2

V The nurse may be asked to perform outside of

his or her expertise and may take on
responsibility held by the physicians or
advanced nursing practice
V Ex.intubate, inserting chest tubes
V Debridement, suturing
V Nurse may serve as triage officer

3

orces overwhelm a
community.
ervices are compromised.
utside assistance is
required.

2
V Natural disaster

5
!
O


j
estimates that as many as 2!
nations possess chemical or
biological agents.
ë countries are believed to
possess biological agents as
weapons

ë
V rubonic plaque
V rotulism
V Anthrax
V ars
V HëNë
V ALL P

ëë
O


 

O  

ë2
V
ire
V rioterrorism
V Illegal logging
V Nuclear attack or bombing
V Etc.

ë3
ë2
Pre-disaster
arning
Impact
Emergency
isolation
rescue
remedy
ecovery

ë5
alidate what you hear

Perform a thorough
assessment

Assess for other

injuries/illnesses even
when symptoms are absent
ë!
O  





O 
 

 
O 



 


ëO
PINCIPLE 
HEALTH EICE DUING DIATE

ë.It necessitates the mobilization of all medical

resources.
2.Unity shall operate in the city or town district
and barangay/ purok.
3. All levels of the organization is mobilized.
2. ervice shall participate in the dissemination
of health teachings.
DIATE ANAGEENT

It is a collaborative activities that include

preparedness and rehabilitation

Ƙe· esponse
Period immediately after the disaster
AI of ¶e· esponse

Assess the magnitude of the disaster

and it·s immediate impact and
consequences on health and health ²
related services
 DIATE CNTINUU

DIATE ITIGATIN

¶e· esponse PEPAEDNE

EHArILITATIN ANING

ECNTUCTIN PEENTIN

DEELPENT
A CAUALTY INCIDENT
ituation in which the number of
casualties exceeds the number of
resources

INCIDENT CAND YTE

anagement tool for organizing
personnels, facilities, equipment,
and communication
 DIATE LEEL
Level I - Local ¶e· esponse personnel and
organization can manage the disaster

Level II ² egional efforts and aid from other

communities are sufficient to manage
the effects of the disaster

Level III ² Local and egional assets are over-

whelmed; National assistance is needed
 TIAGE
orting of casualties to determine priority
of health care needs and the proper
site of treatment

In DIATE, decisions are rAED on

the likelihood of UIAL and
CNUPTIN of available
resources

irst Priority
econd Priority
Third Priority

25
V To afford the great number of
people the greatest chance of
survival.

2!
V To properly triage a group of
patient, you shared quality classify
each patient into one of four
groups.

2O
 CATEGIE

ëT PIITY (IEDIATE)

ED ² Injuries are life ² threatening but
survivable with minimal intervention

2nd PIITY (DELAYED)

YELL ² Injuries are significant and
require medical care but can wait hours
without threat to life or limb
V UCKING CHET UND
V AIAY rTUCTIN
V HCK
V HETHA
V TENIN HETHA
V APHYIA(suffocation)ex. Drowning,
choking, breathing poisonous gas)

2j
V UNTArLE CHET AND ArDINAL
UND
V INCPLETE APUTATIN
V PEN
ACTUE 
LNG rNE
V 2ND & 3D DEGEE rUN 
ë5-2


TTAL rDY U
ACE AEA

3
V table Abdominal wounds with out evidence
of hemorrhage
V oft tissue injuries
V axillofacial wounds with out airway
compromise
V ascular injuries with adequate collateral
circulations

3ë
V Genito-urinary tract disruption
V fractures requiring open
reduction
V Debridement and external
fixation
V ost eyes or CN injuries

32
3rd PIITY (INIAL)
GEEN ² Injuries are minor and treatment
can be delayed hours to days; moved away
from the triage area

2th PIITY (EPECTANT)

rLACK ² Injuries are extensive and chances
of survival are unlikely even with definitive
care; separated but not abandoned
V Upper extremity fractures
V inor burns
V prains
V mall lacerations without significant
bleeding
V rehavioral disorders
V Psychological disturbances

32
V Unresponsive patients with penetrating head
wounds
V High spinal cord injuries
V ounds involving multiple anatomical sites
and organs
V 2nd &3rd degree burns in excess of !
of total
body surface area

35
V eizures or vomiting with in 22 hour after
radiation exposure
V profound shock with multiple injuries
V Agonal respirations
V No pulse
V No rP
V Pupils fixed and dilated

3!
LE 
NUE IN DIATE EPNE PLAN

Depends on the specific needs of the

facility at the time; Personal protective
Equipments component of preparedness
and response; donned before contact with
a contaminated patient.
Prevent the disaster
inimize casualties
Prevent further casualties
escue the victims

irst aid
Evacuate
edical care
econstruction

V You are the triage nurse

at the receiving facility
for casualties after the
tornado. 5 patients arrive
at the same time.

3j
V An elderly man with a
respiatory rate of
breaths
per minute, color ashen,
tense abdomen and only
carotid pulse present

2
VAO year old childwith a
bleeding scalp laceration
who has a glasgow coma
score of
and needs
intubation

2ë
V3 year old mother of a
child, who is crying
hysterically, is walking and
appears to have no pain or
visible injuries

22
VA ë5 year-old girl who
complains of pain in her left
leg , with obvious deformity
of the calfbut good pulses in
the foot

23
V !5-year-old woman who
arrives in a police car
holding her right wrist
which is cool,
ecchymoticand painful, with
good pulses
22
DECNTAINATIN
Process of removing accumulated
contaminants

tep
ë. emove the patient·s clothing and
jewelry
2. oap and water wash, then rinse
V Cell destruction of the layers
of the skin and the resultant
depletion of fluid and
electrolytes
V Thermal

e.g. caused by exposure to

flames, hot liquids, steam or
hot objects
V Caused by tissue contact with
strong acids, alkalis or organic
compounds
V caused by heat generated by
an electrical energy as it passes
through the body
V caused by exposure to
ultraviolet light, x-rays or a
radioactive source
V ëst degree- involves epidermis, reddish and
painful
V 2nd degree- involves the dermis, moist
surface, with vesicles, painful
V 3rd degree- involves subcutaneous layer,
pearly white, no pain
V 2th degree- involves the muscles and bones,
blackish or charred, no pain
V Head,
ace, Neck = j

V Anterior Trunk = ë


V Posterior Trunk = ë


V Upper Extremities (each) = j

V Lower Extremities (each) = ë


V Genital = ë

6 6
 
V top the burning process
- immerse affected part in cold
water
- advise client to roll on the
ground if clothing is on fire
- throw a blanket over the client to
smother the flame
V Promoting espiratory
unction
- Assess ooty sputum and singed hair
- Establish open airway
- xygen therapy

V Promoting fluid-electrolyte, acid-base

balance
-Assess , U/, CP, LC, eight,
of
burns
V Promoting comfort elief of pain
- orphine 2- I
- red cradle to relieve pressure from
topsheet
- Avoid exposure to draft, exposed nerve
endings are senstive
V Prevention of infection
- Asepsis
- everse isolation
- Tetanus immunization
- terile N to irrigate area
V Anti microbials
- ilver N3 .5

- ilver sulfadiazene ë
(ilvadene)
- afedine Acetate ë
(ulfamylon)
*drug of choice because it can penetrate
eshar
-Gentamycin 2 (Geramysin)
-Providone-Iodine (retadine)
V Hydrotherapy
V Debridement

V kin grafting

V Promoting G.I. support

V ehabilitation
 An acute medical
emergency caused by
failure of the heat
regulating mechanism
of the body
V CNDUCTIN-the
transfer of heat from
one material to another
through direct contact
V Ex.cup of coffee
Carrying away of heat by
currents of air or water
or other gases or liquids
Ex. poon
ending out energy, such
as heat, in waves into
the space
Ex. The sun
V The change to liquid to
gas, when the body
perspires or gets wet,
V evaporation of the
perspiration or other
liquid into the air has s
cooling effect on the
body
V rreathing, during
respiration body heat is
lost as warm air is
exhaled from the body
People at risk those
not acclimatized to
heat, elderly & very
young
V CN dysfunctions
Confusion, delirium,
bizarre behavior, coma
V Temp - 2 .! C / ë 5
or
higher
V Hot dry skin
V Anhidrosis ( absence of
sweating)
V Tachypnea,
hypotension,
tachycardia
V Numbness or reduced
sense of touch
V tiff or rigid posture

V Drowsiness
V Loss of motor
coordination
V Joint muscle stiffness

V kin may appear red

V educe high temp as
quickly as possible
V emove clothing

V Cool sheets and towels or

continuous sponging with
cool water
V Apply ice to neck, groin,
chest & axillae, spray
with tepid water
V Cooling blankets

V Iced saline lavage if

temp does not decrease
V Immersion of the
patient in a cold water
bath if possible
V Use electric fan to blow
air towards the client
V Constant monitoring of
temperature
V Use caution to avoid
hypothermia
V onitor vital signs, ECG

V Assess for seizures (if

recurrent hyperthermia)
V Give 2
V I N or L
V I& monitoring ( acute
tubular necrosis may occur
as a complication of heat
stroke)
V CrC

V ELECTLYTE

V ArG

V ECG

V U/A
ATE CHILL- chilling
caused by conduction of
heat from the body
when the body or
clothing is wet
V Chilling
caused by
convection of heat from
the body in The
presence of air currents
Exposure to freezing Temp;
actual freezing of intra &
intercellular fluid,
resulting to cellular &
vascular damage.
Commonly affects the ears,
nose, hands & feet
 Affected part is hard,
cold and insensitive to
touch may appear white
or mottled blue white
VGoal restore normal
body temp
VConstrictive clothing
are removed
VIf lower ext are
involved the patient
should not be
allowed to ambulate
V Controlled yet rapid
rewarming is done
(extremity is placed in a
3O-2 C / j
.!- ë 2

circulating bath for 3 -2
minute). epeated until
circulation is restored
V During rewarming
analgesics are given
(affected part may be very
painful during procedure)
V assage is contraindicated

( to avoid further injury)

V After rewarming procedure
extremities are elevated &
protected fr.
urther injury
V terile gauze or cotton are
placed in between fingers
V rlebs w/c develop ë
hour to few days after
rewarming are left
intact and not ruptured
especially if
hemorrhagic
V The core temperature is
35C / j5
or less as a result
of exposure to cold
Urban hypothermia ² has a
high mortality rate in the
elderly & infants
V Alcohol ingestion
increases susceptibility
to hypothermia because
it causes systemic
vasodilation
V Trauma px are
susceptible esp. if cold
fluids, unwarmed
oxygen and cold
exposure during
treatment
V If
patient has frostbite &
hypothermia
(Hypothermia is the
priority )
V CoreTemp of 35 or less
V Dysarthria

V Drowsiness

V Pulmonary edema

V Coma
V Continuous monitoring
V ewarming

V emoval of wet clothing

V insulation
V Cardiopulmonary bypass
V arm I fluid
V arm 2 by ventilator

V armed peritoneal lavage

V arm blankets

V verbed heaters
Vonitor for fib as
px temp increases
from 3ë to 32 C
 Defibrillation is
ineffective in px w/
temp of lower than
3ëC; px must be
rewarmed ëst
After Underwater
diving/ high altitude
flying
High altitude flying
within 22 hrs after
underwater diving
Nitrogen bubbles are
formed within
muscles tendons or
within blood
vessels(embolus)
Assessment
V Joint ext. pain

V Numbness

V Loss of 

V Neurologic (similar to
stroke)
V Hx of diving or high alt
flying
V anagement

V Patent airway
Vë
2 ( while in transit)
V I L

V et clothing is removed &

px kept warm
V In the hospital hyperbarric
treatment is done
V If air transport is needed
low altitude flight is
needed less than ë feet
V PENETATING ArDINAL INJUY=
(GUNHT UND, TAr UND) AE
EIU AND EQUIE UGEY AND
EULT IN HIGH INCIDENCE 
INJUY
T HLL GAN
V rLUNT TAUA= AY EULT

T EHICULA CAHE,
ALL
rL AND EPLIN AND I CNLY
ACIATED ITH ETA ArDINAL
INJUIE T THE CHET HEAD AND
ETEITIE.

 
6
 




6

V 
6

V
6
6

V 

V 

6

V THE ArDEN I INPECTED


rIU IGN 
INJUY(INCLUDING
PENETATING INJUY
V rUIE
V ArAIN
V AUCULTATIN 
rEL UND
PIDE rAELINE DATA
 HICH
CHANGE CAN rE NTED
V ArENCE 
rEL UND AY rE AN
EALY IGN 
INTA PEITNEAL
INLEENT
V ALTHUGH TE CAN ELIINATE
rEL UND
V
UTHE ArDINAL AEENT AY
EEAL PGEIE
V ArDINAL DITENTIN
V INLUNTAY GUADING
V TENDENE, PAIN ,IGIDITY
V AND ErUND TENDENE
V UINALYI V T DETECT
HEATUIA(indicativ
e of urinary tract injury)
V Hematocrit V To evaluate trends
reflecting the absence or
presence of bleeding
V To detect elevation(
V rC indicative of trauma)
V uggest pancreatic
V erum amylase injury
 CLA ë

V rlood loss/ml V O5

V rlood loss
blood V  ë5

volume V ë
V P V Normal
V rP V Normal
V Capillary refill V ë2-2
V  V 3
V U V lightly anxious
V ental status V crystalliod
V
luid replacement
 CLA 2

V rlood loss/ml V O5 -ë5

V rlood loss
blood V  ë5
-3

volume V ë
V P V Normal
V rP V delayed
V Capillary refill V 2 -3
V  V 2 -3
V U V mildly anxious
V ental status V crystalliod
V
luid replacement
 CLA 3

V rlood loss/ml V ë5 -2
V rlood loss
blood V  3 -2

volume V ë2
V P V decreased
V rP V delayed
V Capillary refill V 3 -2
V  V 5-ë5
V U V anxious and confused
V ental status V Crystalliod and blood
V
luid replacement
 CLA 2

V rlood loss/ml V 2
V rlood loss
blood V 2

volume V ë2
V P V decreased
V rP V delayed
V Capillary refill V 35
V  V 3
V U V Confused, lethargic
V ental status V Crystalliod and blood
V
luid replacement
V ecure or support a patent airway
V ptimize breathing
V aintain circulation
V Establish intravascular access
V eplace intravascular volume(blood products
or crystalliod
V anage bleeding by applying direct pressure
on a compression site
 TEATENT

V Abdominal scan V
luid

V I resuscitation(L,N)
V -ray V CYTALLID
V Cbc V asopressors
V rlood typing and xcross V teroids
matching V Na bicarbonate
V PT,PTT V Tetanus serum
V ArG V rroad spectrum
V HCG (If pregnant) antibiotic
V rlood transfusion(o-
negative PrC)
V  !"!!
!!!
V #$ ##
V !%$$#"$ &$#$'
$()
V *#!##& #!
#$'"
V Acute dental trauma is a serious injury to one
or more parts of your mouth. The word acute is
used to define problems that start suddenly,
worsen quickly, and last a short time. Your
injury may include damage to any of your
teeth, the socket the tooth sits in, or your jaw.
You can also have injuries to the soft tissues of
your mouth. These include your tongue,
V Dental trauma can affect teeth that are
primary or permanent. Primary teeth are also
called baby or milk teeth. They fall out over
time and are replaced by permanent teeth,
also called adult teeth. There are 2 primary
teeth in children and 32 permanent teeth in
adults.
h

 


 



c Ô

    Ò




 



 


!







" !





 

 # 
6    Ò

 
 




 "

! ! 





 !
 
!
  

ï    

 


 




   


  

 



6+&!$ The force
of the impact to your mouth can push
your tooth out of its normal position.
The tooth can be pushed up further
into the socket. The tooth may be push
partly out of the socket.
ï 
   Ò

 

 


 

á 

 



 $! 



  !


 


" "$ 
V Dental trauma usually occurs with a
direct blow to your mouth area or jaw.
The greater the impact of blow you
receive, the more likely for you to have
worse problems. Trauma may be from
any of the following

$!, These include a bad
fall from a height, bicycle or
motor vehicle crashes, and
pedestrian and playground
accidents. The highest number of
accidents with dental trauma
happens in children at 2 to 3
years of age.
á   $ 

" 
  


 


 


!


  



 $

  

á
     




V rrittle or loose teeth.
V Dental caries (tooth decay).
V verbite. This is when your upper teeth
stick out past your lower teeth.
V Periodontal (gum) disease.
V hort upper lip or your teeth do not close
or come together in the front of your
mouth.
V r$'"!$'
rruises on your lips and face.
rleeding gums or other soft tissues
inside your mouth.
Cuts on your lips, chin, or labial
frenulum (tissue that attaches your
lip to your gum).
V `### You may have a
broken bone, such as in the jaw or
face.
You have a change in how your
face or jaw looks.
You are not be able to move your
jaw or close your mouth.
V

V 6+!&#$
Toothache.
Tooth that is very sensitive to pressure,
temperature (hot or cold), or tapping.
You may also feel pain when eating or
drinking something sweet or sour.
V 6+##' You may have a
tooth that is cracked, chipped, loose,
out of position, or missing.
You can feel a sharp or rough edge
on your tooth. This can rub against
the inside of your mouth or your
tongue.
issing tooth or teeth.
V 6+"+#$' This is a
change in how your teeth fit
together when you bite.
cr  
  


% 

!

 
cv      





 







 
c % 

 ! 
 



"
 



!


 






c r#+$' ake sure nothing is
blocking your ability to breath. This
can include knocked out teeth or
blood in your throat.

$#'!! These include different kinds of
medicines that help decrease pain, such as
acetaminophen. The kind of analgesic that may
be given to you will depend on how bad your
pain is. ome analgesics may also be used to
decrease swelling and fever (high body
temperature).
V
$"! This medicine is given to fight or
prevent an infection caused by bacteria. Always
take your antibiotics exactly as ordered by your
caregiver. Keep taking this medicine until it is
completely gone, even if you feel better. topping
antibiotics without your caregiver's K may make
the medicine unable to kill all of the germs.

"save" antibiotics or take leftover antibiotics that
were given to you for another illness
6#$!!+ This is medicine to keep
you from getting tetanus. It is given as
a shot. You should have a tetanus shot
if you have not had one in the past 5 to
ë years. Your arm can get red,
swollen, and sore after getting this
shot.
V +-#!+ Your caregiver may want
you to use a germ-killing mouth wash 2
to 3 times a day. This may help your
injury heal faster by treating other
problems, such as gum swelling or
infection. A germ-killing mouth wash
may also be used to clean your mouth
before a procedure
cÄ 

   
 


! 
 
 
 

 " 


  
  


# 
  !
 
  

"!


c &$$'+ A splint may be
placed on your teeth for a period of
time. This helps support the position
of your damaged tooth while its
supporting tissues heal
l 6+"$$' This is l 6+&#$#$ A
done if a small part of tooth that completely
your tooth chipped off. came out from its
A special glue will be socket may be put back.
used to put the pieces This should be done
of tooth back together. within five minutes
after the trauma or as
soon as possible.
6+!+#&$' This is
done to make the sharp
edge of your broken
tooth smoother.
V #)$() V
!$')
+%'+#-#), ##'+,
eeing a caregiver Chewing food on
right away may help your damaged tooth
you from having may put too much
dental or other pressure and worsen
problems later. These your injury.
include tooth loss or
dental infections.
c ï   "

 
 
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!  


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Ò



 &   
 
 
c  Limit your diet to soft
foods for ë to 2 weeks if you have a
loose tooth. oft foods include
applesauce, baby food, bananas,
cooked cereal, cottage cheese, eggs,
gelatin, pudding, and yogurt
V v&)-$!#$, oft tissue
cuts and other wounds must be kept
clean. Gargle using a salt water
solution. You can also clean your
wounds using hydrogen peroxide
swabs. Ask your caregiver for more
information on how to clean your
wounds.
V HEN THE ICTI ECE

PNTANEULY  I

UCCE
ULLY

EUCITATED(ATLEAT

TEPAILY)
V DEATH CAUED rY

CHANGE IN THE LUNG

EULTING IN IEIN


ATE
V Persons struggles to keep afloat in the water

V Gulps in large of air as he thrashes about

V (when he can no longer keep afloat and starts

to submerge
V He tries to take and hold one more deep breath

V ater may enter the airway

V (there is a series of coughing and swallowing

actions
V The victim involuntarily inhales and swallows
more water

V (As the water flows past the epiglottis)

V It triggers spasm of the larynx

V This spasms seals the airway effectively that no
more than a small amount of water reaches the
lungs

V Unconsciousness soon results from

hypoxia(oxygen starvation)
occ
V ccurs after immersion
in cold water
V occurringwhen the entrance
of water causes a
laryngospasm occluding the
airway bringing about
suffocation.
ë. Laryngospasm
2. Asphyxiation
3. Hypoxia
2. Cardiac arrest
V in
which water fills the
lungs, stopping gas
exchange.
 `.
6
V )&$

V )&#

V $

V )!!
 V 
6.
6
V )&$

V )&#

V $$#$

V $#$r
V Immediate quality CP

V Cold water

V Clean water

V hort immersion time

V Less struggle

V No associated injuries
onitor patients Ar C(cervical spine
precautions

Initiate CP

Establish I access
V Correct hypoxia

V Correct acidosis

V Correct hypotension

V Transport victim to nearest hospital

V onitor patients Ar C(cervical
spine precautions)

V Initiate monitoring(cardiac and

pulse oximeter
V emove wet clothing; wrap
in dry blanket
V Provide aggressive re-
warming effort
V Gently handle patient to
prevent arrythmia
V Anticipate profound
neurologic changes
V Provide re-warming therapy

V Determinethe duration of
submersion
onitor ICP

monitor hypoxic seizures

V hen there are 2 rescues
present, perform the head tilt
chin support technique to
provide in-line stabilization of a
patient in shallow water
V hen you find a patient
face down in shallow
water,position yourself
along side the patient
V Extend the arms straight
up alongside his head to
create a splint
 to rotate the torso
V regin
toward you
V aintain manual
stabilization by holding the
patient·s head between his
arms
VPIN
c AKA (rust remover, metal polish
E PAIN GI tract chemical burns
Lip burns, vomiting
x. Give milk or water, mlk of
magnesia, egg white, prevent
aspiration. Transport patient in
sitting position, if possible
V Do not induce vomiting

V Contact poison control for more

advise
V AKA- Tylenol
V E There may be s/sx but
acetaminophen is toxic to the liver
N/, anorexia UQ PAIN, pallor
and diaphresis
V ; ArC· 2 I, EKG fluids for
hypotension, activated charcoal
5 -ë mg orally.
V ucomist may be given in ED

V CAUTIN CNTACT PIN

CNL
E pain GI Tract chemical burns
Lip burnns and vomiting
x give milk or water, prevent
aspiration if possible trasport
patient in sitting position
Caution do not induce vomiting
Contact poison control
V Attacks occur while eating
V ost are caused by impacted food
V ictim may clutch neck

6
 


 



V If victim demonstrates the universal choking
sign, quickly ask, ´Are you choking?µ
ild bstruction evere bstruction
V In response to V In response to
question victim question victim
speaks & answers unable to speak or
´yesµ nods
V ictim able to speak, V ictim unable to
cough, & breathe breathe
V heezing

V ilent Cough

V Unconscious victim
ild bstruction evere bstruction
V Encourage victim to V INTEENE!
continue coughing
V Do NT interfere
with patient·s
spontaneous efforts to
cough & breathe
V Do NTHING else
V Intervene I
with signs of severe airway
obstruction
ilent cough, cyanosis, inability to speak or breathe
espiratory difficulty increases or victim becomes
unresponsive
V Activate E
V Apply abdominal thrusts in rapid succession
until obstruction is relieved
V tand behind victim & put
both hands around upper
part of abdomen
V Lean victim forwards
V Clench fist & place it thumb
side against victim·s
abdomen between the
umbilicus & xiphoid
V Grasp this hand with the
other
V Pull sharply inwards &
upwards
V epeat until object is
expelled or victim becomes
unresponsive
V If you find a
CNCIU
choking victim
lying on the
ground, do
abdominal
thrusts in the
supine position
V Do CHET THUT if
Abdominal thrusts are
NT effective
escuer is unable to
encircle obese victim·s
abdomen
ictim is in late stages
of pregnancy
V If victim becomes unresponsive
Carefully support patient to the ground
Activate E
regin CP
V Initiate chest compressions even if pulse is
present in the UNCNCIU CHKING
ICTI
V Look for object in victim·s mouth each time
airway is opened
V Use finger sweep if solid material is EEN
obstructing airway of unresponsive patient
V
rA victims treated with abdominal thrusts
should be examined by a doctor
Can cause internal injuries
V Insect
stings, spider bites,
and scorpion stings are
typical sources of injected
poisons
V &$!*#)/
V Not all scorpions are poisonous, but those that
are can be deadly. corpions are found mostly
in the outhwest and estern states.
ymptoms of a sting include pain, swelling,
itching, vomiting, increased sweating, and
vision problems. Get medical care
immediately.
l Toxins-substance produce by
animals or plants that are
poisonous to humans

l enom-is a term for a toxin

produced by some animals such
as snakes, and spiders
V Altered state of awareness
V Noticeably stings or bites in the
skin
V Puncture marks

V rlotchy skin

V Localized pain or itching

V Numbness in the limb/body

part
V rurning sensation at the site
V edness

V welling/blister at the site

V eakness/collapse

V Dr

V H/A, DIZZINE
V CHILL
V
EE

V N/

V UCLE CAP

V ECEIE ALIA

V ANAPHYLAI
V Treat for shock
V Pull the stinger/venom sac-
avoid using tweezers
V emove jewelry

V Contact poison control

V equire special care but usually
not life threatening
V nake bites takes several hours
to appear.
V Pit
vipers-(rattle snakes,
copperheads, water
mocassins

V Coral snakes
h




 



 



  
 


    

 

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