CHEMISTRY

Make It Easy To Learns (MIATL PROJECT 1)

What is the relationship between CHAPTER 6(Form4) : Electrochemistry and

CHAPTER 3 (Form 5): Oxidation and Reduction?

Let make it simple

The formula related to this process is REDCAT and OXINODE.

What it mean exactly?

REDCAT - Reduction process occur at cathode

OXINODE - Oxidation process occur at anode

What is Oxidation process and Reduction process related both chapter ?

Oxidation Process - Loss of electron

- Increase of oxidation number
Reduction Process - Gain of electron
- Decrease of oxidation number

Loss or Gain electron how we know?

We have to method to know this:

1. From the equation given or equation we make
2. From the word discharge/release of electron

This also helps us to check whether the equation we make Correct or Not.

Example: voltaic cell - electrode used Mg and Ca

Cathode (Reduction): Mg2+ + e  Mg

Anode (Oxidation): Ca  Ca2+ + e

Did you see now?

Increase/decrease of oxidation number? I don’t understand this?

Let look at the example given:

Look at the charge

Cathode (Reduction): Mg2+ + e  Mg 2+  0

Anode (Oxidation): Ca  Ca2+ + e 0  2+

This also mean at the Cathode liquid change to solid and at the anode is Vice Versa

What is the deferent between Electrolytic and Voltaic cell?

Electrolytic Cell Voltaic Cell

Electrical Reaction to Chemical Chemical Reaction to Electrical
Reaction Reaction
Cation and Anion Cation only
The ion discharge at cathode(Cation) The ion discharge at cathode and
and Anode(Anion) anode is Cation only
 Cathode(Negative terminal) and
Anode(Positive terminal)
Required a source of electric current
Electrode from same material
Cathode(Positive terminal) and
Anode(Negative terminal)
Does not required a source of electric
current
Two different metals

We have 2 state of electrolytic cell right? What it is?

Molten compound and aqueous solution

What is the different?

MOLTEN COMPOUND AQEUOUS SOLUTION

DO NOT HAVE ANY FACTOR AFFECT HAVE 3 THREE FACTOR DISCHARGE OF
DISCHARGE OF ION ION
DO NOT HAVE OH- AND H+ HAVE OH- AND H+

In molten compound the ion discharge is own compound

Example:
Molten PbBr the ion discharge is Pb2+ and Br-

In aqueous solution we have three factors affect the discharge of ion

1. Position of ion in Electrochemical Series

2. Concentration of ion in the electrolyte
3. Types of electrode used

Can you explain me the factor above? Sure.

1. Position in Electrochemical series (ECS)

Example:
Cathode: Zn2+ and H+ the ion discharge is Zn2+.This because H+ has located lower than Zn2+
in ECS.
Zn2+ + 2e  Zn
Anode: Br- and OH- the ion discharge is OH-. This because OH- has located lower than Br- in
ECS.
4OH-  H2O + 2O2 + 4e(memorise this)

2. Concentration ion in electrolyte the ion discharge same with molten compound
because the concentration of water(OH- and H+) is very low and do not choose to
discharge

3. Type of Electrode

The electrode used must another from carbon and platinum because they are inert
electrode

Example:
The electrode used is Cu.

Cathode: Cu2+ + 2e  Cu
Anode: Cu  Cu2+ + 2e
This process used in:
1. Extraction of metals
2. Purification of metals
3. Electroplating of metals
Caution the solution used must be the same with electrode used.

Example:
Cu electrode used. The solution use CuSO4.

Now I know about Electrolytic Cell but what about Voltaic Cell?

Okay let me explain

In Voltaic Cell we have only one factor affect the discharge of ion.
The factor is Position in ECS.
The ion occur in this Voltaic Cell is only a Cation.
The cation selective to discharge(release electron) is the ion has located higher in ECS

Example:
Zn2+ and Mg2+ the ion selective to discharge is Mg2+.

Anode: Mg  Mg2+ + 2e
Cathode: Zn2+ + 2e  Zn

Is that the Voltaic Cell Process same with Rusting Process?

Almost

Almost, what is the different actually?

Voltaic Cell Process Rusting Process

The discharge of ion at cathode is Cation The discharge of ion at cathode is water
2O2 + H2O + 4e  4OH-
At anode both are same factor affect the discharge of ion

Can you explain about rusting process?

Sure.
To form a rusting,Fe(OH)2 at anode the ion have to discharge must be Fe2+. Thus we can
prevent rusting by three methods:
1. Alloying
2. Sacrificial Protection
Iron connected with more electropositive metal/higher place than metal in ECS.
3. Protective Coating/Painting

What about voltaic cell process and Redox reaction, is that same?

No, now I explain to you.

Voltaic Cell Redox reaction

Cathode(positive terminal) and Anode(negative terminal)
 At Cathode and Anode, ion selective to At Cathode and Anode, ion discharge depend
discharge depend in position in ECS on the solution given

Example of Redox Reaction:

What do I need to memorise in this 2 chapter?

1. ECS

2. Some equation in redox reaction

3. The colour of solution or metal

4. The indicator used to detect the present of some solution

That only thing you have to know in this two chapter...

So Make It Easy Learn...
Thank you...
Author:
Muhd Ashraf bin Shaharudin
Form5 (2010)