the worksheet along with page no.

Formula bar
In the formula bar same as before

35
Header & footer
In the header & footer we can give header along with footer we can see header & footer in print
preview only not on the work sheet we can give header & footer by custom header & custom footer
button in page setup dialogue box

Comment
This option is unable us to view are not to view the comment.

Custom view
This type is view is used to view the area as the want.

Full screen
It shows the area of the work sheet.

Zoom
We can magnify the area of the works sheet with the help of zoom.

INSERT MENU

Rows
We can insert a single row in a worksheet.

Columns
We can insert a single column in a worksheet

Cells
We can insert a single cell in a worksheet by shifting the cell to down and the right direction.
Worksheet
We can insert a worksheet in a workbook

Page break
We can insert page break into our worksheet from where we select the cell by inserting the page break
page device in the four parts.

Chart
Chart is a graphical representation of the data and numeric value in the worksheet .we can insert the
different types of chart like

1. Columns chart 7. Surface chart

2. Bar chart 8. Bubble chart
3. Line chart 9. Stock chart
4. Pie chart 10. Cylinder chart
5. Area chart 11. Cone chart
6. Ought & chart 12. Pyramid chart

36
By selected the range of the data .we can make the different type of chart above the set charts.

Function
Function is an unforgettable part of excel because in every calculation we need particular type of
calculation for that calculation. There are many type of function which are used in different
calculation
Such as date & time, maths & trig, text, logical, database etc.

Name

 Define
By this option we can create a name for a particular cell, range or can text-computing value that
you can used to refer to the cell range

 Paste
Paste the selected names at the insertion point along with the reference of the cell range

FORMAT MENU

Cells (Ctrl+1)
By this option we can change the format of the selected range in the cell. We can also provide
the lock option to that selected cell, which is very useful while providing password to the sheet in
protection.

Rows
We can manage the height & make the cell or row Auto fit by this option.

Column
We can manage the width and make the cell or column Auto fit by this option.

Sheet
By sheet, we can give different make to our sheet hide or unhide & provide background also.

Auto format
We can change the format of the table with the help of auto format. Apply the format of the
selected range, as you want.

Conditional formatting
It apply to the format to the selected all that meet a specific criteria pasted on value or formula
which we had specified

Style
It is the option by using which we can different make style for formatting to our sheet.

37
Tools menu

Share workbook
It switches the workbook to share mode for the multi-user. Means it somebody makes some
changes in the workbook .it automatically track that changes and highlight them in front the user
by using highlight changes.

Merge workbook
It merges two workbooks having same matter with same changes on it.

Protection
With the help of protect sheet. We can protect our workbook in three different modes
 Protect sheet
 Protect workbook
 Protect & share workbook

 Protect sheet
With the help of protect sheet .we can protect our worksheet & than nobody allows to enter any
type and delete of data in worksheet. It will become locked.

 Protect workbook
By protect workbook, we can protect our workbook by stretcher and windows. Means we cannot
delete insert and rename the worksheet and also we cannot split & freeze. The pause of the
windows.

 Protect & share workbook

In this, we can protect and share the workbook by password means the changes that were mode
by the user was highlight on the screen. We can set that changes easily. Also we can protect our
workbook for deleting and inserting sheet into it.

Goal seek
It adjust the value in specific cell until a formula that is depend on that shall reach is a target
value.

Scenario
We can create the scenario for viewing the analysis of the data or result

Auditing
Auditing is the feature by which we can see the relation of the cell

 Trace precedent
Trace precedents which show that how many cell participating in a formula which is showing in
specify result

 Trace dependents
In dependents, we can trace the cells of which the other was depending.

38
  Trace error
It traces the error of the active cell & rows the errors by which the error has been created.

DATA MENU

Sort
With the help of sorting we can sort the data of the table in ascending or descending order.

Filter

 Auto filter
It is the quickest way to display the selected item into a list.

 Advance filter
It filters the data in a list that only the need a condition use specifies using a criteria range that
split on the cell.

Form
It displays the data it is the form dialogue box. We can also insert the data into the sheet by using
form. It is also using for applying filter by using a particular criteria.

Subtotal
It calculates the subtotal & grand total values for the table column you select .it automatically
insert & labels the total rows and outline the list.

Validation
It defines, what data is valid for individual cell. It also restricts the data entry to a particular type
like all number which sets limit on the valid entry.

Table
It creates a data table based on input value & formula defined. It also used for showing the result
of changing value in our formula.

Text to columns
It converts the selected text into different columns as a require condition of with species or
without space.

Consolidate
It summarizes the data from one cell or more sources at them displays into a single table.

Group and outline

39
We can make a group & outline of selected columns and row .we can also create auto outline
with the help of this option.

Pivot table & chart

We can create a special type of chart & table with the help of this option means we can arrange
the data as we want in a table we can also see the information regarding a single person. We can
also see the information regarding a single person. We can also provide special type of pivot
table we can type different type of chart & arrange in meaningful manner by this option.

SHORTCUT KEYS

Ctrl+Home Move to the beginning of Ctrl+ Hyphen deletes rows and columns
The worksheet Ctrl+W close the active
workbook
Ctrl+End Move to the last cell on the
Worksheet Ctrl+5 Apply or remove
strikethrough
F5 Goto
Ctrl+9 Hide rows
Shift+f5 Find
Ctrl+shift+9 Unhide rows
Shift+f4 Repeat
Ctrl+0 Hide columns
Ctrl+Shift+f6 Move to the previous
Workbook Ctrl+shift+0 Unhide columns

Shift+f11 Insert a worksheet Ctrl+shift+* Selected are to write sheet

Alt+f11 Create a chart Ctrl+spacebar Select entire columns

Atrl+pageup move the previous sheet Shift+spacebar Select entire rows

Ctrl+pagedown move the next sheet

Shift +Enter move cell up
Shift+F2 edit comment
Ctrl+D fill down
Ctrl+R Fill right
Alt+ = Auto sum
Ctrl+; Enter the date
Ctrl+Shift+: Enter the time
Ctrl+Shift+N Number apply
Ctrl+shift+% Apply percentage
Ctrl+7 show or hide standard
toolbar

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 TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANTS(TASA)

POWERPOINT

PowerPoint is mainly used for creating presentation & animation. We can make different slide in single
presentation.

FILE MENU

Pack and Go

Starts the Pack and Go Wizard, which helps you pack up a presentation so that you can run it on
another computer. If you make changes to your presentation after you use the wizard, run the Pack
And Go Wizard again so that you can update the information.

EDIT MENU

Duplicate
Makes a quick copy of a selected object. To make additional copies of the same object, click
Duplicate Again

Delete Slide
Deletes the current slide in notes view. Deletes the selected slides in slide sorter or normal view.

Edit Object
Activates the application in which the selected object was created so you can edit the object in place.

VIEW MENU

Normal
Switches to normal view, where you can work on one slide at a time or organize the structure of all
the slides in your presentation.

Slide Sorter
Displays miniature versions of all slides in a presentation, complete with text and graphics. In slide
sorter view, you can reorder slides, add transitions and animation effects, and set the timings for
electronic slide shows.

Notes Page
Displays the notes page for the selected slide, where you can create speaker notes for the slide.

Slide Show
Runs your slide show, beginning with the current slide if you're in slide view or the selected slide if
you're in slide sorter view.

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 TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANTS(TASA)

Black & White

Shows the active presentation in black and white. The appearance of the slide depends on the
option you select on the Black And White shortcut menu (click the right mouse button while in
black-and-white view to show this menu).
Note The Black and White shortcut menu isn't available in high-contrast black-and-white view.

Guides
Displays or hides the vertical and horizontal alignment guides on your slides. Use the guides to help
you position and align objects on your slides.

INSERT MENU

New Slide (Ctrl+M)

Prompts you to click a slide layout, and then inserts a new slide after the active slide.

Duplicate Slide
Inserts a copy of the current slide after the current slide. Equivalent to pressing CTRL+SHIFT+D.

Slide Number
Adds the slide number to an individual slide. If you want to add the slide number to every slide, use
the Header and Footer command

Slides from File

Inserts slide from another presentation into the current presentation.

Slides from Outline

Creates slides for all first-level headings in an imported outline and adds the body text as indent
levels. All text that is level 6 and below is treated as level 5 texts. The format for the title and text
comes from the slide master in the current presentation.

Movie & Sound

• Movie from Gallery
Opens the Clip Gallery, where you can insert a video in your slide to play during a slide show.

• Movie from File

Inserts a movie file in your slide so you can play the movie during a slide show.

• Sound from Gallery

Opens the Clip Gallery, where you can insert a sound in your slide to play during a slide show.

• Sound from File

Inserts a sound file in your slide so you can play the sound during a slide show.

Chart

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 TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANTS(TASA)
Creates a chart by inserting a Microsoft Graph object.

FORMAT MENU

Line Spacing
Sets the amount of space between selected lines of text.

Replace Fonts
Replaces an existing font in your presentation with another one.

Slide Layout
Changes the layout of the selected slide or reapplies the current master styles to the placeholders if
you've modified their attributes. This command does not affect objects and text outside the
placeholders.

Slide Color Scheme

Reapplies or modifies the existing color scheme or changes to a different color scheme.

Background
Sets a background color, texture, pattern, or image.

Apply Design Template

Applies one of the PowerPoint design templates to your presentation or uses one of your own
presentations as a template. Design templates contain color schemes, slide and title masters with
custom formatting, and fonts designed for a particular "look."

Colors and Lines

Opens the Colors and Lines tab (Format AutoShape dialog box), where you can set the line and fill
colors and the style for the selected object or AutoShape.

TOOLS MENU

Meeting Minder
Opens the Meeting Minder, where you can take meeting minutes and record action items during a
slide show. Action items appear on a new slide at the end of your slide show. You can post the
action items to Microsoft Outlook, or you can transfer the minutes and action items to a Word
document and then print that document.

Options
Modifies settings for Microsoft Office programs such as screen appearance, printing, editing,
spelling, and other options.

SLIDE SHOW

Slide

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 TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANTS(TASA)
Runs your slide show, beginning with the current slide if you're in slide view or the selected slide if
you're in slide sorter view.

Rehearse Timing
Runs your slide show in rehearsal mode, in which you can set or change the timing of your
electronic slide show.

Record Narration
Adds voice narration to your slide show. A sound icon appears in the lower-right corner of each
slide that has narration. To record a narration, your computer needs a sound card and a
microphone.

Set Up Show
Sets options for running your slide show, including the type of presentation you're making, which
slides to include, whether to include sound and animation effects, the annotation pen color, and how
you want to advance the slides.

Action Button
Inserts any action button where you click or drag in the active window, and then opens the Action
Settings dialog box, where you can assign an action to the button.

Action Settings
Assigns an action to the selected object or Action Button that runs when you point to or click the
object with the mouse.

Animation Effects
Adds or changes animation effects on the current slide. Animation effects include sounds, text and
object movements, and movies that occur during a slide show.

Animation Preview
Runs all the animation effects for the current slide in a slide-miniature window so you can see how
the animation will work during the slide show.

Slide Transition
Adds or changes the special effect that introduces a slide during a slide show. For example, you can
play a sound when the slide appears, or you can make the slide fade from black.

Hide Slide
If you are in slide sorter view, hides the selected slide. If you are in slide view, hides the current
slide so that it is not automatically displayed during an electronic slide show.

Custom Shows
Creates a custom show ¾ a presentation within a presentation. When you create a custom show,
you group slides in an existing presentation so that you can easily show that section of the
presentation to a particular audience and omit it for other audiences.

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 TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANTS(TASA)

SHORT CUT KEYS

Alt+Shift+Left Arrow Promote a paragraph

Alt+Shift+Right Arrow Demote a paragraph
Alt+Shift+Plus Sign Expand text below a heading
Alt+Shift+Minus Sign Collapse text below a heading
Alt+Shift+A Show all text or headings
Ctrl+F5 Restore the active presentation window
Ctrl+F6 Switch to the next presentation window
Ctrl+Shift+F6 Switch to the previous presentation window
B Or Period Display a black screen, or return to the slide
Show from a black screen
W Or Comma Display a white screen, or return to the slide
Show from a white screen
E Erase on-screen annotations
S Stop or restart an automatic slide show
H Go to next hidden slide
O Use original timings while rehearsing
T Set new timings while rehearsing
Ctrl+Break end of slide show
Ctrl+H Hide the pointer and button immediately
Alt +F2 Carry out Save As command
Alt+F7 Find next misspelling (Automatic Spell
Checking enabled)
Alt+F5 Restore the program window size
Ctrl+F12 Carry out Open command (File menu)
F10 Activate the menu bar

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