C LANGUAGE

(pg#1-3) L1F20BSPH0033(Muqadass Tahir)

(pg#3-6) L1F20BSPH0018(Abdulhanna Mirza)
(pg#6-7) L1F20BSPH0016(Muhammad Uzair)
(pg#8-10) L1F20BSPH0040(Muhammad Ahmad)

Prof. Amna Mahmood

 History Of C Language

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Father of C language
Dennis Macalister Ritchie (English: Dennis Macalister Ritchie, September 9, 1941 – October
12, 2011), American computer scientist. Hacker circles often call him “DMR”. He is the
creator of C language and the key developer of UNIX operating system. He has had a far-
reaching impact on the computer field, and is the winner of the Turing Award in 1983
together with Ken Thompson.

The advent of C programming begins in the late 1960s and share roots deep in the
development of UNIX operating system. UNIX is a popular network operating system that
pumps heart of the modern internet.

Ancestors of C language
For the sake of brevity, I (Dennis M. Ritchie) omitted the complete description of C itself, its
parent B [Johnson 73] and its grandparents BCPL [Richards 79], and only focused on the
characteristic elements of each language and how they evolved. This paper is about the
development of the C programming language, the influences on it, and the conditions under
which it was created. For the sake of brevity, I omit full descriptions of C itself, its parent B
[Johnson 73] and its grandparent BCPL [Richards 79], and instead concentrate on
characteristic elements of each language and how they evolved.

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C standards:
The massive popularity of C programming headed development of its versions. However,
every version was similar to the original but often incompatible. To assure the standard of C
in every version, American National Standards Institute (ANSI) initiated work on C
standards.

Usage of C language
C language is used extensively for system configuration in embedded operating systems and
embedded system applications, because code C, if portable, can be used for many purposes,
but, if necessary, system-specific code can be used to access a particular hardware. addresses
and make punning type to match the external interaction requirements, and the minimum
operating time in the system resources.

C language can be used for website editing using the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) as a
"gateway" for information between web application, server, and browser. C language is often
preferred over translated languages because of its speed, stability, and close availability of the
universe.

The result of the widespread availability of C language and efficiency is that editors,
librarians and translators of other programming languages are often used in C language. For
example, the use of Python, Perl, Ruby, and PHP references is written in C.

C language empowers programmers to make effective use of algorithms and data structures,
because the layer of hardware output is small, and its overhead is low, an important condition

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for computer programs. For example, GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library, GNU
Scientific Library, Mathematica, and MATLAB are listed in whole or in part in Colanguage.

C language is sometimes used as intermediate language in other languages. This method can
be used for portable or simple; by using C language as a medium language, machine-specific
code generators are not required. The C language has certain features, such as processor
number lines and non-essential comma at the end of the startup list, which supports the
compilation of generated code. However, some deficiencies of C language have led to the
development of other C-based languages designed for use as intermediate languages, such as
C++.

C language has also been widely used to implement end-user applications. However, such
applications can also be written in newer, higher-level languages.

RELATED LANGUAGE
C has directly and indirectly influenced many recent languages such as C #, D, Go, Java,
JavaScript, Limbo, LPC, Perl, PHP, Python, and Unix's C. shell. The most widespread
influence has been syntactical; all spoken languages include a statement and (more or less
with the recognition) of the C-language syntax consisting of type programs, data models, and
/ or large program structures that differ from those of C, sometimes significantly.

There are several C or adjacent C-interpreters, including Ch and CINT, which can be used for
writing.

When object-focused programming languages became popular, C ++ and Objective-C were

two different C-extensions that provided object-focused skills. Both of these languages were
originally used as source-to-source coordinators; the source code was translated into C, and
then merged with the C compiler.

The C ++ programming language (originally named "C with Classes") was developed by
Bjarne Stroustrup as a way to provide object-oriented function in a C-like format. [45] C ++
adds great typing power, scope, and other useful tools to object-focused programs, and allows

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standard editing using templates. Almost a large set of C, C ++ now supports most Cs, with
the exception of a few.

Objective-C was originally a very "thin" layer over C, and is still a solid C set that allows for
object-oriented planning using a dynamic / static mixed typing paradigm. Objective-C derives
its syntax from both C and Smalltalk: syntax that involves pre-processing, speech, function
announcements, and function calls are inherited from C, while the syntax of object-based
features was originally taken from Smalltalk.

Benefits of C language

➢ As a middle-level language, C combines the features of both high-level and low-

level languages. It can be used for low-level programming, such as scripting for
drivers and kernels and it also supports functions of high-level programming
languages, such as scripting for software applications etc.

➢ C is a structured programming language which allows a complex program to be

broken into simpler programs called functions. It also allows free movement of data
across these functions.

➢ Various features of C including direct access to machine level hardware APIs, the
presence of C compilers, deterministic resource use and dynamic memory allocation
make C language an optimum choice for scripting applications and drivers of
embedded systems.

➢ C language is case-sensitive which means lowercase and uppercase letters are

treated differently.

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 ➢ C is highly portable and is used for scripting system applications which form a
major part of Windows, UNIX, and Linux operating system.

➢ C is a general-purpose programming language and can efficiently work on

enterprise applications, games, graphics, and applications requiring calculations, etc.

➢ C language has a rich library which provides a number of built-in functions. It also
offers dynamic memory allocation.

➢ C implements algorithms and data structures swiftly, facilitating faster computations

in programs. This has enabled the use of C in applications requiring higher degrees
of calculations like MATLAB and Mathematica.

➢ Riding on these advantages, C became dominant and spread quickly beyond Bell
Labs replacing many well-known languages of that time, such as ALGOL, B, PL/I,
FORTRAN, etc. C language has become available on a very wide range of
platforms, from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers.

Syntax Of C Language
The C basic syntax consists of

header files

main function

program code

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

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 print("Hello World!");

return 0;

Syntax:

do { statement(s); } while( condition ); Notice that the conditional expression appears at the
end of the loop, so the statement(s) in the loop executes once before the condition is tested. If
the condition is true, the flow of control jumps back up to do, and the statement(s) in the loop
executes again.

Syntax For Loop

The syntax of a for loop in C programming language is − for (
initial; condition; increment ) { statement(s); } Here is the flow of control in a 'for' loop − The
initial step is executed first, and only once. This step allows you to declare and initialize any
loop control variables.

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 Application

C is a powerful programming language that can be used to build applications in multiple

fields; from simple calculators and basic apps to video games and programming languages
(Yes ! other programming languages).

C has its standard library which provides functions to deal with strings, pointers, arrays, IO
…etc. but if you want to make a calculator you need graphics components, don’t you ?
buttons, windows, menus, tabs, images, text fields, etc.… So, where the hell are these all ?
well, that’s why we need APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) and third-
party libraries. These are ready made functions that expose header files for you to add
graphic features in your app : for windows you can use the windows API, for Linux you can
use GTK+ , Of course, you need some time to learn how to use these tools.

If you want to start developing video games in C, take a look at the famous SDL library.

If you want make an application to compose songs, use songlib.

And so on… there are plenty of free c libraries for pretty much anything. just a simple
Google search and you’ll find what you want.

If you want to build mobile apps (Android, …), you can use C ! but keep in mind things are
very different than PC; For mobile OSs (Android,
Apple iPhone, Blackberry …), each OS has its “main”
programming language : Android has Java (and Kotlin
in the future), Apple has Swift (previously Objective-
C), …. well, the good news is that these programming
languages (Java, Objective-C) are mostly based on C.

The tool for Android is called NDK (Native

Development Kit), you can use it to create Android
Apps using C/C++. Developers, often use NDK when
creating complex apps that require low level hardware

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interaction, massive memory usage, complex graphics (Video games). That’s why Java is the
core Android language for now.

Where C programs can be run?

C needs GNU GCC compiler to compiles its code.

C Program can be run using Command Prompt .We can use MS-DOS to run C Program.
Every window OS comes with inbuilt Command Prompt. Or there are many online compilers
that can run C program efficiently. There are many Ide’s like vscode, codeblocks, dev c++,
etc. to run the C program code.

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Refrences
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-platform-to-run-C-and-C++-code-on
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/benefits-c-language-programming-languages/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)
https://www.quora.com/Where-can-I-run-C-programs

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