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Erikson
Presented by :
Manish Mohan
Mitesh Jain
Monika Jain
Neha Behl
Erik H. Erikson
Childho
od
And
8 Stages of
DevelopmentSociety
Brief Biography
• Positive Outcome:
Develops Trust for the social world around.
• Negative Outcome:
Develops apprehension and suspicion
• A proper balance if achieved results in :
Hope
Strong Belief
Stage 2: Toddler
Age : 1 - 2 year
Psychological Crisis : Independence (Autonomy) vs.
Shame (Doubt)
Important Event : Freedom
• Positive:
Sense of achievement
• Negative:
Feel ashamed to manipulate his or her environment
Starts doubting his/her abilities
• Positive:
Capacity for Action. Desire to accomplished
• Negative:
Develops a sense of guilt and aversion to independence
Always looks for permission and support
• Positive:
Discover pleasure in intellectual stimulation
Develop a sense of industry
• Negative:
Develop a sense of inferiority
• If conflict resolved, develops virtues of :
Competency
Stage 5: Adolescence
Age : 12 - 18 year
Psychological Crisis : Identity vs. Role Confusion
Important Event : Develop a strong devotion to friends
and causes
• Positive:
Strong identity
Ready to plan for the future
• Negative:
Will sink into confusion
Withdrawal from responsibilities
• Positive:
Achieve a sense of identity
Form a close relationship
• Negative:
Will retreat to isolation
Will fear commitment
• Positive:
Helping the next generation
• Negative:
Self centered and stagnating
• Positive:
Accept death with sense of integrity
Achieve a sense of fulfillment
• Negative:
Despair and fear death
• If conflict resolved, develops virtues of : Wisdom
Identity Crisis
•A person with a strong sense of identity has a sense of
uniqueness while also having a sense of belonging and
wholeness.
•He believed that we all have identity crises at one time or another
in our lives
• Erikson:
Ego and the sense of identity are shaped over the entire life
span, 8 stages.
Side by side with psychosexual stages of ego development,
were psychosocial stages of ego development, in which the
individual had to establish new basic orientations to himself
and social world.
Literary Works
• Childhood and Society(1950 )
– Deals with individual identity, its development, its crises and its relation to the cultural
order.' Eight stages of life‘
Psychobiography:
• Young Man Luther(1958 )
2. Elkind D., 5-04-1970, Erik Erikson’s Eight Ages of Man, The New York Times Magazine,
“http://www.ceed.pdx.edu/ectc_sscbt/pdfs/EriksonsEightAgesofMan.pdf”
3. ROBERT NISBET, The New York Times, February 28, 1965,A Gulf in Need of a Bridge, “
http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/08/22/specials/erikson-insight.html”
4. By ROBERT A. NISBET,A Sense of Personal Sameness, March 31, 1968,The New York
Times, "http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/08/22/specials/erikson-identity.html"
6. By Marshall Berman, March 30, 1975, Erik Erikson, the Man Who Invented Himself, “
http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/08/22/specials/erikson-history.html”