Salmonella

Foodborne Illness
From CBS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=s7_QPeFYTx8&feature=fvsr
Characteristics
Gram negative
Rod shaped (bacillus)
Non-spore forming
Motile (many flagella)
Enterobacteria (Live in the intestines of many
animals)
Chemoorganotrophs
Salmonella infections are zoonotic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella
Gram Staining
Laboratory staining protocol developed to help identify bacteria

Two stains are used on heat-fixed (death by heat) smear of a bacterial culture

Stain #1 is crystal violet which stains the bacterial cells purple

Stain #2 is usually safrarin which stains the bacterial cells red or pink

Gram + bacteria appear purple under microscope because they retain the crystal
violet dye in their cell walls

Gram- bacteria appear red or pink under the microscope because they do not
retain the blue dye, but do retain the pink dye

 Does not work on all types of bacteria

Under the Microscope

A Gram stain of mixed Staphylococcus aureus (Gram

positive cocci) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative
bacilli)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_staining
Salmonella and Disease
“The Salmonella family includes over 2,300 serotypes of
bacteria which are one-celled organisms too small to be seen
without a microscope. Two types, Salmonella enteritidis
and Salmonella typhimurium are the most common in the
United States and account for half of all human infections.
Strains that cause no symptoms in animals can make people
sick, and vice versa. If present in food, it does not usually
affect the taste, smell, or appearance of the food. The bacteria
live in the intestinal tracts of infected animals and humans.”
 http://www.fsis.usda.gov/factsheets/salmonella_questions_&_answers/inde
x.asp
Salmonellosis
“Salmonellosis is an infection with bacteria called Salmonella. Most
persons infected with Salmonella develop diarrhea, fever, and
abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection. The illness usually
lasts 4 to 7 days, and most persons recover without treatment.
However, in some persons, the diarrhea may be so severe that the
patient needs to be hospitalized. In these patients, the Salmonella
infection may spread from the intestines to the blood stream, and
then to other body sites and can cause death unless the person is
treated promptly with antibiotics. The elderly, infants, and those with
impaired immune systems are more likely to have a severe illness.”

http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/salmonellosis/
Deaths
“About 142,000 (reported) Americans are infected
each year with Salmonella enteritidis from
chicken eggs, and about 30 die.[18] The shell of the
egg may be contaminated with salmonella by feces or
environment (common), or its interior (yolk) may be
contaminated by penetration of the bacteria through
the porous shell or from a hen whose infected ovaries
contaminate the egg during egg formation (unlikely).”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella
FDA ties chicken feed to salmonella in
egg recall
“WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Bacteria found in chicken
feed used at two Iowa farms has been linked to a
salmonella outbreak that prompted the recall of more
than a half billion contaminated eggs, U.S. regulators
said on Thursday.”
 By Alina Selyukh Alina Selyukh – Thu Aug 26, 5:24 pm ET
So what's happening to the recalled eggs and the fresh ones?
“Eggs from that massive salmonella outbreak could still end
up on a store shelf near you.

CBS News has learned that some of the recalled eggs are
being sent to egg processing facilities, along with fresh ones
that infected hens are still producing.

The eggs will be cooked, pasteurized and used in products

like ice cream and mayonnaise.  The FDA says it's legal and
safety experts insist there's little risk to consumers.”
http://ozarksfirst.com/fulltext?nxd_id=316835