C is a programming language developed at AT &T’s Bell Laboratories of USA in

1972. It was designed aAAAAAasdfggg@@$#$%%^”:

Kumar babu

Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN forv Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for

Historical Development of C:
By 1960 a horde of computer languages had come into existence, almost each
for specific purpose. For ex COBOL was being used for Commercial
Applications, FORTRAN for Engineering and Scientific Application and so on.

An international committee was set up to develop a common language for

developing a common language. This committee came out with a language
called ALGOL-60. But it never becomes popular because it was too abstract and
general.

To reduce this abstractness and generality, a language called Combined

Programming Language (CPL) was developed at Cambridge University. CPL
turned out to be big, having so many features, that it was hard to learn and
difficult to implement.

Basic Combined Programming Language (BCPL), was developed by Martin

Richards at Cambridge University. But turned out to be less powerful and
scientific.

Ken Thompson at & T’s Bell Labs wrote a language called B, as a further
simplification of CPL. But unlike BCPL, B turned out to be very specific. Ritchie
inherited the features of B and BCPL, added some of his own and developed C.
 INTRODUCTION TO C

C is a high level language that has been used to write a very large portion of
utilities, data base application other compilers and so on.

Special features of C:
C is a language that supports many desired features. We briefly discuss some of
these:
•High level
•Low level
•Modularity
•Maintainability
•Good documentation
•Efficiency
•Structured syntax
•Powerful data structures

High level is a term that refers to ease of programming in a particular language.

The nearer the language is to natural language (like English), the faster a
programmer can develop programs using it.

Low level is a concept applied to the capability of a language to address

programming as close to the CPU instruction set as possible. C supports a good
low-level programming environment (with exception of the I/O mapped
input/output instructions of the CPU) and hence has been found to be the ideal
vehicle for writing such system programs as Operating Systems, Compilers, Data
Bases, etc. In fact, the C compiler itself is written in C.
‘C’ has special operators like logical AND, OR, NOT, XOR, post/pre
increment/decrement, etc., that very closely imitate the instructions available on a